Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C11/00—Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels
  • F17C11/005—Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels for hydrogen
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
  • F17C2201/01—Shape
  • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
  • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
  • F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
  • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
  • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a hydrogen storage tank with metal hydrides and a hydrogen storage device comprising at least one such tank.
• Hydrogen is a widespread element in the universe and on Earth, it can be produced from natural gas or other hydrocarbons, but also by simple electrolysis of water using for example the electricity produced by solar or wind energy.
• Hydrogen batteries are already used in some applications, for example in motor vehicles but are still not widespread, especially because of the precautions to be taken and difficulties in storing hydrogen.
• Hydrogen can be stored in compressed form between 350 and 700
• the principle of solid storage of hydrogen in the form of hydride is as follows: some materials and in particular some metals have the ability to absorb hydrogen to form a hydride, this reaction is called absorption. The hydride formed can again give hydrogen gas and a metal. This reaction is called desorption.
• Absorption or desorption occurs as a function of hydrogen partial pressure and temperature.
• M being the powder or metal matrix
• a metal powder is used which is brought into contact with hydrogen, an absorption phenomenon appears and a metal hydride is formed.
• the hydrogen is liberated according to a desorption mechanism.
• the storage of hydrogen is an exothermic reaction, ie one that releases heat, while the release of hydrogen is an endothermic reaction, ie which absorbs heat.
• the material absorbing hydrogen increases in volume.
• US 4,667,815 discloses a metal hydride storage device having a cylindrical vessel in which hydride-containing cans are superposed. Each box has an upper portion provided with an outer flange surrounding a recessed portion of a lower bead, the flange being in contact with the interior surface of the vessel, thereby providing heat exchange between the interior and the interior of the vessel. outside.
• a storage device having a vessel of longitudinal axis for receiving the storage material and heat transfer elements mounted in the tank and in contact with the interior of the tank.
• the storage material is disposed in the vessel so as to exchange heat with the heat transfer elements.
• the elements comprise an outer peripheral edge in elastic support against the inner face of the vessel so that contact between the heat transfer elements and the vessel is ensured despite differential expansion and / or geometric defects, and heat transfer between the conductive elements and the ferrule are maintained.
• the heat transfer element or elements comprises a central zone and the peripheral edge comprises a plurality of tongues folded with respect to this central zone, the tongues ensuring contact with the wall of the vessel and deforming about their axis. folding.
• the central zone and the tongues are in one piece.
• the central zone may comprise radial cuts, which provides greater flexibility to the heat transfer element and allows the heat transfer element a greater amplitude of deformation.
• the subject of the invention is therefore a reservoir intended for the storage of hydrogen by absorption in a hydrogen storage material, comprising a ferrule of longitudinal axis closed at its two longitudinal ends, a hydrogen supply and an evacuation of hydrogen.
• the hydrogen released and at least one heat transfer element mounted transversely in the ferrule and in contact with the inner surface of the shell, said heat transfer element having an outer peripheral edge in elastic contact with the inner surface of the ferrule so that the contact between the heat transfer element and the ferrule is maintained during temperature variations during the phases of charging and discharging hydrogen, said heat transfer element being intended to ensure heat transfer from and to the storage material to be contained in the tank.
• the heat transfer element comprises a substantially flat central zone and the peripheral edge comprises tongues surrounding the central zone, said tongues forming an angle with the central zone.
• the tongues are formed integrally with the central zone and are folded with respect to the central zone.
• the ferrule has a substantially circular section and the heat transfer element has a substantially circular shape, a dimension between a base of the tongues connected to the central zone and a free end of the tongues being between 0.5% and 75% of the inner radius of the ferrule.
• the heat transfer element may comprise at least one through hole
• the heat transfer element may comprise a plurality of through holes having means capable of allowing the hydrogen to pass and preventing the passage of the storage material in the form of powder.
• the reservoir may comprise at least one duct extending along the longitudinal axis in the shell and passing through the heat transfer element through said through hole.
• the through hole of the heat transfer element may advantageously be flanked by tongues in elastic contact with the conduit.
• the through hole is advantageously located in the center of the central zone and in which the heat transfer element has radial cutouts extending from the through hole.
• the reservoir advantageously comprises means capable of passing the hydrogen and preventing the passage of the storage material in the form of powder disposed at least between the tabs of the peripheral edge and / or the tongues of the through hole.
