CN114174063A - 包含连结在一起的单向层的防弹层压件 - Google Patents

包含连结在一起的单向层的防弹层压件 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114174063A
CN114174063A CN202080050804.6A CN202080050804A CN114174063A CN 114174063 A CN114174063 A CN 114174063A CN 202080050804 A CN202080050804 A CN 202080050804A CN 114174063 A CN114174063 A CN 114174063A
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ballistic resistant
textile element
holes
unidirectional
ballistic
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CN202080050804.6A
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CN114174063B (zh
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乔治·赛莱斯特·西特里奥
菲利波·西特里奥
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FRATELLI CITTERIO SpA
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FRATELLI CITTERIO SpA
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于生产防弹保护装置的结构，该结构兼有在阻挡子弹和减少创伤方面的高水平性能以及极大的灵活性和透气性。产生了包括连结在一起的单向层的防弹层压件。由本发明提供的防弹层压件优选地通过叠加至少两层防弹纱线101和103来生产，该至少两层防弹纱线按照相对于彼此以大约90°(+/‑10°)倾斜的方向单向地布置。每层包括多根纤维，这些纤维按照基本上相互平行的方向(+/‑10°)单向地布置。

Description

包含连结在一起的单向层的防弹层压件
发明领域
本发明涉及用于产生防弹保护装置的结构，该结构兼有在阻挡飞射物和减少创伤方面的高水平性能以及极大的灵活性和透气性。
发明背景
在防弹保护装置的生产中的一个主要要求是兼有在阻挡飞射物和限制由飞射物的能量所引起的创伤两个方面的高性能以及适当的灵活性，不仅容许良好的舒适性而且还容许现役时需要的行动自由。
虽然经纬型结构的织造织物非常柔韧，但它们具有非常不错的防弹价值，因为纬线与经线交织在一起；这种交织结构限制了由飞射物在织物表面上的冲击能量所产生的机械波的传播速度，因此限制了所吸收的能量。
这种结构的一些替代方案是已知的，诸如例如与以
Figure BDA0003466702740000011
的名义的专利US 7,820,565或以
Figure BDA0003466702740000012
的名义的专利US 7,132,382相关的那些结构，其中位于经向和/或纬向中的防弹纱线与线性密度非常低的非防弹线交织。因此冲击波可以更容易地传播，所以与常规的经纬织造织物相比能够实现更好的防弹性能。
在一种可选的现有技术解决方案中，防弹纱线也被单向地铺设在多个涂布粘合剂的层中并且之后被层压。
由于所述纱线是被单向地铺设的，则该结构不是交织的，所以冲击波传播畅通并且获得了非常好的防弹结果。然而，该结构的外部面必须施加有膜，该膜保护纱线纤维免受产生于摩擦的任何劣化，该摩擦在弹道包发生弯曲时不可避免地发生。这种附加的元件不仅加固了该结构而且使其完全地不透气，这导致使用者的不适。
此外，由于加强纱线是线性地铺设的，当结构弯曲时，这些纱线仅容许纱线本身的机械特性在张力作用下所提供的伸长。
与单向结构相关联的这种结构的示例，例如以Gold
Figure BDA0003466702740000021
或
Figure BDA0003466702740000022
SB的名义为人所知。
发明目的
本发明的主要目的是提供防弹保护装置元件，其减少了现有技术的缺点。
发明简述
