WO2018103304A1 - 一种煤体电脉冲致裂增渗系统及方法 - Google Patents

一种煤体电脉冲致裂增渗系统及方法 Download PDF

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WO2018103304A1
WO2018103304A1 PCT/CN2017/089965 CN2017089965W WO2018103304A1 WO 2018103304 A1 WO2018103304 A1 WO 2018103304A1 CN 2017089965 W CN2017089965 W CN 2017089965W WO 2018103304 A1 WO2018103304 A1 WO 2018103304A1
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voltage
coal sample
electrode
needle
cubic
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French (fr)
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林柏泉
张祥良
闫发志
王一涵
孔佳
杨凯
郭畅
卢细苗
朱传杰
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
    • E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures

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  • the invention relates to a system and a method for cracking and osmosis, in particular to a coal body electric pulse cracking and osmosis experimental system and method for puncturing a coal sample by using a high voltage electric pulse discharge technique.
  • mining liberation layer will There are a lot of clips and it is not suitable for single coal seam mining; the direction of hydraulic fracturing is difficult to control and will waste a lot of water resources; dense drilling technology is prone to string drilling, and the increase in the number of holes will be extremely large. Increase the cost of coal mining; deep hole blasting technology is difficult to transport explosives to pre-set locations in soft coal seams.
  • coal seam anti-reflection technology it is especially important to develop a more simple and effective coal seam anti-filtration method to solve the problem of gas drainage in low permeability coal seams.
  • the liquid-electric effect means that the solid material and the electrode are immersed in the liquid, and the electrode is in a non-contact state with the solid material.
  • the high-voltage electricity first breaks down the liquid dielectric, thereby generating a powerful shock wave, and the shock wave acts on the solid material to break the solid material.
  • the liquid-electric effect utilizes the pressure generated by the shock wave to break up the solid material.
  • Electro-crushing means that high-voltage electricity directly acts on the surface of a solid material, so that a large amount of plasma is formed inside the solid material. As the plasma aggregates, the plasma channel expands rapidly, thereby generating a large tensile stress, forcing the solid material to be broken.
  • the invention directly loads the high-voltage electric pulse to both ends of the coal sample, and a large amount of plasma is generated during the discharge process, and the plasma carries a huge energy and accumulates in an instant to form a plasma channel, and the accumulated plasma is in the form of a stress wave.
  • the coal sample works to force the coal sample to rupture.
  • the invention directly loads the high-voltage electric pulse to both ends of the coal sample and crushes the coal sample, thereby more effectively improving the energy utilization rate, and at the same time dredging the passage of the gas migration, thereby realizing the improvement of the gas permeability of the low-breathing and high-adsorption coal seam.
  • the purpose of the rate is to load the high-voltage electric pulse to both ends of the coal sample and crushes the coal sample, thereby more effectively improving the energy utilization rate, and at the same time dredging the passage of the gas migration, thereby realizing the improvement of the gas permeability of the low-breathing and high-adsorption coal seam.
  • the object of the present invention is to solve the deficiencies in the existing low permeability coal seam gas drainage technology, and to provide an experimental system and method for electromagnetic pulse cracking and osmosis of coal bodies, which utilizes the process of instantaneous high voltage discharge and medium ion carrying.
  • the enormous energy is used to work on the coal sample in the form of stress waves, thereby unblocking the primary fractures in the coal seam or creating new fracture channels to promote gas drainage.
  • the coal body electric pulse cracking and seepage infiltration experimental system comprises: high voltage charging power source, high voltage energy storage capacitor, discharge switch, voltage divider, high voltage breakdown generator, current detector, oscilloscope, discharge switch control a computer, a three-axis loading device, a charge bleed device and a hydraulic control system; an output of the high-voltage charging power source is connected to a positive pole of the high-voltage energy storage capacitor, and an output end of the high-voltage energy storage capacitor and an input end of the discharge switch Connected, the output end of the discharge switch is connected to the input end of the voltage divider, the output end of the voltage divider is connected to the input end of the high voltage breakdown generator, and the output end of the high voltage breakdown generator is The input end of the current detector is connected and connected to the hydraulic control system through a hydraulic line; the output end of the current detector is connected to the negative pole of the high voltage storage capacitor; the output end of the discharge switch is controlled by the discharge switch The input ends of the stages are connected; the output terminals of the voltage
  • the high-voltage breakdown generator comprises a box body with a cubic coal sample in the middle, and the electrode sleeve shoulders of the electrode sleeve and the fixed electrode sleeve are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the box body, and the symmetrically arranged
  • the electrode sleeves are respectively provided with "needle-needle" positive and negative electrodes for opposite sides of the cubic coal sample, and the electrode sleeves are respectively provided with a positive electrode pressure plate and a negative electrode pressure plate at one end of the cubic coal sample, Hydraulic cylinders are respectively arranged on the front and rear four sides of the box body, and the piston rods of the four hydraulic cylinders are respectively provided with pressure plates on the upper and lower sides of the cubic coal sample.
