WO2018119809A1 - 一种ups系统智能管理方法 - Google Patents

一种ups系统智能管理方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018119809A1
WO2018119809A1 PCT/CN2016/112827 CN2016112827W WO2018119809A1 WO 2018119809 A1 WO2018119809 A1 WO 2018119809A1 CN 2016112827 W CN2016112827 W CN 2016112827W WO 2018119809 A1 WO2018119809 A1 WO 2018119809A1
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Prior art keywords
load
capacity
ups
total
power supply
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PCT/CN2016/112827
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李姗姗
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李姗姗
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Priority to PCT/CN2016/112827 priority Critical patent/WO2018119809A1/zh
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H02J3/14—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
    • H02J3/144—Demand-response operation of the power transmission or distribution network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/50—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads
    • H02J2310/56—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads characterised by the condition upon which the selective controlling is based
    • H02J2310/58—The condition being electrical
    • H02J2310/60—Limiting power consumption in the network or in one section of the network, e.g. load shedding or peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y02B70/3225—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
    • Y04S20/222—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of electricity, and in particular to an intelligent management method for a UPS system.
  • UPS Uninterruptible Power System/Uninterruptible Power Supply
  • a battery mostly a lead-acid maintenance-free battery
  • a module circuit such as a host inverter.
  • It is mainly used to provide stable and uninterrupted power supply to a single computer, computer network system or other power electronic equipment such as solenoid valves, pressure transmitters, etc.
  • the UPS supplies the mains voltage to the load for use.
  • the UPS is an AC-type electric regulator, and it also charges the battery inside the machine; when the mains is interrupted (accident blackout) At the same time, the UPS immediately supplies the 220V AC power to the load through the inverter switching method, so that the load maintains normal operation and protects the load soft and hardware from damage.
  • UPS equipment typically provides protection against excessive voltage or low voltage.
  • UPS is aimed at the reliability requirements of power grids for China's power grid environment and network monitoring and network systems, medical systems, etc., and overcomes the increasingly harsh environment of power grids caused by centralized power supply of medium and large computer network systems.
  • the UPS power system consists of five parts: main circuit, bypass, battery and other power input circuits, AC/DC converter rectifier (REC), DC/AC conversion inverter (INV), inverter and bypass output. Switch circuits and energy storage batteries.
  • the voltage regulation function of the system is usually completed by a rectifier.
  • the rectifier device uses a thyristor or high-frequency switching rectifier, and has a function of controlling the output amplitude according to changes in external power. When the external power changes (the change should meet the system requirements), the output voltage is basically constant.
  • the purging function is completed by the energy storage battery. Since the rectifier can not eliminate the transient pulse interference, the rectified voltage still has interference pulses.
  • the energy storage battery In addition to the function of storing DC direct energy, the energy storage battery is like a large-capacity capacitor connected to the rectifier.
  • the equivalent capacitance is proportional to the capacity of the energy storage battery. Since the voltage across the capacitor cannot be abruptly changed, that is, the smoothing characteristic of the capacitor is used to eliminate the pulse interference, and the purification function is also used, which is also called the shielding of the interference.
  • the stability of the frequency is done by the converter, and the frequency stability depends on the stability of the oscillation frequency of the converter. In order to facilitate the daily operation and maintenance of the UPS power system, the system work switch, the automatic bypass switch after the host self-test fault, and the bypass switch such as the bypass switch are controlled.
  • the working principle of UPS power supply is shown in Figure 1.
  • the load is supplied with power, and at the same time, the energy storage battery is charged.
  • the UPS power supply starts to work, and the energy supply battery supplies the load to the load.
  • the grid voltage is directly rectified to supply power to the load.
  • UPS power is expensive, it is mainly installed in important parts such as government departments, hospitals, and computer centers. Moreover, the price of UPS power is proportional to the total capacity. At present, the total installed capacity of UPS power supply is 50% of the total normal power supply, ensuring the normal operation of the main equipment.
