WO2018095014A1 - 一种适合于软弱煤岩的自钻自锚可接长锚杆及其锚固方法 - Google Patents

一种适合于软弱煤岩的自钻自锚可接长锚杆及其锚固方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018095014A1
WO2018095014A1 PCT/CN2017/087494 CN2017087494W WO2018095014A1 WO 2018095014 A1 WO2018095014 A1 WO 2018095014A1 CN 2017087494 W CN2017087494 W CN 2017087494W WO 2018095014 A1 WO2018095014 A1 WO 2018095014A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
self
drilling
rod body
anchoring
tail
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2017/087494
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张农
韩昌良
杨可
谢正正
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
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Application filed by China University of Mining and Technology CUMT, China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB filed Critical China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
Priority to AU2017317603A priority Critical patent/AU2017317603B2/en
Priority to CA2995108A priority patent/CA2995108C/en
Priority to US15/751,411 priority patent/US10487654B2/en
Publication of WO2018095014A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018095014A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
    • E21D20/003—Machines for drilling anchor holes and setting anchor bolts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
    • E21D21/0053—Anchoring-bolts in the form of lost drilling rods
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0093—Accessories

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a novel anchor rod and an anchoring technology thereof, in particular to a self-drilling self-anchoring and long-length anchor rod suitable for soft coal rock used in coal mine underground and an anchoring method thereof.
  • Bolt support is the main way to support coal roadway, which can significantly improve the stress state of surrounding rock of roadway, improve support effect, reduce support cost, reduce labor intensity, and provide effective protection for coal safety production.
  • the traditional anchor rod is a rebar steel bar with a nut tray; the anchoring method is to first drill the hole with the drill rod, then pull out the drill rod, sequentially put the resin anchoring agent and the anchor rod body, and stir the resin anchoring agent with the anchor rod to generate the anchoring force. And then pre-tighten.
  • anchors A variety of new types of anchors have been developed, including self-drilling self-anchoring anchors and extension anchors.
  • the existing new type of anchors the self-drilling self-anchoring anchors do not have the function of lengthening, or the long anchors have no self-drilling self-anchoring function, or the anchoring mode is not suitable for the soft coal rock mass.
  • a self-drilling self-anchoring self-anchoring anchor rod suitable for soft coal rock of the present invention is characterized in that it comprises a simple drill bit, a combined rod body and a fastening device;
  • the inner rod of the drill bit is connected with the simple drill bit, and the combined rod body comprises a plurality of intermediate rod bodies, a plurality of connecting sleeves and a tail rod body, the plurality of intermediate rod bodies are integrally connected by a plurality of connecting sleeves, and the tail of the last intermediate rod body passes through the connecting sleeve
  • the barrel is coupled to the tail rod, and the fastening device is threaded onto the tail rod body, the anchoring device including a tapered rubber plug, a tray and a nut sequentially disposed on the tail rod body.
  • the middle rod body head is provided with a connecting external thread
  • the tail end is provided with a composite joint.
  • the composite joint is composed of a connecting external thread and a hexagonal joint.
  • the tail rod body is provided with a connecting external thread in addition to the head, and the tail end is tightly arranged.
  • the surface of the tail rod body is a common threaded steel thread, and the axial hollow is provided with a grouting hole; the upper and lower ends of the middle rod body are connected with a male thread having a length of 10 mm to 150 mm, a hexagonal joint length of 1080 mm, and a fastening thread length of 30 mm.
  • 150mm the length of the tail rod is 400mm ⁇ 3500mm.
  • the connecting sleeve is provided with a connecting internal thread matched with the intermediate rod body, the connecting sleeve has a length of 40 mm to 160 mm, and the connecting sleeve has a diameter of 105% to 130% of the diameter of the intermediate rod body.
  • the inner side of the tapered rubber plug is provided with a rubber plug internal thread which increases the friction with the tail rod body.
  • a self-drilling self-anchoring anchoring method for a weak coal rock can be connected to a long anchor rod, comprising the following steps:
  • a simple drill bit is installed at the front end of the first intermediate rod body, and the rod body is installed The head is fed into the borehole, and the rear end of the rod body is mounted on the drilling equipment, and then drilled.
