WO2018114266A1 - Ensemble pare-balles - Google Patents

Ensemble pare-balles Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018114266A1
WO2018114266A1 PCT/EP2017/080942 EP2017080942W WO2018114266A1 WO 2018114266 A1 WO2018114266 A1 WO 2018114266A1 EP 2017080942 W EP2017080942 W EP 2017080942W WO 2018114266 A1 WO2018114266 A1 WO 2018114266A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ballistic
assembly
hole
resistant
fastening means
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2017/080942
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Harm Van Der Werff
Ruben BROUNS
Original Assignee
Dsm Ip Assets B.V.
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dsm Ip Assets B.V. filed Critical Dsm Ip Assets B.V.
Publication of WO2018114266A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018114266A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0471—Layered armour containing fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0414—Layered armour containing ceramic material
    • F41H5/0428—Ceramic layers in combination with additional layers made of fibres, fabrics or plastics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0442—Layered armour containing metal
    • F41H5/0457—Metal layers in combination with additional layers made of fibres, fabrics or plastics

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a ballistic-resistant assembly comprising a stack of flexible sheets, at least one of which flexible sheets comprises a layer of unidirectionally oriented fibers and which flexible sheets are fastened by a series of mechanical fastening means.
  • the invention further relates to a ballistic-resistant article and ballistic- resistant vest comprising said assembly, and to a method of making an assembly.
  • Ballistic-resistant assemblies comprising a stack of flexible sheets held together by mechanical fastening means are known.
  • One measure of the effectiveness of a ballistic-resistant assembly is V 5 o.
  • V 5 o is a measurement of speed of a projectile at which there is a 50% chance of penetration of the target material.
  • the development of ever stronger fibers and better energy absorption in unidirectionally oriented ballistic-resistant materials has meant that ballistic-resistant assemblies may be built thinner and lighter for a given target V 5 o. This, however, typically increases the problem of back face deformation.
  • Back face deformation also known as back face signature or back target distortion
  • back face signature refers to the deformation of the back surface of a ballistic-resistant assembly or article against the target object, for example the body of the wearer upon impact of a projectile.
  • An impacting projectile for example a bullet
  • An impacting projectile may be stopped by the assembly, that is it may not fully penetrate or pierce the material, but it may as a result of its high impacting energy and shock, and resulting local deformation still result in serious injuries to the body or internal organs of a wearer; commonly referred to as blunt trauma or simply as trauma.
  • a characteristic of materials showing high back face deformation is a high degree of delamination.
  • a known solution to back face deformation is stitching layers together.
  • Such a ballistic-resistant assembly is known from US 3971072.
  • This patent publication discloses lightweight armour containing an assembly of a thin metal outer shell and a stack of a plurality of flexible layers of a ballistic fabric formed of woven continuous filament yarns, which layers are interconnected across their entire area by connecting or securing means, for example stitches, extending along continuous paths, which paths are spaced no greater than three-fourth of an inch (19 mm) and no less than one-eighth of an inch (3,2 mm).
  • WO2015/061072A1 describes an antiballistic panel comprising a consolidated stack comprising a first layer of unidirectionally oriented yarns, a second layer of unidirectionally oriented yarns oriented at an angle to the first layer, wherein the layers are joined by stitching at an angle to both layers of yarns, and a
  • thermoplastic or thermoset binding resin and the panel also comprises a viscoelastic thermoplastic resin.
  • a general problem with stitching sheets of a ballistic-resistant assembly is that the process of stitching introduces a defect into the ballistic-resistant sheet. If a projectile strikes the hole created by the needle, it may penetrate the sheet easily.
  • WO2006/002977 states that dense stitching reduces flexibility and ballistic resistance. It teaches that back face deformation of a ballistic-resistant article may be reduced by stitching from 5 to 50% of the flexible sheets at the rear of a stack of materials.
  • a particular drawback of the assembly known from WO2006/002977 is that it has a relatively high areal density and it has a large number of needle-holes, which on the one hand means it is heavy; and on the other hand increases the chance that a projectile will strike a needle hole.
  • V 5 o of an assembly of ballistic resistant sheets is reduced at the position of any hole created by stitching through the assembly.