  • the invention provides an intelligent management method for a UPS system, which solves the problem that the installed capacity of the UPS needs to reach 50% of the normal power supply in the prior art, optimizes the assembly of the UPS power supply, and reduces the cost.
  • An intelligent management method for UPS system taking PLC controller as the control core, recording the working state of each relay through PLC controller, and controlling each relay;
  • the system load includes the primary load, the secondary load, the n-level load, and each load is connected to the UPS through a total relay; each load also includes multiple loads, and multiple loads are connected through their separate relays. The total relay of this stage load;
  • the working state of the system load is real-time statistically in the PLC controller.
  • the status register of the PLC controller opens up a separate space, and the corresponding bit is reserved for each load in the system. The system adds a new load, and the staff needs to update the PLC controller in time. Status register; when the load is working, its corresponding position is 1, the load does not work, and its corresponding value is set to 0; the status register is updated in real time, therefore, the PLC controller can monitor each load status in real time;
  • the PLC controller latches the time status register. After the UPS system takes over the system power supply network, it calculates the total real-time load capacity of the system according to the status register, compared with the UPS power supply capacity. If the UPS power supply capacity is higher than the total real-time load capacity of the system.
  • the PLC controller Before the abnormal system load state is maintained, the PLC controller turns on the relay corresponding to each load; if the UPS power capacity is lower than the total real-time load capacity of the system, the PLC controller performs power accumulation on the high priority load according to the priority level, priority If the total load capacity of the high load is lower than the UPS power supply capacity, the load power of the next stage is accumulated until the sum of the total load capacity of the load and the total load capacity of the higher priority is higher than the UPS power supply capacity, and the load of the load is prioritized according to the priority. The trade-off is performed to match the load corresponding to the UPS power supply capacity and the total load capacity.
  • the working state of each load is real-time statistically calculated in the PLC controller.
  • the PLC controller latches the time status register, and after the UPS system takes over the system power supply network, the status is sent according to the status.
  • the total load capacity of the real-time load of the account accounting system is compared with the UPS power supply capacity.
  • the load with the status bit of 1 is added to the rated power of the load registration. If the UPS power supply capacity is higher than the total real-time load capacity of the system, the abnormal system load status is maintained.
  • the PLC controller turns on the relay corresponding to each load; if the UPS power supply capacity is lower than the total real-time load capacity of the system, the PLC controller performs power accumulation on the high-priority load according to the priority level. If the total capacity of the primary load is lower than the UPS power capacity, the load power accumulation of the next stage is performed, and the total load of the secondary load and the primary load is accumulated until the total capacity of the secondary load is accumulated and the total capacity of the primary load is When the UPS power supply capacity is higher than the UPS power supply capacity, the secondary load is selected according to the priority, and the load corresponding to the UPS power supply capacity and the total load capacity requirement is turned on; if the secondary load status bit is 1 and the primary load state is After the load of 1 is accumulated, it is still lower than the UPS power supply capacity, then the accumulation of the three-stage load is performed, and so on, until it is higher than the UPS power. Capacity.
  • the PLC controller sets its corresponding status bit to 0, releases the power supply capacity to the low priority load, and normally accesses when the low level load requires access.
  • the UPS power supply capacity is higher than the sum of all load capacities of the primary load.
  • the present invention proposes an admission and exit mechanism for each load, which enables automatic optimal switching between loads.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the existing UPS power supply
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of an intelligent management method for a UPS system according to the present invention.
  • the existing UPS system does not distinguish between the load, and the UPS power supply intervenes after the power supply is abnormal, and the equipment in the existing work continues to work. Since the power supply equipment in the system does not work at the same time, the installed capacity of the UPS power supply is 50% of the total system capacity, but for users with higher power consumption, 50% of the total system capacity is also a very large number. The price of a UPS power supply can be very expensive.