  • the connecting sleeve and the intermediate rod body are used for the lengthening, and the last time the length is used, the tail rod body is used for the lengthening, each time After the second extension, the newly assembled rod body is installed at the end of the rod to the drilling equipment for drilling, until the drilling length is completed;
  • the surface of the anchor rod body formed by the intermediate rod body and the connecting sleeve is generally Threaded steel thread does not have the function of discharging powder.
  • no coal or rock powder is discharged. There is a large amount of coal rock powder between the self-drilling section of the drilled rod and the rod body, and the end anchoring force is generated at the end of the rod body by friction.
  • the 1/4 ⁇ 3/4 section of the shallow part of the borehole has the property of rapid collapse and shrinkage deformation of the weak coal rock mass, and the anchoring rod body produces anchoring force;
  • the underground staff can check the pre-tightening force of the self-drilling self-anchoring to connect the long anchor rod through the force wrench. If the pre-tightening force cannot meet the requirements, the self-drilling self-anchoring can be connected to the long anchor rod again. Preloading to maintain the preload;
  • the drill diameter of the initial drilling construction exceeds the diameter of the self-drilling self-anchoring and can be connected to the long anchor rod body by 1mm to 10mm.
  • the connecting sleeve and the intermediate rod body to carry out the combined expansion of the actual depth requirement of the drilling hole, the total length of the rod body can be adjusted at any time according to the needs of the site to adapt the drilling hole of any depth, the practical operation is strong, and the connection is tight.
  • the self-drilling self-anchoring function is realized by a simple drill bit disposed at the head;
  • the drilling is semi-self-drilling and forming the hole, and the two steps of construction drilling and installation of the anchor are combined into one, which shortens the construction time of the single anchor and does not need to worry about the waste hole caused by the collapsed hole. Save construction time and improve construction efficiency;
  • the construction of the new bolt process is to drill sideways, and the length is long, so that the final length of the bolt is not restricted by the diameter of the roadway.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the assembly of the anchor of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a structural view of a simple drill bit of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a structural view of an intermediate rod body of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a structural view of the connecting sleeve of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a structural view of a tail rod of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a structural view of a tapered rubber stopper of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view of a borehole of the present invention.
  • the self-drilling self-anchoring adaptable long anchor rod suitable for soft coal rock of the present invention comprises a simple drill bit 1, a combined rod body and a fastening device, and the combined rod body comprises a plurality of intermediate rod bodies 2 and a plurality of connecting sleeves.
  • the barrel 3 and the tail rod body 4, the plurality of intermediate rod bodies 2 are integrally connected by a plurality of connecting sleeves 3, and the tail portion of the last intermediate rod body 2 is connected to the tail rod body 4 through the connecting sleeve 3, and
  • FIG. 1 shows the use of a pair of intermediate rod bodies. 2 situation.
  • the fastening device is threaded onto the tail rod body 4, which includes a tapered rubber plug 5, a tray 6 and a nut 7 which are sequentially arranged on the tail rod body 4.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of the simple drill 1, the simple drill 1 is provided with a connecting internal thread 12;
  • the head of the intermediate rod body 2 is provided with a connecting external thread 9, and the tail end is provided with a composite joint.
  • the composite joint is composed of a connecting external thread 9 and a hexagonal joint 10, and the tail rod body 4, in addition to the head is provided to connect the external thread 9, the end of the tail is provided with fastening threads 13; the surface of the intermediate rod body 2 and the tail rod body 4 is a common threaded steel thread, the axial hollow is provided with a grouting hole 8; the upper and lower sides of the middle rod body 2
  • the length of the end connecting external thread 9 is 10 mm to 150 mm
  • the length of the hexagonal joint 10 is 10 mm to 80 mm
  • the length of the fastening screw 13 is 30 mm to 150 mm
  • the length of the tail rod 4 is 400 mm to 3500 mm.
  • the connecting sleeve 3 has a connecting internal thread 12 matching the intermediate rod 2. Connecting sleeve 3 long The degree is 40 mm to 160 mm, and the diameter of the connecting sleeve 3 is 105% to 130% of the diameter of the intermediate rod 2.