• the heat transfer element may comprise radial cuts extending from the peripheral edge and not opening into the central hole.
• the reservoir comprises at least one container disposed on the heat transfer element, said container being intended to contain hydrogen storage material.
• a clearance can be provided between the container and the inner surface of the shell.
• the bottom of the container is formed by the heat transfer element.
• the reservoir may advantageously comprise a thermal conductive structure inserted in the container.
• the reservoir may comprise a plurality of heat transfer elements defining, in pairs, a compartment intended to contain thermal storage material.
• the container is disposed in contact between two heat transfer elements.
• a thermal management system in contact with the outside of the ferrule may advantageously be provided.
• the reservoir may comprise a storage material in the form of a powder, the heat transfer elements being embedded in the powder or a powdered storage material contained in at least one container or a pelletized storage material placed in contact with each other. between two heat transfer elements, hydrogen diffusion elements may be provided in contact with the pellets.
• FIGS. 1A, 1B and 1C are, respectively, top, side and perspective views of a heat transfer element according to the invention
• FIG. 1D is a longitudinal sectional view of part of the element of FIG. 1A
• FIGS. 2A to 2E are diagrammatic representations of exemplary mounting devices using heat transfer elements of FIGS. 1A to 1C,
• FIGS. 3A and 3B are views from above and in perspective respectively of another exemplary embodiment of a heat transfer element according to the invention.
• FIG. 3C is a sectional view of the element of FIGS. 3A and 3B along the plane AA in a first state of deformation and in a second state of deformation,
• FIGS. 4A to 4C are different views of another exemplary embodiment of a storage device used with thermal transfer elements according to the invention. DETAILED PRESENTATION OF PARTICULAR EMBODIMENTS
• the term “hydriding cycle” refers to an absorption phase followed by a hydrogen desorption phase.
• tank or tanks described have a cylindrical shape of revolution, which represents the preferred embodiment. Nevertheless any tank formed by hollow element having a longitudinal dimension greater than its transverse dimension, and having any section, for example polygonal or ellipsoidal is not beyond the scope of the present invention.
• a hydrogen storage device comprises one or more tanks containing storage material and a thermal management system for supplying and extracting heat to release hydrogen and store it respectively in the storage material.
• Figures 2A to 2C show schematic representations of storage material tanks.
• the tank 2 comprises a ferrule 4 of longitudinal axis X closed at a lower end by a lower bottom 6.
• the tank also comprises an upper bottom (not shown) closing the upper end of the shell 4.
• the shell 4 is, in the example shown, of circular section.
• the reservoir is intended to be generally oriented so that the longitudinal axis X is substantially aligned with the direction of the gravity vector. However during its use, especially in the case of embedded use, its orientation may change.
• the reservoir comprises means (not shown) for supplying hydrogen and collecting hydrogen.
• the reservoir also comprises heat transfer elements 8 mounted inside the ferrule 4.
• An exemplary embodiment of one of these heat transfer elements is shown in FIGS. 1A to 1C. These means provide thermal conduction oriented transversely between the storage material M and the ferrule.
• the heat transfer element 8 has substantially the shape of a flat-bottom circular cup having a central zone 10 and on its radially outer periphery tabs or lugs 12 which are inclined with respect to the plane of the central zone 10.
• the tongues 12 are advantageously made in one piece with the central zone 10, by cutting and folding.
• the tongues may be substantially planar or may have a curvature, in the latter case, the contact between the tongues and the ferrule is tangentially, it is then increased relative to flat tabs for which the contact with the ferrule is linear. .
• the tabs form with the central zone 10 an angle greater than or equal to 90 °.
• the tongues 12 When mounting the heat transfer element in the shell, the tongues 12 are radially deformed radially inwardly. A low plastic deformation can occur, but the contact will always be assured by the elastic return part of the tongues.
• the heat transfer elements 8 are made of a material offering good thermal conductivity with respect to the storage material, and preferably a very good thermal conductivity such as copper or aluminum.
• the material of the heat transfer element has a thermal conductivity at least ten times greater than that of the storage material.
• the distance between the end of the tabs 12 attached to the central zone 10 and their free end is between a few percent to a few tens of percent of the inner diameter of the shell, for example between 0.5% and 75%, the inner diameter of the ferrule, for example equal to 10%.
