Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
  • H01M10/647—Prismatic or flat cells, e.g. pouch cells
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
  • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
  • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
  • F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
  • F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
  • F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
  • F28F1/02—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
  • F28F1/022—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular with multiple channels
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
  • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
  • F28F9/0229—Double end plates; Single end plates with hollow spaces
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
  • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
  • F28F9/0246—Arrangements for connecting header boxes with flow lines
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
  • F28F9/26—Arrangements for connecting different sections of heat-exchange elements, e.g. of radiators
  • F28F9/262—Arrangements for connecting different sections of heat-exchange elements, e.g. of radiators for radiators
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
  • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
  • H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
  • H01M10/6557—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange arranged between the cells
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
  • H01M10/659—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by heat storage or buffering, e.g. heat capacity or liquid-solid phase changes or transition
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
  • F28D2020/0004—Particular heat storage apparatus
  • F28D2020/0013—Particular heat storage apparatus the heat storage material being enclosed in elements attached to or integral with heat exchange conduits
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
  • H01M10/625—Vehicles
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
  • H01M10/653—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by electrically insulating or thermally conductive materials
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
  • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
  • H01M10/6567—Liquids
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
  • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

• the invention relates to the field of heat exchangers for the thermal regulation of batteries, including the batteries of a motor vehicle whose propulsion is provided in whole or in part by an electric motor.
• the temperature of the battery must be regulated, at a temperature around 20 ° C, to ensure the reliability, autonomy, and performance of the vehicle, while optimizing the life of the battery.
• the battery In electric or hybrid vehicles, the battery is generally made by electric energy storage cells which are juxtaposed parallel to each other in a protective housing and which form a battery pack.
• thermo regulation device In order to regulate the temperature of the battery, it is known to use a thermal regulation device providing the heating and cooling functions of the battery.
• a first solution is to implement, inside the battery pack, a thermal control device, in the form of one or more heat exchangers, on one or more faces of the battery.
• the thermal control device may be implemented on the outer surface of the battery pack.
• Another known solution consists in implementing a thermal regulation device comprising a plurality of heat exchangers interposed between each electric cell of the battery.
• the thermal regulation, and in particular the cooling, of the batteries is not yet optimal.
• a known solution (illustrated in FIG. 1) consists in inserting into the stack of heat exchangers and electric cells an element of deformable material B between each of the faces of a heat exchanger A. and the electric cells 10 disposed on either side of this heat exchanger A.
• heat transfer fluids which are, for example, pulsed air, a mixture of water and glycol or refrigerants.
• a disadvantage of these known solutions lies in their low capacity to effectively absorb the heat peaks encountered during the charging and / or discharging of the electric cells.
• the invention proposes a heat exchanger for the thermal regulation of electric energy storage cells disposed on either side of the heat exchanger, said heat exchanger comprising a heat exchange bundle consisting of a first row of at least one tube of which an outer face is intended to be arranged in thermal contact with at least a first electric energy storage cell so as to regulate the temperature of said at least one first cell.
• the heat exchanger further comprises a second row of at least one tube, and an outer face of which is intended to be arranged in thermal contact with at least one second electric energy storage cell. so as to regulate the temperature of said at least one second cell, the inner faces of the two rows of at least one tube being arranged vis-a-vis and separated by a space.
• the heat exchanger comprises at least one element of elastically deformable material disposed in the space formed between said inner faces of the first and second rows of at least one tube so as to maintain said tubes in thermal contact with said electric cells.
• the invention thus proposes a heat exchanger structure with two rows of spaced apart tubes, and possibly arranged in parallel, each row of tubes being in contact, on its external face, with an electric cell to be cooled, or heated.
• the heat transfer tubes of the same row of tubes is made to one and the same electric cell, which optimizes the thermal regulation of the latter.
• the invention combines a row of tubes with a single electric cell so that the heat exchange is carried out only between these two elements.
• an elastic element between the two rows of tubes makes it possible to absorb any deformation of the electric cells during the loading / unloading of the latter and to ensure constant contact between the tubes of the exchanger and electric cells.
