WO2018120280A1 - 坐底式水上平台及其水上运输安装方法 - Google Patents

坐底式水上平台及其水上运输安装方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018120280A1
WO2018120280A1 PCT/CN2017/070229 CN2017070229W WO2018120280A1 WO 2018120280 A1 WO2018120280 A1 WO 2018120280A1 CN 2017070229 W CN2017070229 W CN 2017070229W WO 2018120280 A1 WO2018120280 A1 WO 2018120280A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
platform
water
seated
movable water
buoyancy
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PCT/CN2017/070229
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
苏汉明
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广东海上城建控股发展有限公司
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Publication of WO2018120280A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018120280A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B17/02—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B17/04—Equipment specially adapted for raising, lowering, or immobilising the working platform relative to the supporting construction
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0039—Methods for placing the offshore structure
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0039—Methods for placing the offshore structure
    • E02B2017/0047—Methods for placing the offshore structure using a barge
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0056—Platforms with supporting legs
    • E02B2017/0073—Details of sea bottom engaging footing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a bottom-mounted movable steel mixed structure water platform (referred to as a bottom-bottom platform), in particular to a bottom-mounted movable steel-concrete structure marine artificial island platform, which is a marine artificial island platform belonging to the field of marine engineering equipment. .
  • offshore platforms mainly include offshore oil platforms (such as self-elevating offshore oil platforms, semi-submersible offshore oil platforms, etc.), floating marine steel structure platforms, self-elevating steel structures, marine island reef platforms, and concrete glare marine fixation. platform.
  • the offshore oil platform is mainly used as offshore oil.
  • the floating marine steel structure platform and the self-elevating steel structure marine island reef platform are mainly used as a rapid island for military or civilian use.
  • the known concrete offshore fixed platform is a fixed artificial island for military or civilian use. It is not applicable as a marine city construction, marine tourism project construction, military or civil marine workstation construction oil and gas platform.
  • the floating marine steel structure platform and the self-elevating steel structure marine island reef platform are expensive and have a short service life.
  • the concrete offshore fixed platform has low cost and long service life, which is very advantageous.
  • offshore fixed platforms need to be piled and fixed, which requires a certain offshore construction period, which is difficult if it needs to be moved. This has led to the construction of many marine tourism projects and the construction of military or civilian marine workstations. Therefore, there is a need for an offshore platform that is low in cost, long in service life, short in construction period on the sea, fast into islands, and easy to move when moving.
  • the bottom-mounted platform is a bottom-mounted movable steel-concrete marine artificial island platform developed for this demand.
  • a bottom-mounted movable water platform in particular a bottom-mounted movable steel-concrete marine artificial island platform, comprising:
  • each buoyancy cylinder structure includes The upper platform structure is operatively connected to the heightened cylinder structure, the buoyancy cylinder structure provided with the ballast water tank, and the buoyancy cylinder base structure, and the ballast water tank of the upper platform structure and the buoyancy cylinder structure can be selected Drainage is provided to cause the water platform to float in the water, and the buoyancy cylinder base structure can be anchored into the bottom of the water such that the water platform is fixed relative to the bottom of the water.
  • the buoyancy cylinder base structure is provided with a picket for anchoring into the bottom of the water.
  • the picket piles are a plurality of steel pipe tip piles arranged in a comb arrangement.
  • the height adjustment barrel structure is nested and mounted on the fixed ring plate structure at the upper end of the buoyancy barrel structure.
  • the height adjustment barrel structure comprises an elevated steel cylinder and an elevated lifting structure for lifting the heightening steel cylinder, wherein the upper end flange of the heightening steel cylinder and the upper platform structure The steel flanges at the bottom are connected via connecting bolts.
  • the level of the seated movable water platform can be selectively adjusted via the four buoyancy cylinder structures.
  • the buoyancy cylinder base structure is provided with a high-pressure water pipe joint for spraying high-pressure water to the bottom of the water when the seat-type movable water platform is floating.
  • the buoyancy cylinder structure is a steel-concrete structure
  • the buoyancy cylinder base structure is a steel structure, and the two are welded together.
  • the height adjustment barrel structure further includes an elevation block for fixing a height at which the height adjustment steel cylinder is lifted.
  • the upper platform structure comprises an upper platform of a concrete structure, which is a multi-layer beam-slab structure, the upper platform has a length and width dimension of 50 meters x 50 meters, and the four buoyancy cylinder structures are located at the upper portion Near the four corners of the platform structure.
  • the upper platform structure is further provided with a detachable pontoon on a side facing the water surface, the pontoon being capable of selectively providing buoyancy to the seated movable water platform.
  • a method of transporting the above-described bottom-mounted movable water platform on water, particularly at sea comprising:
  • the bottom-mounted movable water platform is carried by a pontoon and translated into a barge or semi-submersible boat by a skateboard and a slide.
  • the barge or semi-submersible ship sinks, so that the pontoon and the seat bottom type
  • the mobile water platform floats on the water
  • the pontoon is submerged so that the bottom-mounted movable water platform floats on the water;
  • the barge or semi-submersible ship sinking can be performed simultaneously with the pontoon water drop.
  • the ballast water tank of the bottom-mounted movable water platform is filled with water to cause the bottom-mounted movable water platform to sink.
  • the seated movable water platform sinking is moved to a predetermined location before the seated movable water platform sinks.
  • the seated movable water platform is sunk so that the buoyancy cylinder base structure of the seated movable water platform can be inserted into a predetermined depth in the underwater base surface.
  • the seated mobile water platform is leveled by:
  • the construction work is performed on the seated movable water platform, and the water volume of the ballast water tank is synchronously reduced according to the progress of the construction project and the engineering load.
  • the ballast water tank of the seated movable water platform is drained outward, so that the seated movable water platform can float.
  • the buoyancy cylinder base structure of the seated movable water platform is sprayed toward the bottom of the water so that the seated movable water platform is floating.
  • the bottom-mounted movable type is carried on the water by using a floating tank capable of selectively floating and floating. Water platform.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of a seated movable steel structure water platform according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the height adjustment cylinder section of the seated water platform of Figure 1;
  • Figures 3a and 3b are schematic views showing the towed transport of the seated water platform of the present invention at sea in the field of marine engineering equipment;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the separation of the seated water platform of Figures 3a and 3b from the tug;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the separation of the bottom-mounted water platform from the floating tank
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the displacement of the seated water platform on the water installation
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing the completion of installation of a seated water platform.
  • the seated water platform mentioned in this manual can be used not only in the field of marine engineering equipment, but also in any water engineering equipment.
  • the seated water platform of the present invention can be used as a bottom-mounted movable steel-concrete marine artificial island platform.
  • the bottom-mounted movable steel-concrete structure water platform (top view) has a size of 50 m x 50 m.
  • the bottom-mounted movable steel mixed structure water platform mainly comprises an upper platform structure 1 and four buoyancy cylinder structures 2 .
  • the upper platform structure 1 is generally 50 meters by 50 meters in length and width, and the four buoyancy cylinder structures 2 are located near the four corners of the upper platform structure 1.
  • each buoyancy cylinder structure 2 generally includes a raised tubular section structure 21, a buoyant cylinder section structure 22, and a buoyancy cylinder base comb pile structure 23.
