WO2018094975A1 - 一种fso通信系统 - Google Patents

一种fso通信系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018094975A1
WO2018094975A1 PCT/CN2017/083953 CN2017083953W WO2018094975A1 WO 2018094975 A1 WO2018094975 A1 WO 2018094975A1 CN 2017083953 W CN2017083953 W CN 2017083953W WO 2018094975 A1 WO2018094975 A1 WO 2018094975A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
optical signal
optical
control instruction
photodetector
received
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2017/083953
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
冯江华
肖家博
全清华
张泰然
蒋国涛
陆琦
Original Assignee
中车株洲电力机车研究所有限公司
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Application filed by 中车株洲电力机车研究所有限公司 filed Critical 中车株洲电力机车研究所有限公司
Priority to US16/329,226 priority Critical patent/US10547382B2/en
Publication of WO2018094975A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018094975A1/zh
Priority to ZA2019/01284A priority patent/ZA201901284B/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/11—Arrangements specific to free-space transmission, i.e. transmission through air or vacuum
    • H04B10/112—Line-of-sight transmission over an extended range
    • H04B10/1129—Arrangements for outdoor wireless networking of information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/07—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems
    • H04B10/075—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal
    • H04B10/079—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using measurements of the data signal
    • H04B10/0795—Performance monitoring; Measurement of transmission parameters
    • H04B10/07955—Monitoring or measuring power
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/11—Arrangements specific to free-space transmission, i.e. transmission through air or vacuum
    • H04B10/112—Line-of-sight transmission over an extended range
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/50—Transmitters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/50—Transmitters
    • H04B10/501—Structural aspects
    • H04B10/503—Laser transmitters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/50—Transmitters
    • H04B10/564—Power control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/60—Receivers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/60—Receivers
    • H04B10/66—Non-coherent receivers, e.g. using direct detection
    • H04B10/67—Optical arrangements in the receiver
    • H04B10/671—Optical arrangements in the receiver for controlling the input optical signal
    • H04B10/672—Optical arrangements in the receiver for controlling the input optical signal for controlling the power of the input optical signal

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of FSO communication, and in particular to an FSO communication system.
  • FSO Free Space Optic
  • FSO is a kind of point-to-point communication within the line of sight. Its transmitting end emits optical signals to the receiving end with a small divergence angle. Only when the lens of the FSO receiving end is within the range of the transmitted spot and the optical power of the received optical signal is sufficient. When a component such as a photodetector recovers a valid data signal, the reception of the signal can be completed normally. Because FSO is generally used for outdoor wireless communication, and the optical signal is easily affected by weather, outdoor environment and other factors during the transmission of the atmosphere, the optical signal is faced with a large attenuation and scattering during the transmission process, so that the light of the optical signal The power is reduced. For example, under the same launch angle and transmit power, the effective communication distance of the FSO can reach several kilometers when the weather is fine, and in the case of dense fog, etc., the effective communication distance of the FSO may be less than 100 meters.
  • the optical power of the optical signal transmitted by the FSO communication system is fixed, it is difficult to cope with changes in the natural environment such as complex weather conditions, lacks adaptive adjustment capability, and cannot guarantee stable communication of the FSO.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an FSO communication system, in which the optical signal emitted by the laser can be adjusted so that the optical power of the optical signal received by the photodetector is within a predetermined reasonable range to cope with complex changes.
  • the external environment makes FSO communication more stable.
  • the present invention provides an FSO communication system, the system comprising a transmitting end, a controller and a receiving end, the transmitting end comprising a laser, the receiving end comprising a photodetector and a first light regulating module ,among them:
  • the laser is configured to emit an optical signal
  • the photodetector is configured to receive an optical signal passing through the first light adjustment module
  • the controller is configured to acquire and generate optical power of the optical signal received by the photodetector according to the optical signal received by the photodetector, and generate and send a corresponding control instruction according to the optical power;
  • the first light adjustment module is configured to receive the control instruction and an optical signal emitted by the laser, and adjust an optical signal emitted by the laser according to the control instruction to enable an optical signal received by the photodetector
  • the optical power is within a predetermined reasonable range and the adjusted optical signal is sent to the photodetector.
  • the process of generating and transmitting a corresponding control instruction according to the optical power is:
  • the first light adjustment module is specifically configured to: after receiving the first control instruction, adjust the received optical signal emitted by the laser to enable the light of the optical signal received by the photodetector The power is within a predetermined reasonable range, and the adjusted optical signal is sent to the photodetector; and is further configured to directly send the received optical signal to the photodetector after receiving the second control instruction.
  • the first light adjustment module comprises:
  • a first optical amplifier configured to: when the optical power is less than a lower limit of the preset reasonable range, amplify the received optical signal emitted by the laser according to the first control instruction, so as to be amplified
  • the optical power of the optical signal is within the predetermined reasonable range, and the amplified optical signal is sent to the photodetector; and is further configured to, after receiving the second control instruction, according to the The second control instruction directly sends the received optical signal to the photodetector;
  • a first optical attenuator configured to attenuate the received optical signal emitted by the laser according to the first control instruction when the optical power is greater than an upper limit of the preset reasonable range, so as to be attenuated
  • the optical power of the optical signal is within the predetermined reasonable range, and the attenuated optical signal is sent to the photodetector; and is further configured to: after receiving the second control instruction, according to the second The control command directly transmits the received optical signal to the photodetector.
  • the transmitting end further includes a second light adjustment module
  • the controller is further configured to: when the optical power of the optical signal received by the photodetector is not within the reasonable range, generate and send a third control instruction; otherwise, generate and send a fourth control instruction;
  • the second light adjustment module is configured to: after receiving the third control instruction, adjust the received optical signal emitted by the laser according to the third control instruction, so that the photodetector receives The optical power of the received optical signal is within the preset reasonable range, and the adjusted optical signal is sent to the first optical adjustment module; and is further configured to receive directly after receiving the fourth control instruction The incoming optical signal is sent to the first light conditioning module.
