WO2018107455A1 - 开关接点状态检示装置与方法 - Google Patents
开关接点状态检示装置与方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018107455A1 WO2018107455A1 PCT/CN2016/110307 CN2016110307W WO2018107455A1 WO 2018107455 A1 WO2018107455 A1 WO 2018107455A1 CN 2016110307 W CN2016110307 W CN 2016110307W WO 2018107455 A1 WO2018107455 A1 WO 2018107455A1
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- switch
- contact state
- switch contact
- detecting device
- state detecting
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/327—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/16—Indicators for switching condition, e.g. "on" or "off"
Definitions
- the invention relates to a switch contact state detecting device and method, in particular to a device and a method for checking and displaying the contact state of a switch, which are generally used for any size power switch, to improve electrical safety.
- the two types of line equipment protection devices are the most common.
- the former circuit breaker has overload protection, fault current protection, and leakage fault protection, and is used for protection of the power equipment switch of the system distribution box.
- the electromagnetic switch is overload protection or under-phase protection, which is used to protect the operating equipment from overload or phase loss.
- the related state display device is usually installed inside the circuit breaker body, such as adding a micro switch as an auxiliary contact or an alarm contact, which is generally a mechanical structure conduction function. Acting, this is a skill that is generally known at the moment.
- circuit breakers CB
- circuit breakers can generally be divided into form-cavity circuit breakers (MCCB), or no-fuse circuit breakers (NFB).
- MCCB form-cavity circuit breakers
- NFB no-fuse circuit breakers
- the former is a component title for products in Europe and the United States, and the latter is a product of the Japanese state.
- Another product classification name is Leakage Circuit Breaker (ELCB), which is a relatively small capacity circuit breaker commonly referred to as MCB and ELB.
- ELCB Leakage Circuit Breaker
- MCCB and ELCB circuit breakers are used for large interrupting capacity, commonly known as industrial circuit breakers.
- MCB and ELB are used for small interrupting capacity, they are commonly known as household light plug-in circuit breakers. Their functions are mainly an isolation switch that protects equipment and line safety.
- circuit breakers are so common. At present, manufacturers of switchboards, due to space constraints, or because of economic costs, most of the circuit breakers and circuit breakers are placed adjacent to each other throughout the switchboard and distribution box. Then fixed on the plate fixing fixture on the plate. In many countries, copper busbars are used as the conductive bus (BUS) on the primary side, and wire and cable are mostly used as the power source for the primary side circuit breaker in Europe. However, the primary side of the continuous power supply, whether using copper bars or wire and cable, between the circuit breaker and the circuit breaker inside the distribution box, there is almost no space to add the associated accessories of the circuit breaker itself. When there is an additional demand for an accessory device, there is almost no room for construction.
- BUS conductive bus
- circuit breakers such as world-renowned manufacturers Schneider, ABB, Siemens, singular, E-TN, SQ-D, Mitsubishi Electric and other manufacturers, in response to customer's essential functional requirements for accessories, and the above circuit breakers
- the difficulty of actually replacing the power distribution box body the European and American manufacturers first invented the upper part of the circuit breaker body, and assembled a certain part of the common accessories by means of a cover-up method to solve the future customer's function.
- the troubles and inconveniences that arise when adding accessories must be increased.
- this method of solving the problem and the actual product are also the manufacturing methods that the circuit breaker manufacturers all over the world consistently follow, and are the mainstream of circuit breaker product design.
- the present invention proposes a device which is versatile and easy to install, but which is easy to operate and has a firm indication, can solve the above problems, and can further satisfy different needs of customers in various situations.
- the circuit breaker or electromagnetic switch can be used, it overcomes the problems of different manufacturers, different specifications and sizes, and greatly improves the stability and economy of power consumption.
- the main object of the present invention is to provide a switch contact state detecting device and method, which has a simple structure, convenient installation, and accurate identification function of a switch contact state.
- the invention can be applied to all kinds of power switches of any brand, specification and size in an all-round manner, and solves the requirements of various existing power switches and their accessory functions.
- a further object of the present invention is to make the device capable of correctly displaying the actual state of the switch contacts simple and feasible, and more convenient for construction or maintenance.
- the present invention provides an alternative switch contact state detecting device that enhances the safety and economy of use of electrical equipment.
- the present invention provides a method for detecting the state of a switch contact state, which is to display the voltage signal of the primary side and the secondary side of the electrical switch first through the electronic control circuit component and then sent to the microprocessor for interpretation.
- the switch contact state detecting method includes: setting an electronic control circuit component inside a device; electrically connecting the electronic circuit in the electronic control circuit component and the primary side and the secondary side to which the detected switch belongs The signal sensed by the electronic circuit is sent to the microprocessor; and the microprocessor is judged according to the default action state logic, and the determined signal output is displayed to display the corresponding result.
- the switch contact state detecting device preferably includes at least one of the following basic functions: 1 phase voltage indicating function, 2 power indicating function, 3 under phase indicating, and 4 reverse power indicating Function, 5 closed circuit (ON), open circuit (OFF), trip (Trip) indication function; 6 contact welding indication function, 7 leakage status display, 8 overload status display, 9 phase sequence status indication, 10 accident status indication function, etc.
- the above-mentioned functional facilities can be displayed together on one panel, or can be added or removed at will, and can be expanded and added with other functional facilities.
- phase power sources on the switching power supply side and the phase power sources on the switching load side of the switch it is preferable to electrically connect the phase power sources on the switching power supply side and the phase power sources on the switching load side of the switch to the switch.
