WO2018112847A1 - 无人机套件、无人机控制装置及控制方法 - Google Patents

无人机套件、无人机控制装置及控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018112847A1
WO2018112847A1 PCT/CN2016/111550 CN2016111550W WO2018112847A1 WO 2018112847 A1 WO2018112847 A1 WO 2018112847A1 CN 2016111550 W CN2016111550 W CN 2016111550W WO 2018112847 A1 WO2018112847 A1 WO 2018112847A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
user
drone
control
signal
brain wave
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PCT/CN2016/111550
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘元财
赵涛
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深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司
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Application filed by 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司 filed Critical 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2016/111550 priority Critical patent/WO2018112847A1/zh
Priority to CN201680004394.5A priority patent/CN107111372A/zh
Publication of WO2018112847A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018112847A1/zh

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/011Arrangements for interaction with the human body, e.g. for user immersion in virtual reality
    • G06F3/015Input arrangements based on nervous system activity detection, e.g. brain waves [EEG] detection, electromyograms [EMG] detection, electrodermal response detection
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2203/00Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/00 - G06F3/048
    • G06F2203/01Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/01
    • G06F2203/012Walk-in-place systems for allowing a user to walk in a virtual environment while constraining him to a given position in the physical environment

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a drone control method, in particular to a drone control device, a method and a drone kit using the same.
  • the existing drones usually use a remote controller or other remote control terminal to control the flying motion of the drone by manually manipulating the remote lever or the buttons on the remote control terminal or other remote control terminals.
  • control logic is such that the human intent is transformed into the action of controlling the drone by controlling the specific actions of the human limb through the brain.
  • a control device for controlling a drone comprising: a brain wave collecting device, wherein the brain wave collecting device is configured to collect a user brain wave signal; and the processor is communicably connected to the brain wave collecting device. Generating a control command for controlling a load on the drone or the drone based on the user brain wave signal; and transmitting means for communicating with the processor and the drone a connection for transmitting the control command to the drone or the load.
  • An unmanned aerial vehicle kit includes a drone and a control device for controlling the drone, the control device comprising: a brain wave collecting device, wherein the brain wave collecting device is configured to collect a user brain wave signal;
  • the processor is communicatively coupled to the brain wave collecting device for generating a control command for controlling a load on the drone or the drone according to the user brain wave signal; and a transmitting device,
  • the transmission device is in communication with the processor and the drone for transmitting the control command to the drone or the load.
  • An unmanned aerial vehicle control method comprising: receiving a user brain wave signal collected by a brain wave collecting device; generating a control command for controlling a load on the drone or the drone according to a user brain wave signal; And transmitting the control command to the load on the drone or the drone.
  • the UAV kit, the control device and the control method can directly generate control commands for controlling the UAV according to the user's brain wave signal, thereby realizing the desired result, and can significantly improve the user experience.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an unmanned aerial vehicle kit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a control device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of an electroencephalogram acquisition apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a flow chart showing a control method of the control device shown in Fig. 2.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a control device according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a flow chart showing a control method of the control device shown in Fig. 5.
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a control device according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a flow chart showing a control method of the control device shown in Fig. 7.
  • a component when referred to as being “fixed” to another component, it can be directly on the other component or the component can be present.
  • a component When a component is considered to "connect” another component, it can be directly connected to another component or possibly a central component.
  • a component When a component is considered to be “set to” another component, it can be placed directly on another component or possibly with a centered component.
  • the terms “vertical,” “horizontal,” “left,” “right,” and the like, as used herein, are for illustrative purposes only.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a UAV kit.
  • the UAV kit includes a control device 1 and a UAV 2 .
  • the control device 1 is communicably connected to the UAV 2 . It is used to control the operation of the drone 2 .
  • the drone 2 can be used in any suitable environment, such as in the air (eg, a rotorcraft, a fixed-wing aircraft, or a fixed-wing and a rotor-mixed aircraft), in water (eg, a ship or a submarine), on the ground (eg, Motorcycles, cars, trucks, buses, trains, etc., in space (for example, space shuttles, satellites or detectors), or underground (such as subways), or any combination of the above.
  • the drone is a rotorcraft, wherein the rotors may be a single rotor, a double rotor, a triple rotor, a quadrotor, a six-rotor, and an eight-rotor.
  • an unmanned aerial vehicle is taken as an example for description.
  • the drone 2 is an unmanned aerial vehicle
  • the control device 1 is used to control the movement of the drone 2, and the movement may include take-off, landing, flight, and in the air about three One degree of translational freedom and three degrees of rotational freedom.
  • the flight in which the drone 2 is controlled includes, but is not limited to, controlling the flight speed, altitude, attitude, and the like of the drone 2.
  • the drone 2 may further include a carrier for carrying a load, which may be a gimbal or the like that is rotatable about the central portion about one or more axes.
  • the carrier mechanism is used to carry a functional load or a non-functional load.
  • the functional load may be a load for performing a particular function, such as an image acquisition device, sensor, transmitter, tool, instrument, manipulator, or other functional device.
  • the control device 1 can send a control command to control the load.
  • the control device 1 and the drone 2 are respectively provided with communication modules capable of communicating with each other.
  • the communication module may adopt a wireless communication manner, such as, but not limited to, a wireless radio frequency transceiver.
  • the radio frequency transceiver can be composed of several components, including a radio frequency (RF) filter, which allows only a specified signal band to pass.
  • the radio frequency transceiver may further include an RF front end, where the RF front end is an integrated circuit, configured to perform: down-converting the RF signal to an intermediate frequency (IF) signal; and amplifying the IF signal,
  • the IF filter filters the signal and converts the signal to two digital components using an on-chip analog to digital converter: the mark and the magnitude.
  • a phase locked loop filter is used to embed the down converter with the reference crystal as a time base to the RF front end.
  • the gain of the IF amplifier of the RF front end can be controlled by an automatic gain control (AGC) signal.