• they have a sufficient surface in contact with the inner surface of the shell 4 to conduct the heat.
• the dimensions of the heat transfer elements 8 are chosen so as to allow their mounting in the ferrule and to ensure elastic deformation of the tongues.
• the diameter at the periphery of the tongues is slightly greater than that of the inner diameter of the ferrule.
• the thermal transfer elements at the periphery of the tongues may have a diameter 1 to 2 mm greater than the inside diameter of the ferrule. This value may depend on the geometric defect measured on the ferrule.
• the value of the diameter ⁇ at the periphery of the tongues is determined by placing itself at the elastic limit of the material of the heat transfer elements 8 when it is equal, after mounting, to the average diameter of the ferrule.
• this value of diameter ⁇ is increased by the difference between this diameter and the largest diameter of the ferrule, the ferrule not being perfectly circular: ⁇ - ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ max. It may be possible to choose a diameter ⁇ more important, in this case the tabs will deform more plastically.
• the tongues 12 deform primarily elastically but plastic deformation can also take place. The residual elasticity ensures a permanent contact between each tongue and the inner wall of the ferrule.
• the thickness of the heat transfer elements is chosen according to the intended application, the kinetics of loading or unloading of the hydrogen may be different.
• the thickness of the heat transfer element is chosen as a function of the heat flux to be removed by conduction.
• the heat transfer elements may have a thickness of the order of 1 mm.
• FIG. 2A schematically shows heat transfer elements 8 mounted in ferrule 4. Heat transfer elements 8 are held in ferrule 4 by virtue of the radial elastic deformation of tabs 12.
• the heat transfer elements define compartments for the storage material.
• each stage rests on the powder of the lower stage (FIG. 2C).
• This material can be in different forms. It can be in the form of pellets formed of a hydride compacted with other materials to ensure the cohesion of the pellets and improve the conduction of heat, for example the hydride can be mixed with carbon. These pellets retain their shape substantially during the watering cycles (FIG. 2C).
• the storage material may be in the form of loose powder, the storage device is then filled directly with the powder ( Figure 2A or 2B).
• the storage material may be in the form of massive slabs or ingots or more generally of polyhedral pieces of millimeter size or centimeter.
• the material in these different forms simplifies filling. During the hydriding cycles, the material tends to swell as it absorbs hydrogen. The heterogeneous swelling by nature of the material causes fragmentation, the man of the art also said decrepitation, of it powder. This case may correspond to the examples of FIGS. 2A and 2B.
• the heat transfer element comprises holes 14 distributed in the central zone 10 allowing the passage of hydrogen from one compartment to the other during the charging and discharging phases.
• These holes 14 may be of identical or variable section.
• the holes 14 are closed by means ensuring the passage of hydrogen but preventing the passage of the powder.
• These means are for example formed by a fine grid, a metal fabric, a porous sintered material or even a filter made of organic or polymeric material, under the sole constraint of not polluting the hydrogen storage material or hydrogen. even under the conditions of temperature and pressure of use of the hydride material.
• the holes are of different sections, the radially outermost holes being of larger section. The holes could be of constant section. The total section of the holes is determined according to the flow of hydrogen that must be passed through.
• the means preventing the passage of the powder through the holes are chosen so as to prevent the passage of fine particles of hydride, between 1 ⁇ and 5 ⁇ in the case of a LaNi5-type hydride, for example.
• the passage of hydrogen may also take place at the periphery of the heat transfer elements 8, between the tongues, in particular in the embodiments of the figures of FIGS. 2A and 2C.
• the central zone of the heat transfer element comprises a central passage 16 which is also bordered by tongues 18 oriented towards the axis of the heat transfer element.
• This central passage 16 is for example intended for the passage of a conduit (not shown) for the flow of a coolant bringing or removing heat depending on the stage of the hydriding cycle.
• the tongues 18 are elastically deformed by the tube, good contact is then obtained also ensuring good heat transfer between the conduit and the heat transfer elements.
• the tongues 18 in elastic contact with the conduit allow at least partially closing the clearance between the conduit and the edge of the through hole and thus prevent at least partly the fall of powder in the lower compartment.
• a filter element as described above can be envisaged to prevent the hydride material in powder form from passing into the interstices between the tongues 12 or 18 without preventing the passage of hydrogen.
• This through hole 16 may serve alternately to the passage of a supply conduit and hydrogen collection.