  • the second light adjustment module comprises:
  • a second optical amplifier configured to: when the optical power is less than a lower limit of the preset reasonable range, amplify the received optical signal emitted by the laser according to the third control instruction, so that the optical detection The optical power of the optical signal received by the device is within the predetermined reasonable range, and the amplified optical signal is sent to the first optical adjustment module; and is further configured to: after receiving the fourth control instruction, The fourth control instruction directly sends the received optical signal to the first light adjustment module;
  • a second optical attenuator configured to attenuate the received optical signal emitted by the laser according to the third control instruction when the optical power is greater than an upper limit of the preset reasonable range, so that the light
  • the optical power of the optical signal received by the detector is within the preset reasonable range, and the attenuated optical signal is sent to the first optical adjustment module; and is further configured to: after receiving the fourth control instruction, The fourth control instruction directly transmits the received optical signal to the first light adjustment module.
  • the transmitting end further includes a collimator
  • the controller is further configured to generate and send a fifth control instruction when the optical power is not within the reasonable range; otherwise, generate and send a sixth control instruction;
  • the collimator is configured to receive and adjust a focus of the optical control signal according to the fifth control instruction to adjust a divergence angle of the optical signal sent by the second optical adjustment module, so that the optical power is in the And the preset optical signal is sent to the first optical adjustment module; and is further configured to directly receive the received second control instruction according to the sixth control instruction after receiving the sixth control instruction An optical signal is transmitted to the first light conditioning module.
  • the receiving end further includes a wavefront detector, the first input end of the wavefront detector is connected to the output end of the first optical amplifier, and the second input end thereof is opposite to the first optical attenuator The output end is connected, and the output end thereof is connected to the input end of the photodetector, the wavefront detector is configured to shape the received optical signal, and send the shaped optical signal to the optical detection Device.
  • a wavefront detector the first input end of the wavefront detector is connected to the output end of the first optical amplifier, and the second input end thereof is opposite to the first optical attenuator
  • the output end is connected, and the output end thereof is connected to the input end of the photodetector
  • the wavefront detector is configured to shape the received optical signal, and send the shaped optical signal to the optical detection Device.
  • the receiving end further includes an acquisition module and an adjustment module, where:
  • the collecting module is configured to collect environmental parameters, and send the environmental parameters to the controller;
  • the controller is further configured to receive the environment parameter, generate and send a seventh control instruction according to the environment parameter;
  • the adjustment module is configured to receive the seventh control instruction, and adjust a relative height and a relative elevation angle of the receiving end and the transmitting end according to the seventh control instruction.
  • the environmental parameter comprises a combination of one or more of temperature, humidity or sunlight.
  • the first optical amplifier according to any of the above is an erbium doped fiber amplifier or a semiconductor amplifier.
  • the second optical amplifier according to any of the above is an erbium doped fiber amplifier or a semiconductor amplifier.
  • the first optical attenuator is a thin film type optical attenuator.
  • the second optical attenuator is a thin film type optical attenuator.
  • the invention provides an FSO communication system, which comprises a transmitting end, a controller and a receiving end, the transmitting end comprises a laser, and the receiving end comprises a photodetector and a first light regulating module, wherein: a laser for emitting an optical signal; a photodetector for receiving an optical signal passing through the first optical conditioning module; and a controller for acquiring and obtaining an optical signal received by the photodetector according to the optical signal received by the photodetector
  • the optical power generates and transmits a corresponding control command according to the optical power;
  • the first optical adjustment module is configured to receive the control command and the optical signal emitted by the laser, and adjust the optical signal emitted by the laser according to the control instruction to enable the optical detector to receive
  • the optical power of the incoming optical signal is within a predetermined reasonable range, and the adjusted optical signal is sent to the photodetector.
  • the controller Collecting, by the controller, the optical signal received by the photodetector, and generating a corresponding control command according to the optical power of the optical signal received by the photodetector, so that the first optical adjustment module adjusts the optical signal emitted by the laser according to the control instruction,
  • the optical power of the optical signal received by the photodetector is within a predetermined reasonable range, so that the photodetector normally recovers the valid data signal, and the signal reception is normally completed.
  • the FSO communication system can adjust the optical signal emitted by the laser to enable the photodetector to receive The optical power of the optical signal is within a predetermined reasonable range to cope with the complicated and varied external environment, so that the FSO communication is more stable.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an FSO communication system according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another FSO communication system according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a relative height and a relative pitch angle of a transmitting end and a receiving end according to the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the relative height and relative elevation angle adjustment of the transmitting end and the receiving end provided by the present invention.
  • the core of the invention is to provide an FSO communication system, which can be used as needed during use.
  • the optical power of the optical signal received by the photodetector is adaptively adjusted to cope with the complicated and varied external environment, so that the FSO communication is more stable.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an FSO communication system according to the present invention.
  • the system comprises a transmitting end 1, a controller 2 and a receiving end 3, the transmitting end 1 comprises a laser 11, and the receiving end 3 comprises a photodetector 31 and a first light regulating module 32, wherein:
  • a light detector 31, configured to receive an optical signal passing through the first light adjustment module 32;
  • the controller 2 is configured to collect and obtain the optical power of the optical signal received by the photodetector 31 according to the optical signal received by the photodetector 31, and generate and transmit a corresponding control command according to the optical power;
  • the first light adjustment module 32 is configured to receive the control command and the optical signal emitted by the laser 11, and adjust the optical signal emitted by the laser 11 according to the control instruction so that the optical power of the optical signal received by the photodetector 31 is within a predetermined reasonable range.
  • the adjusted optical signal is sent to the photodetector 31.
  • the optical power of the optical signal received by the photodetector 31 of the receiving end 3 plays an important role in recovering the effective data signal.
  • the photodetector 31 cannot be distinguished.
  • the /0 signal when the optical power is too weak, causes the photodetector 31 to fail to detect a valid data signal, so that the optical detection can only be performed when the optical power of the optical signal received by the photodetector 31 is within a predetermined reasonable range.
  • the device 31 normally recovers a valid data signal in order to normally complete the reception of the signal.
  • the optical power of the optical signal received by the photodetector 31 may cause the optical power of the optical signal received by the photodetector 31 not to satisfy the condition, for example, the optical power varies with the distance between the transmitting end 1 and the receiving end 3, and is subject to weather factors (haze).
  • the influence of factors such as the turbulence of the atmosphere, the turbulence of the atmosphere, etc., the FSO communication system in the present application is the optical signal received by the photodetector 31 due to environmental changes.
  • the optical signal emitted by the laser 11 can be adjusted by the system, so that the optical power of the optical signal received by the photodetector 31 is within a predetermined reasonable range, so as to be changeable. It can also work normally in the environment.