  • AGC automatic gain control
  • the radio frequency transceiver can be an application specific integrated circuit for performing transceiving microwave signals, and the operating frequency can be in the microwave range of 5.728 GHz - 5.85 GHz. It can be understood that the operating frequency of the radio frequency transceiver can also be in other microwave ranges.
  • the wireless radio transceiver can receive and transmit radio signals through an antenna.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a control device 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the control device 10 includes an electroencephalogram acquisition device 100, a processor 102, and a transmission device 104.
  • the processor 102 can be integrated with the brain wave collecting device 100 and the transmitting device 104 on the same electronic device (for example, a head mounted device).
  • the brain wave acquisition device 100 can also be provided separately from the processor 102.
  • the brain wave collecting device 100 and the processor 102 are communicatively connected, and the connecting manner may be any suitable wired or wireless connection manner, for example, wired through various communication ports such as USB, CAN, and I 2 C. Mode; and wireless methods such as Bluetooth, infrared, WiFi, 2G, 3G, 4G or 5G mobile communication networks.
  • the brain wave collecting device 100 is configured to collect user brain waves.
  • the brain wave collecting device 100 may be any type of brain wave device for detecting a user's brain wave, such as a TGAM module of Shennian Technology.
  • the brain wave collecting device 100 can be directly worn on the user's head by a head-worn device, and the brain wave sensor is disposed on one or more parts of the user's head (for example, at the top of the head, the forehead, the back occiput, etc.). Collect the user's brain wave signal.
  • One or more brain wave sensors can be set in each part, and combined with the brain wave signals obtained by the plurality of brain wave sensors for comprehensive analysis, the acquired brain wave signals can be more accurate.
  • Performing a comprehensive analysis of the brain wave signals acquired by the plurality of brainwave sensors may include performing a weighted calculation or an average calculation on the amplitude and/or frequency of the received brain wave signals.
  • the one or more brain wave sensors may sample a user's brain wave signal according to a preset sampling frequency.
  • multiple brainwave sensors may be sampled using a uniform sampling frequency, or may be sampled using different sampling frequencies.
  • the frequency of use of one or more brainwave sensors may also be adjusted based on the user's brainwave signal. For example, when it is detected that the user's brain wave is in a predetermined range (for example, 0-4hz), it may be characterized that the user's brain is in a relaxed or rest state, and the frequency of use of one or more brain wave sensors may be reduced.
  • the processor 102 can be a central processing unit (CPU), a microprocessor or other data processing chip, or other electronic devices with data processing functions, such as a mobile terminal, a computer, and the like.
  • the brain wave signal collected from the brain wave collecting device 100 is received, and a control command corresponding to the collected brain wave signal is determined according to a correspondence relationship between the brain wave signal and the control command set in advance.
  • a correspondence table between the brain wave signal and the control instruction may be stored in a storage device, and when the processor 102 receives the collected brain wave signal, searching and collecting the brain in the correspondence table The electric wave signal matches the brain wave signal and its corresponding control command.
  • a predetermined rule when searching for an electroencephalogram signal matching the acquired brain wave signal, a predetermined rule may be used for matching search, for example, the similarity between the collected brain wave and a certain specific brain wave signal stored in advance.
  • a predetermined value for example, 90%
  • the collected brain wave is considered to match the pre-stored specific brain wave signal
  • the control command corresponding to the pre-stored specific brain wave signal is the collected brain.
  • the transmission device 104 is communicatively coupled to the processor 102 for transmitting control commands determined by the processor to the controlled drone 2.
  • the transmission device 104 can employ any existing suitable wireless transmission method, such as radio frequency signals, mobile communication networks, satellites, broadcasts, and the like.
  • the transmission device 104 may be a mobile communication module of the electronic device.
  • the transmission device 104 can also be an electronic device independent of the processor 102, such as a remote control, which transmits control commands generated by the processor 102 to the drone
  • the control command can be transmitted to the drone through a wireless radio frequency signal or a mobile communication network.
  • the brain wave collecting device 100 may include an electrode 1000, a preamplifier 1002, a band pass filter circuit 1004, a power frequency trap circuit 1006, a main amplifying circuit 1008, and an analog to digital converter 1010 that are sequentially connected.
  • the electrode 1000 senses a brain wave signal, performs preliminary amplification processing through the preamplifier 1002, and then filters out interference and noise through the band pass filter circuit 1004 and the power frequency trap circuit 1006, and then passes through the main amplification circuit 1008. Further amplification processing is finally converted into a digital signal output to the processor 102 via the analog to digital converter 1010.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a control method according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the order of the steps in the flowchart may be changed according to different requirements, and some steps may be omitted or combined.
  • Step 1022 the processor 102 receives a brain wave signal from the brain wave collecting device 100.
  • the processor 102 searches for a matched pre-stored brain wave signal based on the received brain wave signal. Specifically, it is first searched whether the same brain wave signal exists, and if present, the same brain wave signal is used as the matching brain wave signal, and if it does not exist, the similar brain wave signal is continuously searched (the similarity reaches a preset value, For example 90%). In an embodiment, when a plurality of similar brain wave signals are searched, the brain wave signal having the highest similarity is used as the matched brain wave signal.
  • the processor 102 controls the brain wave collecting device 100 to re-acquire the brain wave signal, and then performs the search operation again by using the re-acquired brain wave signal. Until the search for matching brainwave signals.
  • the processor 102 may perform an alarm operation by the alarm device to prompt an error. For example, an alarm is given by an indicator light or a speaker.
  • the feature matching method may be adopted, that is, the feature points in the brain wave signal are extracted by a predetermined method for matching. The determination of the feature points may be time based, amplitude based, or based on other feature values.
  • the processor 102 generates a control command based on the determined matching brain wave signal. Specifically, each pre-stored brain wave signal corresponds to a predetermined control command, and the control command corresponding to the matched brain wave signal is a control command that the processor needs to generate.
  • the processor 102 transmits the generated control command to the controlled drone 2 via the transmission device 104 to control the operation of the drone 2.
  • the step of establishing a correspondence between the control command and the brain wave may be further included. For example, taking off this aircraft control command allows the user to imagine the flight action in the brain, then collect and identify the brainwave characteristics of the user at this time, and associate this feature with the takeoff command.