  • the invention provides an intelligent management method for a UPS system, which classifies a system load, including a primary load, a secondary load, a n-level load, and sets a priority of the load, and adopts an emergency situation hierarchical power supply mode, and
  • the PLC controller obtains the load start situation in real time. After the load with high priority is started, the load of the low priority load is reasonably pushed out to optimize the system power distribution.
  • the UPS system of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings. .
  • the intelligent management method of the UPS system of the present invention takes the PLC controller as the control core.
  • the working status of each relay is recorded by the PLC controller, and each relay is controlled.
  • the system load includes a primary load, a secondary load...n level load, and each stage load is connected to the UPS power supply through a total relay.
  • Each load also includes multiple loads, and multiple of the same level load is connected to the total relay of the stage load through its separate relay.
  • the working state of the system load is real-time statistically in the PLC controller.
  • the status register of the PLC controller opens up a separate space, and the corresponding bit is reserved for each load in the system. The system adds a new load, and the staff needs to update the PLC controller in time. Status register. When the load is working, its corresponding position is 1, the load does not work, and its corresponding is set to 0. The status register is updated in real time, so the PLC controller can monitor each load status in real time.
  • the PLC controller latches the time status register. After the UPS system takes over the system power supply network, it calculates the total real-time load capacity of the system according to the status register, compared with the UPS power supply capacity. If the UPS power supply capacity is higher than the total real-time load capacity of the system.
  • the PLC controller Before the abnormal system load state is maintained, the PLC controller turns on the relay corresponding to each load; if the UPS power capacity is lower than the total real-time load capacity of the system, the PLC controller performs power accumulation on the high priority load according to the priority level, priority If the total load capacity of the high load is lower than the UPS power supply capacity, the load power of the next stage is accumulated until the sum of the total load capacity of the load and the total load capacity of the higher priority is higher than the UPS power supply capacity, and the load of the load is prioritized according to the priority. The trade-off is performed to match the load corresponding to the UPS power supply capacity and the total load capacity.
  • the UPS system of the present invention can implement automatic switching of loads, and the UPS system of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.
  • the intelligent management method of the UPS system of the present invention includes a primary load, a secondary load, and the like.
  • the primary load includes load 111, load 112, ... load 11n
  • secondary load includes load 121, load 122, ... load 12n, ...
  • n-level load includes load 1n1, load 1n2, ... load 1nn.
  • the primary load is connected to the UPS power supply through a total relay 1, and the load 111, the load 112, ... the load 11n are connected to the primary load total relay 1 through the relay 11, the relay 12, ..., the relay 1n, respectively.
  • the secondary load is connected to the UPS power supply through a total relay 2, and the load 121, the load 122, ... the load 12n are connected to the secondary load total relay 2 through the relay 21, the relay 22, ..., the relay 2n, respectively.
  • the n-level load is connected to the UPS power supply through a total relay n, and the load 1n1, the load 1n2, ... the load 1nn are connected to the n-stage load total relay n through the relay n1, the relay n2, ..., the relay nn, respectively.
  • the working status of each load is counted in real time in the PLC controller.
  • the corresponding status bits in the PLC controller are 11110001, that is, the loads 111, 112, 113, 114, 118 work.
  • the loads 115, 116, and 117 do not work;
  • the corresponding status bits in the PLC controller are 11110000, that is, the loads 121, 122, 123, and 124 work, and the loads 125, 126, 127, and 128 do not work.
  • the PLC controller can monitor each load status in real time.
  • the PLC controller latches the time status register. After the UPS system takes over the system power supply network, it calculates the total real-time load capacity of the system according to the status register. Compared with the UPS power supply capacity, the load with the status bit is registered with the load. The rated power is added. If the UPS power supply capacity is higher than the total real-time load capacity of the system, the abnormal system load state is maintained, regardless of the grade, all the loads are running normally, and the PLC controller turns on the relay corresponding to each load; if the UPS power supply capacity is lower than the system Real-time load total capacity, PLC control According to the priority level, the controller performs power accumulation on the load with high priority.