  • the laser 11 in the transmitting end 1 emits an optical signal, and the optical signal is sent to the photodetector 31 after passing through the first optical adjustment module 32, because only the optical power of the optical signal received by the photodetector 31 is preset. Within a reasonable range, the photodetector 31 can normally recover the valid data signal to complete the signal reception normally. Therefore, the present application provides the controller 2 to collect the optical signal received by the photodetector 31, and according to the The optical signal obtains the optical power corresponding to the optical signal, generates a corresponding control command according to the obtained optical power, and sends the control command to the first light adjustment module 32.
  • the first light adjustment module 32 is configured according to the received control command.
  • the received optical signal i.e., the optical signal emitted by the laser 11
  • the received optical signal is adjusted so that the optical power of the optical signal received by the photodetector 31 is within a predetermined reasonable range.
  • the optical power of the optical signal received by the photodetector 31 may be within a predetermined reasonable range by one-time adjustment, or may be received by the photodetector 31 by multiple adjustments.
  • the optical power of the received optical signal is within a predetermined reasonable range.
  • the controller 2 collects the optical signal received by the photodetector 31, the first optical modulation module controls the received optical signal according to the optical power of the optical signal. Adjusting, the adjusted optical signal is sent to the photodetector 31, and then the controller 2 re-acquires the optical signal received by the photodetector 31, and sequentially cyclically controls the first optical adjustment module 32 to perform the optical signal received by the first optical adjustment module 32. Adjusted until the optical power of the optical signal received by the photodetector 31 is within a predetermined reasonable range.
  • the present invention provides an FSO communication system, which includes a transmitting end, a controller and a receiving end, the transmitting end includes a laser, and the receiving end includes a photodetector and a first light adjusting module, wherein: the laser is configured to emit an optical signal; a light detector for receiving an optical signal passing through the first light adjustment module; and a controller for collecting and obtaining an optical power of the optical signal received by the photodetector according to the optical signal received by the photodetector, and according to the optical power Generating and transmitting a corresponding control instruction; the first light adjustment module is configured to receive the control command and the optical signal emitted by the laser, and adjust the optical signal emitted by the laser according to the control instruction so that the optical power of the optical signal received by the photodetector is Preset Within the scope of the regulation, the adjusted optical signal is sent to the photodetector.
  • the controller Collecting, by the controller, the optical signal received by the photodetector, and generating a corresponding control command according to the optical power of the optical signal received by the photodetector, so that the first optical adjustment module adjusts the optical signal emitted by the laser according to the control instruction,
  • the optical power of the optical signal received by the photodetector is within a predetermined reasonable range, so that the photodetector normally recovers the valid data signal, and the signal reception is normally completed.
  • the FSO communication system can adjust the optical signal emitted by the laser to enable the photodetector to receive The optical power of the incoming optical signal is within a predetermined reasonable range to cope with the complicated and varied external environment, so that the FSO communication is more stable.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another FSO communication system according to the present invention.
  • the process of generating and transmitting a corresponding control command according to optical power is:
  • the first light adjustment module 32 is specifically configured to adjust the optical signal emitted by the received laser 11 after receiving the first control instruction, so that the optical power of the optical signal received by the light detector 31 is preset. Within the range, the adjusted optical signal is sent to the photodetector 31; and is also used to directly send the received optical signal to the photodetector 31 after receiving the second control command.
  • the optical power of the optical signal received by the photodetector 31 obtained by the controller 2 has two conditions, one is that the optical power is not within a preset reasonable range, and the other is that the optical power is preset. Within a reasonable range.
  • the first light adjustment module 32 is required to adjust the optical signal received by the first light adjustment module 32.
  • the controller 2 generates a first control command according to the optical power, and sends the first control command to the first light adjustment.
  • the module 32 after receiving the first control command, the first light adjustment module 32 adjusts the optical signal received by the light detector according to the control command, and finally determines the optical power of the optical signal received by the light detector 31 to be reasonable.
  • the first control command is an attenuation command
  • the first optical adjustment mode The block 32 performs corresponding attenuation on the received optical signal according to the first control instruction, so that the optical power of the optical signal received by the photodetector 31 is reduced to a preset reasonable range
  • the first control The command is an amplifying command
  • the first light adjusting module 32 correspondingly amplifies the received optical signal according to the first control command, so that the optical power of the optical signal received by the photodetector 31 is increased to a preset reasonable range.
  • the optical signal received by the first light adjustment module 32 is not required to be adjusted, and the controller 2 generates a second control instruction according to the optical power, and The second control command is sent to the first light adjustment module 32.
  • the first light adjustment module 32 directly sends the received optical signal to the photodetector 31 according to the instruction.
  • the optical power of the optical signal received by the photodetector 31 of the receiving end 3 is not within a preset reasonable range, and may be adopted by the first light adjusting module 32.
  • the received optical signal is adjusted such that the optical power of the optical signal received by the photodetector 31 is within a predetermined reasonable range.
  • the first light adjustment module 32 comprises:
  • the first optical amplifier 321 is configured to: when the optical power is less than a lower limit of the preset reasonable range, amplify the optical signal emitted by the received laser 11 according to the first control instruction, so that the optical power of the amplified optical signal is Within a predetermined reasonable range, the amplified optical signal is sent to the photodetector 31; and is further configured to directly transmit the received optical signal to the photodetector 31 according to the second control command after receiving the second control command.
  • the first optical amplifier 321 receives the first control instruction (ie, the amplification instruction), and according to the control instruction Correspondingly amplifying the received optical signal, and transmitting the amplified optical signal to the photodetector 31, so that the optical power of the optical signal received by the photodetector 31 is within a predetermined reasonable range, for example, the optical power at this time.
  • the first control instruction ie, the amplification instruction
  • the preset range of the optical power is 500-1000
  • the first control command can control the first optical amplifier 321 to amplify and adjust the optical signal received by the first optical amplifier 321 to amplify the optical power of the optical signal by 6 times.
  • the optical power of the optical signal received by the photodetector 31 is within a predetermined reasonable range.
  • the first optical attenuator 322 is configured to: when the optical power is greater than an upper limit of a preset reasonable range, The first control command attenuates the received optical signal of the laser 11 so that the optical power of the attenuated optical signal is within a predetermined reasonable range, and transmits the attenuated optical signal to the photodetector 31; After receiving the second control command, the received optical signal is directly sent to the photodetector 31 according to the second control command.