  • the upper platform structure 1 is constructed of steel-concrete structure.
  • the upper platform is a one-to-two and three-story beam-slab structure. It is a concrete structure with ballast water tanks, fresh water tanks, sewage tanks and passages, garages, rooms and public equipment rooms.
  • the connection between the bottom of the upper platform and the four buoyancy cylinder structures 2 is achieved by a steel structure.
  • the bottom platform is supported by four buoyancy cylinder structures 2, and the buoyancy cylinder structure 2 is a steel-concrete structure.
  • the height-adjusting cylinder structure 21 can adjust the level of the plane on the seat-down platform by using the height-adjusting lifting mechanism.
  • the hollow cylinder of the buoyancy cylinder structure 22 can pressurize the seawater to sink the bottom platform, so that the buoyancy cylinder base comb structure 23 of the four buoyancy cylinder structures 2 sits on the sea floor.
  • the buoyancy cylinder base comb pile structure 23 is a steel structure.
  • the bottom platform absorbs the characteristics of the self-elevating offshore oil platform or the self-lifting steel structure ocean island reef platform and the concrete marine fixed platform:
  • the second is to absorb the marine jack-up oil platform or the self-lifting steel structure island reef platform to lift the upper platform through several pile leg lifting mechanisms, and pressurize several piles by the upper platform.
  • the legs insert the legs into the sea floor to support the upper platform and the fixed platform.
  • the upper platform When moving, the upper platform can be lowered to the sea surface by the pile leg lifting mechanism, and the pile leg portion inserted into the sea bottom can be extracted by spraying high pressure water and the leg lifting mechanism to achieve the movable feature.
  • the sit-down platform integrates the features of these two types of platforms, innovating the main features of the following general aspects and the features described in the main structures below:
  • the upper platform structure of the bottom platform is made of steel-concrete structure.
  • the upper platform is one to two and three.
  • the multi-slab beam structure is a concrete structure with ballast water tank, fresh water tank, sewage tank and passage, garage and room. And public equipment rooms, etc.
  • the built-in ballast water tank is used to pressurize the seawater in the ballast seawater tank to adjust the load on the four buoyancy cylinder structures 2 (ie, apply pressure) during the installation process.
  • the four buoyancy cylinder structures 2 are hollow cylindrical steel-concrete structures, which are equivalent to several pile legs of a self-lifting oil platform or a self-lifting steel structure island reef platform, supporting the upper platform structure and the upper building.
  • the main feature is that the hollow cylinder acts as a ballast water tank, and the seabed is pressurized by the seawater to sink the bottom platform, and the buoyancy cylinder base of the four buoyancy cylinder structures 2 is seated on the seafloor base 200. .
  • the seated platform is sunk by pressurizing the seawater in the hollow cylinder of the four buoyancy cylinder structures 2, and the buccal structure of the buoyancy cylinder base is seated on the seabed base surface 200,
  • the buoyancy cylinder base comb structure 23 of the four buoyancy cylinder structures is inserted into the subsea surface 200 by pressurizing the water carrying tank inside the upper platform.
  • the design 23 is inserted into the design depth within the subsea surface 200 to achieve the foundation bearing requirements and the fixed platform. And maintain a test time as the acceptance data for the installation of the bottom platform.
  • This method is equivalent to the self-lifting oil platform or the self-lifting steel structure island reef platform, by pushing the upper platform of the pile leg to pressurize the pile leg, and insert the leg into the seabed base surface.
  • the level of the upper platform can be adjusted by adjusting the structure of the cylinder.
  • the method is as follows: the height-adjusting and lifting mechanism of the four height-adjusting tubular structure 21 is synchronously raised and raised, and the top is raised to a certain set pressure (the purpose is to make the set pressures of the four buoyancy cylinder structures substantially the same)
  • the lifting mechanism of the lifting height is required to continue to pressurize the lifting, and the level of the upper flange surface of the four heightening steel cylinders is substantially the same, and the four buoyancy cylinder structures 22 are received.
  • the pressure is basically the same.
  • the height-adjusting lifting mechanism is a kind of tooling equipment used in the installation of the bottom-mounted platform, not the equipment on each bottom-mounted platform, which is much larger than the self-lifting oil platform or the self-lifting steel structure island platform.
  • the lifting mechanism of the self-lifting oil platform or the self-lifting steel structure island reef platform is the equipment installed on the platform, and the lifting mechanism, the gear and the rack, and the lifting and locking system are installed on each platform, so The ascending oil platform or the self-lifting steel structure island reef platform is expensive.
  • the bottom platform When the bottom platform needs to be moved, it can also float like a jack-up oil platform or a self-elevating steel structure island reef platform.
  • the utility model is characterized in that: the ballast water tank inside the upper platform and the ballast seawater in the hollow cylinder of the four buoyancy cylinder structures 2 are discharged to the ballast seawater according to the design procedure of the floating movement (equal to the external ballast), so that the bottom is bottomed.
  • the platform generates upward buoyancy (equivalent to a jack-up oil platform or a self-elevating steel island reef platform that pulls up the legs through the lifting mechanism).
  • the high-pressure water jet equipment is used to spray high-pressure water from the pipelines in the buoy-type structure of the buoyancy cylinder base of the four buoyancy cylinders to the seabed, so that the buccal-bed structure 23 of the buoyancy cylinder base of the four buoyancy cylinder structures 2 is more easily separated from the seafloor foundation. Face 200.
  • the ballast water tank in the ballast tank and the four cylinders of the two buoyancy cylinder structures 2 discharge the ballast seawater in accordance with the design procedure of the floating movement, until the bottom platform is fully floated. Then use the tug to move the bottom platform and then transport it to a new installation point by sea.
  • the upper platform structure 1 mainly supports the building above the platform and is the conversion layer of the building load above the platform.
  • the distance between the bottom surface of the upper platform structure 1 and the sea surface 100 i.e., the height from the sea surface
  • the upper platform structure 1 can be designed into 1 to 3 layers according to the application.
  • the inner layer can be mainly designed with ballast water tank, fresh water tank, sewage tank, etc.; the second or third floor can be arranged inside the design passage, garage, room and public equipment room. Wait. Design vegetable farms can also be arranged.
  • the upper platform structure 1 mainly has the following features.
  • the upper platform structure 1 is internally arranged to design a ballast seawater tank.
  • the ballast seawater tank is used to adjust the load on the four buoyancy cylinder structures 2 during installation (ie, applying pressure).
  • the seawater is pressed into the hollow cylinder of the four buoyancy cylinder structures 2 to sink to the seabed base surface, and the ballast water tank inside the upper platform structure 1 is pressurized with water.
  • the buoyancy cylinder base comb pile structure 23 of the four buoyancy cylinder structures 2 is inserted into the subsea base surface 200, and is pressurized according to the load requirement of the building above the seat bottom platform, so that the buoyancy cylinder base of the four buoyancy cylinder structures 2 is combed.
  • the pile structure 23 is inserted into the design depth of the subsea base 200 to meet the foundation bearing requirements, and a test time is maintained as the acceptance data for the seated platform installation.