  • the load 111, 112, 113, 114, 118 in the primary load works, and the total rated capacity of the primary load is low after the load rated power is accumulated.
  • the load power of the next stage is accumulated, and the loads 121, 122, 123, and 124 in the secondary load work, and the total load of the second load and the first load are accumulated until the total load of the secondary load is accumulated.
  • the secondary load is selected according to the priority, and the load corresponding to the UPS power capacity and the total load capacity is required to be turned on.
  • the accumulation of the three-stage load is performed, and so on, until it is higher than the UPS power supply capacity.
  • the PLC controller When the high-priority load is used, the PLC controller sets its corresponding status bit to 0, releasing the power supply capacity to the low-priority load, and normally accessing when the low-level load requires access.
  • the UPS power supply capacity is higher than the sum of all load capacities of the primary load.
  • the primary load includes the surgical lighting, the surgical instrument, etc.
  • the secondary load includes part of the corridor lighting, the ward lighting, and the tertiary load includes other lighting.
  • the PLC controller of the invention selects Siemens S7-300, and its parameters are as follows:
  • the number of digits is 1024 points
  • Siemens S7-300 has strong control functions and strong computing power. It can not only complete general logic operations, but also complete complex trigonometric functions, exponents and PID operations. It works faster and can input and output.
  • the number of modules is also relatively large, and the types of input and output modules are also relatively large, and the processing tasks of the present invention can be completed in time and accurately.
  • the relay of the invention uses an electromagnetic relay, and the electromagnetic relay is composed of an iron core, a coil, an armature, a contact spring and the like. As long as a certain voltage is applied to both ends of the coil, a certain current flows in the coil, thereby generating an electromagnetic effect, and the armature will absorb the pulling force of the return spring against the iron core under the action of the electromagnetic force attraction, thereby driving the armature.