  • the first optical attenuator 322 receives the first control command (ie, the attenuation command), and according to the The control command attenuates the received optical signal correspondingly, and sends the attenuated optical signal to the photodetector 31, so that the optical power of the optical signal received by the photodetector 31 is within a predetermined reasonable range, for example, The time power is 2000, and the preset range of the optical power is 500-1000.
  • the first control command can control the first optical attenuator 322 to perform attenuation adjustment on the optical signal received by the first optical attenuator 322 to make the optical power of the optical signal.
  • the attenuation is 3 times so that the optical power of the optical signal received by the photodetector 31 is within a predetermined reasonable range.
  • the optical signal emitted by the laser 11 can be sent to the photodetector 31 through the first optical amplifier 321 or The optical signal emitted by the laser 11 is transmitted to the photodetector 31 through the first optical attenuator 322.
  • the first optical amplifier 321 When the first optical amplifier 321 receives the second control command, adjusting the first optical amplifier 321 according to the second control command to have a magnification of 1, the received optical signal can be directly sent to the photodetector 31;
  • the optical attenuator 322 receives the second control command, the first optical attenuator 322 is adjusted according to the second control command to have a attenuation factor of 1, and the received optical signal can be directly sent to the photodetector 31.
  • the optical power of the optical signal received by the photodetector 31 is not within a predetermined reasonable range due to various factors.
  • the first optical adjusting module 32 of the receiving end 3 The optical power of the optical signal received by the optical detector 31 can be adjusted within a predetermined reasonable range by adjusting the optical power of the optical signal received by the optical detector 31, thereby ensuring that the transmitting end and the receiving end 3 have a good communication state.
  • the optical power of the optical signal received by the photodetector 31 varies with the distance between the transmitting end 1 and the receiving end 3.
  • the receiving end 3 The optical power of the optical signal received by the photodetector 31 is low (ie, less than a lower limit of the preset reasonable range), and the controller is required to control the first optical amplifier 321 to receive the first optical amplifier 321
  • the optical signal is amplified. If the distance between the transmitting end 1 and the receiving end 3 is reduced (ie, close to each other), the optical power of the optical signal received by the photodetector 31 is increased, and the first optical amplifier is added.
  • the first optical amplifier 321 can be controlled to reduce its own amplification factor so that the optical power of the optical signal received by the photodetector 31 is within a predetermined reasonable range.
  • the transmitting end 1 and the receiving end 3 continue to approach each other, and the optical power of the optical signal received by the photodetector 31 continues to increase, if the optical detector 31 receives the magnification of the first optical amplifier 321 when it is reduced to one.
  • the optical power of the optical signal is still greater than the upper limit of the preset reasonable range.
  • the first optical adjustment module 32 is switched to the first optical attenuator 322, so that the first optical attenuator 322 correspondingly attenuates the received optical signal.
  • the adjustment is such that the optical power of the optical signal received by the photodetector 31 is within a predetermined reasonable range.
  • the transmitting end 1 and the receiving end 3 are far apart from each other, that is, when the optical power of the optical signal received by the photodetector 31 gradually changes from an upper limit greater than a preset reasonable range to a lower limit than a preset reasonable range, the first The adjustment of the optical signal received by the light adjustment module 32 can be switched by the first optical attenuator 322 to the first optical amplifier 321.
  • the transmitting end 1 further includes a second light adjusting module 12;
  • the controller 2 is further configured to: when the optical power of the optical signal received by the photodetector 31 is out of a reasonable range, generate and send a third control instruction; otherwise, generate and send a fourth control instruction;
  • the second light adjustment module 12 is configured to, after receiving the third control instruction, adjust the optical signal emitted by the received laser 11 according to the third control instruction, so that the optical power of the optical signal received by the photodetector 31
  • the preset optical signal is sent to the first light adjustment module 32 within a preset reasonable range; and is further configured to directly send the received optical signal to the first light adjustment module 32 after receiving the fourth control instruction.
  • the optical signal emitted by the laser 11 can be adjusted not only by the first light adjustment module 32 of the receiving end 3 but also by the second light adjusting module 12 of the transmitting end 1 .
  • the optical power of the optical signal received by the photodetector 31 is within a predetermined reasonable range.
  • the controller 2 when the optical power of the optical signal received by the photodetector 31 is not within a preset reasonable range, the controller 2 generates a third control command according to the optical power, and sends the third control command to the second optical adjustment module. 12.
  • the third control command is an amplification command, and the laser 11 that the second light adjustment module 12 receives is controlled.
  • the emitted optical signal is correspondingly amplified, so that the optical power of the optical signal received by the photodetector 31 is within a predetermined reasonable range; when the optical power is too large (ie, greater than the upper limit of the preset reasonable range), the third control The command is an attenuation command, and the second light adjustment module 12 is controlled to attenuate the optical signal emitted by the laser 11 to be received, so that the optical power of the optical signal received by the photodetector 31 is within a predetermined reasonable range.
  • the controller 2 When the optical power of the optical signal received by the photodetector 31 is within a predetermined reasonable range, the controller 2 generates a fourth control command according to the optical power, and after the second optical adjustment module 12 receives the fourth control command, according to the control The instruction directly transmits the optical signal it receives to the first light adjustment module 32.
  • the optical power of the optical signal received by the photodetector 31 of the receiving end 3 is not within a predetermined reasonable range, and may also pass through the second optical adjusting module 12
  • the optical signal emitted by the laser received by the laser is adjusted so that the optical power of the optical signal received by the photodetector 31 is within a predetermined reasonable range.
  • the second light adjustment module 12 comprises:
  • the second optical amplifier 121 is configured to: when the optical power is less than a lower limit of the preset reasonable range, amplify the optical signal emitted by the received laser 11 according to the third control instruction, so that the optical signal received by the photodetector 31 is The optical power is within a preset reasonable range, and the amplified optical signal is sent to the first optical adjustment module 32.
  • the third optical control signal is directly sent according to the fourth control instruction after receiving the fourth control instruction. To the first light adjustment module 32.
  • the second optical attenuator 122 is configured to: when the optical power is greater than an upper limit of the preset reasonable range, attenuate the optical signal emitted by the received laser 11 according to the third control instruction, so that the optical signal received by the photodetector 31 is received.
  • the optical power is within a predetermined reasonable range, and the attenuated optical signal is sent to the first optical adjustment module 32; and is further configured to directly send the received optical signal according to the fourth control instruction after receiving the fourth control instruction. To the first light adjustment module 32.