  • FIG. 5 is a structural block diagram of a control device 20 according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the control device 20 includes an attitude sensor 206 in addition to the brain wave collection device 200, the processor 202, and the transmission device 204.
  • the brain wave collecting device 200, the processor 202, and the transmitting device 204 are respectively similar to the brain wave collecting device 100, the processor 102, and the transmitting device 104 in the first embodiment, and are not described herein.
  • the attitude sensor 206 is communicatively coupled to the processor 202 for acquiring a user gesture and transmitting the collected user gesture signal to the processor 202.
  • the attitude sensor 206 can be communicatively coupled to the processor 202 by wire or wirelessly.
  • the attitude sensor 206 can include, but is not limited to, a 6-axis sensor and a magnetometer.
  • the posture sensor 206 can be disposed on the head-mounted brain wave collecting device 200 to collect a user's head posture, and the processor 202 generates and controls the drone or the none according to the user's head posture and the user brain wave signal.
  • the pan/tilt is used to connect a load (such as a camera) to control the attitude of the load.
  • the attitude sensor 206 can also be disposed on other parts of the user, such as the hand, to control the movement of the drone by the user's hand posture.
  • the gesture signal and the brain wave signal may be used together to determine a control command to control flight of the drone.
  • the attitude signal collected by the attitude sensor 206 may also separately control different components of the drone 2 with the brain wave signal, for example, the brain wave signal is used to control the drone 2
  • the flight signal is used to control the movement of the load on the drone relative to the fuselage of the drone.
  • the processor 202 controls only one of the drone or the load based on the control command generated by the brain wave signal and the control command generated based on the user attitude signal.
  • the processor 202 determines that the user's head posture is consistent with the command of the user's brain wave signal generation control. The corresponding control command is issued to control the component.
  • the processor 202 when the user's head posture and the user brain wave signal are both used to control the drone, when the user's head mounted device detects that the user's head posture is leftward, the brain wave signal is used to control the When the drone flies to the left, the processor 202 generates an instruction to control the drone to fly to the left according to the user's head posture and the user's brain wave signal. This can further avoid misuse.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a control method according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the order of the steps in the flowchart may be changed according to different requirements, and some steps may be omitted or combined.
  • step 2020 the processor 202 receives a brain wave signal from the brain wave collecting device 200.
  • Step 2024 the processor 202 searches for a matched pre-stored brain wave signal according to the received brain wave signal, and the search mode is similar to step 1024.
  • the processor 202 receives a user gesture signal from the attitude sensor 206.
  • the attitude signals include, but are not limited to, motion direction, speed, angle, and the like.
  • the processor 202 determines a control command according to the received brain wave signal and the attitude signal.
  • the processor generates an instruction for controlling the state of the drone based on the brain wave signal, such as takeoff, flight, landing; the processor determines an instruction for controlling the attitude of the drone based on the attitude signal, For example, flight direction, flight speed, flight angle, etc.
  • the processor generates a control command for controlling the flight of the drone based on the brain wave signal, and generates a control command for controlling the motion of the load on the drone relative to the body of the drone based on the attitude signal.
  • Each gesture corresponds to a control command, and a correspondence table between the gesture signal and the control command may be pre-established, and the processor 202 matches the received gesture signal with the pre-stored attitude signal to determine and receive the gesture signal. Corresponding control commands.
  • Step 2029 the processor 202 controls the transmission device 204 to send a control command generated by the processor to the drone.
  • the acquisition of the attitude signal and the acquisition of the brain wave signal may be released at the same time or may not occur at the same time.
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a control device 20 according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • the control device 30 includes an attitude sensor 306 and an electrocardiographic acquisition device 308 in addition to the brain wave collection device 300, the processor 302, and the transmission device 304.
  • the brain wave collecting device 300, the processor 302, and the transmitting device 304 are respectively similar to the brain wave collecting device 100, the processor 102, and the transmitting device 104 in the first embodiment, and the attitude sensor 306 is similar to the second embodiment.
  • the attitude sensor 206 will not be described here.
  • the ECG acquisition device 308 can be disposed on the wristband to acquire the user's ECG signal by sensing the user's pulse.
  • the ECG signal may be an ECG waveform signal, and the user's psychological state is determined by determining the amplitude and frequency of the fluctuation of the ECG waveform signal. For example, when the user is in a state of tension, the heart rate fluctuates faster and with a larger amplitude.
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart of a control method according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • the order of the steps in the flowchart may be changed according to different requirements, and some steps may be omitted or combined.
  • the processor 302 receives an electroencephalogram signal from the brain wave acquisition device 300.
  • Step 3024 the processor 302 searches for a matched pre-stored brain wave signal according to the received brain wave signal, and the search mode is similar to step 1024.
  • the processor 302 receives a user gesture signal from the attitude sensor 306 and receives an ECG signal from the ECG acquisition device 308.
  • the attitude signals include, but are not limited to, motion direction, speed, angle, and the like.
  • a correspondence table between the ECG signals and the user state may be pre-stored, for example, segments are divided according to different ECG amplitudes and frequencies, and each segment corresponds to a user state.
  • User status may include, but is not limited to, a normal state, a stress state, a fatigue state, and the like.
  • Step 3028 the processor 302 generates a control command according to the received brain wave signal, the attitude signal, and the ECG signal.
  • the processor 302 can be associated with a plurality of user states according to a control command generated by the brain wave signal and the posture signal, for example, when the drone is based on a control instruction generated by the processor based on the brain wave signal and the posture signal.
  • a control command generated by the brain wave signal and the posture signal for example, when the drone is based on a control instruction generated by the processor based on the brain wave signal and the posture signal.
  • the control command generates a control command for controlling the drone according to the brain wave signal and the attitude signal until the user state returns to normal.
  • step 3029 the processor 302 controls the transmission device 304 to transmit a control command generated by the processor 302 to the drone.