  • This method is equivalent to the self-lifting oil platform or the self-lifting steel structure island reef platform, by pushing the upper platform of the pile leg to pressurize the pile leg, and insert the leg into the seabed base surface.
  • the upper platform is mainly made of concrete structure, which has low cost and corrosion resistance.
  • the concrete structure is heavier than the steel structure, and here is an advantage to pressurize the four buoyancy cylinder structures 2.
  • the characteristic is: the bottom of the upper platform structure 1 and the upper steel flange connection of the upper steel tube steel structure 21 of the four buoyancy cylinder structure 2, also adopts a steel structure cylinder welded steel flange, convenient and buoyancy cylinder structure 2
  • the upper steel flange is connected by high-strength bolt 214 (Fig. 2), and the whole seat-type movable steel-concrete structure artificial island platform is assembled in the prefabrication factory to reduce the on-site construction and installation workload.
  • the four buoyancy cylinder structures 2 are each composed of three parts: an elevated cylinder section structure 21, a buoyancy cylinder section structure 22, and a buoyancy cylinder base comb pile structure 23.
  • the total height of the buoyancy cylinder structure 2 is based on the height of the seafloor base surface 200 of the installation point of the buoyancy cylinder structure to the height of the sea surface 100, plus the safety distance between the bottom surface of the upper platform structure 1 and the sea surface 100, plus the design of the buoyancy cylinder base comb pile type.
  • the depth of the structure 23 inserted into the subsea surface 200 and the margin are determined comprehensively.
  • H1 the height of the seabed base elevation of the buoyancy cylinder structure 2 to the sea surface
  • H2 the safety distance between the bottom surface of the upper platform structure 1 and the sea surface 100;
  • the feature is that the height-adjusting barrel structure 21 is nested and mounted on a fixed ring plate structure at the upper end of the inner portion of the buoyancy barrel structure 22.
  • the buoyancy cylinder section structure 22 is a steel-concrete structure, and the bottom end is welded to the buoyancy cylinder base comb pile structure 23.
  • the height-adjusting cylinder structure 21 is a steel structure, and generally includes an elevated steel cylinder 211, an elevated lifting mechanism 212, an elevated block 213, and a high-strength bolt 214.
  • the feature is: when the whole platform is in the process of offshore installation, when one side of the upper platform or a certain angle is not horizontal, the level of the upper platform can be adjusted by adjusting the tubular structure 21 .
  • the method is: the height raising and lowering mechanism 212 of the four height adjusting tubular structure 21 synchronously raises the heightening steel cylinder 211, and rises to a certain set pressure (the purpose is to set the pressure of the four buoyancy cylinder structures 2) Basically consistent), the leveling of one side or a certain angle needs to be raised, and the lifting mechanism 212 continues to pressurize the jacking, and the level of the upper flange surface of the four heightening steel cylinders 211 is substantially the same, (2) four The pressure of the buoyancy cylinder structure is basically the same.
  • the feature is that the height adjustment pad 213 is an elastic support, and the height adjustment pad 213 is placed according to the height adjustment lifting gap.
  • the high-strength bolt 214 is a high-strength bolt that connects the upper platform structure 1 and the four buoyancy cylinder structures 2 to form a unitary bottom platform.
  • the buoyancy cylinder structure 22 is an intermediate cylinder structure of the buoyancy cylinder structure 2, which is a steel-concrete structure and is a hollow cylinder structure, and the main function is to store ballast seawater as a regulation ballast and buoyancy.
  • B1 is characterized in that: during the installation process of the bottom-bottom platform, the seated platform sinking and the buoyancy cylinder base pile-type structure are seated on the submarine base 200 by pressurizing the seawater in the hollow cylinder of the four buoyancy cylinder structures 2. . According to the load requirements of the building above the bottom platform, the ballast water tank inside the upper platform and the hollow cylinders of the four buoyancy cylinder structures are continuously pressurized to carry the seawater, so that the buoyancy cylinder base of the four buoyancy cylinder structures has a comb pile structure. 23 The depth of design inserted into the subsea surface 200 reaches the foundation bearing requirements and the fixed platform.
  • the buoyancy cylinder base comb pile structure 23 is a steel structure, and the buoyancy cylinder base is a circular or rectangular box type steel structure, and a steel round pipe tip pile is arranged on the base of the buoyancy cylinder according to a comb arrangement.
  • the base of the buoyancy cylinder is a circular or rectangular plane that contacts the subsea surface to increase the contact area.
  • the steel pipe tip pile installed in the comb arrangement is easier to insert into the subsea surface. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the picket of the buoyancy cylinder base can also be provided in any other suitable material and/or form, and is also not limited to a comb arrangement.
  • the feature is: the buoyancy cylinder base comb pile structure 23 is a steel structure welded together with the buoyancy cylinder joint structure 22.
  • the feature is: the buoyancy cylinder base is a circular or rectangular box-type steel structure, and the steel round pipe tip pile is installed on the base of the buoyancy cylinder according to the comb arrangement.
  • the base of the buoyancy cylinder is a circular or rectangular plane that contacts the subsea surface to increase the contact area.
  • the steel pipe tip pile installed in the comb arrangement is easier to insert into the subsea surface.
  • a buoyancy cylinder base comb structure 23 is arranged with a high pressure water pipe joint.
  • the pipe of the high-pressure water jet equipment is connected with the high-pressure water pipe joint arranged in the pile structure 23 of the buoyancy cylinder base, and the high-pressure water is sprayed from the pipe in the pile-type structure of the buoyancy cylinder to the sea bottom.
  • the buccal cylinder base structure is more easily detached from the seabed base.
  • the bottom platform is designed to reduce the amount of on-site construction and installation work. Prefabrication and integral assembly of parts is required in prefabricated factories.
  • the method of applying slip is to translate the seated platform to a barge or semi-submersible vessel 505 for maritime transport using a sled 503 and a slide 504. Then, a tugboat 300 is used to tow in the forward direction, and two tugboats 400 are used to assist balance and steering on both sides, as shown in Fig. 3b. If you use a semi-submersible ship, you don't need a tugboat.
  • the overall height of the lower end of the buccal structure 23 of the buoyancy cylinder base from the upper platform structure 1 to the buoyancy cylinder structure 2 is relatively high. If the bottom of the upper platform structure 1 of the bottom platform is placed directly on the deck of the barge or semi-submersible vessel, the large tribe of the buoyancy cylinder structure 2 will be brought into the water, so that the water depth of the navigation channel is required to be deep during the transportation process, which will cause maritime transportation. Limited.
  • the method adopts placing and fixing the floating box 501 and the bracket 502 on the sliding plate 503 in advance to raise the bottom platform to the height required for maritime transportation when the bottom platform is integrally assembled. On the one hand, it satisfies the water depth requirement of the sea transportation process and reduces the water resistance; on the other hand, it facilitates the integral assembly of the upper platform structure 1 and the buoyancy cylinder structure 2.
  • the use of the pontoon 501 and the bracket 502 to raise the bottom platform to the height required for maritime transportation requires comprehensive safety considerations in all aspects.