• the conduit is for example made of porous material, for example made of Poral ® or pierced with through holes, and connected to a supply circuit and hydrogen collection; the size of the holes in the tube is small enough to prevent the passage of the powder.
• a duct made of porous material calibrated to a size of 1 ⁇ m to ensure a hydride powder seal and a passage of hydrogen.
• the tabs 18 are not required because it does not seek heat exchange between the heat transfer elements and the supply duct and collection of hydrogen. Nevertheless, as indicated above, the tongues 18 in elastic contact with the duct may make it possible to seal at least partially the clearance between the duct and the edge of the through hole and thus prevent at least part of the falling of powder in the compartment inferior.
• passage holes for the passage of several ducts may be provided, it is possible to envisage one or more circulation ducts of a coolant and / or one or more conduits for supplying and collecting hydrogen.
• FIG. 2A the storage material M in powder form in each compartment is received in a container resting on a heat transfer element.
• the container is such that its side wall is not in contact with the shell, providing a lateral clearance between the shell and the container, thus avoiding a force applied to the shell when the storage material swells.
• This side game also allows the passage of hydrogen.
• This container 20 ensures the retention of the powder and prevents it from being in contact with the wall of the ferrule and further ensures by contact with the heat transfer element thermal conduction.
• the containers are stacked, the lower containers supporting the upper containers.
• the containers are for example stainless steel, copper, aluminum.
• the side wall of the container is made of plastic material and that the bottom of the container is formed directly by the element 8.
• the powder storage material M is then in direct contact with the element 8 which ensures good heat transfer between the material and the element while using a plastic material to partially ensure the retention of the powder.
• the container 20 of a compartment is in contact by its upper end with the heat transfer element 8 of the upper compartment 20.
• the heat transfer element 8 of the upper compartment forms a lid limiting the leakage of the powder by the top of the container and further this contact also allows a heat exchange.
• heat exchange takes place both at the bottom of the container and at the top of the container.
• the storage material in powder form is in direct contact with the ferrule.
• the height of the powder bed is chosen to be smaller than the diameter of the powder bed in order to neglect the mechanical pressure exerted by the powder on the ferrule relative to that of hydrogen.
• stages are made in the tank by mounting transverse plates 22 and heat transfer elements 8 according to the invention are arranged in the powder thickness.
• the heat transfer elements 8 are embedded in the powder, each heat transfer element then thermally exchanges with the powder by its lower face and its upper face.
• each heat transfer element undergoes mechanical pressure from the powder on both sides.
• the elements 8 can slide along the axis of the ferrule during swelling of the material when it is loaded.
• the elements can slide in the ferrule at each loading / unloading phase or can reach a substantially fixed position depending on the stresses between the elements and the ferrule.
• a means ensuring the retention of the powder and the passage of hydrogen may be provided to prevent the powder from passing through the elements 8 either at the holes 14 or at the interstices between the tongues 12 and smallpox and between the tabs 18 and the duct.
• the storage material M is in the form of a tablet.
• Each pellet is disposed on a heat transfer element.
• each tablet is in contact by its lower face and its upper face with a heat transfer element increasing the heat exchange and ensuring homogeneous heat exchange in each pellet.
• plates of porous material are disposed in the porous material perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, improving the diffusion of hydrogen. Indeed, the pellets are dense with little porosity.
• the porous plates provide distribution of hydrogen all over the wafer to minimize the diffusion length of hydrogen in the wafer.
• FIG. 2D shows a preferred embodiment of the invention in which the heat transfer elements 8 also form support elements for the powder storage material M. Elements are arranged at the zones between the tongues and possibly at the holes 14 and the passage 16 if they are provided, so as to let the hydrogen and retain the powdered storage material, avoiding an accumulation thereof in the tank bottom. A free volume V is provided between the top of the powder and the bottom of the transfer element higher temperature in order to allow free swelling of the storage material in charge phase and avoid interaction between the powder and the upper heat exchange element. In this example, the elements 8 are held in place in the ferrule by friction.
• spacers 17 are advantageously provided between the heat transfer elements 8 to ensure good positioning with respect to each other over time. Indeed, for example following a shock or a fall of the tank, it could be that one or more elements 8 slide upwards along the shell.
• the spacers are for example formed by columns, for example fixed to the bottom of the elements 8. Alternatively, the columns may be carried by a single crown as shown schematically in Figure 2E.