  • the second optical amplifier 121 and the second optical attenuator 122 provided in the present application have the same principle as the first optical amplifier 321 and the first optical attenuator 322, and the second optical amplifier 121 and the second.
  • the optical attenuator 122 refer to the detailed description of the first optical amplifier 321 and the first optical attenuator 322, and the present invention will not be described herein.
  • the transmitting end 1 further comprises a collimator 13;
  • the controller 2 is further configured to generate and send the fifth control finger when the optical power is not within a reasonable range. Order; otherwise, generate and send a sixth control instruction;
  • the collimator 13 is configured to receive and adjust the focus of the optical control signal according to the fifth control instruction to adjust the divergence angle of the optical signal sent by the second optical adjustment module 12, so that the optical power is within a predetermined reasonable range, and
  • the adjusted optical signal is sent to the first light adjustment module 32; and is further configured to directly transmit the received optical signal to the first light adjustment module 32 according to the sixth control instruction after receiving the sixth control instruction.
  • the present application also sets a collimator 13 at the transmitting end 1, which collimates
  • the device 13 receives the sixth control command sent by the controller 2, and adjusts the position of the focus of the light according to the control command (to make the light propagate along a straight line as much as possible) to further adjust the divergence angle of the optical signal, and finally the photodetector
  • the optical power of the received optical signal is within a predetermined reasonable range.
  • the size of the divergence angle can be changed according to the actual situation.
  • the present invention is not particularly limited herein, and the object of the present invention can be achieved.
  • the receiving end 3 further comprises a wavefront detector 33, the first input of the wavefront detector 33 being connected to the output of the first optical amplifier 321 and the second input being coupled to the output of the first optical attenuator 322
  • the output terminal is connected to the input end of the photodetector 31.
  • the wavefront detector 33 is configured to shape the received optical signal and transmit the shaped optical signal to the photodetector 31.
  • the wavefront detector 33 can perform shaping processing on the received optical signal, for example, can deal with situations such as intensity flicker, random beam deflection, and wavefront malformation, thereby reducing atmospheric turbulence and other optical signals in space. Interference when propagating.
  • the receiving end 3 further includes an acquisition module 34 and an adjustment module 35, wherein:
  • the acquisition module 34 is configured to collect environmental parameters, and send the environmental parameters to the controller 2;
  • the controller 2 is further configured to receive an environmental parameter, generate and send a seventh control according to the environmental parameter instruction;
  • the adjusting module 35 is configured to receive the seventh control command, and adjust the relative height and the relative pitch angle of the receiving end 3 and the transmitting end 1 according to the seventh control instruction.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a relative height and a relative elevation angle of a transmitting end and a receiving end according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a relative height and relative of a transmitting end and a receiving end provided by the present invention. Schematic diagram of the elevation angle adjustment.
  • the collecting module 34 provided in the present application sends the environmental parameter to the controller 2 by collecting environmental parameters, and the adjusting module 35 transmits the transmitting terminal 1 according to the seventh control command sent by the controller 2.
  • the relative height of the receiving end 3 and the relative pitch angle are adjusted such that the lens of the transmitting end 1 or the lens of the receiving end 3 is protected from sunlight or rain and snow to reduce the optical power of the optical signal received by the photodetector 31. influences.
  • the environmental parameter comprises a combination of one or more of temperature, humidity or sunlight.
  • the environmental parameters are not limited to these types, and may include other types of parameters.
  • the present invention is not limited thereto, and the object of the present invention can be achieved.
  • any of the first optical amplifiers 321 described above is an erbium doped fiber amplifier or a semiconductor amplifier.
  • any one of the above second optical amplifiers 121 is an erbium doped fiber amplifier or a semiconductor amplifier.
  • the first optical attenuator 322 is a thin film type optical attenuator.
  • the second optical attenuator 122 is a thin film type optical attenuator.
  • the first optical attenuator 322 and the second optical attenuator 122 can be not only a thin film type optical attenuator but also other types of optical attenuators, such as an attenuator type optical attenuator, and the present invention does not specialize here.
  • the object of the present invention can be achieved by definition.
  • controller 2 may control one or more of the first light adjustment module 31, the second light adjustment module 12, the collimator lens 13, and the wavefront detector 33 to emit the laser.
  • the light signal is adjusted.
  • the FSO communication system provided by the invention can monitor the surrounding environment and the distance between the transmitting end and the receiving end in real time, and the FSO communication system dynamically responds to the optical power of the optical signal emitted by the laser.
  • the divergence angle, the disturbed optical signal, the elevation angle of the transmitting end and the receiving end are automatically adjusted, so that it has an all-weather adaptive adjustment capability to ensure the effectiveness of FSO communication.

