Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C11/00—Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels
  • F17C11/005—Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels for hydrogen
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
  • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
  • Y02P90/45—Hydrogen technologies in production processes

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the general field of storage tanks for hydrogen in the form of hydrides, especially metal hydrides.
• Hydrogen belongs to the alternative energy storage vectors developed for several years now. Hydrogen can be obtained in various ways, for example from natural gas or other hydrochlorides, and can in particular be produced by the electrolysis of high temperature water (HET), particularly electrolysis of high temperature water vapor (EVHT), respectively designated by the English names “High Temperature Electrolysis” (HTE) and “High Temperature Steam Electrolysis” (HTSE). Hydrogen may furthermore advantageously be used as a source of energy in solid oxide fuel cells, usually referred to as SOFC for "Solid Oxide Fuel Cells" in English or in the case of fuel cells with carbon dioxide exchange membranes. protons (or PEM for "Proton Exchange Membranes”).
• HET high temperature water
• EVHT high temperature water vapor
• SOFC Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
• protons or PEM for "Proton Exchange Membranes”
• the invention finds applications in various fields of the industry, and in particular when there is a need for hydrogen compression, as for example for hydride hydrogen gas compressors such as for hydrogen service stations.
• the invention applies both to hydrogen storage solutions of the stationary type of embedded type.
• the invention can be used for on-board storage of hydrogen, for example for a fuel cell or a heat engine, for example for means of transport, such as boats, submarines, cars, buses, trucks. , construction machinery, two wheels, among others.
• the invention can be used in the field of transportable power supplies such as batteries for portable electronic devices such as mobile phones, laptops, among others.
• the invention can also be used for the stationary storage of hydrogen, for example in large quantities, as for the generators, or for the storage of hydrogen produced in large quantities by electrolysis of water with water. electricity from wind turbines, photovoltaic panels, geothermal, among others.
• the invention can also be used to store any other source of hydrogen, for example from hydrocarbon reforming or other processes for obtaining hydrogen (photo-catalysis, biological, geological, among others).
• the invention proposes a hydrogen storage tank by absorption of hydrogen in a hydrogen storage material comprising a filtering textile material associated with separation elements, as well as an associated manufacturing method.
• the storage of hydrogen in a hydride is an exothermic reaction, ie it releases heat, while the release of hydrogen is an endothermic reaction, ie it absorbs heat.
• An important constraint in the field of storage and release of hydrogen is to be able to better manage the thermal operating conditions, for example those of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) or a water electrolyser at high temperature (EHT).
• SOFC solid oxide fuel cell
• EHT water electrolyser at high temperature
• the French patent application FR 2 953 820 A1 discloses the use of vertical separators in the form of cups, arranged at equal distance by threading them onto a porous hydrogen distribution tube at the same time as in the ferrule of the cylinder.
• a curved edge makes it possible to create flexibility that makes it possible to elastically clamp the cups on the tube or ferrule.
• the device ensures easy passage of hydrogen to or from the hydride powder ensuring a confinement of the hydride powder in each bucket.
• French patent application FR 2 996 628 A1 describes a compartmentalization of a hydride reservoir in the form of a vertical cylinder made by means of buckets stacked on a central tube.
• the central tube consists of an assembly of tube sections, each section being tightly mounted in a central orifice of each bucket. The seal between each bucket is ensured by deformation of lips. Hydrogen arrives in each well because the central tube is porous with hydrogen but not to the hydride powder.
• the device also makes it possible to ensure easy passage of hydrogen to or from the hydride powder by ensuring confinement of the hydride powder in each bucket.
• French patent application FR 3,014,999 A1 teaches the realization of a subdivision via stacked buckets.
• the hydrogen enters through a filter incorporated in the walls of the cup, and a seal by interlocking and O-ring is formed between each of the cups.
• the object of the invention is to remedy at least partially the needs mentioned above and the drawbacks relating to the embodiments of the prior art.
• the invention aims in particular to provide a new hydrogen storage tank design, including a hydride tank in the form of a vertical cylinder, which is simple and practical so as to make assembly easy.
• the invention thus has, according to one of its aspects, a hydrogen storage tank by absorption of hydrogen in a hydrogen storage material comprising:
