WO2018103138A1 - 一种确定温室黄瓜老叶的方法 - Google Patents

一种确定温室黄瓜老叶的方法 Download PDF

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WO2018103138A1
WO2018103138A1 PCT/CN2016/110907 CN2016110907W WO2018103138A1 WO 2018103138 A1 WO2018103138 A1 WO 2018103138A1 CN 2016110907 W CN2016110907 W CN 2016110907W WO 2018103138 A1 WO2018103138 A1 WO 2018103138A1
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leaf
target
amount
stachyose
petiole
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倪纪恒
刘勇
周靖宇
毛罕平
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Jiangsu University
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    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0098—Plants or trees

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  • the invention relates to a method for determining the old leaves of greenhouse cucumber, in particular to a method for determining the old leaves of greenhouse cucumber by the concentration of stachyose in the petiole, belonging to the technical field of facility cultivation.
  • the horticultural area of facilities in China has reached 3.3 million hectares, accounting for about 85% of the total area of facilities and horticulture in the world.
  • nutrient solution irrigation is widely used, and solar greenhouses and plastic greenhouses are increasingly being irrigated with nutrient solution.
  • Cucumber is one of the main crops cultivated in China's greenhouse. Greenhouse cucumbers need to continuously remove the lower old leaves during the growth process to reduce the consumption of photosynthetic products.
  • China's current greenhouse cultivation experience is mainly from Daejeon, because the greenhouse cultivation environment is very different from the field cultivation, it is impossible to directly graft the Datian cucumber cultivation technology to greenhouse cucumber production.
  • the method for determining the old leaves of greenhouse cucumbers in China is mainly based on experience and has great subjectivity and randomness. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find a method for determining the old leaves of cucumber in greenhouse.
  • the present invention proposes a method for determining the old leaves of cucumber in greenhouse according to the difference in the output of photosynthetic products between the old leaves and functional leaves of greenhouse cucumbers.
  • the improvement of greenhouse cucumber cultivation technology has a certain driving effect.
  • the biological significance of the transport of photosynthetic products in greenhouse cucumbers is that the photosynthetic products are synthesized in cucumber leaves, passed through the petiole in the form of stachyose, converted into sucrose in the phloem of the stem, and then transported to roots, stems, leaves, fruits and other organs.
  • the stronger the photosynthetic capacity of cucumber leaves the higher the content of stachyose in the petiole. Therefore, the establishment of a method for judging the old leaves of greenhouse cucumber based on stachyid at petiole has an important impetus to improve the technical content of cucumber cultivation in China.
  • the present invention provides a method for judging the old leaves of cucumber in the greenhouse by using the concentration of stachyose at the petiole, and establishing a relationship model between the concentration of stachyose and the reflection characteristics of the near infrared spectrum. Then, the amount of daily assimilation product is characterized by the concentration of stachyose, and then compared with the daily consumption to determine whether the leaf is aged.
  • a method for determining the old leaves of greenhouse cucumbers is carried out according to the following steps:
  • Step 1 Calculate the amount of target assimilation product of the target leaf:
  • the near-infrared spectrometer was used for scanning to obtain the spectral reflection characteristics of the solutions B1, B2, B3, B4, and B5 in the culture dish;
  • the stachyose detection model was used to calculate the concentration of stachyose in the petiole of the target blade;
  • 1-2 First determine the volume of the petiole vascular bundle, and then determine the total amount of stachyose in the vascular bundle according to the target blade stalk vascular bundle volume and stachyose concentration.
  • the total amount of stachyose is the target leaf assimilation product amount.
  • Step 2 Calculate the amount of assimilated product of the target leaf daily consumption:
  • Step 3 Determine if the target blade is an old leaf:
  • the amount of daily assimilation product is greater than the amount of daily consumption of assimilation product, then it is functional leaf; the amount of daily assimilation product is less than or equal to the amount of daily consumption of assimilation product, then the old leaf, Need to be removed.
  • step 1-1 the stachyose detection model is as shown in formula (1):
  • X1, X2, and X3 are the reflection intensities at wavelengths of 927.61 nm, 1129.52 nm, and 1316.69 nm; a0, a1, a2, and a3 are model parameters.