- a box body through the internal power conversion circuit of the box, reads whether the incoming call is made, and displays the relative electrical properties, and displays them on the panel, so that the functions of the voltage display and the power display of the respective phases of the switch contacts can be achieved.
- the under-phase status indication function it is preferable to electrically connect the contacts on the switching power supply side and the load side to the device. If the power supply side and the load side are not equipotential, the phase-under-state can be interpreted.
- the switch status signal output by the processor is electrically connected to the display panel, so that the above functions can be achieved.
- the switch state signal output by the microprocessor is electrically connected to the display panel, so that the above functions can be achieved.
- the ON/OFF status indication function it is preferable to electrically connect the contacts on the switching power supply side and the load side to the device. If there is power on the power supply side and there is power on the load side, it can be read and opened. Turn off the road status.
- the contacts on the switching power supply side and the load side are electrically connected to the device. If there is power on the power supply side and there is no power on the load side, the switch can be read as an open state or jumped. In the state of off, a disconnect auxiliary contact can be added to the outside or inside of the circuit breaker, such as a micro switch, which can be resolved as an open or trip state. At this time, the switch status signal output by the microprocessor is electrically connected to The display panel can be used to achieve the above functions.
- the switch contact welding state indication function it is preferable to electrically connect the contact point on the switching power supply side and the load side to the device, and at this time, add a shunt trip coil, when the shunt trip coil is actuated, If the secondary load side of the switch is equal to the power supply, it means that the switch contact has a fusion phenomenon.
- the trip button switch of the switch can be manually held, and it is visually observed whether the current switch has a joint welding phenomenon, and whether the welding must be performed under the permission, such as the old repair or the test is safe and flawless, and the system Not to cause damage due to testing.
- the switch state signal outputted by the microprocessor is electrically connected to the display panel, so that the above function can be achieved.
- the electromagnetic switch on the system In order to achieve a state in which the switch can understand whether the system is overloaded, it is preferable to use the electromagnetic switch on the system to utilize the contact point of the thermal overload electric power of the electromagnetic switch itself to achieve the indication state function of the overload state, and the other
- the embodiment is that in the design of the electronic circuit, a setting loop and a comparison loop are provided to know whether it has been The phenomenon of loading, so that the function of the overload indication state can be achieved.
- the switch in order to achieve the indication function that the switch can have a phase sequence state, it is preferable to electrically connect the electronic circuit on the primary power supply side of the switch, and the internal internal key has a phase sequence sequence detecting device, so that the system loop can be achieved. If the phase sequence must be interpreted, it is not necessary to use the instrument to detect and ensure the safety of the system circuit.
- the above preferred embodiment case is a detection method when the system is powered. If there is no power input in the system, the device has a backup battery pack input power supply, so that it can be detected and simplified when there is no power supply. Tested features.
- the above switch contact status detecting device can be used in the normal power supply to know all the status functions, and if there is no power supply, the built-in electronic circuit and the internal or external battery pack can be used to understand the status.
- the invention can also be connected in a flat cable manner between the box body and the indication state display panel, so that the state display panel can be indicated on the disk surface or the disk, thereby greatly improving the quality of power consumption.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of a switch contact state detecting device of the present invention on a circuit breaker.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the appearance of an embodiment of the switch contact state detecting device of the present invention beside the circuit breaker.
- FIG 3 is a schematic view showing the appearance of an embodiment in which the display panel of the switch contact state detecting device of the present invention is coupled to the main body.
- Fig. 4 is a logic diagram showing the operation state of the embodiment of the switch contact state detecting device of the present invention.
- Fig. 5 is a block diagram showing the operation sequence of the embodiment of the switch contact state detecting device of the present invention.
- Figure 6 is a circuit diagram of an electronic circuit of an embodiment of the switch contact state detecting device of the present invention.
- Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the internal device of the embodiment of the switch contact state detecting device of the present invention.
- Fig. 8 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of a branch-trip tripping and auxiliary microswitch in the switch contact state detecting device switch of the present invention.
- Circuit breaker 10 circuit breaker power supply side 11; circuit breaker load side 12; trip button switch 15;
- Display panel 24 dry contact output terminal 25; display panel terminal 26;
- Short-circuit indicator 48 phase-sequence indicator 49; fusion indicator 50;
- phase indicator lamp 59 leakage protection device 70; thermal protection device 71; zero comparator 72;
- the phase sequence protection device 80; the power storage device 90; and the external power source input terminal block 91 are identical to each other.
- the switch contact state detecting device 20 of the present invention a preferred embodiment of the device is implemented.
- the switch contact state detecting device 20 is fixed above the circuit breaker 10, and the electronic circuit 30 is disposed inside the casing 22.
- the microprocessor 32 see FIG. 6
- the circuit breaker power supply side 11 of the circuit breaker 10 and the terminal of the circuit breaker load side 12 are electrically connected to the corresponding terminals 21 of the switch contact state detecting device 20 to the electronic circuit, respectively.
- 30 Above the box 22 is a dip switch 23, which can be selected according to system requirements. At this time, the voltage value of each point to the ground can be measured by the electronic circuit 30 to see if there is a voltage value. Referring to FIG.
- the switch contact state detecting device 20 can be designed on the side of the circuit breaker 10.
- the inside of the casing 22 is provided with an electronic circuit 30, a power storage device 90, a thermal protection device 71, a leakage protection device 70, a phase sequence protection device 80, and a microprocessor 32 (refer to FIG. 7).
- the terminals of the circuit breaker power supply side 11 and the circuit breaker load side 12 are electrically connected to the electronic circuit 30 to the corresponding terminals 21 of the switch contact state detecting device 20, respectively.
