WO2018112402A1 - Champs d'apprentissage pour paquets multi-gigabits directionnels améliorés - Google Patents

Champs d'apprentissage pour paquets multi-gigabits directionnels améliorés Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018112402A1
WO2018112402A1 PCT/US2017/066807 US2017066807W WO2018112402A1 WO 2018112402 A1 WO2018112402 A1 WO 2018112402A1 US 2017066807 W US2017066807 W US 2017066807W WO 2018112402 A1 WO2018112402 A1 WO 2018112402A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
trn
ppdu
wireless device
subfields
field
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PCT/US2017/066807
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English (en)
Inventor
Claudio Da Silva
Jonathan KOSLOFF
Tom Harel
Carlos Cordeiro
Michael Genossar
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Intel IP Corporation
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Publication of WO2018112402A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018112402A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2602—Signal structure
    • H04L27/261—Details of reference signals
    • H04L27/2613—Structure of the reference signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0686—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0695—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission using beam selection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0868—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and combining
    • H04B7/088—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and combining using beam selection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
    • H04L25/0224—Channel estimation using sounding signals
    • H04L25/0226—Channel estimation using sounding signals sounding signals per se
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/24—Cell structures
    • H04W16/28—Cell structures using beam steering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
    • H04W84/10—Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
    • H04W84/12—WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]

Definitions

  • Embodiments pertain to wireless networks and wireless communications. Some embodiments relate to wireless local area networks
  • Wi-Fi networks including networks operating in accordance with the IEEE 802.11 family of standards.
  • Some embodiments relate to IEEE 802.1 lad and/or IEEE 802.1 lay.
  • Some embodiments relate to methods, computer readable media, and apparatus for training fields for enhanced directional multi-gigabit (EDMG) packets (e.g., a physical layer convergence protocol (PLCP) protocol data unit (PPDU)).
  • EDMG enhanced directional multi-gigabit
  • PLCP physical layer convergence protocol
  • PPDU protocol data unit
  • WLAN Wireless Local Area Network
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a radio architecture in accordance with some embodiments
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a front-end module circuitry for use in the radio architecture of FIG. 1 in accordance with some embodiments
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a radio IC circuitry for use in the radio architecture of FIG. 1 in accordance with some embodiments
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a baseband processing circuitry for use in the radio architecture of FIG.1 in accordance with some embodiments
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a WLAN in accordance with some
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a block diagram of an example machine upon which any one or more of the techniques (e.g., methodologies) discussed herein may perform;
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a block diagram of an example wireless device
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a block diagram of an example machine upon which any one or more of the techniques (e.g., methodologies) discussed herein may perform;
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a block diagram of an example wireless device upon which any one or more of the techniques (e.g., methodologies or operations) discussed herein may perform;
  • FIG. 8 illustrates station in accordance with some embodiments
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a PPDU in accordance with some embodiments.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a training field in accordance with some embodiments;
  • FIG. 11 illustrates a method for training i fields of EDMG PPDUs, in accordance with some embodiments
  • FIG. 12 illustrates a method for training i fields of EDMG PPDUs, in accordance with some embodiments
  • FIG. 13 illustrates a method for training i fields of EDMG PPDUs, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates a method for training i fields of EDMG PPDUs, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a radio architecture 100 in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Radio architecture 100 may include radio front-end module (FEM) circuitry 104, radio IC circuitry 106 and baseband processing circuitry 108.
  • Radio architecture 100 as shown includes both Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) functionality and Bluetooth (BT) functionality although embodiments are not so limited.
  • WLAN Wireless Local Area Network
  • BT Bluetooth
  • FEM circuitry 104 may include a WLAN or Wi-Fi FEM circuitry
  • the WLAN FEM circuitry 104A may include a receive signal path comprising circuitry configured to operate on WLAN RF signals received from one or more antennas 101, to amplify the received signals and to provide the amplified versions of the received signals to the WLAN radio IC circuitry 106A for further processing.
  • the BT FEM circuitry 104B may include a receive signal path which may include circuitry configured to operate on BT RF signals received from one or more antennas 101, to amplify the received signals and to provide the amplified versions of the received signals to the BT radio IC circuitry 106B for further processing.
  • FEM circuitry 104A may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry configured to amplify WLAN signals provided by the radio IC circuitry 106A for wireless transmission by one or more of the antennas 101.
  • FEM circuitry 104B may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry configured to amplify BT signals provided by the radio IC circuitry 106B for wireless transmission by the one or more antennas.
  • FIG. 1 In the embodiment of FIG.
  • FEM 104A and FEM 104B are shown as being distinct from one another, embodiments are not so limited, and include within their scope the use of an FEM (not shown) that includes a transmit path and/or a receive path for both WLAN and BT signals, or the use of one or more FEM circuitries where at least some of the FEM circuitries share transmit and/or receive signal paths for both WLAN and BT signals.
  • Radio IC circuitry 106 as shown may include WLAN radio IC circuitry 106A and BT radio IC circuitry 106B.
  • the WLAN radio IC circuitry 106A may include a receive signal path which may include circuitry to down- convert WLAN RF signals received from the FEM circuitry 104A and provide baseband signals to WLAN baseband processing circuitry 108A.
  • BT radio IC circuitry 106B may in turn include a receive signal path which may include circuitry to down-convert BT RF signals received from the FEM circuitry 104B and provide baseband signals to BT baseband processing circuitry 108B.
  • WLAN radio IC circuitry 106A may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry to up-convert WLAN baseband signals provided by the WLAN baseband processing circuitry 108 A and provide WLAN RF output signals to the FEM circuitry 104A for subsequent wireless transmission by the one or more antennas 101.
  • BT radio IC circuitry 106B may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry to up-convert BT baseband signals provided by the BT baseband processing circuitry 108B and provide BT RF output signals to the FEM circuitry 104B for subsequent wireless transmission by the one or more antennas 101.
  • radio IC circuitries 106A and 106B are shown as being distinct from one another, embodiments are not so limited, and include within their scope the use of a radio IC circuitry (not shown) that includes a transmit signal path and/or a receive signal path for both WLAN and BT signals, or the use of one or more radio IC circuitries where at least some of the radio IC circuitries share transmit and/or receive signal paths for both WLAN and BT signals.
  • Baseband processing circuity 108 may include a WLAN baseband processing circuitry 108A and a BT baseband processing circuitry 108B.
  • the WLAN baseband processing circuitry 108A may include a memory, such as, for example, a set of RAM arrays in a Fast Fourier Transform or Inverse Fast Fourier Transform block (not shown) of the WLAN baseband processing circuitry 108A.
  • Each of the WLAN baseband circuitry 108A and the BT baseband circuitry 108B may further include one or more processors and control logic to process the signals received from the corresponding WLAN or BT receive signal path of the radio IC circuitry 106, and to also generate corresponding WLAN or BT baseband signals for the transmit signal path of the radio IC circuitry 106.
  • Each of the baseband processing circuitries 108A and 108B may further include physical layer (PHY) and medium access control layer (MAC) circuitry, and may further interface with application processor 111 for generation and processing of the baseband signals and for controlling operations of the radio IC circuitry 106.
  • PHY physical layer
  • MAC medium access control layer
  • WLAN-BT coexistence circuitry 113 may include logic providing an interface between the WLAN baseband circuitry 108A and the BT baseband circuitry 108B to enable use cases requiring WLAN and BT coexistence.
  • a switch 103 may be provided between the WLAN FEM circuitry 104A and the BT FEM circuitry 104B to allow switching between the WLAN and BT radios according to application needs.
  • the antennas 101 are depicted as being respectively connected to the WLAN FEM circuitry 104A and the BT FEM circuitry 104B, embodiments include within their scope the sharing of one or more antennas as between the WLAN and BT FEMs, or the provision of more than one antenna connected to each of FEM 104A or 104B.
  • the front-end module circuitry 104, the radio IC circuitry 106, and baseband processing circuitry 108 may be provided on a single radio card, such as wireless radio card 102.
  • the one or more antennas 101, the FEM circuitry 104 and the radio IC circuitry 106 may be provided on a single radio card.
  • the radio IC circuitry 106 and the baseband processing circuitry 108 may be provided on a single chip or integrated circuit (IC), such as IC 112.
  • the wireless radio card 102 may include a
  • the radio architecture 100 may be configured to receive and transmit orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) or orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) communication signals over a multicarrier communication channel.
  • OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexed
  • OFDMA orthogonal frequency division multiple access
  • radio architecture 100 may be part of a Wi-Fi communication station (STA) such as a wireless access point (AP), a base station or a mobile device including a Wi-Fi device.
  • STA Wi-Fi communication station
  • AP wireless access point
  • radio architecture 100 may be configured to transmit and receive signals in accordance with specific communication standards and/or protocols, such as any of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standards including, IEEE 802.11n-2009, IEEE 802.11-2012, IEEE 802.11-2016, IEEE 802.1 lac, IEEE 802.11ax, IEEE 802.11ad, IEEE 802.11ay, and/or WiGiG standards and/or proposed specifications for WLANs, although the scope of embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • Radio architecture 100 may also be suitable to transmit and/or receive communications in accordance with other techniques and standards.
  • the radio architecture 100 may be configured for high-efficiency (HE) Wi-Fi (HEW) communications in accordance with the IEEE 802.1 lax standard.
  • the radio architecture 100 may be configured to communicate in accordance with an OFDMA technique, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • the radio architecture 100 may be configured to transmit and receive signals transmitted using one or more other modulation techniques such as spread spectrum modulation (e.g., direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) and/or frequency hopping code division multiple access (FH-CDMA)), time-division multiplexing (TDM) modulation, and/or frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) modulation, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • spread spectrum modulation e.g., direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) and/or frequency hopping code division multiple access (FH-CDMA)
  • TDM time-division multiplexing
  • FDM frequency-division multiplexing
  • the BT baseband circuitry 108B may be compliant with a Bluetooth (BT) connectivity standard such as Bluetooth, Bluetooth 4.0 or Bluetooth 5.0, or any other iteration of the Bluetooth Standard.
  • BT Bluetooth
  • the radio architecture 100 may be configured to establish a BT synchronous connection oriented (SCO) link and/or a BT low energy (BT LE) link.
  • SCO BT synchronous connection oriented
  • BT LE BT low energy
  • the radio architecture 100 may be configured to establish an extended SCO (eSCO) link for BT communications, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • the radio architecture may be configured to engage in a BT Asynchronous Connection-Less (ACL) communications, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • ACL Asynchronous Connection-Less
  • the functions of a BT radio card and WLAN radio card may be combined on a single wireless radio card, such as single wireless radio card 102, although embodiments are not so limited, and include within their scope discrete WLAN and BT radio cards
  • the radio-architecture 100 may include other radio cards, such as a cellular radio card configured for cellular (e.g., 3GPP such as LTE, LTE-Advanced or 5G communications).
  • a cellular radio card configured for cellular (e.g., 3GPP such as LTE, LTE-Advanced or 5G communications).
  • the radio architecture 100 may be configured for communication over various channel bandwidths including bandwidths having center frequencies of about 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and bandwidths of about 1 MHz, 2 MHz, 2.5 MHz, 4 MHz, 5MHz, 8 MHz, 10 MHz, 16 MHz, 20 MHz, 40MHz, 80MHz (with contiguous bandwidths) or 80+80MHz (160MHz) (with non-contiguous bandwidths).
  • a 320 MHz channel bandwidth may be used.
  • the scope of the embodiments is not limited with respect to the above center frequencies however.