  • the inside of the tapered rubber stopper 5 is provided with a rubber stopper internal thread 14 which increases the friction with the tail rod 4.
  • the length of each rod is 400mm ⁇ 1600mm; to ensure the connection effect, while avoiding too long waste material and time,
  • the upper and lower ends of the intermediate rod body are connected with a male thread length of 15 mm to 100 mm, a hexagonal joint length of 10 mm to 35 mm, a connecting sleeve length of 50 mm to 150 mm, and a fastening thread length of 30 mm to 150 mm.
  • the outer diameter of the simple drill 1 is 3 to 8 mm larger than the diameter of the anchor rod.
  • the simple drill 1 is provided with an opening connected to the rod body, and a plurality of convex knives are arranged around the opening and inclined toward the center. The top of the sharp knife is 3 mm from the center of the drill. ⁇ 5mm, the side of the simple drill 1 is provided with a spiral groove for discharging the powder generated by the drilling, the width of the groove is 5 mm to 8 mm, and the depth of the groove is 3 mm to 5 mm.
  • the side surface of the simple drill 1 is provided with a plurality of claws at the groove gap, and the claw includes a groove cavity, a round shaft, a high-strength resistance baffle plate and a strong spring, and the groove cavity provides a space for the rotation of the high-strength resistance baffle plate, the groove
  • the bottom side of the cavity is movably connected to the high-strength resisting baffle through the round shaft, and a strong spring is arranged between the high-strength baffle plate and the bottom of the trough cavity, and the high-strength baffle plate is bounced by a strong spring and can be rotated in the cavity through the round shaft.