- a dip switch 23 which can be selected according to system requirements.
- the voltage value of each point to the ground can be measured by the electronic circuit 30 to see if there is a voltage value.
- the calculation is performed to know the state of the switch contact, and the state is controlled by the microprocessor.
- 32 output to the display panel 24 controls the corresponding indicator light to be turned on and off. Its state can be electrically connected to the dry contact output terminal 25 to As an output contact for other applications.
- the code and function of the switch contact state detecting device 20 are the same as in FIG.
- a third embodiment of the present invention is used.
- the display panel 24 of the switch contact state detecting device 20 must be connected to the box.
- the body 22 adopts a separate design.
- Each of the display panel 24 and the casing 22 is provided with a signal connection terminal block, which is a display panel terminal 26 and a box terminal 27, and the display panel terminal 26 and the box terminal 27 are designed in a male-female foolproof manner, and signals are transmitted via the flat cable 28. Links for the display panel 24 can be mounted at the desired corresponding location.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a system circuit of the switch contact state detecting device 20 of the present invention and a corresponding operation state logic table.
- the electronic circuit 30 Through the measurement by the electronic circuit 30, it is known whether the voltages of the respective phases on the primary side and the secondary side are present.
- the measured signal of the presence or absence of each phase voltage is sent to the microprocessor 32, and the state of the switch contact is known via the operating state logic table.
- the first column and the secondary side of the first column each have a voltage, which represents that the switch state is ON.
- the indicator of the display panel 24 has a power indicator 51, an ON indicator 43, an R-phase indicator 52, an S-phase indicator 53, a T-phase indicator 54, an N-phase indicator 55, and a U-phase indicator 56.
- the lights of the V-phase indicator light 57, the W-phase indicator light 58, and the G-phase indicator light 59 are illuminated. Whether it is a fusion or not can be further determined when the test is allowed or repaired at a later age (described later).
- the microprocessor 32 when the voltages of the respective phases enter the electronic circuit 30, when there is a voltage on the power supply side 11 and there is no voltage phenomenon on the voltages of the secondary load side 12, the microprocessor 32 outputs a signal to the display panel 24 to indicate the phase loss.
- the light 41 is on.
- the microprocessor 32 outputs a signal representative of the state of the switch and is coupled to the dry contact output terminal block 25 for use as an output contact for other applications.
- the microprocessor 32 when the voltages of the above phases are fed into the microprocessor 32 via the electronic circuit 30, according to the functional requirements on the logic table of the operation state, when the primary side 11 has no voltage and the secondary load side 12 has voltage, then The phenomenon of reverse power transmission can be interpreted, and the microprocessor 32 outputs a signal to the display panel 24 to cause the reverse phase indicator light 42 to illuminate.
- the microprocessor 32 outputs a signal representative of the state of the switch and is coupled to the dry contact output terminal block 25 for use as an output contact for other applications.
- the voltages of the respective phases are sent to the microprocessor 32 via the electronic circuit 30.
- the primary power supply side 11 has power and the secondary load side 12 has no power supply
- One is the state of the open circuit (OFF), and the other is the state of the trip.
- the signal enters the internal microprocessor 32. If it is better on the circuit breaker 10, there is an auxiliary micro switch 17 in the internal position of the circuit breaker 10, and an auxiliary micro switch 17 in the OFF position (please refer to the figure). 8)
- the microprocessor 32 outputs a signal to the display panel 24 to turn the OFF indicator 44 or the Trip indicator 45 to be on, and the microprocessor 32 outputs a signal representing the state of the switch, and is connected to the dry contact output terminal block 25 as other The output contact of the application.
- the branch tripping coil 18 can be arranged inside the circuit breaker 10 (please refer to FIG. 8). Under the premise that the circuit breaker 10 is tripped, the microprocessor 32 sends out the control signal triggered by the shunt trip coil 18. When the tripping coil is operated, if there is no voltage on the secondary load side 12, it means that the circuit breaker 10 contact is not welded, and when the secondary load side 12 still has a voltage source, it means that the circuit breaker 10 contact has been welded.
- the trip button switch 15 on the circuit breaker 10 can be pressed in a manual manner. If the trip button switch 15 is pressed, the ON indicator 43 is always on, that is, the expression is In the welded state, the fusion indicator light 50 lights up.
- the zero current comparator 72 can be added to the primary power supply side 11 and the secondary load side 12 (refer to FIG. 6), if the primary power supply side 11 input current is not equal to two.
- the secondary side 12 outputs current, that is, ⁇ I ⁇ 0, so that it can be understood whether there is a leakage condition.
- the microprocessor 32 outputs a signal to the display panel 24 to illuminate the leakage indicator 46, and the microprocessor 32 outputs a signal representing the state of the switch and is connected to the dry contact output terminal block 25 as an output contact for other applications.
- Another embodiment is (see FIG. 7). If the leakage protection device 70 is externally connected, when the leakage state occurs, the contact signal of the leakage protection device 70 is input to the microprocessor 32 inside the device 20. The above functions can also be achieved by reading.
- the switch contact state detecting device 20 of the present invention if a device for accumulating heat protection device 71 is designed (refer to FIG. 7), when the overload occurs, the heat generating device 71 acts, and the contact point of the heat generating device 71 is formed.
- the signal input to the microprocessor 32 inside the device 20 is interpreted to indicate an overload (see Figure 6).
- the microprocessor 32 outputs a signal to the display panel 24 to cause the overload indicator light 47 to illuminate, and the microprocessor 32 outputs a signal representing the state of the switch and is connected to the dry contact output terminal block 25 as an output contact for other applications.