  • a 2.16 GHz channel may be used.
  • one or more of the 2.16 GHz channels that are adjacent may be bonded together.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates FEM circuitry 200 in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the FEM circuitry 200 is one example of circuitry that may be suitable for use as the WLAN and/or BT FEM circuitry 104A/104B (FIG. 1), although other circuitry configurations may also be suitable.
  • the FEM circuitry 200 may include a
  • the FEM circuitry 200 may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path.
  • the receive signal path of the FEM circuitry 200 may include a low -noise amplifier (LNA) 206 to amplify received RF signals 203 and provide the amplified received RF signals 207 as an output (e.g., to the radio IC circuitry 106 (FIG. 1)).
  • LNA low -noise amplifier
  • the transmit signal path of the circuitry 200 may include a power amplifier (PA) to amplify input RF signals 209 (e.g., provided by the radio IC circuitry 106), and one or more filters 212, such as band-pass filters (BPFs), low-pass filters (LPFs) or other types of filters, to generate RF signals 215 for subsequent transmission (e.g., by one or more of the antennas 101 (FIG. 1)) ⁇
  • PA power amplifier
  • filters 212 such as band-pass filters (BPFs), low-pass filters (LPFs) or other types of filters
  • the FEM circuitry 200 may be configured to operate in either the 2.4 GHz frequency spectrum, the 5 GHz frequency spectrum, or the 60 GHz spectrum.
  • the receive signal path of the FEM circuitry 200 may include a receive signal path duplexer 204 to separate the signals from each spectrum as well as provide a separate LNA 206 for each spectrum as shown.
  • the transmit signal path of the FEM circuitry 200 may also include a power amplifier 210 and a filter 212, such as a BPF, a LPF or another type of filter for each frequency spectrum and a transmit signal path duplexer 214 to provide the signals of one of the different spectrums onto a single transmit path for subsequent transmission by the one or more of the antennas 101 (FIG. 1).
  • BT communications may utilize the 2.4 GHZ signal paths and may utilize the same FEM circuitry 200 as the one used for WLAN communications.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates radio IC circuitry 300 in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the radio IC circuitry 300 is one example of circuitry that may be suitable for use as the WLAN or BT radio IC circuitry 106A/106B (FIG. 1), although other circuitry configurations may also be suitable.
  • the radio IC circuitry 300 may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path.
  • the receive signal path of the radio IC circuitry 300 may include at least mixer circuitry 302, such as, for example, down-conversion mixer circuitry, amplifier circuitry 306 and filter circuitry 308.
  • the transmit signal path of the radio IC circuitry 300 may include at least filter circuitry 312 and mixer circuitry 314, such as, for example, up- conversion mixer circuitry.
  • Radio IC circuitry 300 may also include synthesizer circuitry 304 for synthesizing a frequency 305 for use by the mixer circuitry 302 and the mixer circuitry 314.
  • the mixer circuitry 302 and/or 314 may each, according to some embodiments, be configured to provide direct conversion functionality.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates only a simplified version of a radio IC circuitry, and may include, although not shown, embodiments where each of the depicted circuitries may include more than one component.
  • mixer circuitry 320 and/or 314 may each include one or more mixers
  • filter circuitries 308 and/or 312 may each include one or more filters, such as one or more BPFs and/or LPFs according to application needs.
  • mixer circuitries when mixer circuitries are of the direct-conversion type, they may each include two or more mixers.
  • mixer circuitry 302 may be configured to down-convert RF signals 207 received from the FEM circuitry 104 (FIG. 1) based on the synthesized frequency 305 provided by synthesizer circuitry 304.
  • the amplifier circuitry 306 may be configured to amplify the down-converted signals and the filter circuitry 308 may include a LPF configured to remove unwanted signals from the down-converted signals to generate output baseband signals 307.
  • Output baseband signals 307 may be provided to the baseband processing circuitry 108 (FIG. 1) for further processing.
  • the output baseband signals 307 may be zero-frequency baseband signals, although this is not a requirement.
  • mixer circuitry 302 may comprise passive mixers, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • the mixer circuitry 314 may be configured to up-convert input baseband signals 31 1 based on the synthesized frequency 305 provided by the synthesizer circuitry 304 to generate RF output signals 209 for the FEM circuitry 104.
  • the baseband signals 31 1 may be provided by the baseband processing circuitry 108 and may be filtered by filter circuitry 312.
  • the filter circuitry 312 may include a LPF or a BPF, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • the mixer circuitry 302 and the mixer circuitry 314 may each include two or more mixers and may be arranged for quadrature down-conversion and/or up-conversion respectively with the help of synthesizer 304.
  • the mixer circuitry 302 and the mixer circuitry 314 may each include two or more mixers each configured for image rejection (e.g., Hartley image rejection).
  • the mixer circuitry 302 and the mixer circuitry 314 may be arranged for direct down- conversion and/or direct up-conversion, respectively.
  • the mixer circuitry 302 and the mixer circuitry 314 may be configured for superheterodyne operation, although this is not a requirement.
  • Mixer circuitry 302 may comprise, according to one embodiment: quadrature passive mixers (e.g., for the in-phase (I) and quadrature phase (Q) paths).
  • RF input signal 207 from Fig. 3 may be down- converted to provide I and Q baseband output signals to be sent to the baseband processor
  • Quadrature passive mixers may be driven by zero and ninety- degree time -varying LO switching signals provided by a quadrature circuitry which may be configured to receive a LO frequency (fro) from a local oscillator or a synthesizer, such as LO frequency 305 of synthesizer 304 (FIG. 3).
  • the LO frequency may be the carrier frequency, while in other embodiments, the LO frequency may be a fraction of the carrier frequency (e.g., one-half the carrier frequency, one-third the carrier frequency).
  • the zero and ninety-degree time-varying switching signals may be generated by the synthesizer, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • the LO signals may differ in duty cycle
  • each branch of the mixer circuitry e.g., the in-phase (I) and quadrature phase (Q) path
  • the RF input signal 207 may comprise a balanced signal, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • the I and Q baseband output signals may be provided to low-nose amplifier, such as amplifier circuitry 306 (FIG. 3) or to filter circuitry 308 (FIG. 3).
  • the output baseband signals 307 and the input baseband signals 311 may be analog baseband signals, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. In some alternate
  • the output baseband signals 307 and the input baseband signals 311 may be digital baseband signals.
  • the radio IC circuitry may include analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuitry.
  • ADC analog-to-digital converter
  • DAC digital-to-analog converter
  • a separate radio IC circuitry may be provided for processing signals for each spectrum, or for other spectrums not mentioned here, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • the synthesizer circuitry 304 may be a fractional -N synthesizer or a fractional N/N+1 synthesizer, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect as other types of frequency synthesizers may be suitable.
  • synthesizer circuitry 304 may be a delta-sigma synthesizer, a frequency multiplier, or a synthesizer comprising a phase-locked loop with a frequency divider.
  • the synthesizer circuitry 304 may include digital synthesizer circuitry.
  • frequency input into synthesizer circuity 304 may be provided by a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), although that is not a requirement.
  • VCO voltage controlled oscillator
  • a divider control input may further be provided by either the baseband processing circuitry 108 (FIG. 1) or the application processor 111 (FIG. 1) depending on the desired output frequency 305.
  • a divider control input (e.g., N) may be determined from a look-up table (e.g., within a Wi-Fi card) based on a channel number and a channel center frequency as determined or indicated by the application processor 111.
  • synthesizer circuitry 304 may be configured to generate a carrier frequency as the output frequency 305, while in other embodiments, the output frequency 305 may be a fraction of the carrier frequency (e.g., one-half the carrier frequency, one-third the carrier frequency). In some embodiments, the output frequency 305 may be a LO frequency (fLo).
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a functional block diagram of baseband processing circuitry 400 in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the baseband processing circuitry 400 is one example of circuitry that may be suitable for use as the baseband processing circuitry 108 (FIG. 1), although other circuitry configurations may also be suitable.
  • the baseband processing circuitry 400 may include a receive baseband processor (RX BBP) 402 for processing receive baseband signals 309 provided by the radio IC circuitry 106 (FIG. 1) and a transmit baseband processor (TX BBP) 404 for generating transmit baseband signals 311 for the radio IC circuitry 106.
  • RX BBP receive baseband processor
  • TX BBP transmit baseband processor
  • the baseband processing circuitry 400 may also include control logic 406 for coordinating the operations of the baseband processing circuitry 400.
  • the baseband processing circuitry 400 may include ADC 410 to convert analog baseband signals received from the radio IC circuitry 106 to digital baseband signals for processing by the RX BBP 402.
  • ADC 410 to convert analog baseband signals received from the radio IC circuitry 106 to digital baseband signals for processing by the RX BBP 402.
  • the baseband processing circuitry 400 may also include DAC 412 to convert digital baseband signals from the TX BBP 404 to analog baseband signals.
  • the transmit baseband processor 404 may be configured to generate OFDM or OFDMA signals as appropriate for transmission by performing an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT).
  • IFFT inverse fast Fourier transform
  • the receive baseband processor 402 may be configured to process received OFDM signals or OFDMA signals by performing an FFT.
  • the receive baseband processor 402 may be configured to detect the presence of an OFDM signal or OFDMA signal by performing an autocorrelation, to detect a preamble, such as a short preamble, and by performing a cross-correlation, to detect a long preamble.
  • the preambles may be part of a predetermined frame structure for Wi-Fi communication.
  • the antennas 101 are identical to each other. [0054] Referring back to FIG. 1, in some embodiments, the antennas 101 are identical to each other.
  • FIG. 1 may each comprise one or more directional or omnidirectional antennas, including, for example, dipole antennas, monopole antennas, patch antennas, loop antennas, microstrip antennas or other types of antennas suitable for transmission of RF signals.
  • the antennas may be effectively separated to take advantage of spatial diversity and the different channel characteristics that may result.
  • Antennas 101 may each include a set of phased-array antennas, although embodiments are not so limited.
  • the radio-architecture 100 is illustrated as having several separate functional elements, one or more of the functional elements may be combined and may be implemented by combinations of software-configured elements, such as processing elements including digital signal processors (DSPs), and/or other hardware elements.
  • processing elements including digital signal processors (DSPs), and/or other hardware elements.
  • some elements may comprise one or more microprocessors, DSPs, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), radio-frequency integrated circuits (RFICs) and combinations of various hardware and logic circuitry for performing at least the functions described herein.
  • the functional elements may refer to one or more processes operating on one or more processing elements.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a WLAN 500 in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the WLAN may comprise a basis service set (BSS) or personal BSS (PBSS) 500 that may include a access point (AP) 502, which may be an AP or a station acting as a PBSS control point (PCP), stations 504 (e.g., IEEE 802.1 lay), and legacy devices 506 (e.g., IEEE 802.1 ln/ac/ad).
  • the access point 502 and/or stations 504 may be an enhanced DMG (EDMG) access point or EDMG stations, respectively.
  • the legacy devices 506 may be DMG devices.
  • the AP 502 may be an AP configured to transmit and receive in accordance with one or more IEEE 802.11 communication protocols, IEEE 802.1 lax or IEEE 802.1 lay.
  • the access point 502 is a base station.
  • the access point 502 may be part of a PBSS.
  • the access point 502 may use other communications protocols as well as the IEEE 802.11 protocol.
  • the IEEE 802.11 protocol may include using orthogonal frequency division multiple-access (OFDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), and/or code division multiple access (CDMA).