• a single elastic element disposed in the housing formed between the two rows of tubes of the heat exchanger according to the invention, effectively absorbs the deformations of the two electrical cells associated with said exchanger.
• this elastic element in the housing formed between the two rows of tubes allows them to be in direct contact with the electrical cells whose temperature must be regulated.
• said at least one elastic element is mounted prestressed in said space.
• said at least one element is made of a material made of silicone or graphite.
• At least one electrical insulator is interposed between said tubes of the heat exchanger and said electric cells.
• the outer faces of the first and second rows of at least one tube are in mechanical contact with said electrical cells.
• said tubes of the two rows are flat type tubes. According to one aspect of the invention, said tubes of the two rows are multichannel tubes.
• At least part of the channels of at least one of said multichannel tubes is intended for the circulation of a coolant.
• another part of the channels of said at least one of said multichannel tubes is for storing a phase change material.
• the invention proposes, in a particular embodiment, the use in the heat exchanger of a phase-change material, in addition to a fluid coolant.
• phase change material combined with that of a heat transfer fluid makes it possible to provide absorption, or a return, of rapid and efficient heat energy to the heat exchanger in order to limit the temperature peaks. associated electrical cells and thus optimize the performance and life of the battery.
• the heat exchanger comprises a collector at each end of said multichannel tubes, said manifold comprising a heat transfer fluid reservoir formed in a tubular, said tubing having a first row of slots for the passage of the ends of the tubes. multichannel tubes of the first row and a second row of slots for the passage of the ends of the multichannel tubes of the second row.
• said manifold comprises a heat transfer fluid reservoir and a phase change material reservoir.
• said heat transfer fluid reservoir and said reservoir of phase change material are superimposed.
• said at least part of the channels of said at least two multi-channel tubes for storing the phase change material has a first length and opens into the phase change material reservoir, and in that said at least a portion of said channels to at least two multichannel tubes for the circulation of a coolant has a second length, different from the first length, and opens into the coolant reservoir.
• said at least a portion of the channels for the circulation of a heat transfer fluid passes through the reservoir of phase change material.
• the invention also proposes a thermal regulation device for at least two electric energy storage cells comprising at least one heat exchanger as described above.
• Figure 1 is a side view of a heat exchanger according to the prior art arranged in thermal contact with two electric cells and for regulating the temperature of the latter;
• Figure 2 is a side view of a heat exchanger according to the invention in contact with two electric cells and for regulating the temperature thereof;
• Figure 3 is a perspective view of the heat exchanger and the electric cells of Figure 2;
• Figure 4 is a side view of the heat exchanger and the electric cells of Figure 2 showing a deformation of the electric cells;
• Figure 5 is a detail view, in section, of a collector of a first type of exchanger
• Figure 6 is a schematic sectional view illustrating two multichannel tubes of a first type of exchanger
• Figure 7 is a detail view, in section, of a collector of a second type of exchanger
• Figure 8 is a schematic sectional view illustrating two multichannel tubes of a second type of exchanger
• FIG. 9 represents in perspective a power supply assembly of a vehicle implementing a stack of several heat exchangers according to the invention alternating with electric cells.
• the invention proposes to optimize the thermal regulation of the electric cells 10 of a battery 1 of a vehicle by the implementation, on the same heat exchanger 20, of two rows 21A and 21B of heat transfer fluid circulation tubes 21. , so that the outer face of each row 21A, 21B of tubes 21 is in contact with a face of a single electrical cell 10, as shown in Figure 2.
• the tubes 21 are multichannel tubes, in the illustrated example and the electrical cells 10 are of parallelepipedal shape.
• each row 21A and 21B of tubes 21 is associated with a single electrical cell 10 which is located on the outer face of the row of tubes.
• a row of tubes 21 is dedicated to the thermal regulation of a single electric cell 10, which thus makes it possible to improve the heat exchange between a row of tubes 21 of the heat exchanger 20 and the cell 10 with which it is in thermal contact, and possibly mechanical.