  • the pontoon 501 has other functions: the buoyancy of the pontoon is designed according to the size of the bottom-mounted platform that requires a floating force when installed at sea. In addition, the main dimensions of the pontoon should be designed according to the water depth of the sea. And the pontoon 501 is designed with ballast water tanks and empty tanks, as well as a sea water pump system with added ballast water reduction, which can adjust the buoyancy and floating state of the pontoon as needed.
  • the first step when the barge or semi-submersible 505 hauls the bottom platform through the tugboat to the installed sea area, the barge or semi-submersible boat 505 itself is pressurized and the seawater sinks, and the barge or semi-submersible boat 505 is always sunk to
  • the buoyancy of the pontoon 501 and the buoyancy of the four buoyancy cylinder structures 2 of the bottom platform can be self-floating at sea, at which time the barge or semi-submersible 505 and the skateboard 503 and the pontoon 501 begin to disengage, and then the barge is used to bring the barge The 505 and the skateboard 503 are pulled out and removed. See Figure 4 for details. Or, the semi-submersible ship exits by itself.
  • the second step the pontoon 501 itself is pressurized and the seawater sinks and sinks until it is seated.
  • the buoyancy of the four buoyancy cylinder structures 2 of the platform can self-float at sea, at which time the pontoon 501 and the bracket 502 begin to disengage from the bottom platform, and then the pontoon 501 and the bracket 502 are pulled out and removed by the tug. See Figure 5 for details.
  • the first step and the second step together to directly let the barge or semi-submersible ship and the pontoon pressurized seawater sink from the bottom platform.
  • the buoyancy of the four buoyancy cylinder structures 2 of the bottom platform is self-floating at sea, and then the pontoon 501, the bracket 502, the skateboard 503, the slide 504, and the barge 505 are pulled out and removed together by a tug. Or the semi-submersible ship quits on its own.
  • the third step the bottom platform is assisted to move to the position of the mounting point by the tug, and the bottom platform is sunk and the buoyancy cylinder base is piled by pressing the seawater in the hollow cylinder of the four buoyancy cylinder structures 2 Sit on the base of the sea. And according to the load requirements of the building above the bottom platform, continue to pressurize the seawater in the ballast tank inside the upper platform and the hollow cylinder in the structure of the four buoyancy cylinders, so that the buoyancy cylinder base of the four buoyancy cylinder structures 2 is comb-type
  • the design 23 is inserted into the design depth within the subsea surface 200 to achieve the foundation bearing requirements and the fixed platform. See Figure 6 and Figure 7 for details.
  • Step 4 Continue to pressurize the seawater in the ballast tank inside the upper platform and the hollow cylinder in the structure of the four buoyancy cylinders according to the load requirements of the building above the bottom platform. And maintain a test time as the acceptance data for the installation of the bottom platform.
  • This method is equivalent to the self-lifting oil platform or the self-lifting steel structure island reef platform, by pushing the upper platform of the pile leg to pressurize the pile leg, and insert the leg into the seabed base surface.
  • Step 5 When the bottom platform is installed in the sea, if one side or one corner of the upper platform is not horizontal (ie, one or two to three buoyancy cylinder structures 2, the buoyancy tube base comb pile structure is inserted into the sea bottom The depth and the original design calculation value change), the level of the upper platform can be adjusted by raising the barrel structure 21.
  • the method is: the height raising and lowering mechanism 212 of the four height adjusting cylinder structure 21 synchronously raises the heightening steel cylinder 211, and rises to a certain set pressure (the purpose is to make the set pressure of the four buoyancy cylinder structures 2 basically Consistently, the leveling of one or a certain angle needs to be raised.
  • the lifting mechanism 212 continues to pressurize and rise to the level of the upper end of the four heightening cylinders 211.
  • the level of the flange surface is substantially the same, and the four buoyancy cylinder structures 2
  • the pressure is basically the same.
  • the heightening pad 213 and the connecting high strength bolt 214 are installed.
  • Step 6 Start to install the construction above the bottom platform, according to the installation plan Degree and calculation plan to install the load of the construction project, synchronously reduce the ballast water of the ballast tank inside the upper platform and the ballast seawater in the hollow cylinder of the four buoyancy cylinder structures 2. Until the construction of the bottom platform is completed. Control the pressure of the bottom platform on the submarine surface within the design range.
  • Step 7 After the installation of the construction project on the bottom platform is completed and under normal use, the settlement changes of the four buoyancy cylinder structures 2 are monitored at any time, and the height and pressure of the height adjustment cylinder structure 21 of the buoyancy cylinder structure 2 are adjusted in time. Ensure the safety of the bottom platform.
  • the bottom platform When the bottom platform needs to be moved, it can also float like a jack-up oil platform or a self-lifting steel island reef platform.
  • the first step is to discharge the ballast water in the ballast tank inside the upper platform and the ballast water in the hollow cylinder of the four buoyancy cylinders according to the design procedure of the floating movement (equivalent to unloading the ballast), so that the bottom platform can be generated.
  • Upward buoyancy (equivalent to a self-elevating oil platform or a self-elevating steel structure island reef platform with a lifting mechanism up the pile legs).
  • Step 2 High-pressure water jet equipment is used to spray high-pressure water from the pipeline in the buoy-type structure of the buoyancy cylinder base of the four buoyancy cylinders to the bottom of the sea, so that the buccal structure of the buoyancy cylinder base of the four buoyancy cylinder structures is more easily separated from the seabed. Base surface.
  • the third step by continuously discharging the ballast water in the ballast tank inside the upper platform and the ballast seawater in the hollow cylinder of the four buoyancy cylinder structures according to the design procedure of the floating movement, the bottom platform is fully floated. until.
  • Step 4 Use the tug to move the seated platform.
  • the bottom-mounted platform is then transported to the new installation sea area for re-installation using the above-mentioned maritime transport method.