  • a self-drilling self-anchoring anchoring method for connecting long anchors includes the following steps:
  • the drilling equipment is closed, the drilling equipment is separated from the tail rod body 4, and the fastening screw 13 at the end of the tail rod body 4 is sequentially sheathed with a tapered rubber plug 5, the tray 6 , nut 7, and tighten the nut 7 for pre-tightening, complete a installation;
  • the self-drilling self-anchor can be connected to the pre-stress relaxation of the long anchor rod;
  • the underground staff can check the pre-tightening force of the self-drilling self-anchoring to connect the long anchor rod through the force wrench. If the pre-tightening force cannot meet the requirements, the self-drilling self-anchoring can be connected to the long anchor again.
  • the rod is pre-tensioned to maintain the pre-tightening force;

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Abstract

一种适合于软弱煤岩的自钻自锚可接长锚杆及其锚固方法，适用于井巷软弱煤岩体支护工程。锚杆杆体包括简易钻头（1）、中间杆体（2）、连接套筒（3）、尾部杆体（4）、锥形橡皮塞（5）五部分。锚固方法为先用钻杆钻进钻孔深度的1/4～3/4，再根据需要组装锚杆进行钻进，在组装接长最后一段杆体时，用尾部杆体（4）代替中间杆体（2）接长，依靠锚杆自钻煤岩粉和钻孔快速收缩变形摩擦形成的锚固力实现自锚功能，之后进行预紧即实现自钻自锚。钻孔为半自动成孔方式。该方法减少了施工量，缩短了单根锚杆施工时间，避免了因塌孔而造成废孔。锚杆杆体为多段可接长杆体，可根据现场需要，随时调节杆体总长度，且不使用药卷，弥补了因塌孔造成药卷无法塞入和药卷在软弱煤岩体中可锚性差的不足。

Description

一种适合于软弱煤岩的自钻自锚可接长锚杆及其锚固方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种新型锚杆及其锚固技术，尤其是一种煤矿井下使用的适合于软弱煤岩的自钻自锚可接长锚杆及其锚固方法。
背景技术
锚杆支护是煤层巷道支护的主要方式，能显著改善巷道围岩的应力状态、提高支护效果、降低支护成本、减轻工人劳动强度，为煤炭安全生产提供了有效保障。传统锚杆为配有螺母托盘的螺纹钢钢筋；锚固方法为先用钻杆打出成孔，然后抽出钻杆，依次放入树脂锚固剂、锚杆杆体，用锚杆搅拌树脂锚固剂产生锚固力，然后进行预紧。
传统锚杆本身及其锚固方法存在诸多问题，特别是在软弱煤岩体中。叙述如下：①钻孔需额外用钻杆打孔，钻进后必须抽出，然后依次装进树脂锚固剂、锚杆杆体，步骤多，浪费时间；②锚杆杆体为单截刚性杆体，长度不能超过巷道断面最大直径，受巷道尺寸限制，杆体长度往往达不到设计要求；③在软弱煤岩体中，树脂锚固剂对于松散破碎的煤岩体黏附性差，造成黏锚力不足；④软弱煤岩体钻孔收缩变形迅速，易出现树脂锚固剂、杆体无法塞入，造成废孔。这些问题严重制约了锚杆支护技术在软弱煤岩支护中的应用。
现在已研发出多种新型锚杆，包括自钻自锚锚杆和接长锚杆。但现有的这些新型锚杆，自钻自锚锚杆不具备接长功能，或者接长锚杆无自钻自锚功能，或者其锚固方式不适用于软弱煤岩体。亟需一种能够完全克服上述问题的新型锚杆及锚固方法。