- the switch contact state detecting device 20 of the present invention if the phase sequence protection device 80 (see FIG. 7) is designed, the action state contact is directly input to the device 20, and is interpreted by the internal microprocessor 32. At this time, the microprocessor 32 outputs a switch state signal to the display panel 24 to illuminate the phase sequence indicator 49, and the microprocessor 32 outputs a signal representing the state of the switch, and is connected to the dry contact output terminal block 25 for other applications. Output contact.
- the switch contact state detecting device 20 of the present invention when the voltage source input of the primary power source side 11 and the secondary load side 12 is input to the internal microprocessor 32 for analysis and comparison, if it is not the switch of the action state logic table of FIG. The status is indicated as the accident status.
- the microprocessor 32 sends a set of signals to the display panel 24 to make the short-circuit indicator 48 light, and the microprocessor 32 outputs a signal representing the state of the switch, and is connected to the dry contact output terminal block 25 for other applications. Output contact.
- the switching state detection principle described above mainly determines that the core is the program of the microprocessor 32 and the microprocessor 32.
- the execution flow chart is shown in Figure 5.
- the switch contact state detecting device 20 of the present invention in principle, when there is a power source on the power source side, the above-mentioned actions are all achieved as scheduled, and the external power source is connected via the external power source input terminal block 91. However, when there is no power input from the outside, the switch contact state detecting device 20 is not functionally usable. Therefore, a set of power storage devices 90 is provided inside the switch contact state detecting device 20, and when the external power source fails, The power storage device 90 can be powered to make the switch contact state detecting device 20 operate normally, and the appearance is as shown in FIG.
- the switch contact state detecting device of the present invention can be installed next to each switch, and has a flat cable connectable to the disk surface, and through various peripheral voltages and currents of the primary side and the secondary side of the peripheral measuring switch such as an electronic circuit.