  • OFDMA orthogonal frequency division multiple-access
  • TDMA time division multiple access
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • the IEEE 802.11 protocol may include a multiple access technique.
  • the IEEE 802.11 protocol may include code division multiple access (CDMA), space-division multiple access (SDMA), multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), multi-user (MU) MIMO (MU-MIMO), and/or single-input single-output (SISO).
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • SDMA space-division multiple access
  • MIMO multiple-input multiple-output
  • MU-MIMO multi-user MIMO
  • SISO single-input single-output
  • the access point 502 and/or station 504 may be configured to operate in accordance with Next Generation 60 (NG60), WiFi Gigabyte (WiGiG), and/or IEEE 802.1 lay.
  • NG60 Next Generation 60
  • WiGiG WiFi Gigabyte
  • IEEE 802.1 lay IEEE 802.1 lay.
  • the legacy devices 506 may operate in accordance with one or more of IEEE 802.11 a/b/g/n/ac/ad/af/ah/aj, or another legacy wireless communication standard.
  • the legacy devices 506 may be IEEE 802 stations.
  • the stations 504 may be wireless transmit and receive devices such as cellular telephone, smart telephone, handheld wireless device, wireless glasses, wireless watch, wireless personal device, tablet, or another device that may be transmitting and receiving using the IEEE 802.11 protocol such as IEEE
  • the access point 502 may be attached to a BSS and may also operate in accordance with IEEE 802.1 lay where one of the stations 504 and/or access point 502 takes the role of the PCP.
  • the access point 502 may be a station 504 taking the role of the PCP.
  • the access point 502 may communicate with legacy devices 506 in accordance with legacy IEEE 802.11 communication techniques.
  • the access point 502 may also be configured to communicate with stations 504 in accordance with legacy IEEE 802.11 communication techniques.
  • the access point 502 may use techniques of 802.1 lad for communication with legacy devices 106.
  • the access point 502 and/or stations 504 may be a personal basic service set (PBSS) Control Point (PCP) which can be equipped with large aperture antenna array or Modular Antenna Array (MA A).
  • PBSS personal basic service set
  • PCP Control Point
  • MA A Modular Antenna Array
  • the access point 502 and/or stations 504 may be equipped with more than one antenna. Each of the antennas of access point 502 and/or stations 504 may be a phased array antenna with many elements. In some embodiments, an IEEE 802.1 lay frame may be configurable to have the same bandwidth as a channel. In some embodiments, the access point 502 and/or stations 504 may be equipped with one or more directional multi-gigabit (DMG) antennas or enhanced DMG (EDMG) antennas, which may include multiple radio-frequency base band (RF-BB) chains. The access point 502 and/or stations 504 may be configured to perform beamforming and may have an antenna weight vector (AWV) associated with one or more antennas.
  • AAV antenna weight vector
  • the AP 502 and/or stations 504 may be a EDMG AP 502 or EDMG station 504, respectively.
  • the access point 502 and/or STA 504 may transmit a frame, e.g., a PPDU.
  • An IEEE 802.1 lay frame may be configured for transmitting a number of spatial streams, which may be in accordance with MU-MIMO.
  • the AP 502, stations 504, and/or legacy devices 506 may also implement different technologies such as code division multiple access (CDMA) 2000, CDMA 2000 IX, CDMA 2000 Evolution-Data Optimized (EV- DO), Interim Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), Interim Standard 856 (IS-856), Long Term Evolution (LTE), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), GSM EDGE (GERAN), IEEE 802.16 (i.e., Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)), BlueTooth®, or other technologies.
  • the AP 502 and/or stations 504 may be configured to implement more than one communications protocols, which may be collocated in the same device. The two or more communications protocols may use common or separate components to implement the communications protocols.
  • an AP In accordance with some IEEE 802.1 lay embodiments, an AP
  • the 502 may be arranged to contend for a wireless medium (e.g., during a contention period) to receive exclusive control of the medium, which may be termed a transmission opportunity (TxOP) for performing beamforming training for a multiple access technique such as OFDMA or MU-MIMO.
  • TxOP transmission opportunity
  • the multiple-access technique used during a TxOP may be a scheduled OFDMA technique, although this is not a requirement.
  • the multiple access technique may be a space-division multiple access (SDMA) technique.
  • SDMA space-division multiple access
  • the AP 502 may communicate with legacy stations 506 and/or stations 504 in accordance with legacy IEEE 802.11 communication techniques.
  • the radio architecture of FIG. 5, the front-end module circuitry of FIG. 2, the radio IC circuitry of FIG. 3, and/or the base-band processing circuitry of FIG. 4 may be configured to perform the methods and functions herein described in conjunction with FIGS. 1-14.
  • the stations 504, an apparatus of the stations 504, the access point 502, and/or an apparatus of an access point 502 may include one or more of the following: the radio architecture of FIG. 1, the front-end module circuitry of FIG. 2, the radio IC circuitry of FIG. 3, and/or the base-band processing circuitry of FIG. 4.
  • the stations 504, apparatuses of the stations 504, the access points 502, and/or apparatuses of the access point 502, are configured to perform the methods and functions described herein in conjunction with FIGS. 1-14.
  • the term Wi-Fi may refer to one or more of the IEEE 802.11 communication standards.
  • AP may refer to an access point 502.
  • STA may refer to a station 504 and/or a legacy device 506.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a block diagram of an example machine 600 upon which any one or more of the techniques (e.g., methodologies) discussed herein may perform.
  • the machine 600 may operate as a standalone device or may be connected (e.g., networked) to other machines.
  • the machine 600 may operate in the capacity of a server machine, a client machine, or both in server-client network environments.
  • the machine 600 may act as a peer machine in peer-to-peer (P2P) (or other distributed) network environment.
  • P2P peer-to-peer
  • the machine 600 may be a access point 502, HE station 104, personal computer (PC), a tablet PC, a set-top box (STB), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a portable communications device, a mobile telephone, a smart phone, a web appliance, a network router, switch or bridge, or any machine capable of executing instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine.
  • PC personal computer
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • portable communications device a mobile telephone
  • smart phone a web appliance
  • network router switch or bridge
  • Machine 600 may include a hardware processor 602 (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a hardware processor core, or any combination thereof), a main memory 604 and a static memory 606, some or all of which may communicate with each other via an interlink (e.g., bus) 608.
  • a hardware processor 602 e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a hardware processor core, or any combination thereof
  • main memory 604 e.g., main memory
  • static memory 606 e.g., static memory
  • main memory 604 includes Random Access
  • RAM Random Access Memory
  • semiconductor memory devices which may include, in some embodiments, storage locations in semiconductors such as registers.
  • static memory 606 include non-volatile memory, such as semiconductor memory devices (e.g., Electrically Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM)) and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; RAM; and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks.
  • semiconductor memory devices e.g., Electrically Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM)
  • flash memory devices e.g., Electrically Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM)
  • EPROM Electrically Programmable Read-Only Memory
  • EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
  • flash memory devices e.g., Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM)
  • flash memory devices e.g., Electrically Erasable Programm
  • the machine 600 may further include a display device 610, an input device 612 (e.g., a keyboard), and a user interface (UI) navigation device 614 (e.g., a mouse).
  • the display device 610, input device 612 and UI navigation device 614 may be a touch screen display.
  • the machine 600 may additionally include a mass storage (e.g., drive unit) 616, a signal generation device 618 (e.g., a speaker), a network interface device 620, and one or more sensors 621, such as a global positioning system (GPS) sensor, compass, accelerometer, or other sensor.
  • GPS global positioning system
  • the machine 600 may include an output controller 628, such as a serial (e.g., universal serial bus (USB), parallel, or other wired or wireless (e.g., infrared(IR), near field communication (NFC), etc.) connection to communicate or control one or more peripheral devices (e.g., a printer, card reader, etc.).
  • the processor 602 and/or instructions 624 may comprise one or more of physical layer circuitry, MAC layer circuitry, processing circuitry, and/or transceiver circuitry.
  • the processing circuitry may include one or more of the processor 602, the instructions 624, physical layer circuitry, MAC layer circuity, and/or transceiver circuitry.
  • the processor 602, instructions 624, physical layer circuitry, MAC layer circuity, processing circuitry, and/or transceiver circuitry may be configured to perform one or more of the methods and/or operations disclosed herein.
  • the storage device 616 may include a machine readable medium
  • the instructions 624 may also reside, completely or at least partially, within the main memory 604, within static memory 606, or within the hardware processor 602 during execution thereof by the machine 600.
  • the hardware processor 602, the main memory 604, the static memory 606, or the storage device 616 may constitute machine readable media.
  • machine readable media may include: nonvolatile memory, such as semiconductor memory devices (e.g., EPROM or EEPROM) and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; RAM; and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks.
  • nonvolatile memory such as semiconductor memory devices (e.g., EPROM or EEPROM) and flash memory devices
  • magnetic disks such as internal hard disks and removable disks
  • magneto-optical disks such as CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks.
  • machine readable medium 622 is illustrated as a single medium, the term “machine readable medium” may include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers) configured to store the one or more instructions 624.
  • machine readable medium may include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers) configured to store the one or more instructions 624.
  • an apparatus used by the station 500 may include various components of the station 504 as shown in FIG. 5 and/or the example machines 100, 200, 300, or 600. Accordingly, techniques and operations described herein that refer to the station 504 may be applicable to an apparatus of the station 504, in some embodiments. It should also be noted that in some embodiments, an apparatus used by the AP 502 may include various components of the AP 502 as shown in FIG. 5 and/or the example machine 100, 200, 300, or 600. Accordingly, techniques and operations described herein that refer to the AP 502 may be applicable to an apparatus for an AP, in some embodiments.
  • An apparatus of the machine 600 may be one or more of a hardware processor 602 (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a hardware processor core, or any combination thereof), a main memory 604 and a static memory 606, sensors 621, network interface device 620, antennas 660, a display device 610, an input device 612, a UI navigation device 614, a mass storage 616, instructions 624, a signal generation device 618, and an output controller 628.
  • the apparatus may be configured to perform one or more of the methods and/or operations disclosed herein.
  • the apparatus may be intended as a component of the machine 600 to perform one or more of the methods and/or operations disclosed herein, and/or to perform a portion of one or more of the methods and/or operations disclosed herein.
  • the apparatus may include a pin or other means to receive power.
  • the apparatus may include power conditioning hardware. Accordingly, apparatuses, devices, and operations described herein that refer to the station 504 and/or AP 502 may be applicable to an apparatus for the station 504 and/or AP 502.
  • machine readable medium may include any medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution by the machine 600 and that cause the machine 600 to perform any one or more of the techniques of the present disclosure, or that is capable of storing, encoding or carrying data structures used by or associated with such instructions.
  • Non- limiting machine readable medium examples may include solid-state memories, and optical and magnetic media.
  • machine readable media may include: non-volatile memory, such as semiconductor memory devices (e.g., Electrically Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM)) and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; Random Access Memory (RAM); and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks.
  • non-volatile memory such as semiconductor memory devices (e.g., Electrically Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM)) and flash memory devices
  • magnetic disks such as internal hard disks and removable disks
  • magneto-optical disks such as internal hard disks and removable disks
  • RAM Random Access Memory
  • CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks.
  • machine readable media may include non-transitory machine- readable media.
  • machine readable media may include machine readable media that is not a transitor
  • the instructions 624 may further be transmitted or received over a communications network 626 using a transmission medium via the network interface device 620 utilizing any one of a number of transfer protocols (e.g., frame relay, internet protocol (IP), transmission control protocol (TCP), user datagram protocol (UDP), hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), etc.).