发明内容
技术问题：针对上述技术问题，提出一种可实现在软弱煤岩中的自钻自锚，不使用锚固剂，而且能不受限制的接长，兼有可滞后注浆的优点的适合于软弱煤岩的自钻自锚可接长锚杆及其锚固方法。
技术方案：为实现上述技术目的，本发明的适合于软弱煤岩的自钻自锚可接长锚杆，其特征在于：它包括简易钻头、组合杆体和紧固装置；所述组合杆体头部通过钻头内螺纹与简易钻头相连接，组合杆体包括多支中间杆体、多个连接套筒和尾部杆体，多支中间杆体通过多个连接套筒连接一体，最后一支中间杆体的尾部通过连接套筒连接尾部杆体，所述紧固装置通过螺纹连接在尾部杆体上，所述锚固装置包括顺序设在尾部杆体上的锥形橡皮塞、托盘和螺母。
所述中间杆体头部设有连接外螺纹，尾端设有复合接头，所述复合接头为连接外螺纹和六棱接头构成，所述尾部杆体除了头部设置连接外螺纹，尾部末端设有紧固螺纹；中间杆体 和尾部杆体的的表面为普通螺纹钢螺纹，轴向中空设有注浆孔；中间杆体的上下两端连接外螺纹长度为10mm～150mm，六棱接头长度为1080mm，紧固螺纹长度为30mm～150mm,尾部杆体长度为400mm～3500mm。
所述连接套筒内设有与中间杆体相匹配的连接内螺纹，连接套筒长度为40mm～160mm,连接套筒直径为中间杆体直径的105％～130％。
所述锥形橡皮塞内侧设有增加与尾部杆体摩擦力的橡皮塞内螺纹。
一种软弱煤岩的自钻自锚可接长锚杆的锚固方法，包括如下步骤：
a.先在设计钻孔处用普通钻杆施工至设计钻孔长度的1/4～3/4处，然后抽出钻杆，此时钻孔会发生部分塌孔；
b.根据设计钻孔的长度选择需要的中间杆体和连接套筒的数量，利用连接套筒将中间杆体及尾部杆体组装在一起构成锚杆杆体：在首支中间杆体前端安装简易钻头，将杆体头部送入钻孔，杆体后端安装至钻孔设备上后，进行钻进，钻进过程中利用连接套筒和中间杆体进行接长，最后一次接长时使用尾部杆体进行接长，每次接长后将新组合成的杆体最末端安装至钻孔设备上进行钻进，，直至完成钻进全部的钻孔长度；由于中间杆体和连接套筒构成的锚杆杆体表面设有的普通螺纹钢螺纹，不具备排粉功能，钻进过程中不排煤或岩粉，钻孔的锚杆自钻段和杆体之间存在大量煤岩粉，通过摩擦使得杆体端部产生端锚力，钻孔浅部的1/4～3/4段由于软弱煤岩体钻孔具有快速塌孔收缩变形的性质，挤压杆体产生锚固力；
c.当尾部杆体外露长度剩余30mm～150mm时，关闭钻孔设备，将钻孔设备与尾部杆体分离后在尾部杆体尾部的紧固螺纹依次套上锥形橡皮塞，托盘，并旋紧螺母进行预紧，使得自钻自锚可接长锚杆挤压嵌入煤体，增大自钻自锚可接长锚杆与煤体的摩擦力，完成一次安装；
d.施工1h～2h后，钻孔塌孔收缩变形更加充分，锚固力更大，用扳手对螺母进行旋紧完成二次预紧，同时可防周围其它自钻自锚可接长锚杆施工时造成该自钻自锚可接长锚杆的预应力松弛；
e.施工12～24h后，井下工作人员通过测力扳手检查自钻自锚可接长锚杆的预紧力，如预紧力不能满足要求时再次对自钻自锚可接长锚杆进行预紧，实现预紧力的维持；
初次钻孔施工的钻头直径超过自钻自锚可接长锚杆杆体直径1mm～10mm。
有益效果：本申请采用了上述技术方案与现有技术相比具有如下优点：
a.利用连接套筒和中间杆体就钻孔的实际深度要求进行组合拓展，可根据现场需要，随时调节杆体总长度从而适配任意深度的钻孔，实际操作的灵活性强，连接处紧密，通过设置在头部的简易钻头实现自钻自锚的功能；
b.钻孔为半自钻成孔方式，把施工钻孔和安装锚杆两个工序合二为一，既缩短了单根锚杆施工的时间，又无需担心因塌孔而造成废孔，节省了施工时间，提高了施工效率；
c.不使用药卷，依靠煤岩粉和钻孔快速收缩变形挤压摩擦杆体形成锚固力，锚固效果好，弥补了因塌孔造成药卷无法塞入和药卷在软弱煤岩体中可锚性差的缺点。
d.施工新型锚杆过程为边钻进，边接长，使得锚杆最终长度不受巷道直径的制约。
附图说明
图1是本发明的锚杆装配示意图。
图2是本发明的简易钻头构造图。
图3是本发明的中间杆体构造图。
图4是本发明的连接套筒构造图。
图5是本发明的尾部杆体构造图。
图6是本发明的锥形橡皮塞构造图。
图7是本发明的钻孔示意图。