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Abstract

一种FSO通信系统，该系统包括激光器，用于发射光信号；光探测器，用于接收经过第一光调节模块的光信号；控制器，用于采集并依据光探测器接收到的光信号得到光探测器接收到的光信号的光功率，并依据光功率生成并发送相应的控制指令；第一光调节模块，用于接收控制指令及激光器发射的光信号，并依据控制指令调节激光器发射的光信号以使光探测器接收到的光信号的光功率在预设合理范围内，并将调节后的光信号发送至光探测器。该系统可以对激光器发射的光信号进行调节，以使光探测器接收到的光信号的光功率在预设合理范围内，以应对复杂多变的外界环境，使FSO通信更加稳定。

Description

一种FSO通信系统
本申请要求于2016年11月28日提交至中国专利局、申请号为201611075012.6、发明名称为“一种FSO通信系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及FSO通信领域，特别是涉及一种FSO通信系统。
背景技术
随着大数据、云计算以及物联网等各种网络应用的发展，网络通信带宽的需求越来越大，尤其是移动无线通信带宽的需求，更呈现出爆发式增长的趋势。FSO(Free Space Optic，自由空间光通信)作为一种新型无线通信方式，结合了光纤通信与微波通信的优点，具有通信宽带大、无电磁干扰、频谱不受限等优点，可以满足高速无线通信的需求。
FSO是一种视距范围内的点对点通信，其发射端以较小的发散角向接收端发射光信号，只有当FSO接收端的镜头位于发射光斑范围内且接收到的光信号的光功率足以使光探测器等元件恢复出有效的数据信号时，才能正常完成信号的接收。由于FSO一般多用于户外无线通信，并且光信号在大气的传输过程中容易受到天气、户外环境等因素的影响，光信号在传输的过程中面临着较大的衰减和散射，使光信号的光功率减小。例如，在同样的发射角和发射功率下，天气晴朗时FSO的有效通信距离能达到数公里，而在浓雾等情况下，FSO的有效通信距离可能不足百米。
现有技术中，FSO通信系统发射的光信号的光功率是固定不变的，难以应对复杂天气状况等自然环境的变化，缺乏自适应调节能力，不能保障FSO的稳定通信。
因此，如何提供一种解决上述技术问题的FSO通信系统是本领域的技术人员目前需要解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种FSO通信系统，在使用过程可以对激光器发射的光信号进行调节，以使光探测器接收到的光信号的光功率在预设合理范围内，以应对复杂多变的外界环境，使FSO通信更加稳定。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种FSO通信系统，所述系统包括发射端、控制器和接收端，所述发射端包括激光器，所述接收端包括光探测器和第一光调节模块，其中：
所述激光器，用于发射光信号；
所述光探测器，用于接收经过所述第一光调节模块的光信号；
所述控制器，用于采集并依据所述光探测器接收到的光信号得到所述光探测器接收到的光信号的光功率，并依据所述光功率生成并发送相应的控制指令；
所述第一光调节模块，用于接收所述控制指令及所述激光器发射的光信号，并依据所述控制指令调节所述激光器发射的光信号以使所述光探测器接收到的光信号的光功率在预设合理范围内，并将调节后的光信号发送至所述光探测器。
优选的，依据所述光功率生成并发送相应的控制指令的过程为：
当所述光功率不在所述预设合理范围内时，则生成并发送第一控制指令；否则，生成并发送第二控制指令；
则所述第一光调节模块具体用于当接收到所述第一控制指令后，对接收到的所述激光器发射的光信号进行调节，以使所述光探测器接收到的光信号的光功率在预设合理范围内，并将调节后的光信号发送至所述光探测器；还用于当接收到第二控制指令后，直接将接收到的光信号发送至所述光探测器。
优选的，所述第一光调节模块包括：
第一光放大器，用于当所述的光功率小于所述预设合理范围的下限时，依据所述第一控制指令对接收到的所述激光器发射的光信号进行放大，以使放大后的光信号的光功率在所述预设合理范围内，并将所述放大后的光信号发送至所述光探测器；还用于当接收所述第二控制指令后，依据所述 第二控制指令直接将接收到的光信号发送至所述光探测器；
第一光衰减器，用于当所述光功率大于所述预设合理范围的上限时，依据所述第一控制指令对接收到的所述激光器发射的光信号进行衰减，以使衰减后的光信号的光功率在所述预设合理范围内，并将所述衰减后的光信号发送至所述光探测器；还用于当接收到所述第二控制指令后，依据所述第二控制指令直接将接收到的光信号发送至所述光探测器。
优选的，所述发射端还包括第二光调节模块；
所述控制器，还用于当所述光探测器接收到的光信号的光功率不在所述合理范围内时，生成并发送第三控制指令；否则，生成并发送第四控制指令；
所述第二光调节模块，用于当接收到所述第三控制指令后，依据所述第三控制指令对接收到的所述激光器发射的光信号进行调节，以使所述光探测器接收到的光信号的光功率在所述预设合理范围内，并将调节后的光信号发送至所述第一光调节模块；还用于当接收到所述第四控制指令后，直接将接收到的光信号发送至所述第一光调节模块。
优选的，所述第二光调节模块包括：
第二光放大器，用于当所述光功率小于所述预设合理范围的下限时，依据所述第三控制指令对接收到的所述激光器发射的光信号进行放大，以使所述光探测器接收到的光信号的光功率在所述预设合理范围内，并将放大后的光信号发送至所述第一光调节模块；还用于当接收到所述第四控制指令后，依据所述第四控制指令直接将接收到的光信号发送至所述第一光调节模块；
第二光衰减器，用于当所述光功率大于所述预设合理范围的上限时，依据所述第三控制指令对接收到的所述激光器发射的光信号进行衰减，以使所述光探测器接收到的光信号的光功率在所述预设合理范围内，并将衰减后的光信号发送至所述第一光调节模块；还用于当接收所述第四控制指令后，依据所述第四控制指令直接将接收到的光信号发送至所述第一光调节模块。
优选的，所述发射端还包括准直器；
所述控制器还用于当所述光功率不在所述合理范围内时生成并发送第五控制指令；否则，生成并发送第六控制指令；
所述准直器，用于接收并依据所述第五控制指令对自身的焦点进行调节以对所述第二光调节模块发送的光信号的发散角进行调节，以使所述光功率在所述预设合理范围内，并将调节后的光信号发送至所述第一光调节模块；还用于当接收到所述第六控制指令后，依据所述第六控制指令直接将接收到的光信号发射至所述第一光调节模块。
优选的，所述接收端还包括波前探测器，所述波前探测器的第一输入端与所述第一光放大器的输出端连接，其第二输入端与所述第一光衰减器的输出端连接，其输出端与所述光探测器的输入端连接，所述波前探测器用于对接收到的光信号进行整形处理，并将整形处理后的光信号发送至所述光探测器。