• two rows 21A, 21B of tubes 21 allows a heat exchanger 20 of the invention, when it is brought into contact with two electric cells 10 arranged on either side of the two rows of tubes. tubes, to improve the heat exchange between the heat exchanger 20 and the electric cells 10, and therefore to optimize the thermal regulation of the battery 1.
• the heat exchanger 20 has two rows 21A, 21B of multichannel tubes 21, the ends of which respectively open into two collectors 22.
• each row 21A, 21B comprises five tubes 21 so as to circulate, in each row 21A, 21B, a heat transfer fluid in a circuit called "I".
• the first row 21A comprises five tubes 21 distributed in a first plane PI and the second row 21B comprises five tubes 21 distributed along a second plane P2, the plane P2 extending parallel to the plane PI (the two rows 21A, 21B 'therefore extend parallel).
• the tubes 21 of the two rows 21A, 21B extend perpendicularly to the collectors 22.
• a larger or smaller number of tubes 21, and other circuits for circulating the heat transfer fluid can be implemented without departing from the general principle of the invention.
• a first end of the collector 22 is sealed by a plate, or wall, 221.
• each manifold 22 opens into a connection element 4 which constitutes a heat transfer fluid inlet conduit 42E for a first manifold 22 (located on the left in FIGS. 2 and 3) and a heat transfer fluid outlet conduit 42S. for a second collector 22 (located on the right in Figures 2 and 3).
• Each 42E and 42S output duct is open at both ends.
• the heat transfer fluid is able to pass from the inlet duct 42E to the first manifold 22, then the second manifold 22 to the outlet duct 42S, once it passes through the tubes 21.
• the connecting element 4 furthermore makes it possible to connect the heat exchanger 20 with one or two adjacent heat exchangers of identical structure, as illustrated in FIG. 9.
• the heat exchanger 20 has, between the inner faces of the two rows 21A and 21B of tubes 21, a housing, or space, 23.
• a pad 24 made of deformable elastic material is housed in this space 23.
• the planes PI and P2 are distant from each other and the rows 21A, 21B of tubes 21, distributed according to these planes, form with the manifolds 22 the housing 23 intended to receive the pad 24.
• the height "h" of the housing 23 formed between the two rows 21A and 21B of tubes 21 is between 1 mm and 5 mm.
• the pad 24 may be prestressedly mounted in the housing 23 formed between the tubes 21.
• its thickness is substantially equal to the height "h”.
• the pad 24, made of deformable elastic material, makes it possible to exert a thrust force against each of the tubes 21 between which it is mounted, so as to optimize the contact between the tubes 21 and the electric cells 10 in contact with the exchanger thermal 20.
• the pad 24 makes it possible to exclude or push back two tubes 21 arranged facing each other and belonging respectively to the first row 21A and to the second row 21B of tubes 21.
• the pad 24 when the electric cells 10 deform under the effect of temperature variations, the pad 24 also deforms in order to absorb the deformations 11 of the electric cells 10 so as to maintain an optimal contact between the tubes 21 of the heat exchanger 20 and the electric cells 10 of the battery 1, as illustrated in FIG. 4.
• the two rows 21A, 21B of tubes 21 are bent towards each other under the effect of the deformation 11 of the two electric cells 10 arranged on either side of the heat exchanger 2, the pad 24 is then compressed.
• the pad 24 is made of an elastic material, and more specifically in an elastomeric material, such as silicone.
• the material of the pad 24 is chosen so that its thermal conductivity is low so as to avoid heat exchange between the tubes 21 of the two rows 21A, 21B.
• these materials are heat resistant and can be used up to operating temperatures of around 100 ° C.
• the pad 24 is made of silicone material since this material has good electrical insulation properties.
• the pad 24 also electrically isolates the heat exchangers 20, in which circulates a coolant, electrical cells 10 of the battery 1.
• One of the faces of the pad 24 in contact with the rows 21A, 21B of tubes 21 may be adhesive so as to facilitate its mounting on the two rows 21A, 21B of tubes 21.