  • transfer protocols e.g., frame relay, internet protocol (IP), transmission control protocol (TCP), user datagram protocol (UDP), hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), etc.
  • Example communication networks may include a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a packet data network (e.g., the Internet), mobile telephone networks (e.g., cellular networks), Plain Old Telephone (POTS) networks, and wireless data networks (e.g., Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.1 1 family of standards known as Wi-Fi®, IEEE 802.16 family of standards known as WiMax®), IEEE 802.6.4 family of standards, a Long Term Evolution (LTE) family of standards, a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) family of standards, peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, among others.
  • LAN local area network
  • WAN wide area network
  • POTS Plain Old Telephone
  • wireless data networks e.g., Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.1 1 family of standards known as Wi-Fi®, IEEE 802.16 family of standards known as WiMax®
  • IEEE 802.6.4 family of standards e.g., Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE
  • the network interface device 620 may include one or more physical jacks (e.g., Ethernet, coaxial, or phone jacks) or one or more antennas to connect to the communications network 626.
  • the network interface device 620 may include one or more antennas 660 to wirelessly communicate using at least one of single-input multiple-output (SIMO), multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), or multiple-input single-output (MISO) techniques.
  • SIMO single-input multiple-output
  • MIMO multiple-input multiple-output
  • MISO multiple-input single-output
  • the network interface device 620 may wirelessly communicate using Multiple User MIMO techniques.
  • transmission medium shall be taken to include any intangible medium that is capable of storing, encoding or carrying instructions for execution by the machine 600, and includes digital or analog communications signals or other intangible medium to facilitate communication of such software.
  • Examples, as described herein, may include, or may operate on, logic or a number of components, modules, or mechanisms.
  • Modules are tangible entities (e.g., hardware) capable of performing specified operations and may be configured or arranged in a certain manner.
  • circuits may be arranged (e.g., internally or with respect to external entities such as other circuits) in a specified manner as a module.
  • the whole or part of one or more computer systems (e.g., a standalone, client or server computer system) or one or more hardware processors may be configured by firmware or software (e.g., instructions, an application portion, or an application) as a module that operates to perform specified operations.
  • the software may reside on a machine readable medium.
  • the software when executed by the underlying hardware of the module, causes the hardware to perform the specified operations.
  • module is understood to encompass a tangible entity, be that an entity that is physically constructed, specifically configured (e.g., hardwired), or temporarily (e.g., transitorily) configured (e.g., programmed) to operate in a specified manner or to perform part or all of any operation described herein.
  • each of the modules need not be instantiated at any one moment in time.
  • the modules comprise a general -purpose hardware processor configured using software
  • the general-purpose hardware processor may be configured as respective different modules at different times.
  • Software may accordingly configure a hardware processor, for example, to constitute a particular module at one instance of time and to constitute a different module at a different instance of time.
  • Some embodiments may be implemented fully or partially in software and/or firmware.
  • This software and/or firmware may take the form of instructions contained in or on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. Those instructions may then be read and executed by one or more processors to enable performance of the operations described herein.
  • the instructions may be in any suitable form, such as but not limited to source code, compiled code, interpreted code, executable code, static code, dynamic code, and the like.
  • Such a computer-readable medium may include any tangible non- transitory medium for storing information in a form readable by one or more computers, such as but not limited to read only memory (ROM); random access memory (RAM); magnetic disk storage media; optical storage media; flash memory, etc.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a block diagram of an example wireless device
  • the wireless device 700 may be a HE device.
  • the wireless device 700 may be a HE STA 504 and/or HE AP 502 (e.g., FIG. 5).
  • a HE STA 504 and/or HE AP 502 may include some or all of the components shown in FIGS. 1-7.
  • the wireless device 700 may be an example machine 600 as disclosed in conjunction with FIG. 6.
  • the wireless device 700 may include processing circuitry 708.
  • the processing circuitry 708 may include a transceiver 702, physical layer circuitry (PHY circuitry) 704, and MAC layer circuitry (MAC circuitry) 706, one or more of which may enable transmission and reception of signals to and from other wireless devices 700 (e.g., HE AP 502, HE STA 504, and/or legacy devices 506) using one or more antennas 712.
  • the PHY circuitry 704 may perform various encoding and decoding functions that may include formation of baseband signals for transmission and decoding of received signals.
  • the transceiver 702 may perform various transmission and reception functions such as conversion of signals between a baseband range and a Radio Frequency (RF) range.
  • RF Radio Frequency
  • the PHY circuitry 704 and the transceiver 702 may be separate components or may be part of a combined component, e.g., processing circuitry 708.
  • some of the described functionality related to transmission and reception of signals may be performed by a combination that may include one, any or all of the PHY circuitry 704 the transceiver 702, MAC circuitry 706, memory 710, and other components or layers.
  • the MAC circuitry 706 may control access to the wireless medium.
  • the wireless device 700 may also include memory 710 arranged to perform the operations described herein, e.g., some of the operations described herein may be performed by instructions stored in the memory 710.
  • the antennas 712 may comprise one or more directional or omnidirectional antennas, including, for example, dipole antennas, monopole antennas, patch antennas, loop antennas, microstrip antennas or other types of antennas suitable for transmission of RF signals.
  • the antennas 712 may be effectively separated to take advantage of spatial diversity and the different channel characteristics that may result.
  • One or more of the memory 710, the transceiver 702, the PHY circuitry 704, the MAC circuitry 706, the antennas 712, and/or the processing circuitry 708 may be coupled with one another.
  • memory 710, the transceiver 702, the PHY circuitry 704, the MAC circuitry 706, the antennas 712 are illustrated as separate components, one or more of memory 710, the transceiver 702, the PHY circuitry 704, the MAC circuitry 706, the antennas 712 may be integrated in an electronic package or chip.
  • the wireless device 700 may be a mobile device as described in conjunction with FIG. 6.
  • the wireless device 700 may be configured to operate in accordance with one or more wireless communication standards as described herein (e.g., as described in conjunction with FIGS. 1-6, IEEE 802.1 1).
  • the wireless device 700 may include one or more of the components as described in conjunction with FIG. 6 (e.g., display device 610, input device 612, etc.)
  • the wireless device 700 is illustrated as having several separate functional elements, one or more of the functional elements may be combined and may be implemented by combinations of software-configured elements, such as processing elements including digital signal processors (DSPs), and/or other hardware elements.
  • DSPs digital signal processors
  • some elements may comprise one or more microprocessors, DSPs, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), radio-frequency integrated circuits (RFICs) and combinations of various hardware and logic circuitry for performing at least the functions described herein.
  • the functional elements may refer to one or more processes operating on one or more processing elements.
  • an apparatus of or used by the wireless device 700 may include various components of the wireless device 700 as shown in FIG. 7 and/or components from FIGS. 1-6. Accordingly, techniques and operations described herein that refer to the wireless device 700 may be applicable to an apparatus for a wireless device 700 (e.g., HE AP 502 and/or HE STA 504), in some embodiments.
  • the wireless device 700 is configured to decode and/or encode signals, packets, and/or frames as described herein, e .g . , PPDUs .
  • the MAC circuitry 706 may be arranged to contend for a wireless medium during a contention period to receive control of the medium for a HE TXOP and encode or decode an HE PPDU. In some embodiments, the MAC circuitry 706 may be arranged to contend for the wireless medium based on channel contention settings, a transmitting power level, and a clear channel assessment level (e.g., an energy detect level).
  • a clear channel assessment level e.g., an energy detect level
  • the PHY circuitry 704 may be arranged to transmit signals in accordance with one or more communication standards described herein.
  • the PHY circuitry 704 may be configured to transmit a HE PPDU.
  • the PHY circuitry 704 may include circuitry for modulation/demodulation, upconversion/downconversion, filtering, amplification, etc.
  • the processing circuitry 708 may include one or more processors.
  • the processing circuitry 708 may be configured to perform functions based on instructions being stored in a RAM or ROM, or based on special purpose circuitry.
  • the processing circuitry 708 may include a processor such as a general-purpose processor or special purpose processor.
  • the processing circuitry 708 may implement one or more functions associated with antennas 712, the transceiver 702, the PHY circuitry 704, the MAC circuitry 706, and/or the memory 710. In some embodiments, the processing circuitry 708 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions/operations and/or methods described herein.
  • communication between a station (e.g., the HE stations 504 of FIG. 5 or wireless device 700) and an access point (e.g., the HE AP 502 of FIG. 5 or wireless device 700) may use associated effective wireless channels that are highly directionally dependent.
  • beamforming techniques may be utilized to radiate energy in a certain direction with certain beamwidth to communicate between two devices.
  • the directed propagation concentrates transmitted energy toward a target device in order to compensate for significant energy loss in the channel between the two communicating devices.
  • Using directed transmission may extend the range of the millimeter-wave communication versus utilizing the same transmitted energy in omni-directional propagation.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates station 804 in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the station 804 may include antennas 810, RF-BB chains 806, and AWVs (antenna weight vectors) 808.
  • the antennas 810.1 through 810.N may be DMG antennas or EDMG antennas.
  • the antennas 810 may be configured to perform beamforming in accordance with an AWV 808.
  • an AWV 808 may be a vector of weights describing the excitation (e.g., amplitude and phase) for each antenna 810.
  • the RF-BB chains 806 may enable the station 804 to perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) on more than one antenna 810 simultaneously and may permit multiplexing gains.
  • CCA clear channel assessment
  • the RF-BB chains 806 may enable the station 804 to receive and/or transmit frames (e.g., PPDUs) simultaneously on different antennas 810.
  • the station 804 may determine AWVs 806 based on one or more communication protocols such as IEEE 802.1 lay.
  • the STA 804 may be an access point 502, a station 504, an DMG station 1218, an EDMG STA 1216, or an AP/PCP 1214.
  • the station 804 may have only one RF-BB chain 806 so that the station 804 can only decode a single data stream (e.g., PPDU) may be transmitted at a time.
  • the station 804 is configured for single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO) and downlink (DL) MU-MIMO.
  • SU-MIMO single-user MIMO
  • DL downlink
  • a maximum number of spatial streams per station 804 is eight (or 16) and DL MU-MIMO transmissions may be made up to eight stations 804 (or 16) simultaneously.
  • the antennas 810 may be configured for dual-polarized operation.
  • EDMG STA 1216 and an access point may use associated effective wireless channels that are highly directionally dependent.
  • beamforming techniques may be utilized to radiate energy in a certain direction with certain beamwidth to communicate between two wireless devices.
  • the directed propagation concentrates transmitted energy toward a target device (e.g., the EDMG STA 1216 or AP/PCP 1214) in order to compensate for significant energy loss in the channel between the two communicating wireless devices.
  • Using directed transmission may extend the range of the millimeter-wave communication versus utilizing the same transmitted energy in omni-directional propagation.
  • the beamforming trains the AWV (e.g., AWV 808), which may include a selection of antennas 810.
  • the station 804 may be configured to track phase variations due to carrier frequency offset (CFO) and/or phase noise during the reception of a TR field 900, 1000 (e.g., M-TRN 1014.1 through M-TRN 1014.M, or TRN 912.1 through TRN 912.4).
  • CFO carrier frequency offset
  • the station 804 is configured to estimate a first phase offset value (or values) using a first CE sequence (e.g., P-TRN 1016.1 through P-TRN 1016.N) of a TRN UNIT 1006 (e.g., TRN Unit 1006.1) before (or immediately before) the M-TRN 1014.1.