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Abstract

一种坐底式可移动水上平台以及水上平台的运输安装和拆移的方法，包括：上部平台结构（1）；以及用于支承所述上部平台结构（1）的四个浮力筒结构（2），其中，所述上部平台结构（1）设有压载水箱，每个浮力筒结构（2）包括与所述上部平台结构（1）操作性连接的调高筒节结构（21）、设有压载水箱的浮力筒节结构（22）、以及浮力筒底座结构（23），所述上部平台结构（1）的和所述浮力筒结构（2）的压载水箱能够选择性充注或排出水，以使得所述水上平台在水中沉浮，并且所述浮力筒底座结构（23）能够锚固到水底中，以便选择性将所述水上平台固定于水底。

Description

坐底式水上平台及其水上运输安装方法 技术领域
本发明涉及坐底式可移动钢混结构水上平台(简称坐底式平台)，其特别是坐底式可移动钢混结构海洋人工岛平台，是属于海洋工程装备领域的一种海洋人工岛平台。
背景技术
目前，海洋平台主要有海洋石油平台(如自升式海洋石油平台、半潜式海洋石油平台等等)、浮式海洋钢结构平台、自升式钢结构海洋岛礁平台和混凝土强光海洋固定平台。海洋石油平台主要作为海洋石油开采用。浮式海洋钢结构平台、自升式钢结构海洋岛礁平台主要作为军用或民用的快速成岛。已知的混凝土海洋固定平台作为军用或民用的固定式人工岛，作为海洋城市建设、海洋旅游项目建设、军用或民用海洋工作站建设油气平台不适用。浮式海洋钢结构平台和自升式钢结构海洋岛礁平台造价贵和使用寿命短，混凝土海洋固定平台造价低和使用寿命长，很有优势。但海洋固定平台要打桩固定，需要一定的海上施工周期，如果需要移动则很困难。使得有很多海洋旅游项目建设、军用或民用海洋工作站建设受到局限。因此需要一种造价低、使用寿命长、海上施工周期短、快速成岛、需要移动的时候又可以方便移动的海洋平台。坐底式平台就是为这种需求而开发的一种坐底式可移动钢混结构海洋人工岛平台。
发明内容
根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种坐底式可移动水上平台、特别是坐底式可移动钢混结构海洋人工岛平台，包括：
上部平台结构；以及
用于支承所述上部平台结构的四个浮力筒结构，
其中，所述上部平台结构设有压载水箱，每个浮力筒结构包括与 所述上部平台结构操作性连接的调高筒节结构、设有压载水箱的浮力筒节结构、以及浮力筒底座结构，所述上部平台结构的和所述浮力筒结构的压载水箱能够选择性注排水，以使得所述水上平台在水中沉浮，并且所述浮力筒底座结构能够锚固到水底中，以便所述水上平台相对于水底固定。
可选地，所述浮力筒底座结构设有尖桩，用于锚固到水底中。特别地，所述尖桩为梳式布置的多个钢管尖桩。
可选地，所述调高筒节结构嵌套安装在所述浮力筒节结构的上端的固定环板结构上。
可选地，所述调高筒节结构包括调高钢筒以及用于顶升所述调高钢筒的调高升降结构，所述调高钢筒的上端法兰与所述上部平台结构的底部的钢法兰经由连接螺栓相连。
可选地，所述坐底式可移动水上平台的水平度能够经由所述四个浮力筒结构被选择性调节。
可选地，所述浮力筒底座结构中设有高压水管接头，用于在所述坐底式可移动水上平台上浮时，向水底喷射高压水。
可选地，所述浮力筒节结构是钢混结构，所述浮力筒底座结构是钢结构，二者焊接在一起。
可选地，所述调高筒节结构还包括调高垫块，用于固定所述调高钢筒被顶升的高度。
可选地，所述上部平台结构包括混凝土结构的上部平台，其为多层梁板结构，所述上部平台具有50米×50米的长宽尺寸，所述四个浮力筒结构位于所述上部平台结构的四个角部附近。
可选地，所述上部平台结构在朝向水面的一侧上还设有能够拆卸的浮箱，所述浮箱能够选择性为所述坐底式可移动水上平台提供浮力。
根据本发明的另一个方面，还提供了一种上述坐底式可移动水上平台在水上、特别是在海上运输安装的方法，包括：
在预制工厂预制并整体拼装所述坐底式可移动水上平台；以及
利用浮箱承载所述坐底式可移动水上平台并通过滑板和滑道将其整体平移到驳船或半潜船上。
可选地，在所述坐底式可移动水上平台经由所述驳船或半潜船被运输到特定水域后，所述驳船或半潜船下沉，从而所述浮箱以及所述坐底式可移动水上平台自浮于水上；以及
移走所述驳船或半潜船。
可选地，所述浮箱注水下沉，以使得所述坐底式可移动水上平台自浮于水上；以及
移走所述浮箱。
可选地，所述驳船或半潜船下沉与所述浮箱注水下沉能够同时进行。
可选地，所述坐底式可移动水上平台的压载水箱注水，以使得所述坐底式可移动水上平台下沉。
可选地，在所述坐底式可移动水上平台下沉之前，所述坐底式可移动水上平台下沉被移动到一预定的地点。
可选地，所述坐底式可移动水上平台下沉，以使得所述坐底式可移动水上平台的浮力筒底座结构能够插入到水底基面内的预定深度。
可选地，通过以下措施调平所述坐底式可移动水上平台：
同步顶升所述坐底式可移动水上平台的所有调高钢筒至一设定压力；
对某一个调高钢筒继续顶升，直到所有调高钢筒的上端法兰面水平度一致以及所述坐底式可移动水上平台的所有浮力筒结构受到的压力一致。
可选地，在所述坐底式可移动水上平台上进行建筑工程，并依据建筑工程的进度和工程量荷载，同步减排所述压载水箱的水量。
根据本发明的另一个方面，还提供了一种拆移上述的坐底式可移动水上平台的方法，包括：
使得所述坐底式可移动水上平台的压载水箱向外排水，从而所述坐底式可移动水上平台能够上浮。
可选地，自所述坐底式可移动水上平台的浮力筒底座结构朝向水底喷水，以便所述坐底式可移动水上平台上浮。
可选地，利用能够选择性沉浮的浮箱在水上承载所述坐底式可移 动水上平台。
附图说明
从后述的详细说明并结合下面的附图将能更全面地理解本发明的前述及其它方面。需要指出的是，各附图的比例出于清楚说明的目的有可能不一样，但这并不会影响对本发明的理解。在附图中：
图1示出了根据本发明一个实施例的坐底式可移动钢混结构水上平台的示意图；
图2示出了图1中的坐底式水上平台的调高筒节的示意图；
图3a和3b示意性示出了在海洋工程装备领域中本发明的坐底式水上平台在海上拖航运输的示意图；
图4示意性示出了图3a和3b中的坐底式水上平台与拖轮分离的示意图；
图5示意性示出了坐底式水上平台与浮箱分离的示意图；
图6示意性示出了坐底式水上平台在水上安装移位的示意图；以及
图7示意性示出了坐底式水上平台安装完成的示意图。
具体实施方式
在本发明的各附图中，结构相同或功能相似的特征由相同的附图标记表示。
首先需要指出的是本说明书中所提到的坐底式水上平台不仅可以在海洋工程装备领域中采用，还可以在任何水域工程装备中采用。例如，本发明的坐底式水上平台可以作为坐底式可移动钢混结构海洋人工岛平台使用。
根据本发明的一个实施例，坐底式可移动钢混结构水上平台(俯视看)具有50米×50米的尺寸。如图1所示，坐底式可移动钢混结构水上平台主要包括上部平台结构1和四个浮力筒结构2。上部平台结构1大体上为50米×50米的长宽尺寸，并且四个浮力筒结构2位于上部平台结构1的四个角部附近。