根据本发明，所述目的通过生产用于生产防弹保护装置结构的防弹层压件已经实现，该层压件包括至少一个第一单向纺织品元件和至少一个第二单向纺织品元件，第一纺织品元件包括基本上按照第一方向布置的第一多个防弹纤维，第二纺织品元件包括基本上按照第二方向布置的第二多个防弹纤维，第一方向和第二方向形成90°+/-10°的相对角度，层压件被第一单向纺织品元件上的第一外部防护层和第二单向纺织品元件上的第二外部防护层所覆盖，层压件的特征在于它包括多个通孔，通孔具有的直径在0.02毫米和3毫米之间。每平方厘米的通孔的数量在0.1和10之间，优选在0.5和10之间。
根据优选实施例，防弹纤维由芳族聚酰胺、聚芳酰胺、超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)、共聚芳酰胺(copolyaramid)、聚苯并噁唑、共聚苯并噻唑、液晶、玻璃或碳素材料构成，也是彼此混合。
第一防护层和第二防护层以及至少第一单向纺织品元件和至少第二单向纺织品元件优选地通过压制连结在一起。通孔优选在压制步骤之后形成。在优选实施例中，第一防护层和第二防护层以及至少第一单向纺织品元件和至少第二单向纺织品元件通过缝合连结在一起。该通孔中的至少一些在缝合步骤期间形成。当利用缝合时，优选通过针实施，该针具有的直径比缝合所用的纱线大至少20％。可选地，孔可以通过装备有滚筒或圆筒的系统来形成，该滚筒或圆筒具有多个点，当滚筒(或圆筒)在压力下在层压件上滚动时，这些点能够产生孔。
在本发明的优选实施例中，第一防护层和第二防护层是呈膜形式的并且包括下列材料中的一种或更多种：聚氨酯、聚酯、聚酰胺、聚乙烯或聚丙烯膜。
每个纺织品元件的重量优选地在10g/m2和500g/m2之间。
本发明的第二方面提供了一种生产如上所述的防弹层压件的工艺。
本发明的另一方面提供了一种防弹保护装置，其包括至少一层上述防弹层压件。
附图简述
从以下描述和附图，本发明的这些和另外的优点、目的和特征对于技术人员来说将变得更加明显，这些描述和附图涉及示例性的实施例，但不以任何方式限制本质，其中：
-图1示出了在形成孔之前的、用于生产根据本发明一个可能实施例的防弹保护装置的结构的透视图；
-图2示出了图1的结构的侧视图；
-图3是由通孔引起的、在单向纤维的直线方向上的偏转(或不连续性)的示意性表现。
详细描述
本发明所提供的防弹层压件优选地通过叠加至少两层防弹纱线101和103来生产，这两层防弹纱线101和103按照相对于彼此以大约90°(+/-10°)倾斜的方向单向地布置。每层(在图1的示例中，层101和103)包括多根纤维1，这些纤维按照基本上相互平行的方向(+/-10°)单向地布置。
纱线通常由许多细丝构成，作为纱线的替代，可以使用条带或单丝。这种纱线(条带、单丝)的线性密度有利地在20分特和6500分特之间，韧度值大于每分特10g，模量值大于400GPa并且拉伸伸长率值在1％和10％之间；这些类别包括，例如，由
Figure BDA0003466702740000041
Kolon
Figure BDA0003466702740000042
所生产的芳纶纱线，其分别具有商品名称
Figure BDA0003466702740000043
或
Figure BDA0003466702740000044
除了芳纶纱线之外，还可以使用由
Figure BDA0003466702740000045
或
Figure BDA0003466702740000046
所生产的超高分子量聚乙烯纱线，其具有各自的商品名称
Figure BDA0003466702740000047
和
Figure BDA0003466702740000048
或者也可以以具有商品名称
Figure BDA0003466702740000049
或
Figure BDA00034667027400000410
的已知条带的形式。以
Figure BDA00034667027400000411
Figure BDA00034667027400000412
的名义由
Figure BDA00034667027400000413
所制造的共聚芳酰胺纱线最近已经被引入。这些纱线以动态抗拉强度为特征，该动态抗拉强度至少是静态强度的两倍，并且因此可以提高防弹性能。这种动态强度值使用美国普渡大学所开发的程序来测量，例如如以下文件中所述：
-A265单纤维的机械性能(MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF A265SINGLE FIBER)，Jaeyoung Lima和Weinong W Chena著，普渡大学西拉法叶分校，航空航天学院，在47907-2045中。