  • the station 804 is configured to make a second phase offset value (or values) using a second CE sequence (e.g., P-TRN sequences 1002.3) after (or immediately after) the M-TRN (e.g., M-TRN subfield 1018.1 through M-TRN subfield 1018.M).
  • the station 804 may then process the first phase offset value and the second phase offset value to obtain an estimate of an expected third phase offset for the TRN subfields between the first CE sequence and the second CE sequence; and, M-TRN subfields 1018.1 through 1018.M are between P-TRN subfield 1016.1 through P-TRN subfield 1016.N and P-TRN subfield 1020.1 and P-TRN subfield 1020.Y).
  • the station 804 may then process the received values of the TRN field 1000 (e.g., M-TRN subfield 1018.1 through M-TRN subfield 1018.M) based on the third phase offset.
  • the station 804 may determine the third phase offset by interpolation or another means.
  • the station 804 may use the last CE sequence (e.g., P-TRN subfield 1020.1 through P-TRN subfield 1020.Y) and the second to the last CE sequence (e.g., P-TRN subfield 1016.1 through P-TRN subfield 1016.N) for channel estimation, e.g., the phase offset value for the last TRN unit 1006 (e.g., M-TRN subfield 1018.1 through M-TRN subfield 1018.M).
  • the station 808 may be configured to perform beamforming as described herein.
  • the station 808 may be configured to encode and transmit training field 1000; and, be configured to receive and decode training field 1000.
  • the station 804 may be configured to change its AWV 808
  • the station 804 may change its AWV 808 to perform training on the AWV 808, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the station 804 may be configured for transmit beamforming training.
  • the station 804 when performing transmit beamforming training, transmits a PPDU (e.g., 900) that includes a TRN field 1000, and then receives feedback based on measured signals of the TRN field 1000 from a second station 804.
  • a PPDU e.g., 900
  • the station 804 may be configured for receive beamforming training.
  • the station 804 when performing receive beamforming training may receive a PPDU (e.g., 900) that includes a TRN field 1000, and adjust one or more AWVs 808 based on the measured signals received using the AWVs.
  • a PPDU e.g., 900
  • the TRN settings field 905 may provide a transition interval between processing the data field 904 and processing the one or more TRN units.
  • the T TRN subfields 1001 provides a transition interval between processing the data field 904 and processing the one or more TRN units 1006.
  • the transition interval may permit a receiver (e.g., station 804) of the PPDU 900 with the TRN field 1000 to complete the processing of the data field 904 before switching to the processing of the TRN field 1000.
  • some of the hardware processing blocks (e.g., processing circuitry 708) used to process the data field 904 are also used to process the TRN field 1000.
  • the station 804 is configured to refrain from using the T number of TRN subfields 1001 for AWV 808 training or for CE.
  • the station 804 may transmit the TRN field 906 (or a portion of the TRN field 906) with a different antenna 810 (or antennas 810) than used to transmit the preamble 902 and data 904 portion of the PPDU 900.
  • the station 804 may be configured to determine a AWV 808 for the P number of TRN subfields 1012, 1016 of each TRN unit 1006, where the AWV 808 may be different than a AWV 808 used to transmit the preamble 902 and the data 904.
  • the station 804 may determine different AWVs 808 for different P number of TRN subfields 1012, 1016 of TRN units 1006.
  • the station 804 may determine the AWVs 808 for the P number of TRN subfields 1012, 1016 based on whether the PPDU 900 is for transmitter beamforming training or receiver beamforming training. In some embodiments, the station 804 may be configured to determine the AWVs 808 to transmit the P number of TRN subfields 1012, 106 based on whether a same antenna 810 (or antennas) is used to transmit the preamble 902 and data 904 as is used for the TRN units 1006.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a PPDU 900 in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the PPDU 900 may include a preamble 902, data field 904, optionally a TRN setting 905, and TRN field 1000.
  • the preamble 902 may include one or more of the following fields: a length field 908, a TX/RX field 910, a P field 912, a M field 914, a N field 916, and a T field 917.
  • the length field 908 may indicate a number of TRN units 906, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the length field 908 may indicate a length of the TRN field 906 in a different way.
  • the TX/RX field 910 may indicate a number of consecutive TRN units for which the transmit AWV (e.g., 808) remains the same. For example, the value of TX/RX field 910 may be 2, which would indicate that each pair of TRN units 1006 (FIG.
  • the P field 912 may indicate a number of P-TR subfields 1012, 1016, per TRN unit 1006. In some embodiments, the P field 912 indicates a number of P-TRN subfields 1020.
  • the M field 914 may indicate a number of M-TRN subfields 1014, 1018 per TRN unit 1006.
  • a value of the N field 916 may indicate a number of M-TRN subfields 1014, 1018 that are transmitted with the same AWV consecutively.
  • the T field 917 may indicate a number of TRN subfields 1011 in the T TRN subfields 1001 that precede the first TRN unit 1006.1 , or a length of the TRN setting field 905.
  • the T TRN subfields 1001 may be Golay sequences.
  • the preamble 902 may include a legacy compatible portion (e.g., DMG IEEE 802.1 lad) and a EDMG IEEE 802.1 lay portion.
  • the data field 904 may be data.
  • the data field 904 may be encoded (e.g., with a modulation and coding scheme as well interleaved, etc.)
  • the TRN field 906 may be the same or similar as TRN field 1000.
  • the length field 908, TX/RX field 910, P field 912, M field 914, N field 916, and/or T field 917 may be transmitted in an information element of a different PPDU.
  • the TRN setting field 905 is optional and, in some embodiments, is not included in embodiments that include T TRN subfields 1001.
  • the preamble 902 may include one or more of the following fields a legacy (L) short-training field (STF)(L-STF), L channel estimation field (L-CEF), L-header, EDMG-Header-A, EDMG-STF, EDMG- CEF, and EDMG-Header-B.
  • the EDMG-Header-A and/or EDMG-Header-B may include the length field 908, TX/RX field 910, P field 912, M field 914, N field 916, and/or T field 917.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a training field 1000 in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the training field 1000 includes T TRN subfields 1001, L TRN units 1006, and P TRN sequences 1002.3 after the L TRN units 1006.
  • the T TRN subfields 1001 may be subfields to provide a transition interval for station 804 to finish processing the data field 904 before processing the one or more TRN units 1006 and P TRN sequences 1002.3.
  • the number of T TRN subfields 1001 may be determined based on the value of T field 917, or on the value of another field of the PPDU 900.
  • the subfields 1001 of T TRN subfields 1001 may be the same or similar to P-TRN subfields 1012, 1016, 1020, and/or M-TRN subfields 1014, 1018.
  • the T TRN subfields 1001 may one long Golay sequence or the concatenation of two or more Golay sequences.
  • the T TRN subfields 1001 may be transmitted using a same configuration/AWV 808 as used for the data field 904, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the T TRN subfields 1001 may be transmitted using a same configuration/AWV 808 as used for the P TRN sequences 1002.1 or another portion of the TRN field 906, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the T TRN subfields 1001 may be transmitted using a configuration/AWV 808 that may be predetermined or determined based on PPDU 900, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the value of T may be zero.
  • the value of T may be a value between 1 and 32.
  • Each TRN unit 1006 includes P TRN sequences 1002 and M TRN sequences 1004.
  • the P TRN sequences 1002 may be used for channel estimation.
  • the M TRN sequences may be used for beamforming (BF) training.
  • the number of TRN units 1006 (L) may be configurable or fixed.
  • the number of P-TRN subfields 1012, 1016 may be P per TRN unit 1006.
  • the number (P) of P-TRN subfields 1012, 1016 of a P TRN sequence 1002 may be configurable or fixed and may be different for different P TRN sequences 1002.
  • the number of M-TRN subfields 1014, 1018 may be M.
  • the number (M) of M-TRN subfields 1014, 1018 (M) of M TRN sequences 1004 may be configurable or fixed and may be different for different M TRN sequences 1004.
  • the number Y of P-TRN fields 1020 may be the same as P.
  • the P-TRN subfields 1012, 1016, 1020 are the same signals as the M-TRN subfields 1014, 1018 signals.
  • the P-TRN subfields 1012, 1016, and 1020 may be composed of Golay complementary sequences.
  • the M-TRN subfields 1014, 1018 may be composed of Golay complementary sequences.
  • the P-TRN subfields 1012, 1016, 1020 may be referred to as TRN subfields.
  • the M-TRN subfields 1014, 1018 may be referred to as TRN subfields.
  • a TRN Unit 1006 includes (P+M) TRN subfields (e.g., P-TRN subfields 1012 and M-TRN subfields 1014).
  • the first N M-TRN subfields 1014 may be transmitted with a same AWV (e.g., 808).
  • M- TRN subfield 1014.1 and M-TRN subfield 1014.2 are transmitted with a same AWV (e.g., AWV 1)
  • M-TRN subfield 1014.3 and M-TRN subfield 1014.4 are transmitted with a same AWV (e.g., AWV 2, which may be the same as or different than AWV 1)
  • M-TRN subfield 1014.5 and M-TRN subfield 1014.6 are transmitted with a same AWV (e.g., AWV 3, which may be the same as or different than AWV 1 or AWV 2), and so on for each pair of M-TRN subfields 1014 through M.
  • M-TRN subfield 1014.1, M-TRN subfield 1014.2, and M-TRN subfield 1014.3 are transmitted with a same AWV, and so on for each three M-TRN subfields 1014 through M.
  • the AWVs (AWV 1, AWV 2, and/or AWV 3) may be a same AWV as used to transmit another portion of a PPDU (e.g., 900) comprising the TRN field 1000.
  • TRN subfields 1011, P-TRN subfields 1012, 1016, 1020 and M-TRN 1014, 1018) are transmitted with a same AWV.
  • the training field 1000 includes the extra P TRN sequences 1002.3 after the L TRN units 1006 which may be used by the station 804 to improve performance for the M-TRN subfields 1018.1 through 1018. M as described in conjunction with FIG. 8 and herein. Values for one or more of P, M, L, Y, and N may be included in a PPDU that includes the training field 1000, e.g., PPDU 1000. In some embodiments, values of one or more of P, M, L, Y, N, and T may be derived from other values of P, M, L, Y, N, and T.
  • one or more of P, M, L, Y, N, and T may be transmitted in a different PPDU than the training field 1000.
  • a beacon frame with an information element that includes one or more of P, M, L, Y, N, and T may be transmitted in a different PPDU than the training field 1000.
  • the extra P TRN sequences 1002.3 after the L TRN units 1006 are optional.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates a method for training fields of EDMG PPDUs, in accordance with some embodiments. Illustrated in FIG. 11 is beacon interval 1102 and time 1104. Beacon interval 1102 may include beacon transmission interval (BTI) 1 106, association beamforming training (A-BFT) 1 108, announcement transmission interval (ATI) 1 1 10 (which may be optional), and data transfer interval (DTI) 11 12. In some embodiments, an A-BFT 1108 may be referred to as an A-BFT interval, A-BFT period, and/or A-BFT access period.
  • BTI beacon transmission interval
  • A-BFT association beamforming training
  • ATI announcement transmission interval
  • DTI data transfer interval
  • the beacon interval 1102 may not include each of the portions (e.g., BTI 1206, A-BFT 1208, ATI 1210, and DTI 1212) above and may include additional portions not illustrated.