  • the moving contact is in contact with the stationary contact (normally open contact).
  • the electromagnetic suction force also disappears, and the armature returns to the original position in the reaction force of the spring, so that the movable contact and the original static contact (normally closed contact) are released.
  • the relay generally has two circuits, which are a low voltage control circuit and a high voltage working circuit.
  • the low voltage control circuit is controlled by a PLC controller, and the high voltage working circuit is connected to the UPS power supply and the load.
  • the UPS system intelligent management method of the invention can realize the hierarchical control of the UPS power supply load, and each load in each stage load can realize individual control; and the invention proposes the admission and exit mechanism of each load. It can realize automatic optimization switching between loads.

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  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
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Abstract

一种UPS系统智能管理方法，以PLC控制器为控制核心，对各个继电器的工作状态进行记录，并对各个继电器进行控制；系统负载包括一级负载、二级负载……n级负载，每级负载通过一个总继电器连接到UPS电源；每级负载中还包括多个负载，多个同级负载通过其单独的继电器连接到该级负载的总继电器；系统负载的工作状态在PLC控制器中进行实时统计，PLC控制器的状态寄存器开辟单独空间，为系统中每个负载预留相应位，系统添加新的负载，需工作人员及时更新PLC控制器的状态寄存器；负载工作时，其相应位置1，负载不工作，其相应位置0；状态寄存器实时更新，因此，PLC控制器可以实时监控各负载状态，能够实现对UPS 电源供电负载的分级控制和负载间的自动优化切换。

Description

一种UPS系统智能管理方法 技术领域
本发明涉及电学领域，特别涉及一种UPS系统智能管理方法。
背景技术
UPS(Uninterruptible Power System/Uninterruptible Power Supply)，即不间断电源，是将蓄电池(多为铅酸免维护蓄电池)与主机相连接，通过主机逆变器等模块电路将直流电转换成市电的系统设备，主要用于给单台计算机、计算机网络系统或其它电力电子设备如电磁阀、压力变送器等提供稳定、不间断的电力供应。当市电输入正常时，UPS将市电稳压后供应给负载使用，此时的UPS就是一台交流式电稳压器，同时它还向机内电池充电；当市电中断(事故停电)时，UPS立即将电池的直流电能，通过逆变器切换转换的方法向负载继续供应220V交流电，使负载维持正常工作并保护负载软、硬件不受损坏。UPS设备通常对电压过高或电压过低都能提供保护。
UPS是针对中国电网环境和网络监控及网络系统、医疗系统等对电源的可靠性要求，克服中、大型计算机网络系统集中供电所造成的供电电网环境日益恶劣的问题。