• the pad 24 is constituted by a plurality of parallelepipedal blocks 241, each housed between two opposed tubes 21 of the respective rows 21A and 21B.
• Each block 241 of the pad 24 has substantially the same dimensions (width and length) as the tubes 21 between which it is mounted.
• the pad 24 consists of a single parallelepiped block which extends over the total length of the housing 23 between the two rows 21A, 21B of tubes 21.
• the deformations are here absorbed by the pad 24 and the tubes 21 can thus be brought into direct contact with the electric cells 10, further improving the heat exchange between these two elements.
• the invention thus makes it possible, by the use of two rows 21A, 21B spaced from tubes 21 and possibly a pad 24 disposed between these tubes 21, to improve the heat exchanges between the heat exchangers 20 and the electric cells 10 to better regulate the temperature of the battery 1.
• the heat exchanger 20 implements such a pad 24, this allows, in addition, that the deformations 11 of the electric cells 10 are optimally absorbed in order to limit the accumulation of deformations of each electric cell, particularly in the case of a stack of heat exchangers and cells forming a power supply assembly.
• FIG. 9 An example of a power supply unit E is illustrated in FIG. 9 and comprises a thermal regulation device 2 of the battery 1 of a vehicle implementing a plurality of heat exchangers 20 according to the invention.
• the battery 1 of a vehicle is, in this example, comprised of four electrical energy storage cells, hereinafter referred to as electrical cells, which are spaced apart and arranged parallel to one another.
• Each electric cell 10 is capable of producing electric current and has a rigid envelope in this example of FIG. 9.
• the thermal control device 2 comprises, in this example, five heat exchangers 20 according to the invention which are each interposed between two consecutive electrical cells 10 (except at the ends) and brought into contact with the latter so as to regulate the temperature of the these electric cells 10, and more generally the battery 1.
• the electrical power supply unit E comprises clamping means 6 which, after juxtaposition of the electric cells 10 of the battery 1 and the heat exchangers 20 parallel to each other, compress this stack of to provide an optimal contact between the electric cells 10 and the heat exchangers 20.
• the clamping means 5 comprise two clamping plates 61, four clamping struts 62 and a plurality of deformable bars 63.
• the two clamping plates 61 are intended to be placed on either side of the stack of the electric cells 10 and the heat exchangers 20.
• each clamping plate 61 has four holes 611 provided at the four corners of each clamping plate 61 and are configured to receive a fixing screw (not visible) for securing the clamping plate 61 and the four clamping struts 62.
• clamping plates 61 comprise orifices 612 intended to cooperate with deformable bars 63 distributed over the height of the plates.
• each of the deformable bars 63 can push the latter against the electric cell 10 or the heat exchanger 20 which is adjacent to the clamping plate 61 on which these deformable strips 63 are mounted.
• clamping bars 63 are intended to optimize the contact between the tubes 21 of the heat exchangers 20 and the electric cells 10. Two types of heat exchangers according to the invention are described in greater detail below.
• FIG. 5 partially illustrates a heat exchanger 3 of a first type intended to be brought into contact with two electric cells 10 of the battery 1 so as to regulate their temperature.
• FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken at a manifold 33 of the heat exchanger 3.
• the exchanger 3 has a substantially identical structure to the exchanger 20 illustrated in FIG.
• the exchanger 3 comprises two rows of five multichannel tubes 31 (only the row 31A and three tubes 31 are visible in FIG. 5) whose ends are connected to a collector 33.
• each row of tubes 31 is intended to come into contact with an electric cell 10 so as to regulate the temperature of the latter.
• the heat exchanger 3 is intended to come into contact with two electric cells 10 arranged on either side of the heat exchanger 3.
• FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of two tubes 31 of the heat exchanger 3 of the first type, belonging to each of the rows 31A, 31B of tubes 31.
• a block 241 of the pad 24 is disposed between the two spaced-apart tubes 31 which are respectively part of the first row 31A and the second row 31B of tubes 31 of the heat exchanger 3.
• the tube 31 is preferably made of aluminum and has a high thermal conductance so as to be able to cool, or heat, the electric cell 10 of the battery 1 with which it is in direct contact.