  • the BTI 1 106 is a portion of the beacon interval 1 102 where beacons 1 120 (e.g., DMG or EDMG beacons) may be transmitted by the AP/PCP 1 1 14.
  • the beacons 1 120 (e.g., 1 120.1 through 1 120.N) may include training field 1000.
  • the beacons 1 120 may be PPDUs 900.
  • the EDMG STA 1 1 16 and/or DMG STA 1 1 18 may perform beamforming training using the beacons 1 120, e.g., to set AWV 808.
  • the beacons 1 120 may be transmitted on different sectors and/or on different spatial streams.
  • the A-BFT 1 108 and/or BTI 1106 may be used by EDMG STA
  • the SSW slots 1 124 and 1 124 provide an opportunity for a EDMG STA 11 16 and/or DMG STA 1 118 to associate with the AP/PCP 1 1 14.
  • the DMG STA 1 1 18 may be able to use only some of the SSW slots 1 122 and 1 124 (e.g., 1 124).
  • the SSW slots 1122 and 1 124 may include the AP/PCP 1 114 transmitting training field 1000.
  • the EDMG STA 1 1 16 and/or DMG STA 1 1 18 may transmit training fields 1000 during a SSW 1 122 and 1 124.
  • the SSW slots 1 122 and 1124 that provide an opportunity for an EDMG STA 1 1 16 to transmit may be an EDMG responder opportunity 1126.
  • the SSW slots 1 122 and 1 124 that provide an opportunity for a DMG STA 1 1 18 to transmit may be a DMG responder opportunity 1128.
  • the transmitting training fields 1000 may be transmitted as part of a PPDU 900.
  • the AP/PCP 1 1 14, EDMG STA 1 1 16, and/or DMG STA 1 1 18 may transmit feedback (not illustrated) in response to receiving training fields 1000.
  • the EDMG STA 1 116 or DMG STA 1118 may transmit training field 1000 to the AP/PCP 1114 during the A-BFT 1108 and the AP/PCP 1114 may send feedback to the EDMG STA 1116 or DMG STA 1118.
  • the ⁇ 1110 may be for the AP/PCP 1114 to exchange management information with associated and beam-trained STAs (e.g., EDMG STA 1116 or DMG 1118).
  • DTI 1112 may include one or more contention based access periods (CBAPs) and scheduled service periods (SPs) where the AP/PCP 1114, EDMG STA 1116, and/or DMG STA 1118 may exchange data frames.
  • CBAP contention based access periods
  • SPs scheduled service periods
  • EDCF enhanced distributed coordinate function
  • Communication during BTI and A-BFT may use a lower MCS value than during the ATI.
  • One or more communications 1130, 1132, and 1134, during the ATI 1110 and DTI 1112 may include transmitting training fields 1000, which may be part of PPDU 900, and may include transmitting feedback in response to the training fields 1000.
  • Two of AP/PCP 1114, EDMG STA 1116, and DMG 1118 may perform beamforming training with each other.
  • the beamforming training may include a sector level sweep (SLS) and beam refinement phase (BRP).
  • the beamforming training may be performed during the beacon interval 1102.
  • the beamforming training may set a AWV 808.
  • There may be an initiator and a responder, and/or a receiver and transmitter.
  • the AP/PCP 1114 may use a beacon 1120 sweep as an initiator that performs an initiator sector sweep for all EDMG STAs 1116, e.g., the beacon 1120 may include one or more TRN fields 1000.
  • the EDMG STAs 1116 may use the TRN fields 1000 to adjust their AWVs 808.
  • the EDMG STAs 1116 may during the A-BFT 1108 transmit one or more TRN fields 1000 to the different sectors (or one sector) during a SSW slot 1122, 1 124.
  • the AP/PCP 1114 may transmit to the EDMG STA 1116 feedback to the TRN fields 1000.
  • the EDMG STA 1116 may use the feedback from the AP/PCP 1114 to adjust an AWV 808 for a channel between the EDMG STA 1116 and the AP/PCP 1114.
  • the SSW slots 1122, 1124 may have a number of slots to transmit the TRN fields 1000, and then the feedback from the responder (e.g., AP/PCP 1114 or EDMG STA 1116).
  • the EDMG STA 1 1 16 transmitting to the AP/PCP 1 1 14 may be a BRP.
  • beamforming may be performed during the ATI 1 1 10 portion or DTI 1 1 12 portion, where the TRN fields 1000 may be used for SLS or BRP, and the AWVs 808 may be set based on feedback and/or the reception of the TRN fields 1000.
  • the use of different AWVs 808 (than used for the preamble 902 and data 904) for the P TRN sequences 1002 enables the BRP protocol to be extended to include training multiple antennas 810.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates a method 1200 of training fields of EDMG
  • the method 1200 may begin at operation 1202 with encoding a first PPDU to include a preamble, a data field, and a TRN field, the TRN field including a T number of TRN subfields, and one or more TRN units, each TRN unit comprising a P number of TRN subfields for CE followed by an M number of TRN subfields for BF training, the T number of TRN fields for providing to a second wireless device a transition interval between processing the data field and processing the one or more TRN units.
  • the preamble may include one or more headers.
  • station 804 may encode PPDU 900 to include preamble 902, data field 904, and TRN field 906.
  • the TRN field 906 may be TRN field 1000.
  • TRN field 1000 may include a T number of T TRN subfields 1001 and one or more TRN units 1006.
  • Each TRN unit 1006 may include P TRN sequences 1002 that include a P number of P-TRN subfields 1012, 1016, and M TRN sequences 1004 that may include M M-TRN subfields 1014, 1018.
  • the P-TRN subfields 1002, 1016 of each TRN unit 1006 may be transmitted with an AWV (e.g., 808) that is different from the AWV used to transmit the preamble field 902 and data field 904.
  • AWV e.g., 808
  • a EDMG STA 1 1 16 may transmit a PPDU
  • the AP/PCP 1 1 14 may transmit a PPDU 900 with TRN field 1000 during the beacon interval 1 102.
  • the DMG STA 11 18 may transmit a PPDU 900 with TRN field 1000 during the beacon interval 1 102.
  • the method 1200 may continue at operation 1204 with configuring the first wireless device to transmit the first PPDU.
  • an apparatus of station 804, EDMG STA 1 1 16, AP/PCP 1 1 14, and/or DMG STA 1118 may configure the station 804, EDMG STA 1116, AP/PCP 1114, and/or DMG STA 1118, respectively, to transmit PPDU 900.
  • the method 1200 may continue at operation 1206 with decoding a second PPDU from a second wireless device, the second PPDU comprising feedback based on the TRN field.
  • AP/PCP 1114 may decode feedback from EDMG STA 1116 during the beacon interval 1102.
  • One or more of the operations of method 1200 may be optional.
  • One or more of the operations of method 1200 may be performed by an AP/PCP 1114, an apparatus of an AP/PCP 1114, an EDMG STA 1116, an apparatus of an EDMG STA 1116, an access point 502, an apparatus of an access point 502, a station 804, an apparatus of a station 804, a station 504, and/or an apparatus of a station 504.
  • FIG. 13 illustrates a method 1300 for training fields of EDMG
  • the method 1300 begins at operation 1302 with decoding a first PPDU to comprise a preamble, a data field, and a TRN field, the TRN field including a T number of TRN subfields, and one or more TRN units, each TRN unit including a P number of TRN subfields for CE followed by an M number of TRN subfields for beam forming (BF) training, the T number of TRN subfields for providing a transition interval between processing the data field and processing the one or more TRN units.
  • BF beam forming
  • AP/PCP 1114, EDMG STA 1116, station 804, access point 502, or station 504 may receive TRN field 1000 and may use the T TRN subfields 1001 to finish processing the data field 904. Additionally, the AP/PCP 1114, EDMG STA 1116, station 804, access point 502, or station 504 may use the P TRN sequences 1002 for CE and M TRN sequences 1004 for BF training. In some embodiments, a P TRN sequences 1002 before the M TRN sequences 1004 and a P TRN sequences 1002 after the M TRN sequences 1004 may be used for CE as disclosed herein.
  • P TRN sequences 1002.2 and P TRN sequences 1002.3 may be used for CE for M TRN sequences 1004.2 for BF, e.g., adjusting the AWVs 808.
  • the P number may be decoded from the PPDU 1100, e.g., P field 1112.
  • the TRN field 1000 may be part of the PPDU 900, e.g., TRN field 906.
  • the PPDU 900 may include parameters in the preamble 902 as disclosed herein.
  • the TRN field 1000 may be used for AWV (e.g., 808) training.
  • the method 1300 may continue with determining feedback based on measured signals of the TRN field.
  • AP/PCP 1114, EDMG STA 1116, station 804, access point 502, or station 504 may determine feedback based on received TRN field 1000 and use the P TRN sequences 1002.3 (and P TRN sequences 1002.2) for CE of a last TRN Unit 1006.L.
  • AP/PCP 1114, EDMG STA 1116, station 804, access point 502, or station 504 may determine feedback based on received TRN field 900 and use the CE 904 (and CE 916) for CE of a last TRN Unit N 902.N.
  • the method 1300 includes completing processing the data field during the reception of the T TRN subfields.
  • an AP/PCP 1114, EDMG STA 1116, station 804, access point 502, or station 504 may complete processing a data field 904 during reception of T TRN subfields 1001 when performing beamforming.
  • the method 1300 continues at operation 1306 with encoding a second PPDU comprising the feedback.
  • the second PPDU may include feedback for the first PPDU.
  • AP/PCP 1114, EDMG STA 1116, station 804, access point 502, or station 504 may generate feedback based on the received TRN field 1000 and transmit it to the sender of the TRN field 1000.
  • the second PPDU may be part of an EDMG BRP.
  • the method 1300 may continue at operation 1308 with configuring the first wireless device to transmit the second PPDU.
  • AP/PCP 1114, EDMG STA 1116, station 804, access point 502, or station 504 may be configured by an apparatus to transmit feedback to the transmitter of the TRN field 1000.
  • the AP/PCP 1114, EDMG STA 1116, station 804, access point 502, or station 504 may be configured to transmit a TRN field 1000 in the second PPDU.
  • the method 1300 may continue with performing a channel estimation based on the TRN field comprising the P number of TRN subfields after a last TRN unit of the one or more units, and the P number of TRN subfields of the last TRN unit; and adjusting the one or more AWVs further based on the channel estimation.
  • One or more of the operations of method 1300 may be optional.
  • One or more of the operations of method 1300 may be performed by an AP/PCP 1 1 14, an apparatus of an AP/PCP 11 14, an EDMG STA 1 1 16, an apparatus of an EDMG STA 11 16, an access point 502, an apparatus of an access point 502, a station 804, an apparatus of a station 804, a station 504, and/or an apparatus of a station 504.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates a method 1400 for training fields of EDMG PPDUs in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the method 1400 may begin at operation 1402 with encoding a first PPDU to comprise a preamble, a data field, and a TRN field, the TRN field comprising a T number of TRN subfields, and one or more TRN units, each TRN unit comprising a P number of TRN subfields for CE followed by an M number of TRN subfields for BF training, the T number of TRN subfields for providing to a second wireless device a transition interval between processing the data field and processing the one or more TRN units.
  • station 804 may encode PPDU 900 to include preamble 902, data field 904, and TRN field 906.
  • the TRN field 906 may be TRN field 1000.
  • TRN field 1000 may include a T number of T TRN subfields 1001 and one or more TRN units 1006.
  • Each TRN unit 1006 may include P TRN sequences 1002 that include a P number of P-TRN subfields 1012, 1016, and M TRN sequences 1004 that may include M M-TRN subfields 1014, 1018.