- the signal is protected by the microprocessor, and the switch state is determined by the microprocessor according to the action logic state table, and is displayed on the display panel, and has a dry contact output terminal, and can solve various special requirements through the internal mechanical structure and internal control components.
- the application has industrial utilization.
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Abstract
一种开关接点状态检示装置（20）与方法，主要用以将电气开关的接点状态，经由电子电路（30）量测送进微处理器（32）判读后，显示于开关外部。所述装置（20）内部设计有电子电路（30），以电性连接到开关的一次侧以及二次侧，将所感测的信号送进微处理器（32），依设定的动作状态逻辑进行判断，并以对应的灯号显示，用户可从灯号准确得知开关接点的真实状态。
Description
本发明有关于一种开关接点状态检示装置与方法，特别是一种通用于任何规格的电力开关，用以检查并显示开关的接点状态的装置与方法，增进电气的安全性。
一般配电箱里面，最常见到两种线路设备保护装置，有两种，一为断路器，一为电磁开关。前者断路器有过载保护、故障电流保护、漏电故障保护，使用于系统配电箱的电源设备开关的保护。电磁开关则为过载保护或欠相保护，使用于运转设备于过载或欠相时的保护。原本在解决断路器及电磁开关的状态显示时，通过加装相关的状态显示设备，通常设置于断路器本体内部，如加装微动开关，作为辅助接点或者警报接点，一般为机械结构传导作用而作动，这是目前一般所熟知的技艺。
断路器(CB)的使用是非常普遍的一种产品，断路器一般可分为模壳式断路器(MCCB)，或称无熔丝断路器(NFB)。前一种为欧美国家产品的组件称谓，后者为日本国家的产品。另一种产品分类名称为漏电断路器(ELCB)，属于比较小容量的断路器一般称谓MCB以及ELB。通常MCCB、ELCB断路器使用于遮断容量大，俗称为工业型断路器。而MCB、ELB使用于遮断容量小，则俗称为家用灯插回路开关断路器，其功能主要是保护设备以及线路安全的一种隔离开关，当发生过载时进行跳脱隔离，以及事故发生故障电流安全跳脱隔离。若是漏电断路器则加上漏电故障跳脱的保护功能。断路器使用于各种场所，是世界上作为保护设备及线路安全的主要隔离开关，也是目前全世界最通用的产品。
断路器的使用如此普遍，目前配电盘的制造厂家，因为空间的限制，或因为经济成本的考虑，在整个配电盘以及分电箱内部，断路器与断路器之间大部分都毗邻相互靠在一起配置，之后再固定在盘内器具固定板金上。许多国家的做法一般是在一次侧上，使用铜排作为导电总线(BUS)，欧洲则多数使用电线电缆作为一次侧断路器的电源来源。但是一次侧的接续电源，不论是使用铜排或者是电线电缆，在配电箱内部断路器与断路器之间，几乎都是没有太多的空间来增设断路器本身附属功能的相关附件装置。当有附件装置新增需求时，也几乎没有充裕的空间可以施工。在大部分的情况下，必须拆铜排、拆线、拆固定螺丝等，把器材全部拆卸后取下断路器，装上所需的附件，然后再把断路器固定在配电箱内，重做配线的工作。这种施工方式除了会造成许许多多的不便，甚至
易造成工安事故产生危险。
有鉴于此，制造断路器的厂家，例如世界知名大厂施耐德、ABB、西门子、奇异、E-TN、SQ-D、三菱电机等厂家，因应客户对于附件实质上的功能需求，以及上述断路器于配电箱盘体内实际换置的困难，于是由欧美大厂率先发明了于断路器本体上方，借着可掀盖式的方式来组装某一部份的常用附件，以解决日后客户因功能需求而必须增加附件时所产生的种种困扰与不便。而目前这种解决因应的方法以及实际的产品，也正是目前全世界断路器制造厂家一致遵循的制造方式，并蔚为断路器产品设计的主流。
断路器产品随着世界上因材料应用科技的进步，以及随着世界上电子信息与变频技术等科技的进步与环境的变化，例如非线性组件使用愈来愈多，造成电力的质量与将特殊功能要求、差异化要求等，每个制造厂家除了产品愈趋小型化、电子化、可通讯化等，而形成了断路器产品多样化及尺寸无法规格化、统一化，也导致了即使是如上所述断路器产品外壳掀盖化，但是其附件因尺寸、规格不尽相同，而终究无法通用。如此便造成断路器厂家型号产品繁杂化，无法统一规格化，造成用户材料与经济上的浪费，更造成客户在使用上会非常的不便。唯一解决的方法就是必须在断路器的附件装置组合方式与方法做一彻底改变，以克服上述的困难。
但棘手的是，实务上因为各客户用电状况各个不同，使用断路器状况也不同，甚至一些断路器制造厂家，其型录的规格繁多到可以用混乱来形容，以致造成客户要在断路器增设附件功能装置时困难重重，甚至要拆盘大整修，或者面临必须重做配电盘的命运。尤其是各个制造厂家其通用的指示附件如辅助接点、警报接点等，有时不能通用。且其主要组件微动开关也可能故障而不察，将会造成指示错误不正确的状况发生。加上使用久了断路器的接点必有损耗，因此在实际的电力运转中，可能无法得到正确状态指示而导致电力危险。这些潜在的危机包括，譬如微动开关故障、机械组件装置位移、接点有空接现象、接点熔接现象，都会导致由外部的指示状态显示了错误信息，造成用户错误判读甚至影响用电的安全性。同理在电磁开关的状况也如同断路器一般，在辅助接点的作用中，就可能忽略了接点有空接现象，或者接点熔接的现象发生而不知情。为了工安的需求，避免制造的资源浪费现象，改善维修时必须开盘门并用电表量测，必须拆线、拆铜排、拆开关施工等不便，消除无论在制造时或日后维护上安全上、经济上的疑虑确实有必要。
一般最常见的典型施工误判就是，若误以为当断路器处在断路(OFF)的状态下，即