  • the reduction in V 5 o can be large because a hole derived from stitching is oriented through all the layers stitched at a single superimposed point through all the layers.
  • the effectiveness of a ballistic-resistant article is therefore typically reduced by stitching. Accordingly, the skilled person is prompted to choose between optimizing a thin, lightweight assembly either for a high V 5 o or for low back face deformation.
  • the problem is observed to be particularly pronounced in stitched sheets comprising unidirectionally oriented fibers, rather than those comprising stitched woven fibers or flat tapes.
  • the present invention provides a ballistic-resistant assembly comprising a stack of flexible sheets, at least one of which flexible sheets comprises at least one layer comprising a network of unidirectionally oriented fibers and a bonding matrix, wherein all flexible sheets in the assembly are connected by a series of mechanical fastening means comprising a hole, characterized in that:
  • V 5 o (Hole) is the V 5 o in which the trajectory of a ballistic projectile impacting the assembly passes through a hole of said mechanical fastening means;
  • V 5 o (Assembly) is the V 5 o in which the trajectory of an identical ballistic projectile impacting the assembly is at least 2 cm from any hole of said mechanical fastening means;
  • V 5 o is measured by taking the average of two highest velocity non-penetrations and two lowest velocity penetrations.
  • the ballistic-resistant assembly according to the invention provides improved energy absorption as a result of higher V 5 o over known stitched ballistic- resistant assemblies. Compared with assemblies which do not employ a mechanical fastening means such as stitching, the present invention reduces back-face deformation (and thus blunt trauma) without addition of extra layers, while maintaining acceptable flexibility.
  • the present invention further provides a ballistic-resistant assembly comprising a stack of flexible sheets, at least one of which flexible sheets comprises at least one layer comprising a network of unidirectionally oriented fibers and a bonding matrix, wherein all flexible sheets in the assembly are connected by a series of mechanical fastening means comprising a hole, characterized in that the hole of the mechanical fastening means has an average largest diameter of at most 1.2 mm; wherein average largest diameter is the average of the largest diameter of each of at least 8 holes, each hole measured at each of the front face and the back face of the assembly.
  • the present invention further provides a process for producing a ballistic-resistant assembly as described herein, comprising:
  • the ballistic-resistant assembly comprises a stack of flexible sheets.
  • flexible is meant a sheet which when held on a flat support with 20 cm of the sheet protruding from the support bends down under its own weight, with the outer edge of the protruding non-supported part at least 10 mm lower than the supported part of the sheet.
  • the sheets within the assembly can move or shift relative to each other over at least part of their contacting surface. This movement of sheets relative to each other allows the stack of sheets to bend and flex, which is preferred for soft body armour applications. However, movement is limited by the mechanical fastening means comprising a hole.
  • a mechanical fastening means comprising a hole includes a stitch, a staple and a rivet. Stitching is commonly used in ballistic-resistant assemblies. A stitch is preferred. A series of mechanical fastening means comprising a hole therefore is preferably (a series of) stitches, also known as a seam. It will be understood that the hole is in the sheets of the assembly.
  • the fastening means may involve passing another material, for example a thread, staple or rivet, through the hole, such that the hole is partially filled.
  • the diameter of the hole means the diameter where the material of the sheet is not present, i.e. whether or not (partially) filled by a different material.
  • At least one of the flexible sheets comprises at least one layer comprising a network of fibers.
  • a fiber is an elongated body with length dimension much greater than its width and thickness.
  • the term fiber thus includes a monofilament, a multifilament yarn, a ribbon, a strip or tape and the like, and can have regular or irregular cross sections.
  • the term fiber includes a plurality of any one or combination of the above. Typically a fiber is a monofilament.
  • the fibres may be inorganic or organic fibres, and suitable fibres are for example listed in US 5185195.
  • suitable inorganic fibres are, for example, glass fibres, carbon fibres and ceramic fibres.
  • Suitable organic fibres with such a high tensile strength are, for example, aromatic polyamide fibres (also simply aramid fibres), especially poly(p-phenylene teraphthalamide), liquid crystalline polymer and ladder-like polymer fibres such as polybenzimidazoles or polybenzoxazoles, esp.
  • Fibres have a tensile strength of at least about 2.5 GPa and a tensile modulus of at least about 50 GPa.