  • the attitude sensor 306 can be omitted, and the processor 302 generates a control instruction for controlling the drone according to the brain wave signal and the electrocardiogram signal.

Abstract

一种用于控制无人机(2)的控制装置(10),包括:脑电波采集装置(100),脑电波采集装置(100)用于采集用户脑电波信号;处理器(102),处理器(102)与脑电波采集装置(100)通信连接,用于根据用户脑电波信号生成用于控制无人机(2)或无人机(2)上的负载的控制指令;及传输装置(104),传输装置(104)与处理器(102)及无人机(2)通信连接,用于将控制指令传输至无人机(2)或负载。有益效果:可根据用户脑电波信号直接生成控制无人机(2)的控制指令,实现所想即所得,可显著提升用户体验。

Description

无人机套件、无人机控制装置及控制方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种无人机控制方法,尤其涉及一种无人机控制装置、方法及采用该无人机控制装置的无人机套件。
背景技术
现有的无人机,通常采用一个遥控器或其他遥控终端,通过人手去操控遥控器或其他遥控终端上的遥杆或者按键来控制无人机的飞行动作。
在整个控制过程中,控制逻辑是这样的:人的意图,通过大脑控制人肢体的特定动作来转变成控制无人机的动作。
发明内容
有鉴于此,有必要提供一种能够利用人脑脑电波来自动控制无人机的控制装置及控制方法。
一种用于控制无人机的控制装置,包括:脑电波采集装置,所述脑电波采集装置用于采集用户脑电波信号;处理器,所述处理器与所述脑电波采集装置通信连接,用于根据所述用户脑电波信号生成用于控制所述无人机或所述无人机上的负载的控制指令;及传输装置,所述传输装置与所述处理器及所述无人机通信连接,用于将所述控制指令传输至所述无人机或所述负载。
一种无人机套件,包括无人机及用于控制所述无人机的控制装置,所述控制装置包括:脑电波采集装置,所述脑电波采集装置用于采集用户脑电波信号;处理器,所述处理器与所述脑电波采集装置通信连接,用于根据所述用户脑电波信号生成用于控制所述无人机或所述无人机上的负载的控制指令;及传输装置,所述传输装置与所述处理器及所述无人机通信连接,用于将所述控制指令传输至所述无人机或所述负载。
一种无人机控制方法,所述控制方法包括:接收脑电波采集装置采集的用户脑电波信号;根据用户脑电波信号产生控制所述无人机或所述无人机上的负载的控制指令;及发送所述控制指令至所述无人机或所述无人机上的负载。
所述无人机套件、控制装置及控制方法,可根据用户脑电波信号直接生成控制无人机的控制指令,实现所想即所得,可显著提升用户体验。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施方式提供的一种无人机套件结构示意图。
图2是本发明实施方式提供的一实施例的控制装置的模块框图。
图3是本发明实施方式提供的一实施例的脑电波采集装置的结构图。
图4是图2所示的控制装置的控制方法流程图。
图5是本发明实施方式提供的另一实施例的控制装置的模块框图。
图6是图5所示的控制装置的控制方法流程图。
图7是本发明实施方式提供的又一实施例的控制装置的模块框图。
图8是图7所示的控制装置的控制方法流程图。
主要元件符号说明
控制装置 1、10、20、30
无人机 2
脑电波采集装置 100、200、300
处理器 102、202、302
传输装置 104、204、304
姿态传感器 206、306
心电采集装置 308
电极 1000
前置放大器 1002
带通滤波电路 1004
工频陷波电路 1006
主放大电路 1008
模数转换器 1010
如下具体实施方式将结合上述附图进一步说明本发明。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明的是,当组件被称为“固定于”另一个组件,它可以直接在另一个组件上或者也可以存在居中的组件。当一个组件被认为是“连接”另一个组件,它可以是直接连接到另一个组件或者可能同时存在居中组件。当一个组件被认为是“设置于”另一个组件,它可以是直接设置在另一个组件上或者可能同时存在居中组件。本文所使用的术语“垂直的”、“水平的”、“左”、“右”以及类似的表述只是为了说明的目的。
除非另有定义,本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的,不是旨在于限制本发明。本文所使用的术语“及/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。
请参阅图1所示,本发明实施方式提供一种无人机套件,所述无人机套件包括控制装置1及无人机2,所述控制装置1与所述无人机2通信连接,用于控制所述无人机2的运行。
所述无人机2可用于任何适宜的环境,例如在空中(例如旋翼飞行器、固定翼飞行器或固定翼与旋翼混合的飞行器),在水中(例,船或潜艇),在地面上(例,摩托车,汽车,卡车,公交车,火车等),在太空中(例,航天飞机、卫星或探测器),或在地下(例如地铁),或上述环境的任意组合。在本实施例中,所述无人机为旋翼飞行器,其中所述旋翼可为单旋翼、双旋翼、三旋翼、四旋翼、六旋翼及八旋翼等。为便于描述,以无人飞行器为例进行说明。
在一实施例中,所述无人机2为无人飞行器,所述控制装置1用于控制所述无人机2的移动,所述移动可包括起飞、着陆、飞行,及在空中关于三个平移自由度以及三个旋转自由度运动。其中控制所述无人机2的飞行包括但不限于,控制无人机2的飞行速度、高度、姿态等。
在一些实施例中,所述无人机2还可包括用于承载负载的载体,所述载体可为万向节等能够绕所述中心部绕一个或多个轴旋转的承载机构。所述承载机构用于承载功能负载或非功能负载。所述功能负载可以是用于执行特定功能的负载,譬如,影像获取装置、传感器、发射器、工具、仪器、操纵器,或其他功能装置。所述控制装置1可发送控制指令控制所述负载。