进一步如图1所示，每个浮力筒结构2大体上包括调高筒节结构21、浮力筒节结构22和浮力筒底座梳桩式结构23。
上部平台结构1采用钢混结构构建，上部平台为一至二、三多层梁板结构，是混凝土结构，内设压载水箱、淡水箱、污水箱和通道、车库、房间和公共设备房等。上部平台底部与四个浮力筒结构2的连接处是采用钢结构实现。坐底式平台利用四个浮力筒结构2作支撑，浮力筒结构2是钢混结构，调高筒节结构21利用调高升降机构可以调整坐底式平台上平面的水平度。例如，浮力筒节结构22的空心圆筒可以加压载海水，使坐底式平台下沉，这样四个浮力筒结构2的浮力筒底座梳桩式结构23坐到海底。浮力筒底座梳桩式结构23是钢结构。
坐底式平台吸收了自升式海洋石油平台或自升式钢结构海洋岛礁平台和混凝土海洋固定平台的特点：一是吸收了混凝土海洋固定平台通过四个圆筒结构支撑上部平台，不用填海、透水、造价低的特点；二是吸收了海洋自升式石油平台或自升式钢结构岛礁平台通过几根桩腿升降机构顶升上部平台，又通过上部平台自重加压几根桩腿使桩腿插入海底，达到支撑上部平台和固定平台。移动时可通过桩腿升降机构把上部平台降至海面能浮，并通过喷射高压水和桩腿升降机构抽出插入海底的桩腿部分，达到可移动的特点。坐底式平台集成了这两种类型平台的特点，创新了如下总体方面的主要特征以及下面各项主要结构描述到的特征：
1、坐底式平台的上部平台结构1是采用钢混结构，上部平台为一至二、三多层梁板结构是混凝土结构，内设压载水箱、淡水箱、污水箱和通道、车库、房间和公共设备房等。特别是内设压载水箱，对压载海水箱加压载海水是调节坐底式平台在安装过程中对四个浮力筒结构2施加荷载(即施加压力)用。
2、四个浮力筒结构2是空心圆筒形钢混结构，等同于自升式石油平台或自升式钢结构岛礁平台的几根桩腿，支撑上部平台结构和上部建筑。主要特征是空心圆筒作为压载水箱，对空心圆筒内加压载海水使坐底式平台下沉，四个浮力筒结构2的浮力筒底座梳桩式结构23坐到海底基面200上。
3、坐底式平台安装过程中通过对四个浮力筒结构2的空心圆筒内加压载海水使坐底式平台下沉，浮力筒底座梳桩式结构23坐到海底基面200，又通过对上部平台内部的压载水箱加压载水使四个浮力筒结构的浮力筒底座梳桩式结构23插入到海底基面200内。并按照坐底式平台上面建筑的荷载要求继续对上部平台内部的压载水箱和四个浮力筒结构2的空心圆筒内加压载海水，使四个浮力筒结构的浮力筒底座梳桩式结构23插入到海底基面200内的设计深度，达到基础承受力要求和固定平台。并且保压一个试验时间作为坐底式平台安装的验收数据。这种方法等同于自升式石油平台或自升式钢结构岛礁平台通过桩腿顶升上部平台达到对桩腿加压，使桩腿插入海底基面内。
4、坐底式平台在海上安装过程中当出现上部平台某一边或某一角不水平时，可以通过调高筒节结构进行调节上部平台的水平度。方法是：四个调高筒节结构21的调高升降机构同步顶升调高钢筒，顶升到一定的设定压力(目的是让四个浮力筒结构的受到的设定压力基本一致)，对某一边或某一角的水平度需要顶升的调高升降机构继续加压顶升，至四个调高钢筒的上端法兰面水平度基本一致，四个浮力筒结构22的受到的压力基本一致。这里，调高升降机构是坐底式平台安装施工中用的一种工装设备，不是每个坐底式平台上的装备，比自升式石油平台或自升式钢结构岛礁平台有很大不同，自升式石油平台或自升式钢结构岛礁平台的升降机构是安装在平台上的设备，每个平台上都要安装升降机构、齿轮和齿条，以及升降锁紧系统，所以自升式石油平台或自升式钢结构岛礁平台造价昂贵。
5、坐底式平台需要搬迁移动时，也可以像自升式石油平台或自升式钢结构岛礁平台一样起浮移动。特征是：把上部平台内部的压载水箱和四个浮力筒结构2的空心圆筒内的压载海水按照起浮移动的设计程序往外排放压载海水(等于往外卸压载)，使坐底式平台产生向上浮力(等同于自升式石油平台或自升式钢结构岛礁平台通过升降机构往上抽桩腿)。并通过高压水喷射装备从四个浮力筒结构的浮力筒底座梳桩式结构内的管道往海底喷射高压水，使四个浮力筒结构2的浮力筒底座梳桩式结构23更容易脱离海底基面200。通过不断把上部平台内 部的压载水箱和四个浮力筒结构2的空心圆筒内的压载海水按照起浮移动的设计程序往外排放压载海水，达到坐底式平台完全起浮为止。再用拖轮把坐底式平台移动，然后通过海上运输到新的安装点安装使用。
上部平台结构1主要支撑平台上面建筑，是平台上面建筑载荷的转换层。上部平台结构1的底面与海面100的距离(即距离海面的高度)要按安装平台的海域最大风暴的浪高安全设计。上部平台结构1可根据用途设计成1至3层，一层内部主要可布置设计压载水箱、淡水箱、污水箱等；二层或三层内部可布置设计通道、车库、房间和公共设备房等。也可布置设计蔬菜种植场。上部平台结构1主要具有以下特征。
A、特征是：上部平台结构1内部布置设计压载海水箱。压载海水箱是调节坐底式平台在安装过程中对四个浮力筒结构2施加荷载(即施加压力)用。坐底式平台安装过程中通过对四个浮力筒结构2的空心圆筒内加压载海水使其下沉坐到海底基面，又通过对上部平台结构1内部的压载水箱加压载水使四个浮力筒结构2的浮力筒底座梳桩式结构23插入到海底基面200内，是按照坐底式平台上面建筑的荷载要求加压，使四个浮力筒结构2的浮力筒底座梳桩式结构23插入到海底基面200内的设计深度，达到基础承受力要求，并且保压一个试验时间作为坐底式平台安装的验收数据。这种方法等同于自升式石油平台或自升式钢结构岛礁平台通过桩腿顶升上部平台达到对桩腿加压，使桩腿插入海底基面内。
B、特征是：上部平台主要采用混凝土结构，成本低和耐腐蚀。另外，混凝土结构比钢结构重，在这里是一个优势起到对四个浮力筒结构2加压的作用。
C、特征是：上部平台结构1底部与四个浮力筒结构2的调高筒节钢结构21上端面钢法兰连接处，也是采用一段钢结构圆筒焊接钢法兰，方便与浮力筒结构2上端钢法兰用高强螺栓214(图2)连接，在预制工厂拼装整个坐底式可移动钢混结构海洋人工岛平台，减少海上现场施工安装工作量。
四个浮力筒结构2每个是由调高筒节结构21、浮力筒节结构22和浮力筒底座梳桩式结构23三大部分组成。浮力筒结构2的总高度要根据浮力筒结构的安装点海底基面200标高到海面100的高度、加上上部平台结构1底面与海面100的安全距离、再加上设计浮力筒底座梳桩式结构23插入海底基面200的深度以及裕度综合确定。
浮力筒结构2的总高度H:H＝h1+h2+h3+h4
h1——浮力筒结构2的安装点海底基面标高到海面的高度；
h2——上部平台结构1底面与海面100的安全距离；
h3——浮力筒底座梳桩式结构23插入海底基面200的深度；
h4——安全裕度。
特征是：调高筒节结构21嵌套安装在浮力筒节结构22内部上端的一个固定环板结构上。浮力筒节结构22是钢混结构，底端与浮力筒底座梳桩式结构23是焊接。
A、调高筒节结构21
如图2所示，调高筒节结构21是钢结构，大体上包括调高钢筒211、调高升降机构212、调高垫块213、以及连接高强螺栓214。