  • the high-voltage breakdown generator comprises a box body with a cubic coal sample in the middle, and the electrode sleeve shoulders of the electrode sleeve and the fixed electrode sleeve are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the box body, and the symmetrically arranged
  • the electrode sleeves are respectively provided with "needle-plate" positive and negative electrodes for opposite sides of the cubic coal sample, and one end of the electrode sleeve opposite to the cubic coal sample is respectively provided with a positive electrode pressure plate and a negative electrode pressure plate
  • the hydraulic control rods are respectively arranged on the front, the bottom, the upper and lower sides of the box body, and the four hydraulic control rods are respectively provided with pressure plates on the upper and lower sides of the cubic coal sample; the four hydraulic control rods are hydraulically connected and hydraulically The control system is connected.
  • the "needle-needle" positive and negative electrodes include a needle-shaped positive electrode that touches the left end surface of the cubic coal sample through the positive electrode pressure plate and a needle-shaped negative electrode that touches the right end surface of the cubic coal sample through the negative electrode pressure plate. Composition.
  • the "needle-plate” positive and negative electrodes are composed of a needle-shaped positive electrode that touches the left end surface of the cubic coal sample through the positive electrode pressure plate and a plate-shaped negative electrode that is attached to the right end surface of the cubic coal sample.
  • the output voltage range of the high voltage charging power source is 0-300 kV.
  • the coal body electric pulse cracking and infiltration experimental method using the above system includes the following steps:
  • the present invention breaks down a coal sample by directly loading high-voltage electricity on both ends of a coal sample to form a new crack or conduct a primary crack, thereby promoting the development of coal seam cracks, achieving coal seam anti-reflection, and improving low gas permeability.
  • the high-pressure breakdown generator can be used to apply pressure in the triaxial direction of the coal sample through the hydraulic control system, and the coal seam cracking can be realized by the high-voltage pulse discharge, which can better clear the passage in the gas seepage process, and improve the low gas permeability and high adsorption.
  • the extraction rate of coal seam gas is of great significance. It can solve the problem of gas drainage in low permeability coal seams.
  • the process of instantaneous high pressure discharge uses the huge energy carried by the ions to work on the coal sample in the form of stress waves, thereby unblocking the primary fractures in the coal seam or creating new fracture channels. To promote the extraction of gas.
  • the utility model has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation and good effect, and has wide practicality in the technical field.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a needle-needle electrode high voltage breakdown generator of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line I-I of Fig. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of a needle-plate electrode high voltage breakdown generator of the present invention.
  • 1-high voltage charging power supply 2-high voltage storage capacitor, 3-discharge switch, 4-voltage divider, 5-high voltage breakdown generator, 6-current detector, 7-oscilloscope, 8-discharge switch control Table, 9-computer, 10-three-axis loading device, 11-charge relief device, 12-hydraulic control system, 13-box, 14-pressure plate, 15-needle positive electrode, 16-needle negative electrode ,17-electrode bushing,18-electrode bushing shoulder,19-hydraulic cylinder,20-plate negative electrode,21-cube coal sample,22-hydraulic line,23-positive electrode pressure plate,24-negative Electrode pressure plate.