  • the acquisition methods of the model parameters a0, a1, a2, and a3 are:
  • stachyose 1, 2, 4, 8, 10 g were weighed separately, and then dissolved in 100 ml of purified water for the preparation of the standard curve; the near-infrared spectrometer was used to scan the stachyose solution used to prepare the standard curve to obtain the solution.
  • the detection model of stachyose is formulated to obtain a0, a1, a2, a3:
  • c is the stachyose concentration
  • X1, X2, and X3 are reflection intensities at wavelengths of 927.61 nm, 1129.52 nm, and 1316.69 nm
  • a0, a1, a2, and a3 are model parameters.
  • step 1-2 formula (2) is satisfied when determining the total amount of stachyose in the vascular bundle:
  • Y is the target leaf assimilation product quantity
  • V is the vascular bundle volume
  • c1, c2, c3, c4, c5 are The concentration of stachyose in the petiole at 8:00, 10:00, 12:00, 14:00, 16:00.
  • step 1-2 the method for determining the volume of the vascular bundle is:
  • the length and bottom area of the petiole were measured to obtain the volume of the petiole; then the cucumber petiole was scanned by micro-CT machine to obtain the cross-sectional area of the vascular bundle, and then the volume of the petiole, the cross-sectional area of the vascular bundle and the length of the petiole were established.
  • the mathematical relationship formula (3), the volume of the vascular bundle in the petiole is obtained:
  • V is the vascular bundle volume, the unit is cm 3 ;
  • Vp is the petiole volume, and the unit is cm 3 .
  • step 2-1 when calculating the weight of the target blade, formula (4) is satisfied:
  • W is the target leaf dry weight
  • the unit is g
  • L is the target leaf length
  • the unit is cm
  • 425 is the target leaf specific leaf area
  • the unit is g/cm 2
  • 0.7 is the conversion coefficient of leaf length and leaf area, no amount Outline.
  • step 2-2 when calculating the amount of assimilation product consumed by the target blade, the formula (5) is satisfied:
  • R is the amount of assimilation product consumed by the target leaf
  • T is the daily average temperature
  • the first innovative method for determining the old leaves based on the stachyose concentration in the petiole was proposed.
  • the traditional method of determining the old leaves it relies mainly on experience; and this patent is based on the characteristics that the photosynthetic products are mainly transported to the stems in the form of stachyose in the petiole, and the senescence degree of the leaves is determined by the concentration of stachyose in the petiole.
  • Quantification established the evaluation criteria of the old leaves. Breaking through the traditional old leaves determines the bottleneck of relying only on experience.
  • the first step is to calculate the amount of daily assimilation products in greenhouse cucumber leaves.
  • X1, X2, and X3 are the reflection intensities at wavelengths of 927.61 nm, 1129.52 nm, and 1316.69 nm; a0, a1, a2, and a3 are model parameters.
  • 1-2 First determine the volume of the petiole vascular bundle, and then determine the total amount of stachyose in the vascular bundle according to the target blade stalk vascular bundle volume and stachyose concentration.
  • the total amount of stachyose is the target leaf assimilation product amount. , as shown in the following formula:
  • Y is the amount of leaf assimilation product
  • V is the volume of vascular bundle
  • the method for determining the volume of vascular bundle is:
  • the length and bottom area of the petiole were measured to obtain the volume of the petiole; then the cucumber petiole was scanned by micro-CT machine to obtain the cross-sectional area of the vascular bundle, and then the volume of the petiole, the cross-sectional area of the vascular bundle and the length of the petiole were established.
  • the following mathematical relationship formula is used to obtain the volume of the vascular bundle in the petiole:
  • V is the vascular bundle volume cm 3 and Vp is the petiole volume cm 3 ;
  • Step 2 Calculation of the amount of assimilation product consumed by the blade
  • W is the target leaf dry weight (g)
  • L is the target leaf length (cm)
  • 425 is the cucumber leaf specific leaf area (g/cm 2 )
  • 0.7 is the leaf length and leaf area conversion coefficient, dimensionless.