图中：1-简易钻头，2-中间杆体，3-连接套筒，4-尾部杆体，5-锥形橡皮塞，6-托盘，7-螺母，8-注浆孔，9-连接外螺纹，10-六棱接头，11-钻头内螺纹，12-连接内螺纹，13-紧固螺纹，14-橡皮塞内螺纹。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。
自钻自锚可接长锚杆的机械结构叙述如下：
如图1所示，本发明的适合于软弱煤岩的自钻自锚可接长锚杆，包括简易钻头1、组合杆体和紧固装置，组合杆体包括多支中间杆体2、多个连接套筒3和尾部杆体4，多支中间杆体2通过多个连接套筒3连接一体，最后一支中间杆体2的尾部通过连接套筒3连接尾部杆体4，图1所示为使用一截中间杆体2的情况。所述紧固装置通过螺纹连接在尾部杆体4上，所述锚固装置包括顺序设在尾部杆体4上的锥形橡皮塞5、托盘6和螺母7。
图2是简易钻头1构造图，简易钻头1内设有连接内螺纹12；
如图3和图5所示，所述中间杆体2头部设有连接外螺纹9，尾端设有复合接头，所述复合接头为连接外螺纹9和六棱接头10构成，所述尾部杆体4除了头部设置连接外螺纹9，尾部末端设有紧固螺纹13；中间杆体2和尾部杆体4的表面为普通螺纹钢螺纹，轴向中空设有注浆孔8；中间杆体2的上下两端连接外螺纹9的长度为10mm～150mm，六棱接头10的长度为10mm～80mm，紧固螺纹13长度为30mm～150mm,尾部杆体4的长度为400mm～3500mm。
如图4所示，所述连接套筒3内有与中间杆体2相匹配的连接内螺纹12。连接套筒3长 度为40mm～160mm,连接套筒3直径为中间杆体2直径的105％～130％。
如图6所示，所述锥形橡皮塞5内侧设有增加与尾部杆体4摩擦力的橡皮塞内螺纹14。
为方便控制组装后锚杆总长度，同时不至于因为每段杆体太短造成频繁接长，每段杆体长度在400mm～1600mm；为保证连接效果，同时避免接长部分太长浪费材料和时间，中间杆体的上下两端连接外螺纹长度为15mm～100mm，六棱接头长度为10mm～35mm，连接套筒长度为50mm～150mm,紧固螺纹长度为30mm～150mm。
简易钻头1外直径比锚杆杆体直径大3～8mm，所述简易钻头1设有与杆体相连的开口，开口周围设有多个凸起且向中心倾斜的尖刀，尖刀的顶部距钻头中心3mm～5mm，简易钻头1侧面设有用于将钻进产生的粉末排出钻头位置螺旋凹槽，凹槽的宽度为5mm～8mm，凹槽的深度为3mm～5mm。所述简易钻头1侧面在凹槽间隙处设有多个阻爪，所述阻爪包括槽腔、圆轴、高强阻隔板和强力弹簧，所述槽腔为高强阻隔板转动提供一个空间，槽腔底部一侧通过圆轴与高强阻隔板活动连接，高强阻隔板与槽腔底部之间设有强力弹簧，高强阻隔板利用强力弹簧弹起并通过圆轴可在槽腔里转动。
一种自钻自锚可接长锚杆的锚固方法，包括如下步骤：
a.先在设计钻孔处用普通钻杆施工至设计钻孔长度的1/4～3/4处，然后抽出钻杆，此时钻孔会出现部分塌孔；
b.根据设计钻孔的长度选择需要的中间杆体2和连接套筒3的数量，利用连接套筒3将中间杆体2及尾部杆体4组装在一起构成锚杆杆体。组装和钻进过程如下：在首支中间杆体2前端安装简易钻头1，头部送入钻孔，后端安装至钻孔设备上后，进行钻进。钻进过程中，利用连接套筒3和中间杆体2进行接长，使用尾部杆体4进行最后一次接长，每次接长后，将新组合成的杆体最末端安装至钻孔设备上，进行钻进。直至完成钻进全部的钻孔长度；由于中间杆体2和连接套筒3构成的锚杆杆体杆体表面设有的普通螺纹钢螺纹，不具备排粉功能，钻进过程中不排煤或岩粉，钻孔的锚杆自钻段和杆体之间存在大量煤岩粉，通过摩擦使得杆体端部产生端锚力，钻孔浅部的1/4～3/4段由于软弱煤岩体钻孔具有快速塌孔收缩变形的性质，挤压杆体产生锚固力；
c.当尾部杆体4外露长度剩余30mm～150mm时，关闭钻孔设备，将钻孔设备与尾部杆体4分离后在尾部杆体4尾部的紧固螺纹13依次套上锥形橡皮塞5，托盘6，螺母7，并旋紧螺母7进行预紧，完成一次安装；
d.施工1小时～2小时后，钻孔塌孔收缩变形更加充分，锚固力更大，用扳手对螺母5进行旋紧完成二次预紧，同时可防周围其它自钻自锚可接长锚杆施工时造成该自钻自锚可接长锚杆的预应力松弛；
e.施工12小时～24小时后，井下工作人员通过测力扳手检查自钻自锚可接长锚杆的预紧力，如预紧力不能满足要求时再次对自钻自锚可接长锚杆进行预紧，实现预紧力的维持；

Claims (6)