  • the fibres preferably have a tensile strength of at least 3 GPa, at least 3.5 or even at least 4 GPa.
  • Highly oriented polyolefin, aramid, PBO and PIPD fibres, or a combination of at least two thereof are preferably used.
  • the advantage of these fibres is that they have very high tensile strength, so that they are in particular very suitable for use in lightweight ballistic-resistant articles.
  • Suitable aramid fibers are para-aramid fibers.
  • Suitable polyolefins are in particular homopolymers and copolymers of ethylene and propylene, which may also contain small quantities of one or more other polymers, in particular other alkene-1 -polymers.
  • the at least one layer comprising a network of unidirectionally oriented fibers and a bonding matrix comprises para-aramid fibers or ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers or both para-aramid fibers and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers. Most preferably the fibers are ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers.
  • linear polyethylene is selected as the polyolefin.
  • Linear polyethylene is herein understood to mean polyethylene with less than 1 side chain per 100 C atoms, and preferably with fewer than 1 side chain per 300 C atoms; a side chain or branch generally containing at least 10 C atoms.
  • the linear polyethylene may further contain up to 5 mol% of one or more other alkenes that are copolymerisable therewith, such as propene, butene, pentene, 4-methylpentene, octene.
  • the linear polyethylene has an intrinsic viscosity (IV, as determined according to ASTM 1601 and preferably as described with respect to the examples, on solutions in decalin at 135°C) of at least 4 dl/g; more preferably at least 8 dl/g.
  • IV intrinsic viscosity
  • UHMWPE ultra-high molar mass polyethylene
  • Intrinsic viscosity is a measure for molar mass (also called molecular weight) that can more easily be determined than actual molar mass parameters like M n
  • UHMWPE fibers consisting of polyethylene filaments that have been prepared by a gel spinning process, for example as described in WO 2005/066400 A1 , are preferably used.
  • a gel spinning process essentially consists of preparing a solution of a linear polyethylene with a high intrinsic viscosity, spinning the solution into filaments at a temperature above the dissolving temperature, cooling down the filaments to below the gelling temperature, such that gelling occurs, and stretching the filaments before, during and/or after the removal of the solvent.
  • a layer comprising a network of unidirectionally oriented fibers and a bonding matrix may be formed from fibers alone, or by adding a bonding matrix, for example a suitable polymer, to the fibers as a coating or otherwise.
  • a layer of unidirectionally oriented fibers is meant a layer wherein the fibers are oriented substantially parallel in a plane. Such a layer is also referred to as mono-layer in the art.
  • a layer of unidirectionally oriented fibers not only includes layers of unidirectionally oriented fibres stabilised with a bonding matrix, but also woven structures wherein the high-strength fibres form a major part of the woven; e.g. as the warp fibres, and wherein the weft fibres form a minor part and need not be high-strength fibres; for example the constructions described in EP 1 144740 B1 or other wovens referred to as uniweave fabrics.
  • At least one of said flexible sheets comprises a layer comprising unidirectionally oriented fibers and a bonding matrix.
  • all layers in said flexible sheet comprise unidirectionally oriented fibers and a bonding matrix.
  • Preferably all sheets in said assembly comprise unidirectionally oriented fibers and a bonding matrix.
  • the term bonding matrix refers to a material that bonds or holds the fibres together and may enclose the fibres in their entirety or in part, such that the structure of the layer is retained during handling and making of sheets.
  • the bonding matrix can have been applied in various forms and ways; for example as a film, as transverse bonding strips or transverse fibres (transverse with respect to the unidirectional fibres), or by impregnating and/or embedding the fibres with a matrix material, e.g. with a polymer melt or a solution or dispersion of a polymeric material in a liquid.
  • the bonding matrix is homogeneously distributed over the entire surface of the layer, whereas a bonding strip or bonding fibres can be applied locally.
  • Suitable bonding matrices are described in EP 0191306 B1 , EP 1 170925 A1 , EP 0683374 B1 and EP 1 144740 B1.
  • a suitable bonding matrix includes a thermosetting material or a thermoplastic material, or a mixture of the two.
  • Thermosetting polymers include vinyl esters, unsaturated polyesters, epoxides or phenol resins.