所述控制装置1与所述无人机2可分别设置能够相互通信的通信模块。所述通信模块之间可采用无线通信方式,例如可以但不限于为一种无线射频收发器。所述无线射频收发器可由几个元件组成,包括射频(Radio Frequency,RF)过滤器,所述RF过滤器仅允许指定信号波段通过。所述无线射频收发器还可包括一RF前端,所述RF前端是一集成电路,用于执行:降频转换所述RF信号至中频(Intermediate Frequency, IF)信号;放大所述IF信号,采用IF过滤器过滤所述信号及采用芯片内的模数转换器转换所述信号至两个数位分量:标记和量级。一锁相回路过滤器被用于将所述降频转换器与作为时基的参考晶体一起内置至所述RF前端。所述RF前端的IF放大器的增益可通过自动增益控制(Automatic gain control, AGC)信号控制。
在所述实施例中,所述无线射频收发器可为一用于执行收发微波信号的专用集成电路,其运行频率可在5.728GHz – 5.85GHz的微波范围。可以理解的是,所述无线射频收发器的运行频率也可以在其他的微波范围。所述无线射频收发器可通过天线接收和传输无线电信号。
请参阅图2所示,为本发明一实施方式的控制装置10的结构框图。所述控制装置10包括脑电波采集装置100、处理器102及传输装置104。所述处理器102可与所述脑电波采集装置100、传输装置104集成在同一个电子装置(例如头戴式设备)上。在一些实施例中,所述脑电波采集装置100也可以与所述处理器102分开独立设置。所述脑电波采集装置100与所述处理器102之间通信连接,所述连接方式可采用任何适宜的有线或无线连接方式,例如通过USB、CAN、I2C等各种通信端口连接的有线方式;及蓝牙、红外线、WiFi、2G、3G、4G或5G等移动通信网络等无线方式。
所述脑电波采集装置100用于采集用户脑电波。所述脑电波采集装置100可以是用于检测用户脑电波的任意类型的脑电波装置,例如神念科技的TGAM模组。所述脑电波采集装置100可采用头戴式设备,直接佩戴在用户头上,通过设置在用户头上一个或多个部位(例如,在头顶、前额部、后枕部等)的脑电波传感器采集用户的脑电波信号。每个部位可设置一个或多个脑电波传感器,结合多个脑电波传感器所获取的脑电波信号进行综合分析,可使得所采集得到的脑电波信号更准确。对所述多个脑电波传感器所获取的脑电波信号进行综合分析可包括对所接收到的脑电波信号的幅值及/或频率进行加权计算或平均计算。
所述一个或多个脑电波传感器可根据预设的采样频率采样用户的脑电波信号。在一些实施例中,多个脑电波传感器可采用统一的采样频率进行采样,也可以分别采用不同的采样频率进行采样。在一些实施例中,也可以根据用户脑电波信号来调整一个或多个脑电波传感器的采用频率。例如,当检测到用户脑电波处于一预设范围(例如0-4hz)时,可能表征用户大脑处于放松或休息状态,此时可降低一个或多个脑电波传感器的采用频率。
所述处理器102可为一中央处理器(Central Processing Unit, CPU),微处理器或其他数据处理芯片,也可为其他具有数据处理功能的电子设备,例如移动终端、电脑等。接收来自所述脑电波采集装置100所采集的脑电波信号,根据预先设置的脑电波信号与控制指令的对应关系来确定所采集的脑电波信号所对应的控制指令。具体地,可以预先在一存储装置中存储脑电波信号与控制指令对应关系表,当所述处理器102接收到所采集的脑电波信号时,在该对应关系表中搜索与所采集到的脑电波信号相匹配的脑电波信号及其对应的控制指令。在一实施例中,在搜索与所采集的脑电波信号相匹配的脑电波信号时,可采用一预定规则进行匹配搜索,例如所采集的脑电波与预先存储的某一特定脑电波信号相似性达到一预定值(例如90%)时,则认为所采集的脑电波与预先存储的特定脑电波信号相匹配,所述预先存储的特定脑电波信号所对应的控制指令即为所采集到的脑电波对应的控制指令。
所述传输装置104与所述处理器102通信连接,用于将所述处理器确定的控制指令传输至被控无人机2。所述传输装置104可采用任何现有的适宜的无线传输方式,例如射频信号、移动通信网络、卫星、广播等。当所述处理器102为具有数据处理功能的电子装置时,所述传输装置104可为所述电子装置的移动通信模块。在其他实施例中,所述传输装置104还可以为独立于所述处理器102的电子设备,例如遥控器,所述遥控器将所述处理器102产生的控制指令传输至所述无人机,所述控制指令可通过无线射频信号或移动通信网络传输至所述无人机。
请参阅图3所示,为本发明第一实施方式的脑电波采集装置100的结构框图。所述脑电波采集装置100可包括依次连接的电极1000、前置放大器1002、带通滤波电路1004、工频陷波电路1006、主放大电路1008及模数转换器1010。所述电极1000感应脑电波信号,经过前置放大器1002进行初步放大处理,再经过所述带通滤波电路1004及所述工频陷波电路1006滤除干扰和噪声,然后再经过主放大电路1008进一步放大处理,最后经过模数转换器1010转换成数字信号输出至所述处理器102。
请参阅图4所示,为本发明第一实施方式的控制方法流程图。根据不同需求,该流程图中步骤的顺序可以改变,某些步骤可以省略或合并。
步骤1022,所述处理器102从脑电波采集装置100接收脑电波信号。
步骤1024,所述处理器102根据接收到的脑电波信号搜索相匹配的预先存储的脑电波信号。具体地,首先搜索是否存在相同的脑电波信号,如果存在,则以相同的脑电波信号作为匹配脑电波信号,如果不存在,则继续搜索相似的脑电波信号(相似度达到一预设值,例如90%)。当在一实施方式中,当搜索到多个相似的脑电波信号时,以相似度最高的脑电波信号作为匹配的脑电波信号。在一实施例中,若搜索不到符合的匹配脑电波信号,则所述处理器102控制所述脑电波采集装置100重新采集脑电波信号,再以重新采集到的脑电波信号再次执行搜索操作,直到搜索到匹配脑电波信号。在一实施例中,当多次执行搜索均没找到匹配脑电波信号时,所述处理器102可通过报警装置执行报警操作,以提示错误。例如,通过指示灯或扬声器等进行报警。在上述搜索匹配脑电波信号时,可采用特征匹配的方式,即通过预定方法提取脑电波信号中的特征点进行匹配。所述特征点的确定可以是基于时间的,也可以是基于幅值的,或基于其他特征值确定的。