A1、特征是：整个平台在海上安装过程中当出现上部平台某一边或某一角不水平时，可以通过调高筒节结构21进行调节上部平台的水平度。方法是：四个调高筒节结构21的调高升降机构212同步顶升调高钢筒211，顶升到一定的设定压力(目的是让四个浮力筒结构2的受到的设定压力基本一致)，对某一边或某一角的水平度需要顶升的调高升降机构212继续加压顶升，至四个调高钢筒211的上端法兰面水平度基本一致，(2)四个浮力筒结构的受到的压力基本一致。
A2、特征是：调高垫块213是弹性支座，根据调高顶升间隙放入调高垫块213。
A3、特征是：连接高强螺栓214是把上部平台结构1与四个浮力筒结构2连接形成一个整体坐底式平台的高强螺栓。
B、浮力筒节结构22
浮力筒节结构22是浮力筒结构2的一个中间筒节结构，是钢混结构，是一个空心圆筒结构，主要作用是储存压载海水作为调节压载和 浮力。
B1、特征是：坐底式平台安装过程中通过对四个浮力筒结构2的空心圆筒内加压载海水使坐底式平台下沉和浮力筒底座梳桩式结构坐到海底基面200。并按照坐底式平台上面建筑的荷载要求继续对上部平台内部的压载水箱和四个浮力筒结构的空心圆筒内加压载海水，使四个浮力筒结构的浮力筒底座梳桩式结构23插入到海底基面200内的设计深度，达到基础承受力要求和固定平台。
C、浮力筒底座梳桩式结构23
浮力筒底座梳桩式结构23是钢结构，浮力筒底座是一个圆形或矩形的箱式钢结构，浮力筒底座上按梳式布置安装有钢圆管尖桩。浮力筒底座是一个圆形或矩形的平面与海底基面接触可以增加接触面积，按梳式布置安装的钢圆管尖桩更容易插入到海底基面内。本领域技术人员应当清楚浮力筒底座的尖桩也能够以任何其他合适的材质和/或形式设置，并且也不限于梳式布置安装。
C1、特征是：浮力筒底座梳桩式结构23是钢结构与浮力筒节结构22焊接在一起。
C2、特征是：浮力筒底座是一个圆形或矩形的箱式钢结构，浮力筒底座上按梳式布置安装有钢圆管尖桩。浮力筒底座是一个圆形或矩形的平面与海底基面接触可以增加接触面积，按梳式布置安装的钢圆管尖桩更容易插入到海底基面内。
C3、特征是：浮力筒底座梳桩式结构23内布置有高压水管接头。在坐底式平台准备上浮时，把高压水喷射装备的管子与浮力筒底座梳桩式结构23内布置的高压水管接头连接，从浮力筒底座梳桩式结构内的管道往海底喷射高压水，使浮力筒底座梳桩式结构更容易从海底基面脱离。
坐底式平台海上运输和安装方法
(一)坐底式平台水上(海上)运输方法
坐底式平台为了减少海上现场施工和安装工作量。要在预制工厂进行部件预制和整体拼装。
例如，参照中国专利申请No.201410136970.4(“预应力混凝土海 洋固定平台整体拼装平移装置和方法”)中提到的技术进行坐底式平台的整体拼装和平移。
如图3a所示，应用滑移的方法是利用滑板503和滑道504将坐底式平台平移到海上运输的驳船或半潜船505上。然后用一艘拖轮300在前进方向拖航，用两艘拖轮400在两侧辅助平衡和转向，详见图3b。如果采用半潜船运输就不需要拖轮了。
因坐底式平台拼装成整体后，由上部平台结构1到浮力筒结构2的浮力筒底座梳桩式结构23下端总体高度较高。如果坐底式平台的上部平台结构1底部直接放在驳船或半潜船的甲板上则会使浮力筒结构2的大部落入水下，使运输过程对航道的水深要求较深，会使海上运输受到局限。
本方法采取在坐底式平台整体拼装时预先在滑板503上放置和固定浮箱501和支架502把坐底式平台抬高至海上运输要求的高度。一方面满足海上运输过程的水深要求和减少水阻力；另一方面也方便上部平台结构1与浮力筒结构2的整体拼装。利用浮箱501和支架502把坐底式平台抬高至海上运输要求的高度要综合各方面因素全面安全考虑。
浮箱501除了上述的作用，还具有其它作用：根据坐底式平台在海上安装时需要浮托力的大小设计浮箱的浮力。另外，要根据海域的水深情况设计浮箱的主要外形尺寸。并且浮箱501设计有压载海水舱和空舱，以及安装有加减排压载海水的海水泵系统，可以根据需要调节浮箱的浮力和浮态。
(二)海上安装方法
第一步：在驳船或半潜船505通过拖轮把坐底式平台拖运到安装的海域时，驳船或半潜船505本身加压载海水下沉，驳船或半潜船505一直下沉至利用浮箱501的浮力和坐底式平台的四个浮力筒结构2的浮力能自浮在海上，这时，驳船或半潜船505和滑板503与浮箱501开始脱离，然后用拖轮把驳船505和滑板503拉出和移走。详见图4。或者，半潜船自己退出。
第二步：浮箱501本身加压载海水下沉，一直下沉至利用坐底式 平台的四个浮力筒结构2的浮力能自浮在海上，这时，浮箱501和支架502与坐底式平台开始脱离，然后用拖轮把浮箱501和支架502拉出和移走。详见图5。
当然，如果海域水深和环境等条件安全，也可以把上述第一步和第二步合拼一起做，直接让驳船或半潜船和浮箱加压载海水下沉脱离坐底式平台，利用坐底式平台的四个浮力筒结构2的浮力自浮在海上，然后用拖轮把浮箱501、支架502、滑板503、滑道504和驳船505一起拉出和移走。或半潜船自己退出。
第三步：坐底式平台通过拖轮协助移动到安装座标点位置，通过对四个浮力筒结构2的空心圆筒内加压载海水使坐底式平台下沉和浮力筒底座梳桩式结构坐到海底基面。并按照坐底式平台上面建筑的荷载要求继续对上部平台内部的压载水箱和四个浮力筒结构的空心圆筒内加压载海水，使四个浮力筒结构2的浮力筒底座梳桩式结构23插入到海底基面200内的设计深度，达到基础承受力要求和固定平台。详见图6和图7。
第四步：按照坐底式平台上面建筑的荷载要求继续对上部平台内部的压载水箱和四个浮力筒结构的空心圆筒内加压载海水。并且保压一个试验时间作为坐底式平台安装的验收数据。这种方法等同于自升式石油平台或自升式钢结构岛礁平台通过桩腿顶升上部平台达到对桩腿加压，使桩腿插入海底基面内。
第五步：坐底式平台在海上安装过程中如果出现上部平台某一边或某一角不水平时(即某一个或二至三个浮力筒结构2的浮力筒底座梳桩式结构插入到海底的深度与原设计计算值出现变化)，可以通过调高筒节结构21进行调节上部平台的水平度。方法是：四个调高筒节结构21的调高升降机构212同步顶升调高钢筒211，顶升到一定的设定压力(目的是让四个浮力筒结构2受到的设定压力基本一致)，对某一边或某一角的水平度需要顶升的调高升降机构212继续加压顶升至四个调高钢筒211的上端法兰面水平度基本一致，四个浮力筒结构2的受到的压力基本一致。最后是安装调高垫块213和连接高强螺栓214。
第六步：开始安装坐底式平台上面建筑工程，根据安装的计划进 度和计算计划安装建筑工程量的荷载，同步减排上部平台内部的压载水箱的压载海水以及四个浮力筒结构2的空心圆筒内的压载海水。直至坐底式平台上面建筑工程安装完工。控制坐底式平台对海底基面的压力在设计范围内。
第七步：坐底式平台上面建筑工程安装完工后和正常使用的情况下，随时监测四个浮力筒结构2的沉降变化，及时调整浮力筒结构2的调高筒节结构21高度和压力，确保坐底式平台的安全。
(三)坐底式平台海上拆迁移动方法