  • Thermoplastic polymers include, polyurethanes, polyvinyls, polyacrylics, polyolefins or thermoplastic
  • the bonding matrix is a styrene-isoprene-styrene (SIS) block copolymer or a styrene- ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS) block copolymer.
  • SIS styrene-isoprene-styrene
  • SEBS styrene- ethylene-butylene-styrene
  • the bonding matrix may be formed in-situ by partially melting the fibers. However, preferably a bonding matrix is added.
  • the unidirectionally oriented fiber layer is typically made by spreading a number of (twisted or untwisted) multifilament yarns.
  • the amount of bonding matrix in the flexible sheet is at most 30 mass%, more preferably at most 25, 20, 15, 10 or even at most 5 mass% of the layer; since the fibres contribute most to ballistic performance.
  • the amount of bonding matrix is at least 1 mass%; more preferably at least 5 mass%; for example at least 10 mass% or at least 15 mass%.
  • a flexible sheet comprises from 2 to 8, preferably from 2 to
  • a flexible sheet typically comprises either 2 or 4 layers of unidirectionally oriented fibers wherein the orientation of two adjacent layers is at around 90 ° to one another.
  • the at least one flexible sheet comprises at least two layers of unidirectionally oriented fibers, wherein the directions of orientation of the fibers within two adjacent layers within said flexible sheet are rotated between 45 and 135° with respect to each other; preferably between 80 and 100°.
  • the sheet may further comprise, in addition to the fibrous layers, a film layer on one or both outer faces.
  • Suitable films include thin films, for example of less than 20, 15 or even less than 10 micron thick, made from thermoplastic polymers, for example polyolefins, e.g. polyethylene, polypropylene or their copolymers;
  • the at least one flexible sheet further comprises a thermoplastic film on one face or both faces.
  • the assembly of the present invention typically comprises from 2 to 50 flexible sheets. Preferably it comprises from 4 to 40 flexible sheets, more preferably from 10 to 30, for example 20 flexible sheets.
  • the areal density of a flexible sheet is typically from 50 to 300 g/m 2 . Preferably the areal density is from 100 to 200 g/m 2 ; more preferably around 150 g/m 2 .
  • the areal density of an assembly depends on the number and areal density of flexible sheets used, but is typically from 200 to 15,000 g/m 2 . Preferably the areal density is from 500 to 10,000 g/m 2 ; more preferably from 1 ,000 to 5,000 g/m 2 for example 2,000 g/m 2 .
  • Suitable mechanical fastening means comprising a hole are those that can make a localized connection between adjacent sheets, such that relative movement of the sheets over at least part of their mutually contacting surfaces is still possible. Examples include means like various stitching methods, stapling and riveting; so long as a connection can be made without losing all relative movement between the sheets. For this reason, the mechanical fastening means are distributed over the surface. Multiple fastening means spread over the total surface are preferred over a few local areas having a high density of fastening means.
  • the mechanical fastening means comprising a hole cover at most 1 % of the surface area of a sheet, more preferably at most 0.5%, more preferably 0.1 % or still more preferably at most 0.05%.
  • the fastening means may be randomly spread over the surface, but may also follow regular patterns or paths.
  • the fastening means can for example virtually follow straight lines, but also curved lines, or circular or spiral paths.
  • the paths of the mechanical fastening means, especially stitches, may all run essentially parallel, but may also be at an angle, and thus cross each other; for example as two or more groups of parallel paths crossing each other.
  • Suitable angles are from 30 to 150°, preferably from about 45 to 135°.
  • the paths of fastening means thus may form typical structures like triangles, squares, stars, or combinations thereof.
  • Stitching or sewing is the most preferred way of applying fastening means, for example lock stitching, conventional chain or zig-zag stitching. Stitches can be applied relatively easy, also through a larger number of sheets at once, and the number of stitches per surface area may be readily varied. Stitches also cover relatively little surface area, and thus allow relative movement of sheets.
  • the mechanical fastening means is stitching.