UPS电源系统由五部分组成：主路、旁路、电池等电源输入电路，进行AC/DC变换的整流器(REC)，进行DC/AC变换的逆变器(INV)，逆变和旁路输出切换电路以及蓄能电池。其系统的稳压功能通常是由整流器完成的，整流器件采用可控硅或高频开关整流器，本身具有可根据外电的变化控制输出幅度的功能，从而当 外电发生变化时(该变化应满足系统要求)，输出幅度基本不变的整流电压。净化功能由储能电池来完成，由于整流器对瞬时脉冲干扰不能消除，整流后的电压仍存在干扰脉冲。储能电池除可存储直流直能的功能外，对整流器来说就像接了一只大容量电容器，其等效电容量的大小，与储能电池容量大小成正比。由于电容两端的电压是不能突变的，即利用了电容器对脉冲的平滑特性消除了脉冲干扰，起到了净化功能，也称对干扰的屏蔽。频率的稳定则由变换器来完成，频率稳定度取决于变换器的振荡频率的稳定程度。为方便UPS电源系统的日常操作与维护，设计了系统工作开关，主机自检故障后的自动旁路开关，检修旁路开关等开关控制。
UPS电源工作原理如图1所示，电网电压工作正常时给负载供电，而且，同时给储能电池充电；当突发停电时，UPS电源开始工作，由储能电池供给负载所需电源，维持正常的生产；当由于生产需要，负载严重过载时，由电网电压经整流直接给负载供电。
由于UPS电源价格昂贵，主要在政府部分、医院、计算机中心等重要场所配备，而且，UPS电源的价格与总机容量成正比。目前，UPS电源的装机总量为正常供电总量的50％，确保主要设备正常运行。
如何实现UPS电源供电优化，降低UPS电源容量，进而降低成本，是目前亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明提出一种UPS系统智能管理方法，解决了现有技术中UPS装机容量需达到正常供电总量50％的问题，优化了UPS电源的装配，降低了成本。
本发明的技术方案是这样实现的：
一种UPS系统智能管理方法，以PLC控制器为控制核心，通过PLC控制器对各个继电器的工作状态进行记录，并对各个继电器进行控制；
系统负载包括一级负载、二级负载……n级负载，每级负载通过一个总继电器连接到UPS电源；每级负载中还包括多个负载，多个同级负载通过其单独的继电器连接到该级负载的总继电器；
系统负载的工作状态在PLC控制器中进行实时统计，PLC控制器的状态寄存器开辟单独空间，为系统中每个负载预留相应位，系统添加新的负载，需工作人员及时更新PLC控制器的状态寄存器；负载工作时，其相应位置1，负载不工作，其相应为置0；状态寄存器实时更新，因此，PLC控制器可以实时监控各负载状态；
电网异常时，PLC控制器锁存该时刻状态寄存器，UPS系统接管系统供电网络后，根据状态寄存器核算系统实时负载总容量，与UPS电源容量相比较，若UPS电源容量高于系统实时负载总容量，维持异常前系统负载状态，PLC控制器开通各个负载对应的继电器；若UPS电源容量低于系统实时负载总容量，PLC控制器根据优先级高低，对优先级高的负载进行功率累加，优先级高的负载总容量低于UPS电源容量，则进行下一级负载功率累加，直到该级负载总容量与优先级高的负载总容量之和高于UPS电源容量时，对该级负载根据优先级进行取舍，将符合UPS电源容量及负载总容量要求的负载对应继电器开通。
可选地，每个负载的工作状态在PLC控制器中进行实时统计，电网异常时，PLC控制器锁存该时刻状态寄存器，UPS系统接管系统供电网络后，根据状态寄 存器核算系统实时负载总容量，与UPS电源容量相比较，将状态位为1的负载与负载登记的额定功率相加，若UPS电源容量高于系统实时负载总容量，维持异常前系统负载状态，不分等级，全部负载正常运行，PLC控制器开通各个负载对应的继电器；若UPS电源容量低于系统实时负载总容量，PLC控制器根据优先级高低，对优先级高的负载进行功率累加，如果一级负载的总容量低于UPS电源容量，则进行下一级负载功率累加，将二级负载与一级负载功率总量累加，直到二级负载累加的总容量与一级负载总容量之和高于UPS电源容量时，对二级负载根据优先级进行取舍，将符合UPS电源容量及负载总容量要求的负载对应继电器开通；如果二级负载状态位为1的负载与一级负载状态为1的负载累加后，仍然低于UPS电源容量，则进行三级负载的累加，以此类推，直到高于UPS电源容量。
可选地，当优先级高的负载使用结束，则PLC控制器置其相应的状态位为0，释放电源容量给低优先级的负载，当低级别负载要求接入时，正常接入。
可选地，UPS电源容量高于一级负载所有负载容量总和。
本发明的有益效果是：
(1)能够实现对UPS电源供电负载地分级控制，并且每一级负载中的各个负载又能实现单独控制；
(2)本发明提出了各个负载的准入及退出机制，能够实现负载间的自动优化切换。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例 或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为现有的UPS电源工作原理图；