• FIGS. 4A to 4C show an example of a practical embodiment of a storage tank according to the invention, comprising a plurality of heat transfer elements 8 each delimiting a stage.
• Each stage comprises a container 20 resting on a heat transfer element 8.
• the container is such that the hydride forms a thin bed, i.e. offering a low slenderness.
• the containers are such that they are not in mechanical contact with the ferrule.
• each container 20 has a container structure 28 delimiting in the container sub-compartments improving the heat transfer in the thickness of the hydride bed, and preventing the hydride bed n has lateral flow in the event that the tank is tilted during handling.
• the sub-compartments are of square or rectangular shape but one could predict that they are for example honeycomb.
• notches 29 are made in the free edges of the bins to facilitate the passage hydrogen. These notches are not shown in Figure 4A for clarity.
• the reservoir comprises a thermal management system comprising a pipe 30 wound on the outer surface of the shell 4 and wherein is intended to circulate a coolant providing or removing heat depending on the phase of the cycle. According to an advantageous variant, it is intended to bathe the ferrule 4 in a heat-transfer liquid bath.
• the bottom of the container is formed directly by the heat transfer element further improving the transfers between the powder and the heat transfer element.
• the reservoir may have the following characteristics:
• the heat transfer elements are made of copper and have a thickness of 2 mm;
• the heat transfer elements have a height of 10 mm
• the hydride bed has a thickness of 20 mm
• the inserted structure has a pitch greater than 20 mm.
• the heat transfer elements are made by cutting in a sheet of eg copper or aluminum.
• the tabs are cut.
• this step can be performed simultaneously with the first step.
• material may be removed to avoid overlapping of the tabs when folded.
• the tabs 12 are folded so that they are slightly inclined outwards and define an outer radius greater than that of the central portion 10.
• the heat transfer elements comprise holes, these are made for example by means of a punch, several in the case where the holes are of different section.
• the holes are preferably made before folding the tongues.
• the through hole 16 is flanked by tabs 18, they can be made in the manner described for the tabs 12. The material removal is not used for the tabs 18.
• the realization of the tank is the following.
• a first heat transfer element 8 is inserted into force in the shell 4, the tabs 12 upwards.
• the tabs 12 fold radially inward mainly elastically.
• the heat transfer element 8 is moved longitudinally in the ferrule until it reaches the desired position.
• the heat transfer element 8 is held in position in the shell 4 and the tongues 12 are in contact with the inner surface of the shell 4.
• the storage material M is then put in place, in the form of powder, cake or lozenge.
• a container 20 may be provided to contain the powder.
• the internal structure of the reservoir comprising the material M is produced and the assembly is then introduced into the shell.
• a second heat transfer element 8 is forcefully introduced into the ferrule 4 and is displaced until it reaches the desired position, for example in contact with the chip previously put in place.
• the above steps are repeated as many times as necessary.
• the tank is then closed and the connections to the supply and collection circuit of the hydrogen and the thermal management system are realized.
• conduits extend longitudinally in the shell, they are put in place before the introduction of the heat transfer elements.
• the heat transfer elements have passage holes. The heat transfer elements, when mounted in the ferrule, are traversed by the conduits.
• the thermal management system may for example be formed by a tube wound around the tank, in which a coolant circulates, this coolant ensures by heat exchange with the shell the extraction of heat or the heat input.
• the thermal management system is formed by a coolant bath in which is disposed the reservoir, or a jacket that surrounds the reservoir.
• hydrogen feeds the reservoir.
• the hydrogen is either fed through a porous conduit which passes through the various compartments, or circulates between the ferrule 4 and the heat transfer elements 8 between the tongues 12 and / or through the holes 14 made in the heat transfer elements 8.
• the present invention also offers the advantage of adapting to defects in circularity and diameter of the ferrule. Indeed, the tubes made in boilermaking, and for which the cost remains economically interesting, are generally not very geometric precision.
• the elastic deformation provided by the tongues makes it possible to maintain thermal contact for a certain lack of circularity and diameter of the ferrule.
• the characteristics of the tank may vary according to the applications according to the specifications of the application, in particular with regard to the loading and unloading speeds of the tank.
• FIGS. 3A to 3C show another embodiment of a heat transfer element 108 comprising a central orifice 23 and first radial cutouts 24 extending from the central orifice over part of the radius of the zone.