  • the stitch length that is the distance between holes in two consecutive mechanical fastening means, where a stitch thread enters the sheet in a stitch path, may vary widely. Suitable stitch lengths are from 1 to 15 mm, preferably from 2 to 10 mm. More preferably, the distance between adjacent holes in the stitches is from 3 to 8 mm. A longer stitch length means fewer defects are introduced into the assembly. Accordingly, there is a lower chance of the trajectory of a ballistic projectile passing through a hole.
  • the distance between adjacent paths of stitches, or other connecting means may vary widely, for example from about 0,5 to 15 cm. A shorter distance is more effective in reducing back face deformation, but too short a distance reduces flexibility; whereas too long a distance is hardly effective.
  • the distance between stitch paths is at least about 1 , 2 or 3 cm, and less than 12, 10, 8 or 6 cm. The shorter the distance of paths, the smaller the number (or mass%) of sheets that are to be interconnected to obtain the desired effect, depending on the type of assembly. The skilled person can find an optimum for a given assembly by some routine experimentation within the indicated limits. Fewer stitches means fewer defects are introduced into the assembly. Accordingly, there is a lower chance of the trajectory of a ballistic projectile passing through a hole.
  • the stitches can be applied by using standard sewing machines, especially industrial sewing machines, and standard sewing yarns or threads can be used.
  • the sewing yarn is a high-strength yarn, for example it may comprise one or more fibers described above in relation to the layer of the flexible sheet.
  • the sewing yarn may be comprised of the same fibers as the layers of the sheets.
  • the sewing yarn comprises fibers of para-aramid or ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene.
  • the thread used in stitching typically has a small diameter in order that it increases hole size during stitching as little as possible. Threads are typically measured by linear mass density. Accordingly, the thread has a low linear mass density. Preferably, the thread has a linear mass density below 1000 dtex; more preferably below 500 dtex; 300 dtex; 200 dtex or even below 150 dtex.
  • the hole of the mechanical fastening means has an average largest diameter of at most 1.0 mm. Preferably, it has an average largest diameter of at most 0.8 mm. More preferably, it has an average largest diameter of at most 0.6 mm; 0.4 mm or even at most 0.2 mm.
  • largest diameter is meant the longest dimension in crossing the hole. It will be appreciated that a hole will not be circular, and may even be highly irregular in shape. However, the skilled person is able to identify the longest dimension by eye directly or from an (enlarged) photograph.
  • the average largest diameter is taken from at least 8 holes. Preferably, the average is taken from at least 16 holes; more preferably at least 24 holes.
  • a ballistic-resistant assembly comprises a stack of flexible sheets, at least one of which flexible sheets comprises at least one layer comprising a network of unidirectionally oriented fibers and a bonding matrix, wherein all flexible sheets in the assembly are connected by a series of mechanical fastening means comprising a hole, characterized in that the hole of the mechanical fastening means has an average largest diameter of at most 0.6 mm; wherein average largest diameter is the average of the largest diameter of each of at least 16 holes, each hole measured at each of the front face and the back face of the assembly.
  • a needle with a diameter of less than 1 .8 mm is preferred. Diameter of needle refers to the largest diameter that passes through the assembly. More preferred is a needle with a diameter of less than 1 .6 mm; less than 1.4 mm; less than 1 .2 mm; less than 1 .0 mm; less than 0.8 mm; less than 0.6 mm or even less than 0.4 mm.
  • Suitable small needles for use in the present invention are typically made of hardened steel. A practical minimum needle size of 0.2 mm is preferred. Smaller needles are possible but more prone to breaking.
  • stitched sheets comprising unidirectionally oriented fibers are more susceptible to a reduction in V 5 o as a result of stitching is that in a woven sheet the fibers move apart around the needle due to the lateral freedom of movement of fibers, and when the needle withdraws the fibers relax to close the hole, at least in part, due to tension in the cross woven fibers.
  • a degree of movement is not possible; accordingly the needle is more likely to break a fiber, and the hole is less likely to be closed.
  • a sheet comprises antiballistic tapes
  • a needle may simply puncture a tape; there would be little or no restoring force on the tape, so the hole remains. Accordingly, creating a small diameter hole using a small needle during stitching provides an advantage to a flexible sheet comprising layers of unidirectionally oriented fibers which effect may not occur in a flexible sheet comprising only woven layers.