图2为本发明一种UPS系统智能管理方法原理框图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
现有的UPS系统对负载没有区分，电网供电异常后UPS电源介入工作，维持现有工作中的设备继续工作。由于系统中的供电设备不会同一时间全部工作，因此UPS电源的装机容量为系统总容量的50％，但对于用电功率较高的用户而言，系统总容量的50％也是非常巨大的数字，UPS电源的价格会非常昂贵。
本发明提出了一种UPS系统智能管理方法，对系统负载进行分级，包括一级负载、二级负载……n级负载，通过对负载的优先级进行设置，采取应急情况分级供电的方式，并且PLC控制器实时获取负载启动情况，优先级高的负载启动后，对优先级低的负载进行合理的推出机制，达到系统功率分配的最优化，下面结合说明书附图对本发明的UPS系统进行详细说明。
如图2所示，本发明的UPS系统智能管理方法，以PLC控制器为控制核心， 通过PLC控制器对各个继电器的工作状态进行记录，并对各个继电器进行控制。
系统负载包括一级负载、二级负载……n级负载，每级负载通过一个总继电器连接到UPS电源。每级负载中还包括多个负载，多个同级负载通过其单独的继电器连接到该级负载的总继电器。
系统负载的工作状态在PLC控制器中进行实时统计，PLC控制器的状态寄存器开辟单独空间，为系统中每个负载预留相应位，系统添加新的负载，需工作人员及时更新PLC控制器的状态寄存器。负载工作时，其相应位置1，负载不工作，其相应为置0。状态寄存器实时更新，因此，PLC控制器可以实时监控各负载状态。
电网异常时，PLC控制器锁存该时刻状态寄存器，UPS系统接管系统供电网络后，根据状态寄存器核算系统实时负载总容量，与UPS电源容量相比较，若UPS电源容量高于系统实时负载总容量，维持异常前系统负载状态，PLC控制器开通各个负载对应的继电器；若UPS电源容量低于系统实时负载总容量，PLC控制器根据优先级高低，对优先级高的负载进行功率累加，优先级高的负载总容量低于UPS电源容量，则进行下一级负载功率累加，直到该级负载总容量与优先级高的负载总容量之和高于UPS电源容量时，对该级负载根据优先级进行取舍，将符合UPS电源容量及负载总容量要求的负载对应继电器开通。
根据上述负载准入及退出机制，本发明的UPS系统可以实现负载的自动切换，下面结合具体实施例对本发明的UPS系统进行详细说明。
如图2所示，本发明的UPS系统智能管理方法包括一级负载、二级负载……n级负载。
一级负载包括负载111、负载112、……负载11n，二级负载包括负载121、负载122、……负载12n，……，n级负载包括负载1n1、负载1n2、……负载1nn。
一级负载通过一个总继电器1连接到UPS电源，负载111、负载112、……负载11n分别通过继电器11、继电器12、……继电器1n连接到一级负载总继电器1。
二级负载通过一个总继电器2连接到UPS电源，负载121、负载122、……负载12n分别通过继电器21、继电器22、……继电器2n连接到二级负载总继电器2。
n级负载通过一个总继电器n连接到UPS电源，负载1n1、负载1n2、……负载1nn分别通过继电器n1、继电器n2、……继电器nn连接到n级负载总继电器n。
每个负载的工作状态在PLC控制器中进行实时统计，例如，一级负载有8个，在PLC控制器中对应的状态位分别为11110001，即负载111、112、113、114、118工作，负载115、116、117不工作；二级负载有8个，在PLC控制器中对应的状态位分别为11110000，即负载121、122、123、124工作，负载125、126、127、128不工作，以此类推，PLC控制器可以实时监控各负载状态。
电网异常时，PLC控制器锁存该时刻状态寄存器，UPS系统接管系统供电网络后，根据状态寄存器核算系统实时负载总容量，与UPS电源容量相比较，将状态位为1的负载与负载登记的额定功率相加，若UPS电源容量高于系统实时负载总容量，维持异常前系统负载状态，不分等级，全部负载正常运行，PLC控制器开通各个负载对应的继电器；若UPS电源容量低于系统实时负载总容量，PLC控 制器根据优先级高低，对优先级高的负载进行功率累加，例如，一级负载中负载111、112、113、114、118工作，上述负载额定功率累加后，如果一级负载的总容量低于UPS电源容量，则进行下一级负载功率累加，二级负载中负载121、122、123、124工作，将二级负载与一级负载功率总量累加，直到二级负载累加的总容量与一级负载总容量之和高于UPS电源容量时，对二级负载根据优先级进行取舍，将符合UPS电源容量及负载总容量要求的负载对应继电器开通。
如果二级负载状态位为1的负载与一级负载状态为1的负载累加后，仍然低于UPS电源容量，则进行三级负载的累加，以此类推，直到高于UPS电源容量。
当优先级高的负载使用结束，则PLC控制器置其相应的状态位为0，释放电源容量给低优先级的负载，当低级别负载要求接入时，正常接入。
通常情况，UPS电源容量高于一级负载所有负载容量总和，例如一级负载包括手术照明、手术仪器等供电，二级负载包括部分楼道照明、病房照明，三级负载包括其他照明……。