步骤1026,所述处理器102根据确定的匹配脑电波信号生成控制指令。具体地,每一预先存储的脑电波信号均对应有一预定的控制指令,所述匹配脑电波信号所对应的控制指令即为所述处理器需要生成的控制指令。
步骤1028,所述处理器102通过传输装置104将生成的控制指令传输至被控无人机2,以控制所述无人机2的运行。
在所述控制方法的步骤1022之前,还可包括建立控制指令与脑电波对应关系的步骤。例如:起飞这个飞机控制指令,可以让用户在脑中想象起飞这一飞行动作,然后采集并识别此时用户的脑电波特征,并将此特征标记与起飞指令相关联。
请参阅图5所示,为本发明第二实施方式的控制装置20的结构框图。所述控制装置20除包括脑电波采集装置200、处理器202及传输装置204外,还包括姿态传感器206。所述脑电波采集装置200、处理器202、传输装置204分别类似于第一实施例中的脑电波采集装置100、处理器102及传输装置104,在此不赘述。
所述姿态传感器206与所述处理器202通信连接,用于采集用户姿态,并将所采集的用户姿态信号传输至所述处理器202。所述姿态传感器206可通过有线或无线方式与所述处理器202通信连接。
所述姿态传感器206可包括,但不限于6轴传感器和磁力计。所述姿态传感器206可设置在头戴式脑电波采集装置200上,采集用户头部姿势,所述处理器202根据用户头部姿势及用户脑电波信号产生控制所述无人机或所述无人机上的云台姿态的指令。所述云台用于连接一负载(例如相机),以控制所述负载的姿态。在其他实施例中,所述姿态传感器206还可以设置在用户其他部位,例如手上,通过用户的手部姿势来控制无人机的移动。在一些实施例中,所述姿态信号与所述脑电波信号可以共同用来确定控制无人机飞行的控制指令。在一些实施例中,所述姿态传感器206所采集的姿态信号也可以与所述脑电波信号分别控制所述无人机2的不同部件,例如,所述脑电波信号用来控制无人机2的飞行,所述姿态信号用来控制无人机上的负载相对所述无人机的机身的运动。
在本实施例中,当所述处理器202基于所述脑电波信号所产生的控制指令与基于所述用户姿态信号产生的控制指令只控制所述无人机或所述负载中的其中之一时,如只控制所述无人机或所述无人机上的云台姿态中的其中之一时,所述处理器202在判断到基于用户头部姿势与用户脑电波信号产生控制的指令一致时,才发出对应的控制指令来控制该部件。举例说明,当用户头部姿势及用户脑电波信号均用于控制无人机时,当用户头戴式设备检测到用户头部姿势的是往左偏,同时脑电波信号是用于控制所述无人机向左飞时,所述处理器202才根据用户头部姿势及用户脑电波信号产生控制所述无人机向左飞的指令。这样可以进一步避免误操作。
请参阅图6所示,为本发明第二实施方式的控制方法流程图。根据不同需求,该流程图中步骤的顺序可以改变,某些步骤可以省略或合并。
步骤2020,所述处理器202从脑电波采集装置200接收脑电波信号。
步骤2024,所述处理器202根据接收到的脑电波信号搜索相匹配的预先存储的脑电波信号,搜索方式类似步骤1024。
步骤2026,所述处理器202从姿态传感器206接收用户姿态信号。所述姿态信号包括但不限于,运动方向、速度、角度等。
步骤2028,所述处理器202根据接收到的脑电波信号及姿态信号确定控制指令。在一实施例中,所述处理器根据脑电波信号产生用于控制无人机状态的指令,例如起飞、飞行、着陆;所述处理器根据姿态信号确定用于控制无人机姿态的指令,例如飞行方向、飞行速度、飞行角度等。在其他实施例中,所述处理器根据脑电波信号产生用于控制无人机飞行的控制指令,根据姿态信号产生用于控制无人机上负载相对于无人机机身的运动的控制指令。每一姿态对应一控制指令,可以预先建立好姿态信号与控制指令的对应关系表,所述处理器202将接收到的姿态信号与预先存储的姿态信号进行匹配,从而确定与接收到的姿态信号对应的控制指令。
步骤2029,所述处理器202控制所述传输装置204将所述处理器产生的控制指令发送至无人机。
可以理解的是,在该实施例中,所述姿态信号的采集及所述脑电波信号的采集可同时放生,也可以不同时发生。
请参阅图7所示,为本发明第三实施方式的控制装置20的结构框图。所述控制装置30除包括脑电波采集装置300、处理器302及传输装置304外,还包括姿态传感器306和心电采集装置308。所述脑电波采集装置300、处理器302、传输装置304分别类似于第一实施例中的脑电波采集装置100、处理器102及传输装置104,姿态传感器306对类似于第二实施例中的姿态传感器206,在此不赘述。
所述心电采集装置308可设置在手环上,通过感测用户脉搏来获取用户心电信号。所述心电信号可为心电波形信号,通过判断心电波形信号的波动幅值和频率来确定用户心理状态。例如,当用户处于紧张状态时,心电波动频率较快、幅度较大。
请参阅图8所示,为本发明第三实施方式的控制方法流程图。根据不同需求,该流程图中步骤的顺序可以改变,某些步骤可以省略或合并。
步骤3020,所述处理器302从脑电波采集装置300接收脑电波信号。
步骤3024,所述处理器302根据接收到的脑电波信号搜索相匹配的预先存储的脑电波信号,搜索方式类似步骤1024。
步骤3026,所述处理器302从姿态传感器306接受用户姿态信号,从心电采集装置308接收心电信号。所述姿态信号包括但不限于,运动方向、速度、角度等。可以预先存储一心电信号与用户状态对应关系表,例如根据不同的心电波幅值与频率划分出区段,每一区段对应一种用户状态。用户状态可包括,但不限于,正常状态、紧张状态、疲劳状态等。
步骤3028,所述处理器302根据接收到的脑电波信号、姿态信号及心电信号生成控制指令。所述处理器302根据脑电波信号、姿态信号生成的控制指令,每一控制指令可分别与多个用户状态关联,例如当无人机根据处理器基于脑电波信号、姿态信号产生的控制指令进行飞行时,如果用户处于正常状态,保持当前的控制状态,如果用户处于紧张状态,则控制无人机进行紧急悬停状态,以避免所述处理器302根据紧张状态下的用户的脑电波生成错误的控制指令,直到用户状态恢复正常后再根据脑电波信号及姿态信号产生控制无人机的控制指令。
步骤3029,所述处理器302控制所述传输装置304将所述处理器302产生的控制指令发送至无人机。
可以理解,在第三实施例中,所述姿态传感器306可以省略,所述处理器302根据所述脑电波信号和心电信号产生控制所述无人机的控制指令。