  1. 一种适合于软弱煤岩的自钻自锚可接长锚杆，其特征在于：它包括简易钻头(1)、组合杆体和紧固装置；所述组合杆体头部通过钻头内螺纹(11)与简易钻头(1)相连接，组合杆体包括多支中间杆体(2)、多个连接套筒(3)和尾部杆体(4)，多支中间杆体(2)通过多个连接套筒(3)连接一体，最后一支中间杆体(2)的尾部通过连接套筒(3)连接尾部杆体(4)，所述紧固装置通过螺纹连接在尾部杆体(4)上，所述锚固装置包括顺序设在尾部杆体(4)上的锥形橡皮塞(5)、托盘(6)和螺母(7)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的适合于软弱煤岩的自钻自锚可接长锚杆，其特征在于：所述中间杆体(2)头部设有连接外螺纹(9)，尾端设有复合接头，所述复合接头为连接外螺纹(9)和六棱接头(10)构成，所述尾部杆体(4)除了头部设置连接外螺纹(9)，尾部末端设有紧固螺纹(13)；中间杆体(2)和尾部杆体(4)的表面为普通螺纹钢螺纹，轴向中空设有注浆孔(8)；中间杆体(2)的上下两端连接外螺纹(9)的长度为10mm～150mm，六棱接头(10)的长度为1080mm，紧固螺纹(13)的长度为30mm～150mm,尾部杆体(4)的长度为400mm～3500mm。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的适合于软弱煤岩的自钻自锚可接长锚杆，其特征在于：所述连接套筒(3)内有与中间杆体(2)相匹配的连接内螺纹(12)。连接套筒(3)长度为40mm～160mm,连接套筒(3)直径为中间杆体(2)直径的105％～130％。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的适合于软弱煤岩的自钻自锚可接长锚杆，其特征在于：所述锥形橡皮塞(5)内侧设有增加与尾部杆体(4)摩擦力的橡皮塞内螺纹(14)。
  5. 一种使用权利要求1所述适合于软弱煤岩的自钻自锚可接长锚杆的软弱煤岩的自钻自锚可接长锚杆的锚固方法，其特征包括如下步骤：
    a.先在设计钻孔处用普通钻杆施工至设计钻孔长度的1/4～3/4处，然后抽出钻杆，此时钻孔会发生部分塌孔；
    b.根据设计钻孔的长度选择需要的中间杆体(2)和连接套筒(3)的数量，利用连接套筒(3)将中间杆体(2)及尾部杆体(4)组装在一起构成锚杆杆体：在首支中间杆体(2)前端安装简易钻头(1)，将杆体头部送入钻孔，杆体后端安装至钻孔设备上后，进行钻进，钻进过程中利用连接套筒(3)和中间杆体(2)进行接长，在最后一次接长时使用尾部杆体(4)进行接长，每次接长后将新组合成的杆体最末端安装至钻孔设备上进行钻进，直至完成钻进全部的钻孔长度；由于中间杆体(2)和连接套筒(3)构成的锚杆杆体表面设有的普通螺纹钢螺纹，不具备排粉功能，钻进过程中不排煤或岩粉，钻孔的锚杆自钻段和杆体之间存在大量煤岩粉，通过摩擦使得杆体端部产生端锚力，钻孔浅部的1/4～3/4段由于软弱煤岩体钻孔具有快速塌孔收缩变形的性质，挤压杆体产生锚固力；
    c.当尾部杆体(4)外露长度剩余30mm～150mm时，关闭钻孔设备，将钻孔设备与尾部 杆体(4)分离后在尾部杆体(4)尾部的紧固螺纹(13)依次套上锥形橡皮塞(5)，托盘(6)，并旋紧螺母(7)进行预紧，使得自钻自锚可接长锚杆挤压嵌入煤体，增大自钻自锚可接长锚杆与煤体的摩擦力，完成一次安装；
    d.施工1h～2h后，钻孔塌孔收缩变形更加充分，锚固力更大，用扳手对螺母(5)进行旋紧完成二次预紧，同时可防周围其它自钻自锚可接长锚杆施工时造成该自钻自锚可接长锚杆的预应力松弛；
    e.施工12～24h后，井下工作人员通过测力扳手检查自钻自锚可接长锚杆的预紧力，如预紧力不能满足要求时再次对自钻自锚可接长锚杆进行预紧，实现预紧力的维持；
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的软弱煤岩的自钻自锚可接长锚杆的锚固方法，其特征在于：初次钻孔施工的钻头直径超过自钻自锚可接长锚杆杆体直径1mm～10mm。
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