  • V 5 o is a characteristic property of a material. It is calculated herein by measuring the two lowest velocity penetrations and two highest velocity non- penetrations and taking the average of these four values. Further a distinction is made between V 5 o (Hole) and V 5 o (Assembly). V 5 o (Hole) is not the V 5 o of the material but a value determined for shots which would pass through the hole of the mechanical fastening means comprising a hole. V 5 o (Assembly) is the V 5 o of the material where a shot does not strike within 2 cm of a hole. It is expected to represent the V 5 o of the material as a whole.
  • Trajectory is defined as the path of the ballistic projectile, including the projected path the ballistic projectile would take if it were not stopped by the assembly. Accordingly when a trajectory passes through a hole it means that the projectile would pass through the hole but for the presence of the assembly. In other words the trajectory passes through the hole even if the ballistic projectile is stopped. Stops are required to calculate V50.
  • V50 (Hole) 0.90*Vso (Assembly).
  • V50 (Hoie) 0.95*Vso
  • typically the ballistic projectile is a 9 x 9mm FMJ 8.0 g Ball. In another embodiment it may be 0.44 Magnum Speer JHP. In yet another embodiment, it may be 1.1 g FSP.
  • the present invention provides a ballistic- resistant article comprising a ballistic-resistant assembly as defined herein and at least one further layer of ballistic-resistant material.
  • the further layer of ballistic-resistant material may also comprise a stack of flexible sheets which are optionally connected by a series of mechanical fastening means.
  • the front side is the side facing the threat or impacting projectile
  • the back side is the side opposite to the side facing the threat or impacting projectile, i.e. closest to the wearer or the object to be protected.
  • Positioning the assembly of the present invention at the back side of the article has a greater effect in reducing back face deformation.
  • the further layer of ballistic-resistant material may alternatively be a sheet of inorganic material selected from the group consisting of ceramic; metal, preferably aluminum, magnesium titanium, nickel, chromium and iron or their alloys; glass; graphite, or combinations thereof. Particularly preferred is metal, for example aluminum, magnesium, titanium, copper, nickel, chromium, beryllium, iron and copper including their alloys.
  • the further sheet of inorganic material may be positioned anywhere in the stack of layers, the preferred ballistic resistant article is characterized in that the further sheet of inorganic material is positioned at the outside of the stack or panel with first and second layers, most preferably at least at the strike face thereof.
  • the thickness of the inorganic sheet can vary within wide ranges and is preferably between 1 mm and 50 mm, more preferably between 2 mm and 30 mm.
  • the further sheet of inorganic material may optionally be pre-treated in order to improve adhesion with the stack. Suitable pre-treatment of the further sheet includes mechanical treatment e.g. roughening or cleaning the surface thereof by sanding or grinding, chemical etching with e.g. nitric acid and laminating with polyethylene film.
  • a bonding layer e.g. an adhesive
  • adhesive may comprise an epoxy resin, a polyester resin, a polyurethane resin or a vinylester resin.
  • the bonding layer may further comprise a woven or non-woven layer of inorganic fiber, for instance glass fiber or carbon fiber.
  • An example antiballistic article is obtained with a layered structure as follows (starting from the strike face): ceramic layer/metal sheet/first and second layers. Suitable ceramic materials include e.g. alumina oxide, titanium oxide, silicon oxide, silicon carbide and boron carbide.
  • the ballistic-resistant assembly of flexible sheets is typically itself flexible. However, it may be consolidated under heat and pressure to form a rigid assembly or panel. Such a rigid assembly or panel is particularly useful in combination with a rigid further layer of ballistic resistant material, since flexibility is not typically important is such an assembly.
  • the ballistic-resistant assembly of the present invention may be consolidated together with the further ballistic resistant layer.
  • the present invention provides a ballistic-resistant vest comprising a ballistic-resistant assembly as defined herein or a ballistic resistant article as defined herein.
  • a ballistic-resistant vest comprises a ballistic-resistant assembly and a vest including a pocket or envelope in which to hold said ballistic-resistant assembly.
  • Other typical articles that advantageously use the assembly according to the invention include various protective parts for elbows, shoulders, wrists, knees, legs, etc., which articles offer protection against other threats than bullets, and may be used during working.