  • Embodiment 1 the coal body electric pulse cracking and seepage infiltration experimental system of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, the system comprises: a high voltage charging power source 1, a high voltage energy storage capacitor 2, a discharge switch 3, a voltage divider 4, and a high voltage a generator 5, a current detector 6, an oscilloscope 7, a discharge switch console 8, a computer 9, a triaxial loading device 10, a charge bleed device 11 and a hydraulic control system 12; an output of the high voltage charging power source 1 and a high voltage An anode of the storage capacitor 2 is connected, an output of the high-voltage storage capacitor 2 is connected to an input of the discharge switch 3, and an output of the discharge switch 3 is connected to an input of the voltage divider 4, the partial pressure
  • the output of the device 4 is connected to the input of the high voltage breakdown generator 5, the output of which is connected to the input of the current detector 6, and through the hydraulic line 22 and the hydraulic control system 12-phase connection; the output end of the current detector 6 is connected to the negative pole of the high-voltage storage capacitor
  • the high-voltage breakdown generator 5 includes a casing 13 having a cubic coal sample 21 in the middle thereof.
  • the left and right surfaces of the casing 13 are symmetrically provided with an electrode sleeve 17 and a fixed electrode sleeve.
  • the electrode sleeve shoulders 18 of the tube 17 are respectively provided with "needle-needle" positive and negative electrodes for the opposite sides of the cubic coal sample 21, and the electrode sleeve 17 is opposite to the cubic coal sample.
  • a positive electrode pressing plate 23 and a negative electrode pressing plate 24 are respectively disposed at one end of the 21, and hydraulic cylinders 19 are respectively disposed on the front, rear, upper and lower sides of the casing 13, and the piston rods of the four hydraulic cylinders 19 are respectively disposed.
  • the "needle-needle" positive and negative electrodes include a needle-shaped positive electrode 15 that touches the left end surface of the cubic coal sample 21 through the positive electrode pressure plate 23 and a right end surface of the cubic coal sample 21 through the negative electrode pressure plate 24.
  • the needle-shaped negative electrode 16 is formed.
  • the needle-shaped positive electrode 15 and the needle-shaped negative electrode 16 are composed of a solid copper cylinder having a diameter of 1 cm and a length of 25 cm, and the discharge ends of the needle-shaped positive electrode 15 and the needle-shaped negative electrode 16 have a height of 2.5 cm and a bottom surface diameter of 1 cm.
  • the outer surfaces of the conical, needle-shaped positive electrode 15 and the needle-shaped negative electrode 16 are threaded, the electrode sleeve 17 is cylindrical, the center of the electrode sleeve 17 has an internally threaded hole, the needle-shaped positive electrode 15 and the needle-shaped negative electrode 16 is connected to the electrode sleeve 17 by a thread, the outer surface of the electrode sleeve 17 is also threaded, and a circular hole is formed in the center of the C face and the D face of the case 13, and an electrode sleeve shoulder is provided on the inner side and the outer side of the case 13 18, the two electrode sleeve shoulders are fixed by the threaded sleeve 17; the input end of the needle positive electrode 15 is connected to the output end of the voltage divider 4, the output end of the needle negative electrode 16 and the current detector The input end of 6 is connected; the cubic coal sample 21 is fixed by the positive electrode pressing plate 23, the negative electrode pressing plate 24, and the four pressing plates 14.
  • the positive electrode pressing plate 23 and the negative electrode pressing plate 24 have through holes at the center, the needle-shaped positive electrode 15 passes through the positive electrode pressing plate 24, and the needle-shaped negative electrode 16 passes through the negative electrode pressing plate 24 to discharge
  • the end is next to the cubic coal sample 21;
  • the positive electrode pressing plate 23, the negative electrode pressing plate 24 and the pressing plate 14 are controlled by a hydraulic cylinder 19, the hydraulic cylinder 19 is connected to the hydraulic line 22, and the hydraulic line 22 is hydraulically Control system 12 controls.
  • the high-voltage breakdown generator 5 includes a box body 13 having a cubic coal sample 21 in the middle, and the left and right sides of the box body 13 are symmetrically provided with an electrode sleeve 17 and fixed.
  • the electrode sleeve shoulders 18 of the electrode sleeve 17 are respectively provided with "needle-plate” positive and negative electrodes for the opposite sides of the cubic coal sample 21, and the electrode sleeve 17 is opposite to the cube.
  • One end of the coal sample 21 is respectively provided with a positive electrode pressing plate 23 and a negative electrode pressing plate 24.
  • the front and rear four upper faces of the casing 13 are respectively provided with hydraulic cylinders 19, and four hydraulic cylinders 19 are respectively provided.
  • the pressure plate 14 of the upper and lower sides of the cubic coal sample 21 is connected to the upper and lower sides; the four hydraulic cylinders 19 are connected to the hydraulic control system 12 via the hydraulic line 22.