优选的，所述接收端还包括采集模块和调整模块，其中：
所述采集模块，用于采集环境参数，并将所述环境参数发送至所述控制器；
所述控制器，还用于接收所述环境参数，依据所述环境参数生成并发送第七控制指令；
所述调整模块，用于接收所述第七控制指令，并依据所述第七控制指令调整所述接收端与所述发射端的相对高度及相对俯仰角。
优选的，所述环境参数包括温度、湿度或太阳光中的一种或多种的组合。
优选的，如上述任一项所述的第一光放大器为掺铒光纤放大器或半导体放大器。
优选的，如上述任一项所述的第二光放大器为掺铒光纤放大器或半导体放大器。
优选的，所述第一光衰减器为薄膜型光衰减器。
优选的，所述第二光衰减器为薄膜型光衰减器。
本发明提供了一种FSO通信系统，该系统包括发射端、控制器和接收端，发射端包括激光器，接收端包括光探测器和第一光调节模块，其中： 激光器，用于发射光信号；光探测器，用于接收经过第一光调节模块的光信号；控制器，用于采集并依据光探测器接收到的光信号得到光探测器接收到的光信号的光功率，并依据光功率生成并发送相应的控制指令；第一光调节模块，用于接收控制指令及激光器发射的光信号，并依据控制指令调节激光器发射的光信号以使光探测器接收到的光信号的光功率在预设合理范围内，并将调节后的光信号发送至光探测器。
通过控制器采集光探测器接收到的光信号，并依据光探测器接收到的光信号的光功率生成相应的控制指令以便第一光调节模块依据该控制指令对激光器发射的光信号进行调节，以使光探测器接收到的光信号的光功率在预设合理范围内，使光探测器正常恢复出有效的数据信号，正常地完成信号接收。当因环境变化造成光探测器接收到的光信号的光功率不在预设合理范围内时，本发明所提供的FSO通信系统，可以对激光器发射的光信号进行调节，以使光探测器接收到的光信号的光功率在预设合理范围内，以应对复杂多变的外界环境，使FSO通信更加稳定。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据提供的附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明提供的一种FSO通信系统的结构示意图；
图2为本发明提供的另一种FSO通信系统的结构示意图；
图3为本发明提供的一种发射端和接收端相对高度和相对俯仰角调节前的示意图；
图4本发明提供的一种发射端和接收端相对高度和相对俯仰角调节后的示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明的核心是提供一种FSO通信系统，在使用过程可以根据需要对 光探测器接收到的光信号的光功率进行自适应调节，以应对复杂多变的外界环境，使FSO通信更加稳定。
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例一
请参照图1，图1为本发明提供的一种FSO通信系统的结构示意图。
该系统包括发射端1、控制器2和接收端3，发射端1包括激光器11，接收端3包括光探测器31和第一光调节模块32，其中：
激光器11，用于发射光信号；
光探测器31，用于接收经过第一光调节模块32的光信号；
控制器2，用于采集并依据光探测器31接收到的光信号得到光探测器31接收到的光信号的光功率，并依据光功率生成并发送相应的控制指令；
第一光调节模块32，用于接收控制指令及激光器11发射的光信号，并依据控制指令调节激光器11发射的光信号以使光探测器31接收到的光信号的光功率在预设合理范围内，并将调节后的光信号发送至光探测器31。
需要说明的是，接收端3的光探测器31所接收到的光信号的光功率的大小对有效数据信号的恢复有着举足轻重的作用，当光功率过强时会导致光探测器31不能区分1/0信号，当光功率过弱时会导致光探测器31不能探测到有效的数据信号，所以只有当光探测器31接收到的光信号的光功率在预设合理范围内时才能使光探测器31正常恢复出有效的数据信号，以便正常地完成信号的接收。当然，多种因素会使光探测器31接收到的光信号的光功率不满足条件，比如光功率会随着发射端1和接收端3之间的距离而变化，会受到天气因素(雾霾、雨雪等)、大气湍流等因素的影响，本申请中的FSO通信系统是当因环境变化造成光探测器31接收到的光信号的 光功率不在预设合理范围内时，通过该系统可以对激光器11发射的光信号进行调节，以使光探测器31接收到的光信号的光功率在预设合理范围内，以便在多变的环境下也能正常工作。
具体的，发射端1中的激光器11发射光信号，该光信号经过第一光调节模块32后发送至光探测器31，由于只有当光探测器31接收到的光信号的光功率在预设合理范围内时才能使光探测器31正常恢复出有效的数据信号，以便正常地完成信号的接收，所以本申请提供了控制器2，以采集光探测器31接收到的光信号，并根据该光信号得到该光信号对应的光功率，依据所得到的光功率生成相应的控制指令，并将该控制指令发送至第一光调节模块32，第一光调节模块32根据接收到的控制指令对接收到的光信号(也即激光器11发射的光信号)进行调节，以便光探测器31接收到的光信号的光功率在预设合理范围内。
具体的，在实际应用中进行调节时，可能通过一次性调节就使光探测器31接收到的光信号的光功率在预设合理范围内，也可能通过多次调节才使光探测器31接收到的光信号的光功率在预设合理范围内，例如：控制器2采集光探测器31接收到的光信号后根据该光信号的光功率控制第一光调剂模块对接收到的光信号进行调节，将调节后的光信号发送至光探测器31，然后控制器2对光探测器31所接收的光信号进行再次采集，依次循环控制第一光调节模块32对其接收到的光信号进行调节，直至光探测器31所接收到的光信号的光功率在预设合理范围内。
需要说明的是，本申请中光功率的预设合理范围可以根据实际情况而定，本发明在此不做特殊的限定，能实现本发明的目的即可。
本发明提供了一种FSO通信系统，该系统包括发射端、控制器和接收端，发射端包括激光器，接收端包括光探测器和第一光调节模块，其中：激光器，用于发射光信号；光探测器，用于接收经过第一光调节模块的光信号；控制器，用于采集并依据光探测器接收到的光信号得到光探测器接收到的光信号的光功率，并依据光功率生成并发送相应的控制指令；第一光调节模块，用于接收控制指令及激光器发射的光信号，并依据控制指令调节激光器发射的光信号以使光探测器接收到的光信号的光功率在预设合 理范围内，并将调节后的光信号发送至光探测器。
通过控制器采集光探测器接收到的光信号，并依据光探测器接收到的光信号的光功率生成相应的控制指令以便第一光调节模块依据该控制指令对激光器发射的光信号进行调节，以使光探测器接收到的光信号的光功率在预设合理范围内，使光探测器正常恢复出有效的数据信号，正常地完成信号接收。当因环境变化造成光探测器接收到的光信号的光功率不在预设合理范围内时，本发明所提供的FSO通信系统，可以对激光器发射出的光信号进行调节，以使光探测器接收到的光信号的光功率在预设合理范围内，以应对复杂多变的外界环境，使FSO通信更加稳定。