• each separating element comprising a passage for mounting the separating element around the conduit, and each separating element forming a substantially perpendicular bottom at the longitudinal axis receiving a hydrogen storage material so as to form a plurality of beds of hydrogen storage material.
• each separating element comprises a filtering textile material capable of passing hydrogen and / or a purge gas, in particular a neutral gas, and preventing the passage of storage material.
• This filtering textile material advantageously extending substantially perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis and in contact with the inner wall of the envelope, the filtering textile material being kept in contact with the envelope by means of at least one blocking element positioned so that the filtering textile material is locked between the inner wall of the casing and said at least one locking element.
• the blocking element in contact with the filtering textile material makes it possible to ensure the necessary seal between the corresponding separating element and the envelope in order to prevent any storage material, in particular hydride powder, can not cross a bed of storage material, that is to say, can not pass to a lower floor of the storage tank.
• the invention makes it possible to ensure a circulation of hydrogen and / or a flushing gas through the various separation elements, and thus through the various stages of the tank.
• This function may be desirable for various reasons.
• the presence of a stream of hydrogen and / or flushing gas through each bed of storage material may be desired in order to cause pollution contained in these beds of storage material to the outside the tank, for example. This can then allow "cleaning" of the storage material.
• it may also be desired to cool or heat the storage materials through a stream of hydrogen and / or cooled or heated flushing gas. Then, the invention advantageously allows a uniform scanning, on each floor, of the storage material.
• the hydrogen storage tank according to the invention may further comprise one or more of the following characteristics taken separately or in any possible technical combinations.
• the filtering textile material may in particular be in the form of a textile strip, in particular a circular-shaped textile strip.
• filter refers to the fact that the textile material allows the hydrogen and / or a purge gas to pass through, while preventing the passage of storage material.
• the filtering textile material may comprise several types of materials.
• the textile filter material is metal and / or polymer.
• the filtering textile material comprises a metallic and / or polymeric fabric.
• the filtering textile material may comprise any type of weaving, for example a square weave (or even "Plain” type in English), a Dutch weave (or “Dutch” type), a weaving type serge (or “Twilled” type in English), a weaving reps cross-frame (or type "Twilled Dutch” in English), among others.
• Each separating element may comprise a plurality of hydrogen and / or scavenging gas orifices, in particular regularly distributed over the surface of the separating element, through which the filtering textile material extends.
• the filtering textile material may comprise a peripheral portion extending at least in part substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the envelope in contact with the inner wall of the envelope, said peripheral portion of the filter textile material being blocked between the inner wall of the casing and said at least one blocking element.
• the peripheral portion of the filter textile material can surround said at least one locking element on at least half, especially more than half, of the periphery of said at least one blocking element.
• said at least one blocking element can be kept in contact with the filtering textile material by means of holding means of said at least one blocking element, said at least one blocking element being in particular sandwiched between the filtering means. maintenance and the filtering textile material, in particular a peripheral portion of the filtering textile material.
• the holding means in particular in the form of a holding ring, can be positioned, in particular fixed, for example by soldering or stitching, on the periphery of a peripheral portion of the filtering textile material, said portion peripheral being in contact with the inner wall of the casing, and may have a larger transverse dimension, that is to say the largest dimension along the transverse axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, less than the largest transverse dimension of the internal volume of the envelope in which are located the conduit, the separating elements and the hydrogen storage materials, so that the peripheral portion of the filter textile material at least partially encompasses said at least one locking element then held in a fold of the filter textile material.
• the holding means may comprise a plurality of fastening elements making it possible to fix the said at least one blocking element and the corresponding separating element to one another.
• the holding means may comprise a holding member defining at least one housing in which is located said at least one blocking element thus sandwiched between the holding member and the textile filter material.