  • the "needle-plate" positive and negative electrodes are composed of a needle-shaped positive electrode 15 that touches the left end surface of the cubic coal sample 21 through the positive electrode pressing plate 23 and a plate-shaped negative electrode 20 that is attached to the right end surface of the cubic coal sample 21. .
  • the needle-shaped positive electrode 15 is composed of a solid copper cylinder having a diameter of 1 cm and a length of 25 cm, and the discharge end of the needle-shaped positive electrode 15 is a conical shape having a height of 2.5 cm and a bottom surface diameter of 1 cm; the plate-shaped negative electrode 20 is It is composed of a square copper plate having a side length of 10 cm and a thickness of 0.5 cm.
  • the outer surface of the needle-shaped positive electrode 15 is threaded, the electrode sleeve 17 is cylindrical, the center of the electrode sleeve 17 has an internally threaded hole, and the needle-shaped positive electrode 15 is connected to the electrode sleeve 17 by a screw.
  • the outer surface of the electrode sleeve 17 is also threaded, and the center of the C-face and the D-face of the casing 13 has a circular hole.
  • the inner side and the outer side of the casing 13 each have an electrode sleeve shoulder 18, and the two electrode sleeves pass through the shoulder.
  • the screw sleeve fixes the electrode sleeve 17; the input end of the needle-shaped positive electrode 15 is connected to the output end of the voltage divider 4, and the output end of the plate-shaped negative electrode 16 is connected to the input end of the current detector 6; the cubic coal sample 21
  • the positive electrode pressing plate 23, the negative electrode pressing plate 24, and the four pressing plates 14 are fixed.

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Abstract

公开了一种煤体电脉冲致裂增渗系统及方法，适用于提高低渗透、高吸附煤层的瓦斯抽采率。该系统包括高压充电电源（1）、高压储能电容器（2）、放电开关（3）、高压击穿发生器（5）。所述的高压充电电源（1）将220V的交流电整流、升压至0-300kV范围内的可调电压；所述的高压储能电容器（2）可将高压电储存起来；所述的放电开关（3）可实现瞬间释放高压储能电容器储存的高压电；所述的高压击穿发生器（5）通过液压控制系统能够在煤样的三轴方向施加压力。该系统利用高压脉冲放电技术实现煤层致裂，能够较好的疏通瓦斯渗流过程中的通道，能够提高低透气、高吸附煤层瓦斯的抽采率。