另外,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,可以根据本发明的技术构思做出其它各种相应的改变与变形,而所有这些改变与变形都应属于本发明权利要求的保护范围。

Claims (52)

  1. 一种无人机控制装置,其特征在于,所述控制装置包括:
    脑电波采集装置,所述脑电波采集装置用于采集用户脑电波信号;
    处理器,所述处理器与所述脑电波采集装置通信连接,用于根据所述用户脑电波信号生成用于控制所述无人机或所述无人机上的负载的控制指令;及
    传输装置,所述传输装置与所述处理器及所述无人机通信连接,用于将所述控制指令传输至所述无人机或所述负载。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的控制装置,其特征在于,所述脑电波采集装置为头戴式设备。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的控制装置,其特征在于,所述脑电波采集装置包括至少一个贴设在用户脑部的脑电波传感器。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的控制装置,其特征在于,所述脑电波传感器的数量为多个,分别设置在用户脑部不同的部位。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的控制装置,其特征在于,所述用户脑部不同的部位包括:头顶、前额部、后枕部。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的控制装置,其特征在于,所述脑电波采集装置包括依次连接的电极、前置放大器、带通滤波电路、工频陷波电路、主放大电路及模数转换器,所述电极感应脑电波信号,经过前置放大器进行初步放大处理,再经过所述带通滤波电路及所述工频陷波电路滤除干扰和噪声,然后再经过主放大电路进一步放大处理,最后经过模数转换器转换成数字信号。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的控制装置,其特征在于,所述控制装置还包括姿态传感器,用于获取用户姿态信号,所述处理器根据所述用户姿态信号产生用于控制所述无人机或所述负载的控制指令。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的控制装置,其特征在于,基于所述脑电波信号所产生的控制指令与基于所述用户姿态信号产生的控制指令分别用于控制所述无人机和所述无人机上的负载。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的控制装置,其特征在于,所述无人机为无人飞行器,所述无人飞行器包括机身,所述负载设置在所述机身上,基于所述脑电波信号所产生的控制指令用于控制所述无人飞行器的飞行,基于所述用户姿态信号产生的控制指令用于控制所述负载相对所述机身的运动。
  10. 如权利要求7所述的控制装置,其特征在于,所述姿态传感器设置在用户头上,所感测的用户姿态信号为用户的头部姿态信号。
  11. 如权利要求7所述的控制装置,其特征在于,所述姿态传感器设置在用户手上,所感测的用户姿态信号为用户的手部姿态信号。
  12. 如权利要求7所述的控制装置,其特征在于,所述用户姿态信号包括方向、速度及角度。
  13. 如权利要求7所述的控制装置,其特征在于,所述姿态传感器包括六轴传感器及磁力计中的一种或几种。
  14. 如权利要求7所述的控制装置,其特征在于,当基于所述脑电波信号所产生的控制指令与基于所述用户姿态信号产生的控制指令只控制所述无人机或所述负载中的其中之一时,所述处理器在判断到用户头部姿势及用户脑电波信号产生控制的指令一致时,才发出对应的控制指令。
  15. 如权利要求1所述的控制装置,其特征在于,所述控制装置还包括心电采集装置,用于采集用户心电信号,所述处理器根据所述用户心电信号产生用于控制所述无人机的控制指令。
  16. 如权利要求15所述的控制装置,其特征在于,所述心电采集装置设置在用户手上。
  17. 如权利要求15所述的控制装置,其特征在于,所述心电信号对应用户状态,所述用户状态包括正常状态、紧张状态,当所采集的用户心电信号表征用户处于紧张状态时,所述处理器产生控制指令以控制所述无人机进入紧急悬停状态。
  18. 如权利要求1所述的控制装置,其特征在于,所述处理器为具有数据处理功能的电子装置,所述电子装置通过移动通信网络发送所述控制指令至所述无人机。
  19. 如权利要求1所述的控制装置,其特征在于,所述传输装置为遥控器,所述遥控器通过无线射频信号传输所述控制指令。
  20. 一种无人机套件,包括无人机及用于控制所述无人机的控制装置,所述控制装置包括:
    脑电波采集装置,所述脑电波采集装置用于采集用户脑电波信号;
    处理器,所述处理器与所述脑电波采集装置通信连接,用于根据所述用户脑电波信号生成用于控制所述无人机或所述无人机上的负载的控制指令;及
    传输装置,所述传输装置与所述处理器及所述无人机通信连接,用于将所述控制指令传输至所述无人机或所述负载。
  21. 如权利要求20所述的无人机套件,其特征在于,所述控制装置通过无线方式与所述无人机通信连接。
  22. 如权利要求20所述的无人机套件,其特征在于,所述脑电波采集装置为头戴式设备。
  23. 如权利要求22所述的无人机套件,其特征在于,所述脑电波采集装置包括至少一个贴设在用户脑部的脑电波传感器。
  24. 如权利要求23所述的无人机套件,其特征在于,所述脑电波传感器的数量为多个,分别设置在用户脑部不同的部位。
  25. 如权利要求24所述的无人机套件,其特征在于,所述用户脑部不同的部位包括:头顶、前额部、后枕部。
  26. 如权利要求20所述的无人机套件,其特征在于,所述脑电波采集装置包括依次连接的电极、前置放大器、带通滤波电路、工频陷波电路、主放大电路及模数转换器,所述电极感应脑电波信号,经过前置放大器进行初步放大处理,再经过所述带通滤波电路及所述工频陷波电路滤除干扰和噪声,然后再经过主放大电路进一步放大处理,最后经过模数转换器转换成数字信号。