  • R is the amount of assimilation product consumed by the blade
  • T is the daily average temperature
  • Step 3 Comparing the amount of the assimilated product of the single leaf with the amount of the assimilated product of the daily consumption, and the amount of the assimilated product is greater than the amount of the assimilated product of the daily consumption, and is a functional leaf.
  • the amount of daily assimilation product is less than or equal to the daily consumption of assimilation product, which is old leaves and needs to be removed.
  • the acquisition methods of the model parameters a0, a1, a2, and a3 are:
  • stachyose 1, 2, 4, 8, 10 g were weighed separately, and then dissolved in 100 ml of purified water for the preparation of the standard curve; the near-infrared spectrometer was used to scan the stachyose solution used to prepare the standard curve to obtain the solution.
  • the detection model of stachyose is formulated to obtain a0, a1, a2, a3:
  • c is the stachyose concentration
  • X1, X2, and X3 are reflection intensities at wavelengths of 927.61 nm, 1129.52 nm, and 1316.69 nm
  • a0, a1, a2, and a3 are model parameters.

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Abstract

一种确定温室黄瓜老叶的方法，按照下述步骤进行：步骤1、计算目标叶片日同化产物量；步骤2、计算目标叶片日消耗同化产物量；步骤3、确定目标叶片是否为老叶：将目标叶片日同化产物量与日消耗量进行比较，日同化产物量大于日消耗同化产物量，则为功能叶；日同化产物量小于或等于日消耗同化产物量，则为老叶，需去除。该方法提出了基于叶柄中水苏糖浓度的老叶确定方法，突破了传统的老叶确定仅仅依靠经验的瓶颈。

Description

一种确定温室黄瓜老叶的方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种确定温室黄瓜老叶的方法，具体为以叶柄中水苏糖的浓度来确定温室黄瓜老叶的方法，属于设施栽培技术领域。
背景技术
中国设施园艺面积已达330万公顷，约占世界设施园艺总面积的85％，在大型温室中普遍采用营养液灌溉，日光温室、塑料大棚也越来越多地采用营养液灌溉。黄瓜是中国温室栽培的主要作物之一。温室黄瓜在生长过程中需要不断的去除下部老叶以减少光合产物的消耗。但由于中国目前温室栽培经验主要来自大田，由于温室栽培环境与大田栽培有很大差别，因此不能直接将大田黄瓜栽培技术嫁接于温室黄瓜生产。目前中国确定温室黄瓜老叶的方法主要是依据经验，具有很大的主观性和随意性。因此迫切需要寻找一种能够确定温室黄瓜老叶的方法，鉴于此，本发明依据温室黄瓜老叶与功能叶在光合产物输出量的不同，提出了一种确定温室黄瓜老叶的方法，为中国温室黄瓜栽培技术含量的提高具有一定的推动作用。