Description

一种煤体电脉冲致裂增渗系统及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种致裂增渗的系统及方法，尤其是一种利用高压电脉冲放电技术击穿煤样的煤体电脉冲致裂增渗实验系统及方法。
背景技术
近年来，随着我国煤矿进入了深部开采阶段，我国大多数矿井以低透气性煤层开采为主，这些矿井开采的过程中都面临着瓦斯抽采困难的问题，而解决这一问题的关键就在于提高煤层的透气性。传统的提高瓦斯抽采效果主要有两种方法：一是促进瓦斯的解吸，二是疏通瓦斯渗流的通道。而当前主要采用的提高瓦斯抽采的办法是疏通瓦斯渗流通道，即通过采用一系列致裂技术从而在煤层内部形成裂隙网络，为瓦斯在煤层中的运移提供路径。根据传统的煤层致裂增透方法：开采解放层、水力压裂、密集钻孔以及深孔爆破技术等也取得了一定的效果，但是这些方法的本身也存在一些缺陷，例如：开采解放层会有很多的夹矸且不适应于单一煤层开采；水力压裂的方向难以控制而且会浪费大量的水资源；密集钻孔技术很容易出现串钻的现象，而且钻孔数目的增加会极大的增加采煤的成本；深孔爆破技术在松软煤层很难将炸药输送到预设地点。基于现有煤层增透技术的缺陷，开发一种更加简单有效的煤层增透方法以解决低透气性煤层瓦斯抽采困难的问题尤为重要。
自20世纪70年代美国等国家将高压电脉冲破碎技术成功应用于石油解堵以来，有些学者提出将高压脉冲放电技术应用于煤层的致裂增透。高压电脉冲放电技术破坏材料主要有两种方式：一种是液电效应，另一种是电破碎。液电效应是指将固体材料和电极浸没在液体中，电极与固体材料为非接触状态，高压电先将液体电介质击穿，从而产生强大的冲击波，冲击波作用于固体材料从而将固体材料破碎，从本质上讲液电效应利用的是冲击波产生的压力使固体材料破碎。电破碎是指高压电直接作用于固体材料表面，使得固体材料内部形成大量的等离子，随着等离子的聚集使得等离子通道急剧膨胀，从而产生很大的张应力，迫使固体材料发生破碎。
目前，大多数学者将高压脉冲放电技术应用到破碎固体的领域主要采用的是液电效应破碎的方式，然而液电效应破碎固体材料的能量利用率很低，因此研究更为直接的高压脉冲放电破碎固体的技术具有重要的意义。本发明通过将高压电脉冲直接加载到煤样两端，放电过程中会产生大量的等离子，这些等离子携带着巨大的能量并在瞬间积聚形成等离子通道，积聚后的等离子以应力波的形式对煤样做功，迫使煤样发生破裂。本发明直接将高压电脉冲加载到煤样两端并将煤样破碎，能够更加有效的提高能量利用率，同时疏通了瓦斯运移的通道，进而实现了提高低透气、高吸附煤层瓦斯抽采率的目的。
发明内容
技术问题：本发明的目的是为了解决现有低透气性煤层瓦斯抽采技术中的不足，提供一种煤体电脉冲致裂增渗的实验系统及方法，利用瞬时高压放电的过程中等离子携带的巨大的能量以应力波的形式对煤样进行做功，从而疏通煤层中的原生裂隙或产生新的裂隙通道以促进瓦斯的抽采。
技术方案：本发明的煤体电脉冲致裂增渗实验系统，包括：高压充电电源、高压储能电容器、放电开关、分压器、高压击穿发生器、电流探测器、示波器、放电开关控制台、电脑、三轴加载装置、电荷泄放装置和液压控制系统；所述高压充电电源的输出端与高压储能电容器的正极连接，所述高压储能电容器的输出端与放电开关的输入端相连接，所述放电开关的输出端与分压器的输入端连接，所述分压器的输出端与高压击穿发生器的输入端相连接，所述高压击穿发生器的输出端与电流探测器的输入端相连接，并通过液压管路与液压控制系统相连接；所述电流探测器的输出端与高压储能电容器的负极相连接；所述放电开关的输出端与放电开关控制台的输入端相连接；所述分压器和电流探测器的输出端分别与示波器的输入端相连接，所述示波器的输出端与电脑的输入端通过数据线相连接；所述示波器的输出端与电脑的输入端通过数据线相连接；高压储能电容器与电荷泄放装置相连接。
所述的高压击穿发生器包括中部装有立方体煤样的箱体，箱体的左右两个面上对称设有电极套管和固定电极套管的电极套管轴肩，所述对称设置的电极套管内分别设有针对立方体煤样相对两个面的“针-针”正负电极，电极套管相对立方体煤样的一端分别设有正电极加压板、负电极加压板，所述箱体的前后上下四个面上分别设有液压缸，四个液压缸的活塞杆上分别设有相对立方体煤样前后上下四个面的加压板。