  27. 如权利要求20所述的无人机套件,其特征在于,所述控制装置还包括姿态传感器,用于获取用户姿态信号,所述处理器根据所述用户姿态信号产生用于控制所述无人机或所述负载的控制指令。
  28. 如权利要求27所述的无人机套件,其特征在于,基于所述脑电波信号所产生的控制指令与基于所述用户姿态信号产生的控制指令分别用于控制所述无人机和所述无人机上的负载。
  29. 如权利要求28所述的无人机套件,其特征在于,所述无人机为无人飞行器,所述无人飞行器包括机身,所述负载设置在所述机身上,基于所述脑电波信号所产生的控制指令用于控制所述无人飞行器的飞行,基于所述用户姿态信号产生的控制指令用于控制所述负载相对所述机身的运动。
  30. 如权利要求27所述的无人机套件,其特征在于,所述姿态传感器设置在用户头上,所感测的用户姿态信号为用户的头部姿态信号。
  31. 如权利要求27所述的无人机套件,其特征在于,所述姿态传感器设置在用户手上,所感测的用户姿态信号为用户的手部姿态信号。
  32. 如权利要求27所述的无人机套件,其特征在于,所述用户姿态信号包括方向、速度及角度。
  33. 如权利要求27所述的无人机套件,其特征在于,所述姿态传感器包括六轴传感器及磁力计中的一种或几种。
  34. 如权利要求27所述的无人机套件,其特征在于,当基于所述脑电波信号所产生的控制指令与基于所述用户姿态信号产生的控制指令只控制所述无人机或所述负载中的其中之一时,所述处理器在判断到用户头部姿势及用户脑电波信号产生控制的指令一致时,才发出对应的控制指令。
  35. 如权利要求20所述的无人机套件,其特征在于,所述控制装置还包括心电采集装置,用于采集用户心电信号,所述处理器根据所述用户心电信号产生用于控制所述无人机的控制指令。
  36. 如权利要求35所述的无人机套件,其特征在于,所述心电采集装置设置在用户手上。
  37. 如权利要求35所述的无人机套件,其特征在于,所述心电信号对应用户状态,所述用户状态包括正常状态、紧张状态,当所采集的用户心电信号表征用户处于紧张状态时,所述处理器产生控制指令以控制所述无人机进入紧急悬停状态。
  38. 如权利要求20所述的无人机套件,其特征在于,所述处理器为具有数据处理功能的电子装置,所述电子装置通过移动通信网络发送所述控制指令至所述无人机。
  39. 如权利要求20所述的无人机套件,其特征在于,所述传输装置为遥控器,所述遥控器通过无线射频信号传输所述控制指令。
  40. 一种无人机控制方法,其特征在于,所述控制方法包括:
    接收脑电波采集装置采集的用户脑电波信号;
    根据用户脑电波信号产生控制所述无人机或所述无人机上的负载的控制指令;及
    发送所述控制指令至所述无人机或所述无人机上的负载。
  41. 如权利要求40所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述“根据用户脑电波信号产生控制所述无人机的控制指令”包括:
    根据所接收的用户脑电波信号搜索与所接收的用户脑电波信号相匹配的预先存储的脑电波信号,每一预先存储的脑电波信号对应一控制指令;及
    根据搜索到的预先存储的脑电波信号对应的控制指令确定用于控制所述无人机或所述无人机上的负载的控制指令。
  42. 如权利要求41所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述“根据所接收的用户脑电波信号搜索与所接收的用户脑电波信号相匹配的预先存储的脑电波信号”还包括提取所接收的用户脑电波信号的一个或多个特征,基于所述特征搜索与所述特征相匹配的预先存储的脑电波信号。
  43. 如权利要求41所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述特征的确定基于用户脑电波的幅值和频率。
  44. 如权利要求41所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所接收的脑电波信号为多个,所述控制方法还包括将所述多个脑电波信号进行加权计算,并以加权计算得到的用户脑电波信号作为基础去搜索相匹配的预先存储的脑电波信号。
  45. 如权利要求40所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述控制方法还包括:
    接收来自姿态传感器的姿态信号;及
    根据所述姿态信号产生用于控制所述无人机或所述无人机上的负载的控制指令。
  46. 如权利要求45所述的控制方法,其特征在于,基于脑电波信号产生的控制指令用于控制所述无人机的飞行,基于所述姿态信号产生的控制指令用于控制无人机的负载相对于所述无人机的机身的运动。
  47. 如权利要求45所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述姿态信号为用户头部姿态信号或用户手部姿态信号。
  48. 如权利要求45所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述用户姿态信号包括方向、速度、角度中的至少一种。
  49. 如权利要求45所述的控制方法,其特征在于,当基于所述脑电波信号所产生的控制指令与基于所述用户姿态信号产生的控制指令只控制所述无人机或所述负载中的其中之一时,在判断到用户头部姿势及用户脑电波信号产生控制的指令一致时,才发出对应的控制指令。
  50. 如权利要求40所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述控制方法还包括:
    接收来自心电采集装置的心电信号;及
    根据所述心电信号产生用户控制所述无人机的控制指令。
  51. 如权利要求50所述的控制方法,其特征在于,不同的心电信号对应不同的用户状态,用户状态包括正常状态和紧张状态,当接收到的心电信号对应的用户状态为紧张状态时,产生控制所述无人机进入紧急悬停状态的控制指令。
  52. 如权利要求50所述的控制方法,其特征在于,根据心电信号的幅值和频率来确定用户状态。
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