温室黄瓜光合产物运输的生物学意义在于光合产物在黄瓜叶片中合成后，以水苏糖的形式通过叶柄，在茎的韧皮部中转化为蔗糖，然后输送至根、茎、叶、果等器官。一般来说，黄瓜叶片的光合能力越强，叶柄中水苏糖的含量越高。因此建立基于叶柄处水苏糖的温室黄瓜老叶的判定方法，对于提高中国设施黄瓜栽培的技术含量，具有重要的推动作用。
发明内容
本发明为克服上述现有技术中的不足，提供了一种采用叶柄处水苏糖浓度来判断温室黄瓜老叶的方法，建立了叶柄水苏糖浓度与近红外光谱反射特性之间的关系模型，然后以水苏糖浓度来表征日同化产物量，然后与日消耗量进行比较，最终确定叶片是否老化。
本发明是通过如下技术方案实现的：
一种确定温室黄瓜老叶的方法，按照下述步骤进行：
步骤1、计算目标叶片日同化产物量：
1-1、分别在8:00、10:00、12:00、14：00、16:00采用穿刺法获取温室黄瓜的目标叶柄中的汁液，记为溶液A1、A2、A3、A4、A5；从溶液A1、A2、A3、A4、A5中分别 吸取1毫升放置于25毫升的容量瓶中，依次定容为溶液B1、B2、B3、B4、B5，从溶液B1、B2、B3、B4、B5中分别吸取10毫升放置于5个培养皿中，采用近红外光谱仪进行扫描，获取培养皿中的溶液B1、B2、B3、B4、B5的光谱反射特征；采用水苏糖检测模型计算目标叶片叶柄中水苏糖的浓度；
1-2、首先确定叶柄维管束体积，再根据目标叶片叶柄维管束体积和水苏糖浓度确定维管束中的水苏糖总量，所述水苏糖总量即为目标叶片日同化产物量；
步骤2、计算目标叶片日消耗同化产物量：
2-1、采用直尺测定目标叶片的叶长，计算目标叶片的重量；
2-2、根据目标叶片的重量和日平均温度，计算目标叶片日消耗同化产物量；
步骤3、确定目标叶片是否为老叶：
将目标叶片日同化产物量与日消耗同化产物量进行比较，日同化产物量大于日消耗同化产物量，则为功能叶；日同化产物量小于或等于日消耗同化产物量，则为老叶，需去除。
步骤1-1中，所述水苏糖检测模型如公式(1)所示：
c＝a0+a1×X1+a2×X2+a3×X3    (1)，
其中，c为水苏糖浓度，X1、X2、X3依次为波长927.61nm，1129.52nm，1316.69nm下的反射强度；a0、a1、a2、a3为模型参数。
所述模型参数a0、a1、a2、a3依次取值为a0＝-72.94，a1＝-0.004、a2＝0.031、a3＝-0.0051。
所述模型参数a0、a1、a2、a3的获取方法为：
分别称取1、2、4、8、10克水苏糖，然后分别溶于100ml纯净水中，用于标准曲线的制作；采用近红外光谱仪扫描用于制作标准曲线的水苏糖溶液，获取溶液的光谱反射特征，制定水苏糖的检测模型，来得到a0、a1、a2、a3：
c＝a0+a1×X1+a2×X2+a3×X3    (1)，
其中，c为水苏糖浓度，X1、X2、X3依次为波长927.61nm、1129.52nm、1316.69nm下的反射强度；a0、a1、a2、a3为模型参数。
步骤1-2中，在确定维管束中的水苏糖总量时，满足公式(2)：
Figure PCTCN2016110907-appb-000001
其中，Y为目标叶片日同化产物量，V为维管束体积，c1、c2、c3、c4、c5依次为 8:00、10:00、12:00、14：00、16:00的叶柄中水苏糖的浓度。
步骤1-2中，所述维管束体积的确定方法为：
首先量取叶柄的长度和底面积，得到叶柄的体积；然后采用micro-CT机扫描黄瓜叶柄，获得维管束的横截面积，然后根据叶柄的体积、维管束的横截面积以及叶柄长度，建立数学关系公式(3)，得到叶柄内维管束的体积：
Figure PCTCN2016110907-appb-000002
其中，V为维管束体积，单位为cm3；Vp为叶柄体积，单位为cm3。
步骤2-1中，在计算目标叶片的重量时，满足公式(4)：
Figure PCTCN2016110907-appb-000003
其中，W为目标叶干重，单位为g；L为目标叶长，单位为cm；425为目标叶片比叶面积，单位为g/cm2；0.7为叶长与叶面积的转换系数，无量纲。
步骤2-2中，计算目标叶片日消耗同化产物量时，满足公式(5)：
Figure PCTCN2016110907-appb-000004
其中，R为目标叶片日消耗同化产物量；T为日平均温度。
有益效果：