当坐底式平台需要拆迁移动时，也可以像自升式石油平台或自升式钢结构岛礁平台那样起浮移动。
第一步：把上部平台内部的压载水箱和四个浮力筒结构的空心圆筒内的压载海水按照起浮移动的设计程序往外排放(等于往外卸压载)，使坐底式平台产生向上浮力(等同于自升式石油平台或自升式钢结构岛礁平台通过升降机构往上抽桩腿)。
第二步：通过高压水喷射装备从四个浮力筒结构的浮力筒底座梳桩式结构内的管道往海底喷射高压水，使四个浮力筒结构的浮力筒底座梳桩式结构更容易脱离海底基面。
第三步：通过不断把上部平台内部的压载水箱和四个浮力筒结构的空心圆筒内的压载海水按照起浮移动的设计程序往外排放压载海水，达到坐底式平台完全起浮为止。
第四步：再用拖轮把坐底式平台移动。然后用上述海上运输方法逆向操作把坐底式平台运输到新的安装海域重新安装使用。
尽管这里详细描述了本发明的特定实施方式，但它们仅仅是为了解释的目的而给出的，而不应认为它们对本发明的范围构成限制。在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，各种替换、变更和改造可被构想出来。

Claims (23)

  1. 一种坐底式可移动水上平台、特别是坐底式可移动钢混结构海洋人工岛平台，包括：
    上部平台结构；以及
    用于支承所述上部平台结构的四个浮力筒结构，
    其中，所述上部平台结构设有压载水箱，每个浮力筒结构包括与所述上部平台结构操作性连接的调高筒节结构、设有压载水箱的浮力筒节结构、以及浮力筒底座结构，所述上部平台结构的和所述浮力筒结构的压载水箱能够选择性注排水，以使得所述水上平台在水中沉浮，并且所述浮力筒底座结构能够锚固到水底中，以便所述水上平台相对于水底固定。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的坐底式可移动水上平台，其特征在于，所述浮力筒底座结构设有尖桩，用于锚固到水底中。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的坐底式可移动水上平台，其特征在于，所述调高筒节结构嵌套安装在所述浮力筒节结构的上端的固定环板结构上。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的坐底式可移动水上平台，其特征在于，所述调高筒节结构包括调高钢筒以及用于顶升所述调高钢筒的调高升降结构，所述调高钢筒的上端法兰与所述上部平台结构的底部的钢法兰经由连接螺栓相连。
  5. 根据前述权利要求任一所述的坐底式可移动水上平台，其特征在于，所述坐底式可移动水上平台的水平度能够经由所述四个浮力筒结构被选择性调节。
  6. 根据前述权利要求任一所述的坐底式可移动水上平台，其特征 在于，所述浮力筒底座结构中设有高压水管接头，用于在所述坐底式可移动水上平台上浮时，向水底喷射高压水。
  7. 根据前述权利要求任一所述的坐底式可移动水上平台，其特征在于，所述浮力筒节结构是钢混结构，所述浮力筒底座结构是钢结构，二者焊接在一起。
  8. 根据权利要求4所述的坐底式可移动水上平台，其特征在于，所述调高筒节结构还包括调高垫块，用于固定所述调高钢筒被顶升的高度。
  9. 根据前述权利要求任一所述的坐底式可移动水上平台，其特征在于，所述上部平台结构包括混凝土结构的上部平台，其为多层梁板结构，所述上部平台具有50米×50米的长宽尺寸，所述四个浮力筒结构位于所述上部平台结构的四个角部附近。
  10. 根据前述权利要求任一所述的坐底式可移动水上平台，其特征在于，所述上部平台结构在朝向水面的一侧上还设有能够拆卸的浮箱，所述浮箱能够选择性为所述坐底式可移动水上平台提供浮力。
  11. 根据权利要求2至10任一所述的坐底式可移动水上平台，其特征在于，所述尖桩为梳式布置的多个钢管尖桩。
  12. 一种根据权利要求1至11任一所述的坐底式可移动水上平台在水上、特别是在海上运输安装的方法，包括：
    在预制工厂预制并整体拼装所述坐底式可移动水上平台；以及
    利用浮箱承载所述坐底式可移动水上平台并通过滑板和滑道将其整体平移到驳船或半潜船上。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述坐底式可 移动水上平台经由所述驳船或半潜船被运输到特定水域后，所述驳船或半潜船下沉，从而所述浮箱以及所述坐底式可移动水上平台自浮于水上；以及
    移走所述驳船或半潜船。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于，所述浮箱注水下沉，以使得所述坐底式可移动水上平台自浮于水上；以及
    移走所述浮箱。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的方法，其特征在于，所述驳船或半潜船下沉与所述浮箱注水下沉能够同时进行。
  16. 根据权利要求14或15所述的方法，其特征在于，所述坐底式可移动水上平台的压载水箱注水，以使得所述坐底式可移动水上平台下沉。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述坐底式可移动水上平台下沉之前，所述坐底式可移动水上平台下沉被移动到一预定的地点。
  18. 根据权利要求16或17所述的方法，其特征在于，所述坐底式可移动水上平台下沉，以使得所述坐底式可移动水上平台的浮力筒底座结构能够插入到水底基面内的预定深度。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的方法，其特征在于，通过以下措施调平所述坐底式可移动水上平台：
    同步顶升所述坐底式可移动水上平台的所有调高钢筒至一设定压力；
    对某一个调高钢筒继续顶升，直到所有调高钢筒的上端法兰面水平度一致以及所述坐底式可移动水上平台的所有浮力筒结构受到的压 力一致。
  20. 根据权利要求17至19任一所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述坐底式可移动水上平台上进行建筑工程，并依据建筑工程的进度和工程量荷载，同步减排所述压载水箱的水量。
  21. 一种拆移权利要求1至11任一所述的坐底式可移动水上平台的方法，包括：
    使得所述坐底式可移动水上平台的压载水箱向外排水，从而所述坐底式可移动水上平台能够上浮。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的方法，其特征在于，自所述坐底式可移动水上平台的浮力筒底座结构朝向水底喷水，以便所述坐底式可移动水上平台上浮。
  23. 根据权利要求21或22所述的方法，其特征在于，利用能够选择性沉浮的浮箱在水上承载所述坐底式可移动水上平台。
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