  • Intrinsic Viscosity is determined according to method ASTM D1601 at 135°C in decalin, the dissolution time being 16 hours, with DBPC as anti-oxidant in an amount of 2 g/l solution, by extrapolating the viscosity as measured at different concentrations to zero concentration;
  • Side chains the number of side chains in a UHMWPE sample is determined by FTIR on a 2 mm thick compression moulded film, by quantifying the absorption at 1375 cm -1 using a calibration curve based on NMR measurements (as e.g. in EP 0269151 );
  • Tensile properties (measured at 25 °C): tensile strength (or strength), tensile modulus (or modulus) and elongation at break (or eab) are defined and determined on multifilament yarns as specified in ASTM D885M, using a nominal gauge length of the fiber of 500 mm, a crosshead speed of 50%/min. On the basis of the measured stress-strain curve the modulus is determined as the gradient between 0.3 and 1 % strain. For calculation of the modulus and strength, the tensile forces measured are divided by the titre, as determined by weighing 10 metres of fiber; values in GPa are calculated assuming a density of 0.97 g/cm 3 . Tensile properties of thin films were measured in accordance with ISO 1 184(H).
  • Average largest hole diameter is determined by measuring the largest diameter of four holes. Measurements are taken from enlarged photographs of both the strike face and back face of the assembly for each of four holes. The average of the eight measurements is calculated.
  • V 5 o Hole
  • Ammunition used is either i) 9 x 19mm FMJ 8.0 g Parabellum Lugar SINTOX ® ball 124 gr (DM41 ) from RUAG, Switzerland; ii) 0.44 Magnum Speer 240 grain Jacket Hollow Point (JHP) (74453); or iii) 1 .1 g 17 grain Fragment Simulating Projectile (FSP).
  • V 5 o is measured by taking the mean value of the lowest two penetration and the highest two non-penetration velocities, as defined at Lightweight Ballistic
  • multifilament yarn (of tensile strength 3.5 GPa, modulus 1 15 GPa; based on ultra-high molar mass polyethylene) and about 18 mass% of an elastomeric matrix material; and a polyethylene separating film on both sides.
  • the corners were fastened by stitching.
  • the assembly was placed on a backing of Caran d'Ache plasticine and shot in the centre with a 9 x 19 mm Parabellum 8.0g FMJ Ball. V 5 o was measured as described above. Results are given in Table 1 .
  • Comparative Example 2 was repeated except that a polyester sewing thread Serafil 10 (3120 dtex), manufactured by Amann & Sonne, Bonnigheim,
  • Comparative Example 2 was repeated except that a 0.55 mm diameter needle, manufactured by Schmetz, Herzogenrath, Germany was used and the distance between adjacent holes in the "stitching" line was 4 mm. Stitching hole size was measured as described above. V 5 o (Hole) for 9 x 19 mm Parabellum 8.0g FMJ Ball was measured as described above for a shot on the centre of the "stitched" cross. Results are given in Table 1 .
  • Comparative Example 2 was repeated except that a 1 .2 mm diameter needle, NM120, size 19, manufactured by Schmetz, Herzogenrath, Germany was used. The gap between adjacent holes in the "stitching" line was 6 mm. Stitching hole size was measured and V 5 o (Hole) for 9 x 19 mm Parabellum 8.0g FMJ Ball were measured as described above for a shot on the centre of the "stitched" cross. Results are given in Table 1 .
  • Comparative Example 5 Comparative Example 5 was repeated, except that an assembly of 50 sheets comprising 2 layers of unidirectionally oriented ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers, sold as SB1 15, available from DSM Dyneema, Geleen, The
  • SB1 15 has an areal density of about 80 g/m 2 , and contains two cross-plied layers made from ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber. The corners were fastened by stitching.
  • a 1 .2 mm diameter needle, NM120, size 19, manufactured by Schmetz Herzogenrath, Germany was used to "stitch” a diagonal cross from corner to corner of the sample. No thread was used. Accordingly, the series of "stitches” comprised only a series of holes. The distance between adjacent holes in the "stitching" line was 6 mm.