  • a EDMG STA 1 1 16 may transmit a PPDU 900 with TRN field 1000 during the beacon interval 1 102.
  • the AP/PCP 1 1 14 may transmit a PPDU 900 with TRN field 1000 during the beacon interval 1 102.
  • the DMG STA 11 18 may transmit a PPDU 900 with TRN field 1000 during the beacon interval 1 102.
  • the method 1400 continues at operation 1404 with if the TRN field is to be transmitted with a same DMG antenna than the preamble and data field, configuring the first wireless device to transmit to a second wireless device the P number of TRN subfields of each TRN unit with a same first AWV as the preamble and data field.
  • station 804 may determine that a same antenna 808 will be used for TRN field 906 than for the preamble 902 and data 904, so the station 804 may use a AWV 808 to transmit the TRN field 906 as used for the preamble 902 and data 904.
  • an apparatus of EDMG STA 1116 may configure EDMG STA 1116 to transmit a PPDU 900 (with a same AWV 808 for the preamble 902, data 904, and TRN field 906) with TRN field 1000 during the beacon interval 1102.
  • an apparatus of the AP/PCP 1114 may configure the AP/PCP 1114 to transmit a PPDU 900 (with a same AWV 808 for the preamble 902, data 904, and TRN field 906) with TRN field 1000 during the beacon interval 1102.
  • an apparatus of the DMG STA 1118 may configure the DMG STA 1118 to transmit a PPDU 900 (with a same AWV 808 for the preamble 902, data 904, and TRN field 906) with TRN field 1000 during the beacon interval 1102.
  • operation 1404 may be configuring the first wireless device to transmit to a second wireless device the P number of TRN subfields of each TRN unit with a different AWV as used for the preamble and data field.
  • the method 1400 continues at operation 1406 with if the TRN field is to be transmitted with a different DMG antenna as the preamble and the data field, determining a second AWV for the P number of TRN subfields of each TRN unit, and configuring the first wireless device to transmit to the second wireless device the P number of TRN subfields of each TRN unit with the second AWV.
  • station 804 may determine that a different antenna 808 will be used for TRN field 906 as for the preamble 902 and data 904, so the station 804 may determine a different AWV 808 to transmit the P- TRN sequences 1002.1.
  • an apparatus of station 804 may configure the station 804 to transmit the PPDU 900 to the second wireless device with using a different AWV 808 for the P-TRN sequences 1002.1.
  • an apparatus of EDMG STA 1116 may configure EDMG STA 1116 to transmit a PPDU 900 with a AWV 808 for the preamble 902, data 904, and a different determined AWV 808 for the P TRN sequences 1002 during the beacon interval 1102.
  • an apparatus of the AP/PCP 1114 may configure the AP/PCP 1114 to transmit a PPDU 900 with a AWV 808 for the preamble 902, data 904, and a different determined AWV 808 for the P TRN sequences 1002 during the beacon interval 1102.
  • an apparatus of the DMG STA 1118 may configure the DMG STA 1118 to transmit a PPDU 900 with a AWV 808 for the preamble 902, data 904, and a different determined AWV 808 for the P TRN sequences 1002 during the beacon interval 1102.
  • operation 1406 may be configuring the first wireless device to transmit the P number of TRN subfields of each TRN unit with the first AWV.
  • method 1400 continues with decoding a second
  • AP/PCP 1214 may decode feedback from EDMG STA 1216 during the beacon interval 1202.
  • method 1400 continues with determining the second
  • AWV based on a selection from the second wireless device if the PPDU is for receive beamforming training. For example, as disclosed in conjunction with FIG. 8.
  • method 1400 includes where the measured signals include measured signals of the P number of TRN subfields after the last TRN unit of the one or more units.
  • method 1400 includes decoding a header of the first PPDU, the header comprising an indication of the P number, an indication of the M number, an indication of the T number, and an indication of a total number of the one or more TRN units.
  • method 1400 includes refraining from using the T number of TRN subfields for antenna weight vector training or to determine channel measurement feedback.
  • One or more of the operations of method 1400 may be optional.
  • One or more of the operations of method 1400 may be performed by an AP/PCP 11 14, an apparatus of an AP/PCP 1114, an EDMG STA 1116, an apparatus of an EDMG STA 1116, an access point 502, an apparatus of an access point 502, a station 804, an apparatus of a station 804, a station 504, and/or an apparatus of a station 504.
  • Example 1 is an apparatus of a first wireless device, the apparatus including: memory; and processing circuitry coupled to the memory, the processing circuity configured to: encode a first physical layer convergence protocol (PLCP) protocol data unit (PPDU) to comprise a preamble, a data field, and a training (TRN) field, the TRN field including a T number of TRN subfields, and one or more TRN units, each TRN unit including a P number of TRN subfields for channel estimation (CE) followed by an M number of TRN subfields for beam forming (BF) training, the T number of TRN fields to provide to a second wireless device a transition interval between processing the data field and processing the one or more TRN units; configure the first wireless device to transmit the first PPDU; and decode a second PPDU from a second wireless device, the second PPDU including feedback based on the TRN field.
  • PLCP physical layer convergence protocol
  • PPDU protocol data unit
  • TRN training
  • CE channel estimation
  • BF beam forming
  • Example 2 the subject matter of Example 1 optionally includes where the processing circuitry is further configured to: configure the first wireless device to transmit the first PPDU using a same antenna weight vector (AWV) for each TRN subfield of the P number of TRN subfields, and using different AWVs for two or more TRN subfields of the M number of TRN subfields.
  • AVG antenna weight vector
  • Example 3 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples
  • processing circuitry is further configured to: configure the first wireless device to transmit a first N number of the M number of TRN subfields using a same antenna weight vector (AWV) for one or more of the one or more TRN units.
  • AVG antenna weight vector
  • Example 4 the subject matter of Example 3 optionally includes where the processing circuitry is further configured to: encode a header of the first PPDU to comprise an indication of the P number, an indication of the M number, an indication of the first N number, an indication of the T number, and an indication of a total number of the one or more TRN units.
  • Example 5 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples
  • processing circuitry is further configured to: encode the TRN field to further comprise the P number of TRN subfields after a last TRN unit of the one or more TRN units; and configure the first wireless device to transmit each of the TRN subfields of the P number of TRN subfields after the last TRN unit of the one or more TRN units using a same antenna weight vector (AWV) that is to be used to transmit a preamble of the first PPDU and a data field of the first PPDU.
  • AAV antenna weight vector
  • Example 6 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples
  • each of the one or more TRN units includes the P number plus the M number of TRN subfields.
  • Example 7 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples
  • the first PPDU is one from the following group: enhanced directional multi-gigabit (EDMG) beam refinement protocol (BRP) receive (RX) PPDU, EDMG BRP transmit (TX) PPDU, EDMG BRP RX/TX PPDU, directional multi-gigabit (DMG) BRP RX PPDU, and DMG BRP TX PPDU.
  • EDMG enhanced directional multi-gigabit
  • BRP beam refinement protocol
  • TX EDMG BRP transmit
  • DMG directional multi-gigabit
  • Example 8 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples
  • each of the T TRN subfields, TRN subfield of the P number of TRN subfields, M number of TRN subfields, and T number of TRN subfields includes complementary sequences.
  • Example 9 the subject matter of Example 8 optionally includes where the complementary sequences are Golay complementary sequences.
  • Example 10 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 1-9 optionally include where the processing circuitry is further configured to: configure the first wireless device to transmit the first PPDU in accordance with one or more of the following group: orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), Orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA), single-carrier transmission, single user (SU) multiple -input multiple- output (MIMO), and multiple-user (MU) MIMO.
  • OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
  • OFDMA Orthogonal frequency-division multiple access
  • Single-carrier transmission single user (SU) multiple -input multiple- output (MIMO), and multiple-user (MU) MIMO.
  • SU single user
  • MIMO multiple -input multiple- output
  • MU multiple-user
  • Example 1 the subject matter of Example 10 optionally includes where the processing circuitry is further configured to: configure the first wireless device to transmit the first PPDU on one or more 2.16 GHz channels and in accordance with one or more of the following group: orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), single -carrier transmission,
  • OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
  • Orthogonal frequency-division multiple access OFDMA
  • single user SU
  • multiple-input multiple-output MIMO
  • MU multiple-user MIMO
  • Example 12 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 1-1 1 optionally include where the processing circuitry is further configured to: adjust one or more antenna weight vectors (AWVs) based on the feedback; and configure the first wireless device to transmit a third PPDU using at least one of the one or more adjusted AWVs.
  • WVs antenna weight vectors
  • Example 13 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 1-12 optionally include ay PCP.
  • Example 14 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 1-13 optionally include transceiver circuitry coupled to the processing circuitry; and, one or more antennas coupled to the transceiver circuitry, where the memory is configured to store the first PPDU.
  • Example 15 is a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that stores instructions for execution by one or more processors of an apparatus of a first wireless device, the instructions to configure the one or more processors to: encode a first physical layer convergence protocol (PLCP) protocol data unit (PPDU) to comprise a preamble, a data field, and a training (TRN) field, the TRN field including a T number of TR subfields, and one or more TRN units, each TRN unit including a P number of TRN subfields for channel estimation (CE) followed by an M number of TRN subfields for beam forming (BF) training, the T number of TRN subfields for providing to a second wireless device a transition interval between processing the data field and processing the one or more TRN units; configure the first wireless device to transmit the first PPDU; and decode a second PPDU from a second wireless device, the second PPDU including feedback based on the TRN field.
  • PLCP physical layer convergence protocol
  • PPDU protocol data unit
  • Example 16 the subject matter of Example 15 optionally includes where the instructions further configure the one or more processors to: configure the first wireless device to transmit each TRN subfield of the P number of TRN subfields using a same antenna weight vector (AWV), and transmit two or more TRN subfields of the M number of TRN subfields using different AWVs.
  • AAV antenna weight vector
  • Example 17 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 15-16 optionally include where the instructions further configure the one or more processors to: configure the first wireless device to transmit a first N number of the M number of TRN subfields using a same antenna weight vector (AWV) for one or more of the one or more TRN units.
  • AAV antenna weight vector
  • Example 18 is a method of a first wireless device, the method including: encoding a first physical layer convergence protocol (PLCP) protocol data unit (PPDU) to comprise a preamble, a data field, and a training (TRN) field, the TRN field including a T number of TRN subfields, and one or more TRN units, each TRN unit including a P number of TRN subfields for channel estimation (CE) followed by an M number of TRN subfields for beam forming (BF) training, the T number of TRN fields for providing to a second wireless device a transition interval between processing the data field and processing the one or more TRN units; configuring the first wireless device to transmit the first PPDU; and decoding a second PPDU from a second wireless device, the second PPDU including feedback based on the TRN field.
  • PLCP physical layer convergence protocol
  • PPDU protocol data unit
  • TRN training
  • CE channel estimation
  • BF beam forming
  • Example 19 the subject matter of Example 18 optionally includes the method further including: configuring the first wireless device to transmit the first PPDU using a same antenna weight vector (AWV) for each TRN subfield of the P number of TRN subfields, and using different AWVs for two or more TRN subfields of the M number of TRN subfields.