可以在二次侧施工且必然安全，但其实不然，因为断路器在断路的状态下，在二次侧施工也可能会电死人。因为会有逆送电(逆相)的问题，或者在接地不良的情况下，二次侧有浮升电压，会造成感电事故。此种状况时有所闻，皆是因为没有一个良好的检示状态装置的判断依据，而造成维修人员的误判，甚而造成工安事故。依赖传统旧有的方式，设置盘面的指示与显示单元，就必须在断路器或者电磁开关彼此间做许多配线的工作，因此在设计与制造时必须花费许多的人力及材料资源。在制造完成后，无论是在品管检验上，或是未来的维修都很麻烦，必须依赖电表仪器、加上熟练的目测检验及经验判读才可处理，造成种种施工作业管理上的困扰。
综合上述原因，本发明提出一种通用性且简易安装，但操作容易、指示确实牢靠的一种装置，可以解决上述的问题，并可进一步满足客户各种状况需求不同。无论使用任何的断路器以及电磁开关皆可使用的装置，克服了不同厂家、不同规格、尺寸的问题，大大提升了用电的稳定性及经济性。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在提供一种开关接点状态检示装置与方法，其构造简单、安装方便、对开关接点状态的辨识功能精确。本发明且可以全方位适用在任何厂牌、规格、尺寸的电力开关，解决现有各种电力开关与其附件功能的需求。本发明进一步的目的是，使得开关接点实际状态能正确无误显示的装置变得简易可行，与施工或检修更具方便性。本发明提供了可替换性的开关接点状态检示装置，提升电气设备使用上的安全性与经济性。
为达到上述目的，本发明提供一种开关接点状态检示方法，是将电气开关一次侧与二次侧的电压信号，先经由电子控制电路组件量测再送进微处理器判读后显示。具体而言，该开关接点状态检示方法，包括：设置一电子控制电路组件在一装置内部；电性连接电子控制电路组件内的电子电路以及受检示的开关所属的一次侧与二次侧；将电子电路感测的信号送进微处理器；与使微处理器依据默认的动作状态逻辑进行判断，并将判断的讯号输出显示对应的结果。
本发明提供的开关接点状态检示装置，较佳的是包括了以下基本功能的设施至少其中之一：①各相电压指示功能、②电源指示功能、③欠相状态指示、④逆送电指示功能、⑤闭路(ON)、断路(OFF)、跳脱(Trip)指示功能；⑥接点熔接指示功能、⑦漏电状态显示、⑧过载状态显示、⑨相序状态指示、⑩事故状态指示功能等。上述功能设施可一同显示在一面板上，或者能够随意增减，并可扩充追加其他的功能设施。
为达到电源指示功能以及各相电压指示功能的要求，较佳的做法，可以将线路上对于要量测的开关电源侧各相电源，以及开关负载侧的各相电源电性连接于开关旁的一盒体，经由盒体内部电源转换电路，判读是否来电，并显示各相对地的电性，并显示于面板上，如此即可达到对于开关接点的各相电压显示以及电源显示的功能。
为达到欠相状态指示功能，较佳的做法，将开关电源侧以及负载侧的接点电性连接至本装置，若电源侧与负载侧非等电位，则可判读有欠相状态，此时微处理器输出的开关状态信号电性连接至显示面板，如此即可达到上述功能的要求。
为达到逆送电状态指示功能，较佳的做法，是将开关电源侧以及负载侧的接点电性连接至本装置，若电源侧没有电，但负载有电源，则可判读有逆送电的状态，此时微处理器输出的开关状态信号电性连接至显示面板，如此即可达到上述功能的要求。
为达到开关闭路(ON)状态指示功能，较佳的做法，是将开关电源侧以及负载侧的接点电性连接至本装置，若电源侧有电，负载侧也有电，则可判读有开关闭路状态。为达到开关断路状态或跳脱状态指示功能，将开关电源侧以及负载侧的接点电性连接至本装置，若电源侧有电，负载侧没有电，则可判读有开关为断路状态或者为跳脱的状态，此时可以在断路器外部或内部加装一断路辅助接点，如微动开关，即可分辨为断路或跳脱的状态，此时微处理器输出的开关状态信号电性连接至显示面板，如此即可达到上述功能的要求。
为达到开关接点熔接状态指示功能，较佳的做法，是将开关电源侧以及负载侧的接点电性连接至本装置，此时外加一分路跳脱线圈，当分路跳脱线圈作动时，开关二次负载侧若是与电源等电位，则即表示该开关接点有熔接现象。同理也可以用手动方式押住开关的跳脱按钮开关，由目测得知目前开关是否有接点熔接的现象，测试是否熔接必须在允许的情况下进行，如岁修或测试安全无虞，且系统不致于因测试造成损害。
为达到开关能够有漏电状态指示功能，较佳的做法，是可以在开关的二次负载侧，加上零相比流器或者漏电检测保护电驿以ΣI≠0时，即可了解得知线路开关的回路中是否有漏电的状态，此时微处理器输出的开关状态信号电性连接至显示面板，如此即可达到上述功能的要求。
为达到开关能够了解系统是否为过载的状态，较佳的做法，是可以利用系统上的电磁开关，利用电磁开关本身的积热过载电驿的接点来达到过载状态的指示状态功能，另一种实施方式为在电子电路的设计上，设有一设定回路以及一比较回路，得知是否在过
载的现象，如此即可达到过载指示状态的功能。
同理为达到开关能够有相序状态的指示功能，较佳的做法，是可以在开关一次电源侧电性连接电子回路，内部内键有相序顺序检测装置，如此即可达到当系统回路中相序如果必须判读时，不须要再用仪器检测，并可确保系统回路的安全性。
为达到开关能够在事故状态具保护功能，较佳的做法，是可以在开发负载侧电性连接至电子回路，并且设定其事故值的比较回路，如此即可达到事故发生时的状态指示。若是非上述故障状态，且判读为Trip状态，则可确定为短路事故状态。
以上较佳的实施方式案例，为系统有电时的检测方法，若当系统没有电源输入时，本装置内建有备用电池组输入供电，因此可以在没有电源供应时，也能够做检测及简易测试的功能。
以上开关接点状态检示装置，能够有正常电源供应中，即可得知所有的状态功能，并且如果没有电源供应时，也可由内建电子回路以及内部或外加电池组来了解状态。本发明并且在盒体与指示状态显示面板间中间，也可提供以扁平电缆方式连接，以利状态显示面板可以在盘面或盘内指示，大大提升用电的质量。
图1是本发明开关接点状态检示装置在断路器上的实施例外观示意图。
图2是本发明开关接点状态检示装置在断路器旁边的实施例外观示意图。
图3是本发明开关接点状态检示装置显示面板与本体连结的实施例外观示意图。
图4是本发明开关接点状态检示装置实施例的动作状态逻辑表。
图5是本发明开关接点状态检示装置实施例的动作顺序方块流程表。