• the tube 31 is in the form of a flat tube, of oblong section, comprising a plurality of internal walls 311 delimiting a plurality of internal channels 312 extending parallel and longitudinally over the entire tube 31.
• the tube 31 is preferably obtained by extrusion, which facilitates the manufacture of the internal channels 312.
• the channels 312 of the tube 31 are configured to allow the circulation of a coolant between the various channels 312 of the tube 31 and the collectors 33.
• each end of the tube 31 opens into a collector
• the manifolds 33 are in the form of a pipe 330 each extending on one side of the heat exchanger 3.
• the space formed in the tubing 330 forms a reservoir 331 for receiving the coolant.
• the channels 312 of the tubes 31 and the reservoirs 331 of the manifolds 33 form the circulation circuit of the coolant within the heat exchanger 3.
• the bottom of the tubular 330 further has two rows of a plurality of longitudinal slots 332 which are arranged at regular intervals along the longitudinal axis of the tubular 330.
• FIG. 5 shows only a single row 332A of slots 332 formed in the bottom of the tubing 330 for the passage of the tubes 31 of the first row 31A. It is understood that the bottom of the tubular 330 has a second row of slots 332 for the passage of the tubes 31 of the second row.
• the slots 332 are configured to allow each passage of an end of a tube 31.
• the width of a slot 332 is equal to the width of a tube
• the slots 332 are configured to seal between the tubes 31 and the manifold 33.
• a first end of the collector 33 is sealed by a plate, or wall, (not visible in Figures 5 and 6, but identical to the wall 221 of Figure 3).
• each manifold 33 opens into a connection element as described above in connection with Figures 2 and 3, and referenced 4 in these figures.
• the connecting element makes it possible to connect the coolant circulation circuit of the heat exchanger 3 with the overall circulation circuit of the thermal control device 2 of FIG. 9.
• FIG. 7 partially illustrates a heat exchanger 5 of a second type intended to be brought into contact with two electric cells 10 of the battery 1 so as to regulate their temperature, the electric cells 10 being arranged on either side of the heat exchanger 5.
• FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken at a collector 53 of the heat exchanger 5.
• the heat exchanger 5 has a substantially identical structure to the heat exchanger 20 illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3.
• the heat exchanger 5 comprises two rows (of which only the row 51A is visible in FIG. 7) of five multichannel tubes 51 (four of which are visible in FIG. 7) whose ends are connected to a collector 53.
• each row of tubes 51 is intended to come into contact with an electric cell 10 so as to regulate the temperature of the latter.
• the heat exchanger 5 is intended to come into contact with two electric cells 10 arranged on either side of the heat exchanger 5.
• Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of two tubes 51 of the heat exchanger 5 of the second type.
• a block 241 of the pad 24 is disposed between the two spaced apart tubes 51 which are respectively part of the first row 51A and the second row 51B of tubes 51 of the heat exchanger 5.
• the tube 51 is preferably made of aluminum and has a high thermal conductance so as to be able to cool, or heat, the electric cell 10 of the battery 1 with which it is in direct contact.
• each of the tubes 51 is connected to a collector 53.
• the tubes 51 and the collectors 53 of the heat exchanger 5 are configured so as to allow, in addition to the circulation of the coolant, the storage of a phase-change material within the heat exchanger 5.
• the tubes 51 are optionally configured to store a phase change material (PCM) or to distribute a heat transfer fluid.
• PCM phase change material
• the heat exchanger 5 comprises a static circuit 511 for storing the phase change material, implementing a first set of channels 512.
• the heat exchanger 5 further comprises a dynamic circuit 513, implementing a second set of channels 514, and configured to allow the circulation of the coolant.
• phase change material contained in the static circuit 511 is not intended to flow in the channels 512 and the collectors 53, although the phase change material may exhibit a slight displacement within these channels. elements.
• the coolant is intended to circulate between the various channels 514 of the dynamic circuit 513 and the collectors 53 of the heat exchanger 5.