目前中国温室黄瓜栽培中老叶的确定主要依靠经验，具有很大主观性和随意性，因此造成很多并未衰老的叶片被去除，造成温室黄瓜减产。与传统的老叶确定方法相比，本专利具有以下几方面的优势：
第一，首次创新性的提出了基于叶柄中水苏糖浓度的老叶确定方法。在传统的老叶确定方法中主要依靠经验；而本专利依据光合产物在叶柄中主要以水苏糖的形式运输至茎秆的特性，对叶片的衰老程度采用叶柄中水苏糖的浓度进行了量化，建立了老叶的评价标准。突破了传统的老叶确定仅仅依靠经验的瓶颈。
第二，中国温室栽培起步较晚，栽培技术由于缺乏与之相适应的温室栽培生理生态方面的研究，因此同国外相比，栽培技术较为落后。本专利通过建立的水苏糖的近红外光谱检测模型和老叶确定方法，为提高中国温室黄瓜栽培技术水平具有一定的推动作用。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步描述：
实施例1
以温室黄瓜某一叶片为例，详细介绍本发明一种确定温室黄瓜老叶的方法，包括以下三个步骤：
第一步，温室黄瓜叶片日同化产物量的计算
1-1、分别在8:00、10:00、12:00、14：00、16:00采用穿刺法获取温室黄瓜的目标叶柄中的汁液，记为溶液A1、A2、A3、A4、A5；从溶液A1、A2、A3、A4、A5中分别吸取1毫升放置于25毫升的容量瓶中，依次定容为溶液B1、B2、B3、B4、B5，从溶液B1、B2、B3、B4、B5中分别吸取10毫升放置于5个培养皿中，采用近红外光谱仪进行扫描，获取培养皿中的溶液B1、B2、B3、B4、B5的光谱反射特征；采用下述公式所示的水苏糖检测模型计算目标叶片叶柄中水苏糖的浓度；
c＝a0+a1×X1+a2×X2+a3×X3，
其中，c为水苏糖浓度，X1、X2、X3依次为波长927.61nm，1129.52nm，1316.69nm下的反射强度；a0、a1、a2、a3为模型参数。
1-2、首先确定叶柄维管束体积，再根据目标叶片叶柄维管束体积和水苏糖浓度确定维管束中的水苏糖总量，所述水苏糖总量即为目标叶片日同化产物量，如下述公式所示：
Figure PCTCN2016110907-appb-000005
公式中，Y为叶片日同化产物量，V为维管束体积，维管束体积的确定方法为：
首先量取叶柄的长度和底面积，得到叶柄的体积；然后采用micro-CT机扫描黄瓜叶柄，获得维管束的横截面积，然后根据叶柄的体积、维管束的横截面积以及叶柄长度，建立如下数学关系公式，得到叶柄内维管束的体积：
Figure PCTCN2016110907-appb-000006
公式中V为维管束体积cm3，Vp为叶柄体积cm3；
步骤2、叶片日消耗同化产物量的计算
2-1、采用直尺测定目标叶片的叶长，采用下述公式计算单叶重量：
Figure PCTCN2016110907-appb-000007
公式中，W为目标叶干重(g)，L为目标叶长(cm)，425为黄瓜叶片比叶面积(g/cm2)， 0.7为叶长与叶面积的转换系数，无量纲。
2-2、根据目标叶片的重量和日平均温度，计算目标叶片日消耗同化产物量；
Figure PCTCN2016110907-appb-000008
公式中，R为叶片日消耗同化产物量；T为日平均温度；
步骤3、将单叶日同化产物量与日消耗同化产物量进行比较，日同化产物量大于日消耗同化产物量，则为功能叶。日同化产物量小于或等于日消耗同化产物量则为老叶，需去除。
所述模型参数a0、a1、a2、a3依次取值为a0＝-72.94，a1＝-0.004、a2＝0.031、a3＝-0.0051。
所述模型参数a0、a1、a2、a3的获取方法为：
分别称取1、2、4、8、10克水苏糖，然后分别溶于100ml纯净水中，用于标准曲线的制作；采用近红外光谱仪扫描用于制作标准曲线的水苏糖溶液，获取溶液的光谱反射特征，制定水苏糖的检测模型，来得到a0、a1、a2、a3：
c＝a0+a1×X1+a2×X2+a3×X3，
其中，c为水苏糖浓度，X1、X2、X3依次为波长927.61nm、1129.52nm、1316.69nm下的反射强度；a0、a1、a2、a3为模型参数。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种确定温室黄瓜老叶的方法，其特征在于，按照下述步骤进行：
    步骤1、计算目标叶片日同化产物量：