• each separating element may comprise a first assembly element and a second assembly element between which the filtering textile material extends, the first and second assembly elements being joined together by means of 'assembly.
• the first assembly means may comprise a plurality of first hydrogen and / or scavenging gas orifices
• the second assembly means may comprise a plurality of second orifices for the passage of hydrogen and / or gas.
• the first and second through-holes are respectively facing each other to form a plurality of hydrogen through-holes and / or flushing gases together, the filtering textile material extending between the first and the second through holes.
• Said at least one locking element may have an elasticity capable of allowing said at least one blocking element to be held in position against the filtering textile material.
• said at least one blocking element is elastic, and may in particular comprise an elastic ring, in particular a coil-type spring, for example with non-contiguous turns, and / or an open one-piece ring in the form of a beam comprising two flats. able to interlock with each other to close the ring.
• the largest transverse dimension of the at least one locking element when not stressed, that is to say not positioned inside the casing, can advantageously be greater than the largest transverse dimension of the volume. internal of the envelope in which are located the conduit, the separation elements and the hydrogen storage materials.
• said at least one blocking element is mounted tightly in the casing, in contact with the filtering textile material, against the inner wall of the casing. This preloading of said at least one blocking element, for plating the textile filter material in the interior of the casing, provides the necessary seal between the inner wall of the casing and the textile filter material.
• the reservoir may include means for collecting hydrogen and / or flushing gas, these collection means being formed in particular in an upper wall of the tank closing the upper end of the envelope.
• These collection means may in particular be in the form of a collection passage formed in the upper wall of the reservoir.
• the upper wall of the tank may also be traversed by the hydrogen supply duct.
• the hydrogen supply duct may also allow a supply of purge gas.
• the separating elements are regularly spaced from each other along the hydrogen supply duct.
• the envelope is of cylindrical shape.
• the longitudinal axis of the envelope preferably corresponds to a vertical axis so that the envelope is preferably in the form of a vertical cylinder.
• the separating elements are advantageously mounted on the hydrogen supply duct sealingly.
• the separating elements can particularly be mounted tight on the conduit, for example by soldering, welding, gluing, force mounting, among others.
• the separating elements can be formed in one piece with the conduit.
• each separating element may be in the form of a disc or a cup, or a tray.
• the distance, or the longitudinal space, between two successive separation elements along the longitudinal axis may be less than the largest transverse dimension of the internal volume of the envelope.
• the ratio between the distance between two successive separation elements and the largest transverse dimension of the internal volume of the envelope can be strictly less than 1. This value can be refined by performing, in particular, stress increase measurements for storage material beds of different slenderness, in particular because each storage material, especially each hydride, does not exhibit the same behavior in cycling.
• the hydrogen storage material may preferably comprise hydrides, especially metal hydrides.
• the subject of the invention is also a method for manufacturing a hydrogen storage tank as defined above, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
• each separating element being introduced into the envelope as soon as the hydrogen storage material is put in place on this separating element.
• the hydrogen storage tank and the manufacturing method according to the invention may comprise any of the features set forth in the description, taken alone or in any technically possible combination with other characteristics.
• FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a hydrogen storage tank according to the invention
• FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic sectional view showing in isolation a separating element of the hydrogen storage tank of FIG. 1;
• FIG. 3 is a partial view from above of a separating element of the hydrogen storage tank of FIG. 1, without representation of the peripheral portion of the filtering textile material,
• FIG. 4 illustrates, in the form of a representation similar to that of FIG. 1, the supply and collection of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank of FIG. 1,
• FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a part of FIG. 1 showing a detail of embodiment of the hydrogen storage tank of FIG. 1 and illustrating the circulation of hydrogen through the separation elements
• FIG. 6A illustrates, in perspective, an example of a blocking element for a hydrogen storage tank according to the invention