  • AVG antenna weight vector
  • Example 20 is an apparatus of a first wireless device, the apparatus including: memory; and processing circuitry coupled to the memory, the processing circuity configured to: encode a first physical layer convergence protocol (PLCP) protocol data unit (PPDU) to comprise a preamble, a data field, and a training (TRN) field, the TRN field including a T number of TRN subfields, and one or more TRN units, each TRN unit including a P number of TRN subfields for channel estimation (CE) followed by an M number of TRN subfields for beam forming (BF) training, the T number of TRN subfields for providing to a second wireless device a transition interval between processing the data field and processing the one or more TRN units; and if the TRN field is to be transmitted with a same DMG antenna as the preamble and data field, configure the first wireless device to transmit to a second wireless device the P number of TRN subfields of each TRN unit with a same first antenna weight vector (AWV) as the preamble and data field
  • Example 21 the subject matter of Example 20 optionally includes where the processing circuitry is further configured to: decode a second PPDU from the second wireless device, the second PPDU including feedback based on the TRN field.
  • Example 22 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 20-21 optionally include where the processing circuitry is further configured to: determine the second AWV based on a selection from the second wireless device if the PPDU is for receive beamforming training.
  • Example 23 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 20-22 optionally include where the first PPDU is an enhanced directional multi-gigabit (EDMG) beam-refinement protocol (BRP) transmit (TX) PPDU.
  • EDMG enhanced directional multi-gigabit
  • BRP beam-refinement protocol
  • TX transmit
  • Example 24 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 20-23 optionally include transceiver circuitry coupled to the processing circuitry; and, one or more DMG antennas coupled to the transceiver circuitry.
  • Example 25 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 20-24 optionally include ay PCP.
  • Example 26 is an apparatus of a first wireless device, the apparatus including: means for encoding a first physical layer convergence protocol (PLCP) protocol data unit (PPDU) to comprise a preamble, a data field, and a training (TRN) field, the TRN field including a T number of TRN subfields, and one or more TRN units, each TRN unit including a P number of TRN subfields for channel estimation (CE) followed by an M number of TRN subfields for beam forming (BF) training, the T number of TRN fields to provide to a second wireless device a transition interval between processing the data field and processing the one or more TRN units; means for configuring the first wireless device to transmit the first PPDU; and means for decoding a second PPDU from a second wireless device, the second PPDU including feedback based on the TRN field.
  • PLCP physical layer convergence protocol
  • PPDU protocol data unit
  • TRN training
  • CE channel estimation
  • BF beam forming
  • Example 27 the subject matter of Example 26 optionally includes means for configuring the first wireless device to transmit the first PPDU using a same antenna weight vector (AWV) for each TRN subfield of the P number of TRN subfields, and using different AWVs for two or more TRN subfields of the M number of TRN subfields.
  • AVG antenna weight vector
  • Example 28 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 26-27 optionally include means for configuring the first wireless device to transmit a first N number of the M number of TRN subfields using a same antenna weight vector (AWV) for one or more of the one or more TRN units.
  • AAV antenna weight vector
  • Example 29 the subject matter of Example 28 optionally includes means for encoding a header of the first PPDU to comprise an indication of the P number, an indication of the M number, an indication of the first N number, an indication of the T number, and an indication of a total number of the one or more TRN units.
  • Example 30 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 26-29 optionally include means for encoding the TRN field to further comprise the P number of TRN subfields after a last TRN unit of the one or more TRN units; and means for configuring the first wireless device to transmit each of the TRN subfields of the P number of TRN subfields after the last TRN unit of the one or more TRN units using a same antenna weight vector (AWV) that is to be used to transmit a preamble of the first PPDU and a data field of the first PPDU.
  • AAV antenna weight vector
  • Example 31 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 26-30 optionally include where each of the one or more TRN units includes the P number plus the M number of TRN subfields.
  • Example 32 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 26-31 optionally include where the first PPDU is one from the following group: enhanced directional multi -gigabit (EDMG) beam refinement protocol (BRP) receive (RX) PPDU, EDMG BRP transmit (TX) PPDU, EDMG
  • EDMG enhanced directional multi -gigabit
  • BRP beam refinement protocol
  • RX receive
  • TX transmit
  • BRP RX/TX PPDU BRP RX/TX PPDU
  • DMG directional multi-gigabit
  • Example 33 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 26-32 optionally include where each of the T TRN subfields, TRN subfield of the P number of TRN subfields, M number of TRN subfields, and T number of TRN subfields includes complementary sequences.
  • Example 34 the subject matter of Example 33 optionally includes where the complementary sequences are Golay complementary sequences.
  • Example 35 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 26-34 optionally include means for configuring the first wireless device to transmit the first PPDU in accordance with one or more of the following group: orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), Orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA), single-carrier transmission, single user (SU) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), and multiple-user (MU) MIMO.
  • OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
  • OFDMA Orthogonal frequency-division multiple access
  • Single-carrier transmission single user (SU) multiple-input multiple-output
  • MIMO multiple-input multiple-output
  • MU multiple-user
  • Example 36 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 26-35 optionally include means for configuring the first wireless device to transmit the first PPDU on one or more 2.16 GHz channels and in accordance with one or more of the following group: orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), single-carrier transmission, Orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA), single user (SU) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), and multiple-user (MU) MIMO.
  • OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
  • OFDMA Orthogonal frequency-division multiple access
  • SU single user
  • MIMO multiple-input multiple-output
  • MU multiple-user
  • Example 37 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 26-36 optionally include compring: means for adjusting one or more antenna weight vectors (AWVs) based on the feedback; and means for configuring the first wireless device to transmit a third PPDU using at least one of the one or more adjusted AWVs.
  • ADVs antenna weight vectors
  • Example 38 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 26-37 optionally include ay PCP.
  • Example 39 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 26-38 optionally include means for processing radio-frequency signals coupled to means for storing and retrieving the first PPDU; and, means for receiving and transmitting radio-frequency signals coupled to the means for processing radio-frequency signals.
  • Example 40 is a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that stores instructions for execution by one or more processors of an apparatus of a first wireless device, the instructions to configure the one or more processors to: encode a first physical layer convergence protocol (PLCP) protocol data unit (PPDU) to comprise a preamble, a data field, and a training (TRN) field, the TRN field including a T number of TR subfields, and one or more TRN units, each TRN unit including a P number of TRN subfields for channel estimation (CE) followed by an M number of TRN subfields for beam forming (BF) training, the T number of TRN subfields for providing to a second wireless device a transition interval between processing the data field and processing the one or more TRN units; and if the TRN field is to be transmitted with a same DMG antenna as the preamble and data field, configure the first wireless device to transmit to a second wireless device the P number of TRN subfields of each TRN unit with a same first antenna weight
  • Example 41 the subject matter of Example 40 optionally includes where the instructions further configure the one or more processors to: decode a second PPDU from the second wireless device, the second PPDU including feedback based on the TRN field.
  • Example 42 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 40-41 optionally include where the instructions further configure the one or more processors to: determine the second AWV based on a selection from the second wireless device if the PPDU is for receive beamforming training.
  • Example 43 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 40-42 optionally include where the first PPDU is an enhanced directional multi-gigabit (EDMG) beam-refinement protocol (BRP) transmit (TX) PPDU.
  • EDMG enhanced directional multi-gigabit
  • BRP beam-refinement protocol
  • TX transmit
  • Example 44 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 40-43 optionally include means for processing radio-frequency signals coupled to means for storing and retrieving the first PPDU; and, means for receiving and transmitting radio-frequency signals coupled to the means for processing radio-frequency signals.
  • Example 45 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 40-44 optionally include ay PCP.
  • Example 46 is a method performed by an apparatus of a first wireless device, the method including: encoding a first physical layer convergence protocol (PLCP) protocol data unit (PPDU) to comprise a preamble, a data field, and a training (TRN) field, the TRN field including a T number of TRN subfields, and one or more TRN units, each TRN unit including a P number of TRN subfields for channel estimation (CE) followed by an M number of TRN subfields for beam forming (BF) training, the T number of TRN subfields for providing to a second wireless device a transition interval between processing the data field and processing the one or more TRN units; and if the TRN field is to be transmitted with a same DMG antenna as the preamble and data field, configuring the first wireless device to transmit to a second wireless device the P number of TRN subfields of each TRN unit with a same first antenna weight vector (AWV) as the preamble and data field, and if the TRN field is to
  • Example 47 the subject matter of Example 46 optionally includes the method further including: decoding a second PPDU from the second wireless device, the second PPDU including feedback based on the TRN field.
  • Example 48 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 46-47 optionally include the method further including: determining the second AWV based on a selection from the second wireless device if the PPDU is for receive beamforming training.
  • Example 49 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 46-48 optionally include the method further including: where the first PPDU is an enhanced directional multi-gigabit (EDMG) beam-refinement protocol (BRP) transmit (TX) PPDU.
  • EDMG enhanced directional multi-gigabit
  • BRP beam-refinement protocol
  • TX transmit
  • Example 50 is an apparatus of a first wireless device, the apparatus including: means for encoding a first physical layer convergence protocol (PLCP) protocol data unit (PPDU) to comprise a preamble, a data field, and a training (TRN) field, the TRN field including a T number of TRN subfields, and one or more TRN units, each TRN unit including a P number of TRN subfields for channel estimation (CE) followed by an M number of TRN subfields for beam forming (BF) training, the T number of TRN subfields for providing to a second wireless device a transition interval between processing the data field and processing the one or more TRN units; and if the TRN field is to be transmitted with a same DMG antenna as the preamble and data field, means for configuring the first wireless device to transmit to a second wireless device the P number of TRN subfields of each TRN unit with a same first antenna weight vector (AWV) as the preamble and data field, and if the TRN field is to be
  • Example 51 the subject matter of Example 50 optionally includes the apparatus further including: means for decoding a second PPDU from the second wireless device, the second PPDU including feedback based on the TRN field.
  • Example 52 the subject matter of any one or more of
  • Examples 50-51 optionally include the apparatus further including: means for determining the second AWV based on a selection from the second wireless device if the PPDU is for receive beamforming training.
  • Example 53 the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 50-52 optionally include where the first PPDU is an enhanced directional multi-gigabit (EDMG) beam-refinement protocol (BRP) transmit (TX) PPDU.
  • EDMG enhanced directional multi-gigabit
  • BRP beam-refinement protocol
  • TX transmit

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des appareils, des procédés et des supports lisibles par ordinateur pour champs d'apprentissage de paquets multi-gigabits directionnels améliorés (EDMG). L'invention concerne un appareil comprenant des circuits de traitement. Les circuits de traitement peuvent être configurés pour coder une première unité de données de protocole (PPDU) d'un protocole de convergence de couche physique (PLCP) de façon à intégrer un préambule, un champ de données et un champ d'apprentissage (TRN). Le champ TRN comprend un nombre T de sous-champs TRN et une ou plusieurs unités TRN. Chaque unité TRN comprend un nombre P de sous-champs TRN permettant une estimation de canal (CE) suivis d'un nombre M de sous-champs TRN permettant un apprentissage de formation de faisceau (BF). Le nombre T de sous-champs TRN procure à un second dispositif sans fil un intervalle de transition entre le traitement du champ de données et le traitement desdites une ou plusieurs unités TRN. Les circuits de traitement peuvent également être configurés pour transmettre un ou plusieurs sous-champs TRN parmi le nombre P de sous-champs TRN en utilisant un vecteur de pondération d'antenne (AWV) différent d'un AWV utilisé pour transmettre le préambule et le champ de données.
PCT/US2017/066807 2016-12-16 2017-12-15 Champs d'apprentissage pour paquets multi-gigabits directionnels améliorés WO2018112402A1 (fr)

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