本发明的PLC控制器选用西门子S7-300，其参数如下：
处理速度0.8～1.2ms；
存贮器2k；
数字量1024点；
模拟量128路；
网络PROFIBUS；
工业以太网；
MPI。
西门子S7-300具有较强的控制功能和较强的运算能力，它不仅能完成一般的逻辑运算，也能完成比较复杂的三角函数、指数和PID运算，工作速度比较快，能带的输入输出模块的数量也比较多，输入和输出模块的种类也比较多，能够及时、准确地完成本发明地处理任务。
本发明地继电器选用电磁继电器，电磁继电器由铁芯、线圈、衔铁、触点簧片等组成。只要在线圈两端加上一定的电压，线圈中就会流过一定的电流，从而产生电磁效应，衔铁就会在电磁力吸引的作用下克服返回弹簧的拉力吸向铁芯，从而带动衔铁的动触点与静触点(常开触点)吸合。当线圈断电后，电磁的吸力也随之消失，衔铁就会在弹簧的反作用力返回原来的位置，使动触点与原来的静触点(常闭触点)释放。这样吸合、释放，从而达到了在电路中的导通、切断的目的。对于继电器的“常开、常闭”触点，可以这样来区分：继电器线圈未通电时处于断开状态的静触点，称为“常开触点”；处于接通状态的静触点称为“常闭触点”。继电器一般有两股电路，为低压控制电路和高压工作电路，低压控制电路由PLC控制器控制，高压工作电路连通UPS电源及负载。
本发明的一种UPS系统智能管理方法能够实现对UPS电源供电负载地分级控制，并且每一级负载中的各个负载又能实现单独控制；并且，本发明提出了各个负载的准入及退出机制，能够实现负载间的自动优化切换。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (4)

  1. 一种UPS系统智能管理方法，其特征在于，
    以PLC控制器为控制核心，通过PLC控制器对各个继电器的工作状态进行记录，并对各个继电器进行控制；
    系统负载包括一级负载、二级负载……n级负载，每级负载通过一个总继电器连接到UPS电源；每级负载中还包括多个负载，多个同级负载通过其单独的继电器连接到该级负载的总继电器；
    系统负载的工作状态在PLC控制器中进行实时统计，PLC控制器的状态寄存器开辟单独空间，为系统中每个负载预留相应位，系统添加新的负载，需工作人员及时更新PLC控制器的状态寄存器；负载工作时，其相应位置1，负载不工作，其相应为置0；状态寄存器实时更新，因此，PLC控制器可以实时监控各负载状态；
    电网异常时，PLC控制器锁存该时刻状态寄存器，UPS系统接管系统供电网络后，根据状态寄存器核算系统实时负载总容量，与UPS电源容量相比较，若UPS电源容量高于系统实时负载总容量，维持异常前系统负载状态，PLC控制器开通各个负载对应的继电器；若UPS电源容量低于系统实时负载总容量，PLC控制器根据优先级高低，对优先级高的负载进行功率累加，优先级高的负载总容量低于UPS电源容量，则进行下一级负载功率累加，直到该级负载总容量与优先级高的负载总容量之和高于UPS电源容量时，对该级负载根据优先级进行取舍，将符合UPS电源容量及负载总容量要求的负载对应继电器开通。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种UPS系统智能管理方法，其特征在于，
    每个负载的工作状态在PLC控制器中进行实时统计，电网异常时，PLC控制 器锁存该时刻状态寄存器，UPS系统接管系统供电网络后，根据状态寄存器核算系统实时负载总容量，与UPS电源容量相比较，将状态位为1的负载与负载登记的额定功率相加，若UPS电源容量高于系统实时负载总容量，维持异常前系统负载状态，不分等级，全部负载正常运行，PLC控制器开通各个负载对应的继电器；若UPS电源容量低于系统实时负载总容量，PLC控制器根据优先级高低，对优先级高的负载进行功率累加，如果一级负载的总容量低于UPS电源容量，则进行下一级负载功率累加，将二级负载与一级负载功率总量累加，直到二级负载累加的总容量与一级负载总容量之和高于UPS电源容量时，对二级负载根据优先级进行取舍，将符合UPS电源容量及负载总容量要求的负载对应继电器开通；如果二级负载状态位为1的负载与一级负载状态为1的负载累加后，仍然低于UPS电源容量，则进行三级负载的累加，以此类推，直到高于UPS电源容量。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的一种UPS系统智能管理方法，其特征在于，
    当优先级高的负载使用结束，则PLC控制器置其相应的状态位为0，释放电源容量给低优先级的负载，当低级别负载要求接入时，正常接入。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的一种UPS系统智能管理方法，其特征在于，
    UPS电源容量高于一级负载所有负载容量总和。
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