• central 110 and second radial cutouts 26 extending from the radially outer edge to the central orifice 23 and extending over a portion of the radius.
• the cuts extend substantially radially.
• the first and second cutouts 24, 26 are distributed angularly in a regular manner around the central orifice.
• the second radial cuts are made between the tabs.
• a second radial cut is disposed between two first radial cuts.
• the angle between two cuts 24 or two cuts 26 is between 5 ° and 70 °.
• the cuts are rectilinear. They may have another form.
• the central hole has a polygonal shape. Alternatively the hole could be round.
• tabs on the contour of the central hole may be provided. These are then oriented in the opposite direction to the outer fins, downwards in the example shown, so that the inner and outer tabs deviate at the same time.
• the heat transfer element thus produced has greater flexibility. It is then possible to vary the outer diameter of the heat transfer element while benefiting from an increased elastic deformation range. The amplitude of this variation is substantially greater than that which can be obtained with the heat transfer element of FIGS. 1A to 1C.
• An advantageous method of mounting this type of heat transfer element is to install them using their increased elasticity to fill the mounting clearance between the fins and the ferrule.
• the standard assembly thus forces the type elements 108 to adopt a conical configuration, as shown in the upper part of Figure 3C.
• the amplitude of elastic deformation is then increased relative to elements of type 8.
• This amplitude is materialized by the large diameter difference between the configuration of the element 108 (FIG 3C in the upper part), and the configuration at rest in flattened form (Fig. 3C in lower part).
• the element 108 is flattened between two pellets, this causes the increase in the outer diameter of the element 108 which causes the contact of the tongues with the wall of the ferrule.
• the contact thus benefits from a larger reserve of elastic deformation than the case of the elements 8.
• This type of installation makes it possible to have only a slight contact with the assembly (when inserted into the shell), the assembly is then facilitated because there is less friction tabs on the walls.
• heat transfer element thus makes it possible to adapt to variations in the diameter of the ferrule.
• the representation of the ferrule is schematic and only by way of illustration.
• heat transfer elements of FIGS. 3A to 3C made of aluminum with a thickness of 2 mm and an outside diameter of 300 mm can be adapted to a ferrule with an internal diameter of between 299 mm and 301 mm.
• This exemplary embodiment has the advantage of being able to adapt to geometrical defects by having a larger reserve of elastic deformation.
• the cuts in fact introduce a greater circumferential elastic deformability.
• the holes provision can be made in the cutouts, preferably above the holes means to prevent the beam from falling into the lower compartment, for example this means is a grid, tissue, poral.
• cuts can also be used for the passage of hydrogen, the distribution of the cuts advantageously provide a distribution and a uniform collection of hydrogen.
• the central hole can be used for the passage of a coolant pipe or for supply / collection of hydrogen.
• the device according to the present invention can be used to transport hydrogen, for on-board hydrogen storage for fuel cells or heat engine, for the stationary storage of hydrogen.
• the device can therefore be used as an onboard tank for means of transport, such as boats, submarines, cars, buses, trucks, construction equipment, two wheels, for example to supply a fuel cell or a heat engine.
• means of transport such as boats, submarines, cars, buses, trucks, construction equipment, two wheels, for example to supply a fuel cell or a heat engine.
• energy transportable power supplies such as batteries for portable electronic devices such as mobile phones, laptops, ....
• the device according to the present invention can also be used as a stationary storage system of energy in larger quantities, such as generators, for storing hydrogen produced in large quantities by electrolysis with electricity from wind turbines. , photovoltaic panels, geothermal, .... It is also possible to store any other source of hydrogen from, for example, reforming hydrocarbons or other processes for obtaining hydrogen (photo-catalysis, biological, geological, etc.).

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
• Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
• Fuel Cell (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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• 2013
  • 2013-12-17 FR FR1362782A patent/FR3014998B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2014
  • 2014-12-16 JP JP2016559681A patent/JP2017503135A/ja active Pending
  • 2014-12-16 US US15/105,399 patent/US20160327209A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2014-12-16 WO PCT/EP2014/078064 patent/WO2015091550A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2014-12-16 EP EP14812543.8A patent/EP3084287A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2014-12-16 CA CA2934404A patent/CA2934404A1/fr not_active Abandoned

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