图6是本发明开关接点状态检示装置实施例的电子电路的电路图。
图7是本发明开关接点状态检示装置实施例的内部装置示意图。
图8是本发明开关接点状态检示装置开关内部附分路跳脱及补助微动开关实施例示意图。
图中：
断路器10；断路器电源侧11；断路器负载侧12；跳脱按钮开关15；
把手16；辅助微动开关17；分路跳脱线圈18；
开关接点状态检示装置20；端子21；盒体22；
指拨开关(Dip sw)23；
显示面板24；干接点输出端子25；显示面板端子26；
盒体端子27；扁平电缆28；
电子电路30 微处理器(CPU)32
欠相指示灯41 逆相指示灯42 ON指示灯43
OFF指示灯44 Trip指示灯45；漏电指示灯46；过载指示灯47；
短路指示灯48；相序指示灯49；熔接指示灯50；
电源指示灯51；R相指示灯52；S相指示灯53；T相指示灯54；
N相指示灯55；U相指示灯56；V相指示灯57；W相指示灯58；
G相指示灯59；漏电保护电驿70；积热保护电驿71；零相比流器72；
相序保护电驿80；蓄电装置90；外部电源输入端子台91。
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明，以使本领域的技术人员可以更好的理解本发明并能予以实施，但所举实施例不作为对本发明的限定。
依据本发明的开关接点状态检示装置20，所实施的装置较佳实施例，如图1所示，开关接点状态检示装置20固定在断路器10上方，盒体22内部设有电子电路30、微处理器32(请参阅图6)，其断路器10的断路器电源侧11及断路器负载侧12的端子，分别与开关接点状态检示装置20的对应端子21电性连接到电子电路30。盒体22上方并有一指拨开关23，可依系统需求选择。此时，各点对地的电压值，可由电子电路30量测出来是否有电压值的存在。请参阅图6，各点对地是否有电压值的讯号电性连接到微处理器32，依图4默认的动作状态逻辑表，演算以得知开关接点的状态，其状态并由微处理器32输出到显示面板24控制对应指示灯号的亮灭。其状态并可电性连接至干接点输出端子25，以作为其他应用的输出接点。
如图2所示则为本发明的第二种实施例，若断路器10的侧边仍有空间，此时开关接点状态检示装置20可设计于断路器10的侧边。盒体22内部设有电子电路30、蓄电装置90、积热保护电驿71、漏电保护电驿70、相序保护电驿80及微处理器32(请参阅图7)，其断路器10的断路器电源侧11及断路器负载侧12的端子，分别与开关接点状态检示装置20的对应端子21电性连接到电子电路30。盒体22上方并有一指拨开关23，可依系统需求选择。此时，各点对地的电压值，可由电子电路30量测出来是否有电压值的存在。请参阅图6，各点对地是否有电压值的讯号电性连接到微处理器32，依图4默认的动作状态逻辑表，演算以得知开关接点的状态，其状态并由微处理器32输出到显示面板24控制对应指示灯号的亮灭。其状态并可电性连接至干接点输出端子25，以
作为其他应用的输出接点。开关接点状态检示装置20的代号及功能均相同于图1。
续参考图3，则为本发明的第三实施例，例如某些应用必须将开关接点状态检示于配电箱体表面时，此时开关接点状态检示装置20的显示面板24必须与盒体22采分离式的设计。显示面板24及盒体22各增设有信号连接端子座，为显示面板端子26及盒体端子27，显示面板端子26、盒体端子27以公母防呆方式设计，经由扁平电缆28进行信号的链接，以用于显示面板24可安装于所欲的对应位置。
如图4所示为本发明开关接点状态检示装置20系统电路的示意图及对应动作状态逻辑表。经由电子电路30量测，可得知一次侧及二次侧各相电压是否存在。所量测的各相电压是否存在的信号并送进微处理器32，经动作状态逻辑表得知开关接点的状态。例如第一列一次侧及二次侧各相皆有电压存在，其代表开关状态为ON。此时显示面板24的灯号计有电源指示灯51、ON指示灯43、R相指示灯52、S相指示灯53、T相指示灯54、N相指示灯55、U相指示灯56、V相指示灯57、W相指示灯58、G相指示灯59的灯亮起。而是否为熔接则可进一步于允许测试或岁修时判定(后叙)。
例如当上述各相电压进入电子电路30后，当一次电源侧11有电压而二次负载侧12各相电压有无电压现象，此时微处理器32输出信号至显示面板24，使欠相指示灯41亮。微处理器32所输出代表开关状态的信号，并连接到干接点输出端子座25，以作为其他应用的输出接点。
同理，当上述各相电压经电子电路30送进或微处理器32后，依动作状态逻辑表上的功能需求，当一次侧11没有电压而二次负载侧12有电压时，此时即可判读有逆送电的现象，微处理器32输出信号至显示面板24，使逆相指示灯42亮起。微处理器32所输出代表开关状态的信号，并连接到干接点输出端子座25，以作为其他应用的输出接点。
依据上述各相电压经电子电路30送进微处理器32后，依动作状态逻辑表上的功能需求，当一次电源侧11有电而二次负载侧12没有电源，此时有两种可能性，一为断路(OFF)的状态，一为跳脱(Trip)的状态。此时信号进入到内部微处理器32，若是在断路器10上更佳的方式，是有一种辅助微动开关17在断路器10内部位置，当OFF位置的辅助微动开关17(请参阅图8)有动作时，则代表目前是在OFF的状态。若不是，则表示目前是处在跳脱Trip的状态。此时微处理器32输出信号至显示面板24使OFF指示灯44亮或Trip指示灯45亮，微处理器32所输出代表开关状态的信号，并连接到干接点输出端子座25，以作为其他应用的输出接点。
如前述，当一次电源侧11及二次负载侧12的均有电压信号时表示开关状态信号为闭路(ON)或熔接。测试时可于断路器10内部设置分路跳脱线圈18(请参阅图8)，在断路器10跳脱无虞的前题下，微处理器32送出分路跳脱线圈18触发的控制信号使跳脱线圈动作，此时若二次负载侧12没有电压，则表示断路器10接点没有熔接，当二次负载侧12依然有电压源时，则代表断路器10接点已经有熔接的现象。若不增设跳脱线圈18，当然也可以依手动的方式按下断路器10上的跳脱按钮开关15，若按下跳脱按钮开关15，而ON指示灯43始终亮起，即表式为熔接状态，熔接指示灯50亮起。