• each tube 51 has alternating channels 512 for storing the phase change material and channels 514 for circulating the coolant.
• each tube 51 comprises an alternation of channels belonging either to the static circuit 511 or to the dynamic circuit 513, so as to allow a heat exchange between the coolant and the phase change material.
• the phase change material ensures a large heat storage capacity.
• the determined amount of heat, stored inside the channels 512 by means of the static component (phase change material), is available to be used, in a delayed manner, to heat the heat transfer fluid moving within the 514 channels.
• the temperature of the coolant increases sharply, the temperature of the coolant also increases and the phase change material is able to store / absorb this increase in temperature.
• the phase-change material is able to restore or transfer the thermal energy stored via the coolant so as to maintain the temperature of the electric cells 10 at an optimum value.
• the phase change material acts as a thermal energy reservoir.
• the heat transfer fluid conductively controls the phase changes of the material stored in adjacent channels.
• the solid state it stores, without changing state, the thermal energy.
• phase change material When the temperature of the phase change material reaches the melting temperature, the phase change material changes to the liquid state and the heat is then stored in latent form.
• phase change material changes from the liquid state to the solid state.
• the distribution between the number of channels 512 of the static circuit 511 and the number of channels 514 of the dynamic circuit 513 can be modified. Indeed, according to the desired overall thermal performance, it is possible to provide two channels 512 of the static circuit 511 between two channels 514 of the dynamic circuit 513, or vice versa.
• the collector 53 of the heat exchanger 5 of the second type comprises a pipe 55 arranged partly in a channel 54 in U against the inner walls of the latter, so that the pipe 55 and the trough 54 are superimposed, the tubing 55 forming the outer edges of the collector 53.
• the chute 54 and the tubing 55 are joined by brazing to ensure the attachment and sealing between these two elements.
• the space between the bottom of the chute 54 and the tubing 55 forms a tank 541 for storing / receiving the phase-change material.
• This tank 541 is part of the static circuit 511.
• the space formed in the tubing 55 forms a reservoir 551 for receiving the coolant.
• This tank 551 is part of the dynamic circuit 513.
• the bottom of the chute 54 has two rows (only the row 542A is visible) of a plurality of longitudinal slots 542 which are arranged at regular intervals along the longitudinal axis of the chute 54.
• the chute 54 has a number of slots 542 per row equal to the number of tubes 51 per row used in the heat exchanger 5.
• the slots 542 are thus configured to allow each passage of an end of a tube 51.
• the width of the slot 542 is substantially equal to the thickness of the tube 51.
• FIG. 7 only shows a single row 542A of slots 542 formed in the bottom of the trough 54 for the passage of the tubes 51 of the first row 51A, but it is well understood here that the bottom of the trough 54 has a second row. of slots 542 for the passage of the tubes 51 of the second row, spaced apart and parallel to the first row 51A.
• the ends of the tubes 51 do not extend in a single plane, but are notched.
• the channels 512 of the static circuit 511 have a length less than the length of the channels 514 of the dynamic circuit 513.
• This particular crenellated shape of the ends of the tube 51 is obtained, in this example, by notching the ends of the channels 512 for storing the phase change material.
• This difference in length between the channels 512 and 514 allows the channels 512 of the static circuit 511 to open into the first tank 541 and the channels 514 of the dynamic circuit 513 to open into the second tank 551 of the collector 53.
• the manifold 55 has, at its bottom, two rows (only the row 552A is visible) of a plurality of openings 552 configured to allow the passage of the end of the channels 514 for circulating the coolant.
• FIG. 7 only shows a single row 552A of openings 552 formed in the bottom of the tube 55 for the passage of the channels 514 of the first row 51A of tubes 51, but it is well understood here that the bottom of the tubing 55 has a second row of openings 552 for the passage of the channels 514 of the second row of tubes 51.
• the assembly of the tubes 51 and channels 512 in the slots 542 and the openings 552 respectively is carried out so as to ensure the seal between the first reservoir 541 and the second reservoir 551 of the manifold 53.