所述的高压击穿发生器包括中部装有立方体煤样的箱体，箱体的左右两个面上对称设有电极套管和固定电极套管的电极套管轴肩，所述对称设置的电极套管内分别设有针对立方体煤样相对两个面的“针-板”正负电极，电极套管相对立方体煤样的一端分别设有正电极加压板、负电极加压板，所述箱体的前后上下四个面上分别设有液压控制杆，四个液压控制杆上分别设有相对立方体煤样前后上下四个面的加压板；四个液压控制杆经液压管路与液压控制系统相连。
所述的“针-针”正负电极包括由穿过正电极加压板触及立方体煤样左端面的针状正电极和穿过负电极加压板触及立方体煤样右端面的针状负电极构成。
所述“针-板”正负电极由穿过正电极加压板触及立方体煤样左端面的针状正电极和贴合在立方体煤样右端面上的板状负电极构成。
所述的高压充电电源的输出电压范围是0-300kV。
使用上述系统的煤体电脉冲致裂增渗实验方法，包括如下步骤：
a、打开高压击穿发生器中箱体的箱盖，利用液压控制系统预设压力，通过正电极加压板、负电极加压板和4个加压板将立方体煤样固定住；
b、旋转电极套管的轴肩使放电电极紧挨着立方体煤样；
c、盖上箱体的盖子，用螺丝将箱体的盖子固定；
d、打开高压充电电源向高压储能电容器内充电，当电压达到预设值时停止充电，关闭高压充电电源以避免放电时损坏高压充电电源；
e、触发放电开关控制台上的放电按钮，将高压储能电容器中预设的电压直接加载到立方体煤样的两端，将煤样击穿；在放电的同时，通过分压器和电流探测器测量放电瞬间煤样的电压和电流的信号，并通过电脑记录下来；
f、通过电荷泄放装置将高压储能电容器中剩余的电压卸载掉；
g、打开箱体的箱盖，将被击穿的煤样取出，完成实验。
有益效果：本发明通过将高压电直接加载在煤样两端的方法将煤样击穿，形成新的裂隙或将原生裂隙导通，从而促进煤层裂隙发育，实现煤层增透，提高低透气、高吸附煤层瓦斯的抽采率；通过将高压电直接加载在煤样两端，可以有效的克服传统的利用液电效应破碎过程中的能量损失；可以掌握电脉冲致裂增渗的机理，对研究高压电脉冲增透技术的影响因素以及高压电脉冲增透技术在井下的应用有着重要作用。利用高压击穿发生器并通过液压控制系统能够在煤样的三轴方向施加压力，用高压脉冲放电实现煤层致裂，能够较好的疏通瓦斯渗流过程中的通道，对于提高低透气、高吸附煤层瓦斯的抽采率有着重要意义。能够解决低透气性煤层瓦斯抽采困难的问题，利用瞬时高压放电的过程中等离子携带的巨大的能量以应力波的形式对煤样进行做功，从而疏通煤层中的原生裂隙或产生新的裂隙通道以促进瓦斯的抽采。其结构简单，操作方便，效果好，在本技术领域内具有广泛的实用性。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
图2为本发明的针-针电极高压击穿发生器结构示意图。
图3为图2的I-I剖视图。
图4为本发明的针-板电极高压击穿发生器结构示意图。
图中：1-高压充电电源，2-高压储能电容器，3-放电开关，4-分压器，5-高压击穿发生器，6-电流探测器，7-示波器，8-放电开关控制台，9-电脑，10-三轴加载装置，11-电荷泄放装置，12-液压控制系统，13-箱体，14-加压板，15-针状正电极，16-针状负电极，17-电极套管，18-电极套管轴肩，19-液压缸，20-板状负电极，21-立方体煤样，22-液压管路，23-正电极加压板，24-负电极加压板。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的实施例作进一步的描述：
实施例1、本发明的煤体电脉冲致裂增渗实验系统，如图1所示，该系统包括：高压充电电源1、高压储能电容器2、放电开关3、分压器4、高压击穿发生器5、电流探测器6、示波器7、放电开关控制台8、电脑9、三轴加载装置10、电荷泄放装置11和液压控制系统12；所述高压充电电源1的输出端与高压储能电容器2的正极连接，所述高压储能电容器2的输出端与放电开关3的输入端相连接，所述放电开关3的输出端与分压器4的输入端连接，所述分压器4的输出端与高压击穿发生器5的输入端相连接，所述高压击穿发生器5的输出端与电流探测器6的输入端相连接，并通过液压管路22与液压控制系统12相连接；所述电流探测器6的输出端与高压储能电容器2的负极相连接；所述放电开关3的输出端与放电开关控制台8的输入端相连接；所述分压器4和电流探测器6的输出端分别与示波器7的输入端相连接，所述示波器7的输出端与电脑9的输入端通过数据线相连接；所述示波器7的输出端与电脑9的输入端通过数据线相连接；高压储能电容器2与电荷泄放装置11相连接。所述的高压充电电源1的输出电压范围是0-300kV。