依据本发明开关接点状态检示装置20的设计，可于一次电源侧11及二次负载侧12增设有零相比流器72(请参阅图6)，若一次电源侧11输入电流不等于二次侧12输出电流，亦即ΣI≠0时，如此即可了解判读是否有漏电的状况。此时微处理器32输出信号至显示面板24使漏电指示灯46亮起，微处理器32所输出代表开关状态的信号，并连接到干接点输出端子座25，以作为其他应用的输出接点。另一种实施方式为(请参阅图7)，若外部接有漏电保护电驿70装置，当发生漏电状态时，由漏电保护电驿70的接点信号输入到本装置20内部的微处理器32做判读，也可达到上述功能。
同理，依据本发明开关接点状态检示装置20的设计，若设计有积热保护电驿71装置(请参阅图7)，当过载时造成积热电驿71动作，由积热电驿71的接点信号输入到本装置20内部的微处理器32做判读表示过载(请参阅图6)。此时微处理器32输出信号至显示面板24使过载指示灯47亮起，微处理器32所输出代表开关状态的信号，并连接到干接点输出端子座25，以作为其他应用的输出接点。
依据本发明开关接点状态检示装置20的设计，若设计有相序保护电驿80(请参阅图7)，将其动作状态接点直接输入到本装置20，并经由内部微处理器32做判读，此时微处理器32输出开关状态信号至显示面板24使相序指示灯49亮起，微处理器32所输出代表开关状态的信号，并连接到干接点输出端子座25，以作为其他应用的输出接点。
依据本发明开关接点状态检示装置20的设计，当一次电源侧11及二次负载侧12的电压源输入，进入到内部微处理器32分析比较，若是非图4的动作状态逻辑表的开关状态，则表示为事故状态。此时微处理器32会发出一组信号至显示面板24上使短路指示灯48亮，微处理器32所输出代表开关状态的信号，并连接到干接点输出端子座25，以作为其他应用的输出接点。
以上所述的开关状态检示原理，主要判定核心为微处理器32，微处理器32的程序
执行流程图详如图5所示。
本发明开关接点状态检示装置20的设计，原则上当电源侧有电源时，上述所做动作均会如期达成，外部电源经外部电源输入端子台91连接。但是当外部没有电源输入时，本开关接点状态检示装置20在功能上就无法使用，因此在本开关接点状态检示装置20内部并设有一组蓄电装置90，当外部电源失效时，亦可由蓄电装置90供电，使开关接点状态检示装置20正常运作，外观如图7所示。
综上所述，本发明开关接点状态检示装置，可安装各开关旁边，并有扁平电缆可连接至盘面，通过电子电路等外围量测开关一次侧及二次侧的各相序电压、电流、保护电驿等信号，并经微处理器依动作逻辑状态表判定开关状态，以显示于显示面板，并具备干接点输出端子，通过内部机械的结构以及内部控制组件，可以解决各种特殊需求的应用，具有产业的利用性。
以上所述实施例仅是为充分说明本发明而所举的较佳的实施例，本发明的保护范围不限于此。本技术领域的技术人员在本发明基础上所作的等同替代或变换，均在本发明的保护范围之内。本发明的保护范围以权利要求书为准。
Claims (15)
- 一种开关接点状态检示装置，其特征在于，包括：一供检测开关一次侧及二次侧接点的电压信号状态的电子控制电路组件；一容装该电子控制电路组件的盒体，该盒体有一次侧电压输入端子；二次侧电压输入端子，以及一端子台组供接续该电子控制电路组件；与一电性连接到该电子控制电路组件的显示组件。
- 根据权利要求1所述的开关接点状态检示装置，其中该电子控制电路组件，包括：一电子电路，用以感测开关一次侧及二次侧电压信号；一微处理器，用以依据至少由该电子电路的输入信号，而判别开关接点状态，并将开关接点状态电性连接到该显示组件以显示开关接点状态。
- 根据权利要求2所述的开关接点状态检示装置，其特征在于，其中该微处器内建的程序依据受检测的开关一次侧及二次侧各相序的电压信号有无、过载积热电驿、漏电保护电驿、或相序保护电驿的信号接点，以上至少其中之一的因素据以判断演算开关的接点状态。
- 根据权利要求2所述的开关接点状态检示装置，其特征在于，其中该电子电路电性连接到开关的一次侧、二次侧各相序与地之间，并以串接一个电阻分压整流组件，将该电子电路各相序有电无电的信号送到微处理器。
- 根据权利要求4所述的开关接点状态检示装置，其特征在于，其中该电阻分压整流组件具有多个电阻彼此串连的分压整流组件。
- 根据权利要求1所述的开关接点状态检示装置，其特征在于，其中该盒体设有一接续端子供外部电源输入。
- 根据权利要求2所述的开关接点状态检示装置，其特征在于，其中该盒体还具有一端口，且该微处理器判别的开关接点状态也电性连接到该端口。
- 根据权利要求1所述的开关接点状态检示装置，其特征在于，其中该显示组件是显示开关状态的灯号显示灯组。
- 根据权利要求1所述的开关接点状态检示装置，其特征在于，其中该显示组件能够与该盒体分离设置，借由扁平电缆连接该盒体及该显示组件。
- 根据权利要求1所述的开关接点状态检示装置，其特征在于，其中该盒体还设有一指拨开关，用以切换输入电源的相数。
- 根据权利要求1所述的开关接点状态检示装置，其特征在于，其中该显示组件显示的项目，包括：电源、各相电压显示闭合、启断、跳脱、欠相、逆相、漏电、过载、相序、熔接或短路至少其中之一。
- 根据权利要求1所述的开关接点状态检示装置，其特征在于，该盒体还具有一内部蓄电回路以及一外接输入备用电源端子。
- 根据权利要求1所述的开关接点状态检示装置，其特征在于，是接续于内部有内装分路跳脱开关，以及一辅助接点的开关，当系统发生故障时可使开关跳脱。
- 一种开关接点状态检示方法，是将电气开关一次侧与二次侧的电压信号，先经由电子控制电路组件量测再送进微处理器判读后显示。
- 根据权利要求14所述的开关接点状态检示方法，其特征在于，包括：设置一电子控制电路组件在一装置内部；电性连接电子控制电路组件内的电子电路以及受检示的开关所属的一次侧与二次侧；将电子电路感测的信号送进微处理器；与使微处理器依据默认的动作状态逻辑进行判断，并将判断的讯号输出显示对应的结果。
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