    1-1、分别在8:00、10:00、12:00、14：00、16:00采用穿刺法获取温室黄瓜的目标叶柄中的汁液，记为溶液A1、A2、A3、A4、A5；从溶液A1、A2、A3、A4、A5中分别吸取1毫升放置于25毫升的容量瓶中，依次定容为溶液B1、B2、B3、B4、B5，从溶液B1、B2、B3、B4、B5中分别吸取10毫升放置于5个培养皿中，采用近红外光谱仪进行扫描，获取培养皿中的溶液B1、B2、B3、B4、B5的光谱反射特征；采用水苏糖检测模型计算目标叶片叶柄中水苏糖的浓度；
    1-2、首先确定叶柄维管束体积，再根据目标叶片叶柄维管束体积和水苏糖浓度确定维管束中的水苏糖总量，所述水苏糖总量即为目标叶片日同化产物量；
    步骤2、计算目标叶片日消耗同化产物量：
    2-1、采用直尺测定目标叶片的叶长，计算目标叶片的重量；
    2-2、根据目标叶片的重量和日平均温度，计算目标叶片日消耗同化产物量；
    步骤3、确定目标叶片是否为老叶：
    将目标叶片日同化产物量与日消耗同化产物量进行比较，日同化产物量大于日消耗同化产物量，则为功能叶；日同化产物量小于或等于日消耗同化产物量，则为老叶，需去除。
  2. 根据权利要求1所示的一种确定温室黄瓜老叶的方法，其特征在于，步骤1-1中，所述水苏糖检测模型如公式(1)所示：
    c＝a0+a1×X1+a2×X2+a3×X3        (1)，
    其中，c为水苏糖浓度，X1、X2、X3依次为波长927.61nm，1129.52nm，1316.69nm下的反射强度；a0、a1、a2、a3为模型参数。
  3. 根据权利要求1所示的一种确定温室黄瓜老叶的方法，其特征在于，所述模型参数a0、a1、a2、a3依次取值为a0＝-72.94，a1＝-0.004、a2＝0.031、a3＝-0.0051。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所示的一种确定温室黄瓜老叶的方法，其特征在于，所述模型参数a0、a1、a2、a3的获取方法为：
    分别称取1、2、4、8、10克水苏糖，然后分别溶于100ml纯净水中，用于标准曲线的制作；采用近红外光谱仪扫描用于制作标准曲线的水苏糖溶液，获取溶液的光谱反射特征，制定水苏糖的检测模型，来得到a0、a1、a2、a3：
    c＝a0+a1×X1+a2×X2+a3×X3，
    其中，c为水苏糖浓度，X1、X2、X3依次为波长927.61nm、1129.52nm、1316.69nm下的反射强度；a0、a1、a2、a3为模型参数。
  5. 根据权利要求1所示的一种确定温室黄瓜老叶的方法，其特征在于，步骤1-2中，在确定维管束中的水苏糖总量时，满足公式(2)：
    Figure PCTCN2016110907-appb-100001
    其中，Y为目标叶片日同化产物量，V为维管束体积，c1、c2、c3、c4、c5依次为8:00、10:00、12:00、14：00、16:00的叶柄中水苏糖的浓度。
  6. 根据权利要求1所示的一种确定温室黄瓜老叶的方法，其特征在于，步骤1-2中，所述维管束体积的确定方法为：
    首先量取叶柄的长度和底面积，得到叶柄的体积；然后采用micro-CT机扫描黄瓜叶柄，获得维管束的横截面积，然后根据叶柄的体积、维管束的横截面积以及叶柄长度，建立数学关系公式(3)，得到叶柄内维管束的体积：
    Figure PCTCN2016110907-appb-100002
    其中，V为维管束体积，单位为cm3；Vp为叶柄体积，单位为cm3。
  7. 根据权利要求1所示的一种确定温室黄瓜老叶的方法，其特征在于，步骤2-1中，在计算目标叶片的重量时，满足公式(4)：
    Figure PCTCN2016110907-appb-100003
    其中，W为目标叶干重，单位为g；L为目标叶长，单位为cm；425为目标叶片比叶面积，单位为g/cm2；0.7为叶长与叶面积的转换系数，无量纲。
  8. 根据权利要求1所示的一种确定温室黄瓜老叶的方法，其特征在于，步骤2-2中，计算目标叶片日消耗同化产物量时，满足公式(5)：
    Figure PCTCN2016110907-appb-100004
    其中，R为目标叶片日消耗同化产物量；T为日平均温度。
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