如图2图3所示，所述的高压击穿发生器5包括中部装有立方体煤样21的箱体13，箱体13的左右两个面上对称设有电极套管17和固定电极套管17的电极套管轴肩18，所述对称设置的电极套管17内分别设有针对立方体煤样21相对两个面的“针-针”正负电极，电极套管17相对立方体煤样21的一端分别设有正电极加压板23、负电极加压板24，所述箱体13的前后上下四个面上分别设有液压缸19，四个液压缸19的活塞杆上分别设有相对立方体煤样21前后上下四个面的加压板14。所述的“针-针”正负电极包括由穿过正电极加压板23触及立方体煤样21左端面的针状正电极15和穿过负电极加压板24触及立方体煤样21右端面的针状负电极16构成。针状正电极15和针状负电极16由直径为1cm、长度为25cm的实心铜圆柱构成，针状正电极15和针状负电极16的放电端是高度为2.5cm、底面直径为1cm的圆锥形，针状正电极15和针状负电极16的外表面有螺纹，电极套管17是圆柱形的，电极套管17的中心有内螺纹孔，针状正电极15和针状负电极16通过螺纹与电极套管17连接，电极套管17的外表面也有螺纹，箱体13的C面和D面中心各有一个圆孔，箱体13内侧和外侧各有一个电极套管轴肩18，两个电极套管轴肩通过螺纹将电极套管17固定住；针状正电极15的输入端与分压器4的输出端相连接，针状负电极16的输出端与电流探测器6的输入端连接；立方体煤样21通过正电极加压板23、负电极加压板24和4个加压板14固定。
所述的正电极加压板23和负电极加压板24中心有通孔，针状正电极15穿过正电极加压板24，针状负电极16穿过负电极加压板24，放电端紧挨着立方体煤样21；正电极加压板23、负电极加压板24和加压板14由液压缸19控制，液压缸19与液压管路22相连接，液压管路22由液压控制系统12控制。
实施例2、本发明的煤体电脉冲致裂增渗实验系统与实施例1基相同，相同处略。不同之处，如图4所示，所述的高压击穿发生器5包括中部装有立方体煤样21的箱体13，箱体13的左右两个面上对称设有电极套管17和固定电极套管17的电极套管轴肩18，所述对称设置的电极套管17内分别设有针对立方体煤样21相对两个面的“针-板”正负电极，电极套管17相对立方体煤样21的一端分别设有正电极加压板23、负电极加压板24，所述箱体13的前后上下四个面上分别设有液压缸19，四个液压缸19上分别设有相对立方体煤样21前后上下四个面的加压板14；四个液压缸19经液压管路22与液压控制系统12相连。所述“针-板”正负电极由穿过正电极加压板23触及立方体煤样21左端面的针状正电极15和贴合在立方体煤样21右端面上的板状负电极20构成。所述的针状正电极15由直径为1cm、长度为25cm的实心铜圆柱构成，针状正电极15的放电端是高度为2.5cm、底面直径为1cm的圆锥形；板状负电极20是边长为10cm、厚度为0.5cm的方形铜板构成。针状正电极15的外表面有螺纹，电极套管17是圆柱形的，电极套管17的中心有内螺纹孔，针状正电极15通过螺纹与电极套管17连接。电极套管17的外表面也有螺纹，箱体13的C面和D面中心各有一个圆孔，箱体13内侧和外侧各有一个电极套管轴肩18，两个电极套管轴肩通过螺纹将电极套管17固定住；针状正电极15的输入端与分压器4的输出端相连接，板状负电极16的输出端与电流探测器6的输入端连接；立方体煤样21通过正电极加压板23、负电极加压板24和4个加压板14固定。
本发明的煤体电脉冲致裂增渗实验方法，具体步骤如下：
a、打开高压击穿发生器5中箱体13的箱盖，利用液压控制系统12预设压力，通过正电极加压板23、负电极加压板24和4个加压板14将立方体煤样21固定住；
b、旋转电极套管17的轴肩使放电电极紧挨着立方体煤样21；
c、盖上箱体13的盖子，用螺丝将箱体的盖子固定；
d、打开高压充电电源1向高压储能电容器2内充电，当电压达到预设值时停止充电，关闭高压充电电源1以避免放电时损坏高压充电电源1；
e、触发放电开关控制台上的放电按钮，将高压储能电容器2中预设的电压直接加载到立方体煤样21的两端，将煤样击穿；在放电的同时，通过分压器4和电流探测器6测量放电瞬间煤样的电压和电流的信号，并通过电脑9记录下来；
f、通过电荷泄放装置11将高压储能电容器2中剩余的电压卸载掉；