• FIG. 6B illustrates, in perspective, a plurality of other possible examples for a blocking element of a hydrogen storage tank according to the invention
• FIGS. 7A to 7D illustrate possible weaving examples for a textile filtering material of a hydrogen storage tank according to the invention.
• FIGS. 8A to 8C are schematic half-sectional views, similar to that of FIG. 2, showing alternative embodiments of holding a blocking element in position for a hydrogen storage tank conforming to FIG. invention.
• the hydrogen storage material corresponds to hydrides, especially metal hydrides.
• the described hydrogen storage tank has a cylindrical shape of revolution. Nevertheless, any tank formed by hollow element having a longitudinal dimension greater than its transverse dimension, and having any cross section, for example circular or polygonal or ellipsoidal, is not beyond the scope of the present invention.
• FIG. 1 there is shown an embodiment of a hydrogen storage tank 1 by absorption of hydrogen in a hydrogen storage material 2.
• the tank 1 comprises an envelope, or shell 3, of longitudinal axis X closed at a lower end by a lower bottom 17.
• the tank 1 also has an upper wall 15 provided with an O-ring 16 closing the upper end of the ferrule 3.
• the reservoir 1 is intended to be generally oriented so that the longitudinal axis X is substantially aligned with the direction of the gravity vector. However, during its use, for example in the case of embedded use, its orientation may change.
• the reservoir 1 comprises hydrogen supply means including in particular a hydrogen supply pipe 4 extending along the longitudinal axis X of the lower bottom 17 towards the upper wall 15.
• the conduit 4 is for example connected to a hydrogen supply circuit, for example at one of its longitudinal ends, in particular its upper longitudinal end.
• a hydrogen supply circuit for example at one of its longitudinal ends, in particular its upper longitudinal end.
• the interior of the tank 1 is divided into a plurality of stages along the longitudinal axis X and each stage comprises storage material 2. These stages are made in such a way that they prevent the passage of the storage material, especially in the form of hydride powder, from one stage to another, thus avoiding the accumulation of powder in a stage, especially in the lower stages and the appearance of pressure stresses on the inner wall of the ferrule 3.
• the reservoir 1 comprises a stack of a plurality of separating elements 5 along the longitudinal axis X, regularly spaced from each other along the hydrogen supply conduit 4.
• These separating elements 5 are mounted on the duct 4 in a sealed manner, for example by soldering, by welding, by gluing or by force fitting, or else formed in one piece with the duct 4.
• these elements 5 are here in the form of disks 5.
• Each disc 5 has a passage 6, or central orifice, which allows the mounting of the disc 5 around the conduit 4.
• each disc 5 defines a bottom perpendicular to the longitudinal axis X on which hydride powder is deposited during the manufacture of the tank 1 to form a plurality of stages or beds of hydride powder.
• the discs 5 are mounted on the duct 4 so that the longitudinal space EL between two successive discs 5 is smaller than the inner diameter Tv of the internal volume V of the shell 3.
• the thickness of the hydride powder beds can be controlled.
• the EL / Tv ratio is strictly less than 1.
• each separating element 5 comprises a filtering textile material 7, here in the form of a metal filter fabric 7, this choice of material being in no way limiting.
• This fabric 7 is able to pass hydrogen and / or a purge gas.
• the duct 4 can make it possible to circulate hydrogen from its upper end to its lower end, and thus to release it vertically through the separation elements 5, as will be described hereinafter with reference to FIGS. and 5, but it can also allow the passage of a sweep gas, in particular a neutral gas, which then passes through the hydride beds and may optionally heat or cool.
• the filter fabric 7 prevents the passage of hydride powder 2.
• the filter fabric 7 extends perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis X and is curved on its circular peripheral portion 10 to come into contact with the cylindrical inner wall 3a of the shell 3.
• the filter cloth 7 is kept in contact of this inner wall 3a through a locking element 8, here in the form of an elastic ring 8, which allows to press the filter cloth 7 against the inner wall 3a of the shell 3.
• the curved peripheral portion 10 of the filtering fabric 7 serves to enclose at least part of the elastic ring 8.
• peripheral portion 10 extends further in part parallel to the longitudinal axis X in contact with the inner wall 3a of the shell 3, being then locked between the inner wall 3a and the elastic ring 8.
• the peripheral portion 10 of the filter fabric 7 surrounds, when viewed in longitudinal section, more than half of the periphery P of the elastic ring 8.
• the filtering fabric 7 encloses the elastic ring 8, in particular by forming a narrowing at the end of the fabric. More specifically, holding means in the form of a retaining ring 11a are fixed on the periphery Pi of the peripheral portion 10 of the filter cloth 7.