• each of the collectors 53 of the heat exchanger 5 is sealed by a plate, or wall, similarly to the exchanger 20 of Figure 3 (which comprises a plate 221).
• the second end of each manifold 53 opens into a connection element as described above in connection with Figures 2 and 3, and referenced 4 in these figures.
• the connecting element of the heat exchanger 5 does not communicate with the tank 541 of phase change material, but only with the tank 551 heat transfer fluid.
• the connecting element makes it possible to connect the heat transfer fluid dynamic circuit 513 of the exchanger 5 with the overall circulation circuit of the thermal control device 2 of FIG. 9.
• the implementation within a same tube 51, of a phase change material and a heat transfer fluid allows the heat exchanger 5 to have improved thermal reactivity by compared to a conventional heat exchanger.
• the high thermal reactivity of the heat exchanger 5 thus makes it possible to better manage / absorb the temperature variations so as to maintain the electric cells 10 of the battery 1 at an optimum temperature.
• the connecting element 4 makes it possible to connect a heat exchanger according to the invention with one or two adjacent heat exchangers.
• the joining of two adjacent heat exchangers 20 is effected by simple interlocking of the inlet 42E and outlet 42S conduits of the first exchanger with the inlet 42E and outlet 42S conduits of the second exchanger.
• the inlet ducts 42E and the outlet 42S heat transfer fluid each comprise a male portion 421 and a female portion 422.
• connection element intended to connect the thermal control device 2 to the coolant circulation circuit of the vehicle (not shown).
• heat exchangers 20 according to the invention are implemented in a supply assembly E as illustrated in FIG. 9, it is possible to provide that the heat exchangers located at each end of the assembly do not have only one row of tubes.
• clamping means 6 can exert their compression force directly on the row of tubes of these end heat exchangers which is in contact with an electric cell 10.
• the thermal regulation device 2 is able to implement:
• heat exchangers 3 of the first type that is to say comprising only a circulation circuit of a heat transfer fluid
• heat exchangers 5 of the second type that is to say comprising a circulation circuit for a heat transfer fluid and a storage circuit for a phase change material;
• the thermal control device 2 can therefore easily be modulated according to the desired thermal performance.
• the heat exchangers can absorb and / or restore the energy released by each electrical cell 10 of the battery 1 so as to regulate the temperature of the latter optimally.
• the heat exchangers comprise five multichannel tubes so as to propose a circulation of the coolant in a so-called "I" circuit.
• a heat exchanger according to the invention is preferably anodized in order to ensure the electrical insulation of the heat exchanger with respect to the electric cells 10 of the battery 1.
• a spacer (not shown) of very small thickness can be disposed between the tubes of a heat exchanger according to the invention and the electrical cells 10 in contact with these tubes.
• This interlayer for example of the "pad” silicone type, improves the thermal contact and electrical insulation between the tubes of a row and the corresponding electrical cells without altering the heat exchange between these two elements.
• the heat transfer fluid used in the invention may be of the refrigerant type, that is to say a mixture of water and gas, or a cooling liquid, that is to say a mixture of water and glycol.
• the phase change material has, for example, a melting temperature in the range of 20 ° C to 25 ° C, preferably in a temperature difference range of 5 ° C to 7 ° C.
• phase change material is selected from paraffins, hydrated salts and eutectic compounds.
• the phase change material acts as a thermal energy reservoir.
• the heat transfer fluid conductively controls the phase changes of the material stored in adjacent channels.
• the solid state it stores, without changing state, the thermal energy.
• phase change material When the temperature of the phase change material reaches the melting temperature, the phase change material changes to the liquid state and the heat is then stored in latent form.
• phase change material changes from the liquid state to the solid state.
• the electric cells 10 forming the battery 1 are preferably of the parallelepipedic type.

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• 2017
  • 2017-01-06 FR FR1750139A patent/FR3061764B1/fr active Active
  • 2017-12-18 WO PCT/FR2017/053655 patent/WO2018127641A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2017-12-18 DE DE112017006744.8T patent/DE112017006744T5/de active Pending

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