g、打开箱体13的箱盖，将被击穿的煤样取出，实验完成。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种煤体电脉冲致裂增渗系统，其特征在于：该系统包括：高压充电电源(1)、高压储能电容器(2)、放电开关(3)、分压器(4)、高压击穿发生器(5)、电流探测器(6)、示波器(7)、放电开关控制台(8)、电脑(9)、三轴加载装置(10)、电荷泄放装置(11)和液压控制系统(12)；所述高压充电电源(1)的输出端与高压储能电容器(2)的正极连接，所述高压储能电容器(2)的输出端与放电开关(3)的输入端相连接，所述放电开关(3)的输出端与分压器(4)的输入端连接，所述分压器(4)的输出端与高压击穿发生器(5)的输入端相连接，所述高压击穿发生器(5)的输出端与电流探测器(6)的输入端相连接，并通过液压管路(22)与液压控制系统(12)相连接；所述电流探测器(6)的输出端与高压储能电容器(2)的负极相连接；所述放电开关(3)的输出端与放电开关控制台(8)的输入端相连接；所述分压器(4)和电流探测器(6)的输出端分别与示波器(7)的输入端相连接，所述示波器(7)的输出端与电脑(9)的输入端通过数据线相连接；所述示波器(7)的输出端与电脑(9)的输入端通过数据线相连接；高压储能电容器(2)与电荷泄放装置(11)相连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的煤体电脉冲致裂增渗系统，其特征在于：所述的高压击穿发生器(5)包括中部装有立方体煤样(21)的箱体(13)，箱体(13)的左右两个面上对称设有电极套管(17)和固定电极套管(17)的电极套管轴肩(18)，所述对称设置的电极套管(17)内分别设有针对立方体煤样(21)相对两个面的“针-针”正负电极，电极套管(17)相对立方体煤样(21)的一端分别设有正电极加压板(23)、负电极加压板(24)，所述箱体(13)的前后上下四个面上分别设有液压缸(19)，四个液压缸(19)的活塞杆上分别设有相对立方体煤样(21)前后上下四个面的加压板(14)。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的煤体电脉冲致裂增渗系统，其特征在于：所述的高压击穿发生器(5)包括中部装有立方体煤样(21)的箱体(13)，箱体(13)的左右两个面上对称设有电极套管(17)和固定电极套管(17)的电极套管轴肩(18)，所述对称设置的电极套管(17)内分别设有针对立方体煤样(21)相对两个面的“针-板”正负电极，电极套管(17)相对立方体煤样(21)的一端分别设有正电极加压板(23)、负电极加压板(24)，所述箱体(13)的前后上下四个面上分别设有液压缸(19)，四个液压缸(19)上分别设有相对立方体煤样(21)前后上下四个面的加压板(14)；四个液压缸(19)经液压管路(22)与液压控制系统(12)相连。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的煤体电脉冲致裂增渗系统，其特征在于：所述的“针-针”正负电极包括由穿过正电极加压板(23)触及立方体煤样(21)左端面的针状正电极(15)和穿过负电极加压板(24)触及立方体煤样(21)右端面的针状负电极(16)构成。
  5. 根据权利要求3述的煤体电脉冲致裂增渗实验系统，其特征在于：所述“针-板”正负 电极由穿过正电极加压板(23)触及立方体煤样(21)左端面的针状正电极(15)和贴合在立方体煤样(21)右端面上的板状负电极(20)构成。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的煤体电脉冲致裂增渗系统，其特征在于：所述的高压充电电源(1)的输出电压范围是0-300kV。
  7. 一种使用权利要求1、2、或3所述系统的煤体电脉冲致裂增渗方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：
    a、打开高压击穿发生器(5)中箱体(13)的箱盖，利用液压控制系统(12)预设压力，通过正电极加压板(23)、负电极加压板(24)和4个加压板(14)将立方体煤样(21)固定住；
    b、旋转电极套管(17)的轴肩使放电电极紧挨着立方体煤样(21)；
    c、盖上箱体(13)的盖子，用螺丝将箱体的盖子固定；
    d、打开高压充电电源(1)向高压储能电容器(2)内充电，当电压达到预设值时停止充电，关闭高压充电电源(1)以避免放电时损坏高压充电电源(1)；
    e、触发放电开关控制台上的放电按钮，将高压储能电容器(2)中预设的电压直接加载到立方体煤样(21)的两端，将煤样击穿；在放电的同时，通过分压器(4)和电流探测器(6)测量放电瞬间煤样的电压和电流的信号，并通过电脑(9)记录下来；
    f、通过电荷泄放装置(11)将高压储能电容器(2)中剩余的电压卸载掉；
    g、打开箱体(13)的箱盖，将被击穿的煤样取出，实验完成。
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