  • V 5 o (Hole) for 9 x 19 mm Parabellum 8.0g FMJ Ball was measured as described above for a shot on the centre of the "stitched" cross. Results are given in Table 1. V 5 o (Hole) was measured for 0.44 Magnum Speer JHP and 1 .1 g FSP
  • Comparative Example 6 was repeated, except that a sewing thread Xtreme Tech with Dyneema ® (400 dtex) was used to make stitches of 6 mm. The distance between adjacent holes in the seam was 6 mm. Stitching hole size was measured. Results are given in Table 1. V 5 o (Hoie) for 0.44 Magnum Speer JHP and 1 .1 g FSP respectively was measured as described above for a shot on the centre of the "stitched" cross. Results are given in Table 2.
  • Example 2 was repeated, except that no thread was used for stitching. Accordingly a line of "stitches" of the cross comprised only a sequence of holes. V 5 o (Hoie) for 0.44 Magnum Speer JHP and 1 .1 g FSP respectively was measured as described above for a shot on the centre of the "stitched" cross. Results are given in Table 2.
  • Comparative Example 6 was repeated, except that a 0.8 mm diameter needle manufactured by Schmetz Herzogenrath, Germany was used. V 5 o (Hoie) for 0.44 Magnum Speer JHP and 1 .1 g FSP respectively was measured as described above for a shot on the centre of the "stitched" cross. Results are given in Table 2.
  • the Example has an average largest hole diameter of 1.19 mm (Table 1 ); the V 5 o (Hole) against 0.44 Magnum Speer JHP and 1 .1 g FSP of the Example is less than 0.80 * V 5 o of Comparative Example 7. The effect of improved V 5 o (Hoie) for smaller hole size is demonstrated also for 0.44 Magnum Speer JHP and 1 .1 g FSP for Comparative Example 6 and Comparative Example 8.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un ensemble pare-balles comprenant un empilement de feuilles souples, dont au moins une comprend au moins une couche comprenant un réseau de fibres à orientation unidirectionnelle et une matrice de liaison, toutes les feuilles souples de l'ensemble étant reliées par une série de moyens de fixation mécanique comprenant un trou, lequel ensemble est caractérisé en ce que : V50 (Trou) ≥ 0.85*V50 (Ensemble) dans lequel : • V50 (Trou) est le V50 dans lequel la trajectoire d'un projectile balistique impactant l'ensemble traverse un trou dudit moyen de fixation mécanique ; • V50 (Ensemble) est le V50 dans lequel la trajectoire d'un projectile balistique identique impactant l'ensemble est distant d'au moins 2 cm de n'importe quel trou dudit moyen de fixation mécanique ; et • V50 est mesuré en prenant la moyenne des deux non-pénétrations à la vitesse la plus élevée et des deux pénétrations à la vitesse la plus basse ; un article pare-balles et un gilet pare-balles équipés dudit ensemble ; et un procédé de fabrication d'un ensemble pare-balles.
PCT/EP2017/080942 2016-12-21 2017-11-30 Ensemble pare-balles WO2018114266A1 (fr)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019236410A1 (fr) * 2018-06-06 2019-12-12 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Tissu en polyéthylène déformable et articles réalisés à partir dudit tissu
WO2020165212A1 (fr) * 2019-02-12 2020-08-20 Teijin Aramid B.V. Article résistant aux balles basé sur des feuilles présentant des fentes de film discontinues
CN114174063A (zh) * 2019-05-28 2022-03-11 弗拉泰利西特里奥股份公司 包含连结在一起的单向层的防弹层压件

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019236410A1 (fr) * 2018-06-06 2019-12-12 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Tissu en polyéthylène déformable et articles réalisés à partir dudit tissu
WO2020165212A1 (fr) * 2019-02-12 2020-08-20 Teijin Aramid B.V. Article résistant aux balles basé sur des feuilles présentant des fentes de film discontinues
CN113543967A (zh) * 2019-02-12 2021-10-22 帝人芳纶有限公司 基于具有不连续膜裂口的片材的防弹制品
CN114174063A (zh) * 2019-05-28 2022-03-11 弗拉泰利西特里奥股份公司 包含连结在一起的单向层的防弹层压件
CN114174063B (zh) * 2019-05-28 2024-04-09 弗拉泰利西特里奥股份公司 包含连结在一起的单向层的防弹层压件

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