• This retaining ring 11a corresponds for example to a wire, for example metal or polymer which is fixed, for example by soldering or stitching, at the end of filter cloth 7, that is to say at the end of the peripheral portion 10.
• this retaining ring 11a has a diameter Tm which is substantially smaller than the internal diameter Tv of the internal volume V of the shell 3. Then, as shown in FIG. 2, the filter cloth 7 is, at the level of the end of its peripheral portion 10, in superposition with a portion of its main portion so that the peripheral portion 10 includes the elastic ring 8 on more than half of its circumference.
• Figures 8A, 8B and 8C illustrate alternative embodiments of the holding means.
• the holding means 11b can be in the form of a plurality of fastening elements 11b, for example of the staple type, distributed at several points around the periphery of the elastic ring. 8.
• FIGS. 8B and 8C illustrate the possibility of having a holding element 11b, in the form of an annular groove, defining a housing 12 in which is located the elastic ring 8 then sandwiched between the element of holding 11b and the filter cloth 7.
• the elastic ring 8 may have in section any type of shape, for example circular as in Figure 8B or polygonal, for example rectangular or square, as in Figure 8C.
• the elastic ring 8 can be of different types, being for example a helical spring, in particular with non-contiguous turns, as in the example of FIG. 6A and of FIG. 8B, or else be presented under the form of an open monoblock ring in the form of a beam or segment, as in the examples of Figure 6B and that of Figure 8C.
• Figure 6B illustrates a plurality of rings, in the form of circularly wound beams, possible to achieve the elastic ring 8, in different diameters.
• the ring has two opposite flats
• the unstressed diameter Tb of the locking ring 8, as shown in FIG. 2 is greater than the internal diameter Tv of the internal volume.
• the elastic ring 8 in particular in the form of a spring, is mounted in prestressing in the ferrule 3.
• FIGS. 7A to 7D illustrate different types of weaving possible for the filter fabric 7.
• the weave may be of the square weave (or "plain” type) type, as in FIG. 7A, of the type Dutch weaving (or else "Dutch” type in English) as in Figure 7B, weaving type serge type (or type “Twilled” in English) as in Figure 7C, or type weaving type reps cross frame (or “Twilled Dutch” type in English) as in Figure 7D.
• each separating element 5 is formed by assembling a first rigid assembly plate 5a and a second rigid assembly plate 5b between which the filtering fabric extends. 7.
• the assembly of the plates 5a and 5b can be done by means of assembly means 13 of any type, taking for example the form of rivets, screws, among others.
• the assembly means 13 can be distributed at several places of the separating element 5, as for the examples of FIG. 1 and FIGS. 8A to 8C, or else be located only at the center of the element of separation 5 or at the level of the duct 4.
• each plate 5a, 5b, in disk form, is perforated respectively with first holes 9a and second holes 9b, these holes 9a and
• a first hole 9a associated with a second hole 9b face to face together form a through hole 9 of the separation element 5 for the circulation of hydrogen and / or flushing gas, as shown in FIG. 3.
• These passage orifices 9 are preferably regularly distributed on the surface of the separating element 5.
• the filter fabric 7 extends between the first hole 9a and the second hole 9b together forming the through hole 9.
• Such a through hole 9 advantageously allows the hydrogen and / or the purge gas to pass, but in no case the hydride powder 2.
• the filter fabric 7 prevents the hydride powder 2 from descending to the lower stage of the tank 1.
• the reservoir 1 comprises means 18 for collecting hydrogen and / or scavenging gas, for example in the form of a passage 18 in the upper wall 15 of the tank 1 closing the upper end of the ferrule 3.
• a flow of hydrogen enters the duct 4 at its upper end, this flow possibly being accompanied by a flow of flushing gas, then spring at the bottom of the duct 4, at its lower end close to the bottom 17, to then be able to flow vertically through the plurality of separation elements 5, and in particular through their through openings 9, which is permeable through a filter cloth 7 permeable to gases but not to hydride powder 2.
• the flow of hydrogen possibly linked to a flow of purge gas, emerges from the tank 1 at the top by the through the collection passage 18 formed in the upper wall 15 of the tank 1.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
• Fuel Cell (AREA)
• Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
• Filtering Materials (AREA)

Priority Applications (1)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

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Family Applications (1)

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Cited By (1)

Citations (4)

Family Cites Families (4)

• 2016
  • 2016-12-08 FR FR1662160A patent/FR3060099B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2017
  • 2017-12-06 WO PCT/FR2017/053410 patent/WO2018104657A2/fr unknown
  • 2017-12-06 EP EP17816995.9A patent/EP3551928A2/de not_active Withdrawn

Patent Citations (4)

Non-Patent Citations (4)

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