为了本发明的目的，如图1所示，单向结构是通过叠加两层或更多层防弹纱线101和103来产生的。该至少两层防弹纱线优选地之前用热塑性、弹性或热固性树脂预浸渍，也是彼此混合。其中，丙烯酸、聚乙烯、聚丁烯或聚氨酯树脂是特别地有用。所施加的量在3％和30％之间。施加树脂的目的是促进纱线的单向地铺设并且彼此叠加的各种层之间的粘合。此外，这种树脂使各种纱线纤维紧密接触，从而形成连续性，这对防弹目的是有用的。至少两层的防弹纱线101和103的外部面具有另外的元件105，另外的元件105被施加到其上的目的是增强对纱线纤维的保护，使当其在现役时免受由各层彼此摩擦产生的任何机械作用。这些另外的元件可以由膜105构成，其包括不连续的膜、毡、网和织造织物/非织造织物。这些外部层的组成必须容许永久粘合至基础结构。这解释了基于热塑性、弹性或热固性聚合物的元件的使用也是彼此混合。聚乙烯、聚氨酯、聚碳酸酯、聚酰胺、聚丙烯、聚酯的膜，也是以共聚物的形式，是特别有用的。附加的元件的重量有利地在3g/mm2和30g/mm2之间，并且更有利地在6g/mm2和20g/mm2之间。然后所得结构随后被层压，并且保护膜沉积在外部面上。施加该膜提供了主要优点，因为在没有这种保护的情况下，在使用期间各层的彼此摩擦会导致结构在使用中的过早劣化。
对该目的有用的膜基本上基于热塑性聚合物，诸如例如聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚酯或聚酰胺聚合物。由于保护膜对防弹特性没有贡献，因此适当的是，其厚度将尽可能薄并且与所期望的防护相匹配。典型的厚度在6微米和20微米之间。所得结构受到压力和温度的作用。压力有利地在2巴和200巴之间，并且更有利地在20和40巴之间。压制温度在50℃和200℃之间，并且更有利地在80℃和140℃之间。压制操作也可选地在防护膜沉积之前执行。压力/温度组合的施加根据本领域技术人员已知的过程进行，并且可以连续地和不连续地进行。所得的层压件经受进一步的加工步骤，该进一步的加工步骤涉及在整个层压件的结构上产生不连续。
图2是图1的结构的示意性截面图：该附图从上至下示出了防护层105(例如粘合膜)、单向防弹纺织品层101、单向防弹纺织品层103和防护层105(例如粘合膜)，单向防弹纺织品层103中的纤维按照与层101的纤维的方向基本上垂直的方向布置。
如图3所示，在单向层压件结构中生产穿过整个结构的通孔导致在防弹线的直线行中的波状起伏，并且因此导致偏转(或不连续性)。已经惊喜地发现，由于这种偏转的存在，柔韧性特征被极大地改善，并且透气性特征也被极大地改善，而不会在阻挡力和由冲击能量所导致的创伤的严重性两个方面损害防弹特征。这些通孔的数量和它们的直径可以适于每个单独结构的要求(以增加或减少柔韧性和透气性)。有利地，孔优选基本上是以圆形形状(但也可以是其他形状，例如椭圆形)；在本发明的优选实施例中，这种孔的直径在0.02毫米和3毫米之间并且优选在0.5毫米和2毫米之间。这种通孔的数量(即其密度)优选地在每平方厘米0.1和10之间，优选地在每平方厘米0.5和10之间。
在优选的解决方案中，层压件的各个层被缝合在一起并且正是缝合操作产生了通孔。
优选地用于缝合线的直径将小于由产生这种缝合的针或钩所产生的通孔直径的20％至90％。这种缝合线是基于将被生产的层压件的结构和重量来选择的。缝合线的线性密度在20分特和300分特之间。使用基于有机聚合物的纱线，诸如，例如聚酯、聚酰胺、聚乙烯、聚丙烯，或无机纱线，诸如，例如玄武岩、碳素或玻璃。缝合的类型不决定层压件的性能。在一些情况下，当连结线的直径比所产生的孔/通道的直径小得多时，并且特别是在某些类型的连结中，该线没有被锁定就位并且可能因此容易“松开”，从而停止执行其功能。在这种情况下，使用双组分单丝进行缝合，双组分单丝的外部部分容易熔化，不同于内部部分，该内部部分具有高得多的熔化温度，并且因此在存在热量的压制步骤期间保持完整。在优选实施例中，针(例如钩针)被提供有非防弹线，该非防弹线垂直地穿过层压件的所有层，所以一旦层压件的各个层例如通过经编或链式缝合被适当打结，就提高了它们之间的内聚力。
连结缝合的长度有利地在1毫米和20毫米之间，并且各种缝合线之间在纵向方向上的距离有利地在1毫米和20毫米之间。
缝合可以使用本领域技术人员熟悉的已知的、可选地适当改进的设备和机械来进行，诸如，例如绗缝机或多头缝合机。
如上所述，对结构的缝合是可选的。根据本发明的基本特征是存在通孔，在没有缝合操作的情况下，可以通过替代方法获得通孔。产生通孔和在纤维的直线方向上的相关的不连续的替代方法之一包括使层压件在适当的载荷下经受布置在旋转圆筒上的一系列冲针的作用，以施加在层压件上穿孔所需的压力，以这种方式造成所述冲针穿透层压件的整个厚度。
在本发明的可选实施例中，两种技术共存也是可行的，即缝合和冲孔(或者可以产生通孔的另一种技术)两者都被执行：在这种情况下，一些孔内将具有缝合线而其他孔则没有。
为了阐明本发明的内容，图3突出了在针、冲针或钩针穿刺之后在单向放置的纱线中所产生的波状起伏。这种不连续性的产生必须不损坏防弹纤维。因此，产生这种不连续性的冲针、钩针或针必须不能有锋利或切割的边缘，而必须适当地倒圆。
层压件的结构由至少两层彼此叠加的预浸渍纱线组成，其中每层的单向纱线的方向相对于另一层以90°+/-10°倾斜。
在优选实施例中，单独层压件中的层的数量是2层，但是也可以是更多，例如2层、4层、6层、8层(优选为2的倍数)。在优选实施例中，这种层之后被能够提供所需耐磨性的连续膜所覆盖。
用本发明的层压件所生产的防弹保护装置可以包括可变数量的上述层压结构，优选在最小1和最大50之间。

Claims (12)

1.一种用于防弹保护装置的防弹层压件，其包括至少一个第一单向纺织品元件和至少一个第二单向纺织品元件，所述第一纺织品元件包括基本上按照第一方向布置的第一多个防弹纤维，所述第二纺织品元件包括基本上按照第二方向布置的第二多个防弹纤维，所述第一方向和所述第二方向形成90°+/-10°的相对角度，所述层压件被所述第一单向纺织品元件外部的第一防护层和所述第二单向纺织品元件外部的第二防护层所覆盖，所述层压件的特征在于包括多个通孔，所述通孔具有的直径介于0.02mm和3mm之间，所述通孔穿过所述第一防护层和所述第二防护层以及所述至少第一单向纺织品元件和所述至少第二单向纺织品元件，其中所述通孔的密度在每平方厘米0.1和10之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防弹层压件，其中，所述通孔的密度在每平方厘米0.5和10之间。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的防弹层压件，其中，所述防弹纤维由下列材料中的一种或更多种制成：芳族聚酰胺、聚酰胺、被称为UHMWPE的具有非常高分子量的聚乙烯、共聚芳酰胺、聚苯并噁唑、聚苯并噻唑、液晶、碳素、玻璃。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的防弹层压件，其中，所述第一防护层和所述第二防护层以及所述至少第一单向纺织品元件和所述至少第二单向纺织品元件通过压制连结在一起。
5.根据权利要求4所述的防弹层压件，其中，所述通孔在所述压制步骤之后形成。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的防弹层压件，其中，所述第一防护层和所述第二防护层以及所述至少第一单向纺织品元件和所述至少第二单向纺织品元件通过缝纫连结在一起，并且在所述缝纫步骤期间形成所述通孔中的至少一部分。
7.根据权利要求6所述的防弹层压件，其中，通过针形成接缝，所述针具有的直径比用于缝纫的纱线的直径大至少20％。
8.根据权利要求5所述的防弹层压件，其中，所述通孔通过旋转设备形成，所述旋转设备设置有多个点，所述多个点适于在所述设备在所述层压件上滚动的期间产生所述孔。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的防弹层压件，其中，所述第一防护层和所述第二防护层包括下列材料中的一种或更多种：聚氨酯、聚酯、聚酰胺、聚乙烯、聚丙烯，呈膜或其他结构的形式，诸如网、毡或织造织物/非织造织物。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的防弹层压件，其中，每个纺织品元件的重量在10g/m2和500g/m2之间。
11.一种制造根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的防弹层压件的工艺，包括以下步骤：
将至少一个第一单向纺织品元件和至少一个第二单向纺织品元件布置成彼此接触，所述第一纺织品元件包括基本上按照第一方向布置的第一多个防弹纤维，所述第二纺织品元件包括基本上按照第二方向布置的第二多个防弹纤维，所述第一方向和所述第二方向形成90°+/-10°的相对角度；
通过压力将所述至少第一纺织品元件和所述至少第二纺织品元件连结在一起；
在所述第一单向纺织品元件上布置第一外部防护层并且在所述第二单向纺织品元件上布置第二外部防护层；
用1巴和200巴之间的压力将所述至少第一纺织品元件和所述至少第二纺织品元件以及所述第一防护层和所述第二防护层连结在一起；
形成直径在0.02毫米和3毫米之间的多个通孔，其中，所述通孔穿过所述第一防护层和所述第二防护层以及所述至少一个单向纺织品元件和所述至少第二单向纺织品元件，所述通孔的密度在每平方厘米0.5和10之间。
12.一种防弹保护装置，包括至少一个根据权利要求1-10中任一项所述的防弹层压件的层。
CN202080050804.6A 2019-05-28 2020-05-27 包含连结在一起的单向层的防弹层压件 Active CN114174063B (zh)

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