实施例二
请参照图2，图2为本发明提供的另一种FSO通信系统的结构示意图，在实施例一的基础上：
作为优选的，依据光功率生成并发送相应的控制指令的过程为：
当光功率不在预设合理范围内时，则生成并发送第一控制指令；否则，生成并发送第二控制指令；
则第一光调节模块32具体用于当接收到第一控制指令后，对接收到的激光器11发射的光信号进行调节，以使光探测器31接收到的光信号的光功率在预设合理范围内，并将调节后的光信号发送至光探测器31；还用于当接收到第二控制指令后，直接将接收到的光信号发送至光探测器31。
需要说明的是，控制器2所得到的光探测器31接收到的光信号的光功率存在两种情况，一种是该光功率不在预设合理范围内，另一种是光功率在预设合理范围内。
对于第一种情况，需要第一光调节模块32对其接收到的光信号进行调节，此时控制器2依据该光功率生成第一控制指令，并将第一控制指令发送至第一光调节模块32，第一光调节模块32接收到第一控制指令后依据该控制指令对其接收到的光信号进行相应的调节，最终使光探测器31接收到的光信号的光功率在预设合理范围内。
具体的，当光功率过大时，第一控制指令为衰减指令，第一光调节模 块32依据第一控制指令对接收到的光信号进行相应的衰减，以使光探测器31接收到的光信号的光功率减小至预设合理范围内；当光功率过小时，第一控制指令为放大指令，第一光调节模块32依据第一控制指令对其接收到的光信号进行相应的放大，使光探测器31接收到的光信号的光功率增加至预设合理范围内。
对于另一种情况，即光功率在预设合理范围内时则不需要对第一光调节模块32其接收到的光信号进行调节，控制器2依据该光功率生成第二控制指令，并将第二控制指令发送至第一光调节模块32，第一光调节模块32接收到第二控制指令后，依据该指令直接将接收到的光信号发送至光探测器31。
可见，当天气变化或发射端1与接收端3距离变化造成接收端3的光探测器31接收到的光信号的光功率不在预设合理范围内时，可以通过第一光调节模块32对其接收到的光信号进行调节，以使光探测器31接收到的光信号的光功率在预设合理范围内。
作为优选的，第一光调节模块32包括：
第一光放大器321，用于当的光功率小于预设合理范围的下限时，依据第一控制指令对接收到的激光器11发射的光信号进行放大，以使放大后的光信号的光功率在预设合理范围内，并将放大后的光信号发送至光探测器31；还用于当接收第二控制指令后，依据第二控制指令直接将接收到的光信号发送至光探测器31。
具体的，当光探测器31接收到的光信号的光功率过小时，即小于预设合理范围的下限时，第一光放大器321接收第一控制指令(即放大指令)，并依据该控制指令对其接收到的光信号进行相应的放大，将放大后的光信号发送至光探测器31，以使光探测器31接收到的光信号的光功率在预设合理范围内，例如此时光功率为100，光功率的预设合理范围为500-1000，则第一控制指令可以控制第一光放大器321对其接收到的光信号进行放大调节，使该光信号的光功率放大6倍，以使光探测器31接收到的光信号的的光功率在预设合理范围内。
第一光衰减器322，用于当光功率大于预设合理范围的上限时，依据 第一控制指令对接收到的激光器11发射的光信号进行衰减，以使衰减后的光信号的光功率在预设合理范围内，并将衰减后的光信号发送至光探测器31；还用于当接收到第二控制指令后，依据第二控制指令直接将接收到的光信号发送至光探测器31。
具体的，当光探测器31接收到的光信号的光功率过大时，即大于预设合理范围的上限时，第一光衰减器322接收第一控制指令(即衰减指令)，并依据该控制指令对其接收到的光信号进行相应的衰减，将衰减后的光信号发送至光探测器31，以使光探测器31接收到的光信号的光功率在预设合理范围内，例如此时光功率为2000，光功率的预设合理范围为为500-1000，则第一控制指令可以控制第一光衰减器322对其接收到到的光信号进行衰减调节，使该光信号的光功率衰减3倍，以使光探测器31接收到的光信号的光功率在预设合理范围内。
可以理解的是，当光探测器31接收到的光信号的光功率在预设合理范围内时，既可以通过第一光放大器321将激光器11发射的光信号发送至光探测器31，也可以通过第一光衰减器322将激光器11发射的光信号发送至光探测器31。当第一光放大器321接收到第二控制指令时，依据第二控制指令调节第一光放大器321使其放大倍数为1，即可将接收到的光信号直接发送至光探测器31；当第一光衰减器322接收到第二控制指令时，依据第二控制指令调节第一光衰减器322使其衰减倍数为1，即可将接收到的光信号直接发送至光探测器31。
由于多种因素会使光探测器31接收到的光信号的光功率不在预设合理范围内，当天气变化或者发射端1和接收端3距离变化时，接收端3的第一光调节模块32可以通过调节其接收到的光信号的光功率以使光探测器31接收到的光信号的光功率在预设合理范围内，从而保证发送端和接收端3具有良好的通信状态。
具体的，例如光探测器31接收到的光信号的光功率会随着发射端1和接收端3之间的距离而变化，当发射端1与接收端3的距离较远时，接收端3的光探测器31接收到的光信号的光功率较低(即小于预设合理范围的下限)，则需要控制器控制第一光放大器321对第一光放大器321接收到 的光信号进行放大，如果此时发射端1和接收端3两者的距离减小(即相互靠近)，则光探测器31接收到的光信号的光功率增大，在对第一光放大器321接收到的光信号进行调节时，可控制第一光放大器321使其相应的减小自身的放大倍数即可使光探测器31接收到的光信号的光功率在预设合理范围内，如果发射端1和接收端3继续相互靠近，光探测器31接收到的光信号的光功率继续增大，如果当第一光放大器321的放大倍数减小为1的时候光探测器31接收到的光信号的光功率仍旧大于预设合理范围的上限，此时将第一光调节模块32切换至第一光衰减器322，使第一光衰减器322对其接收到的光信号进行相应的衰减调节，以使光探测器31接收到的光信号的光功率在预设合理范围内。反之，当发射端1与接收端3相互远离时，即光探测器31接收到的光信号的光功率由大于预设合理范围的上限逐渐变化至小于预设合理范围的下限时，对第一光调节模块32接收到的光信号的调节可由第一光衰减器322切换至第一光放大器321。
作为优选的，发射端1还包括第二光调节模块12；
控制器2，还用于当光探测器31接收到的光信号的光功率不在合理范围内时，生成并发送第三控制指令；否则，生成并发送第四控制指令；
第二光调节模块12，用于当接收到第三控制指令后，依据第三控制指令对接收到的激光器11发射的光信号进行调节，以使光探测器31接收到的光信号的光功率在预设合理范围内，并将调节后的光信号发送至第一光调节模块32；还用于当接收到第四控制指令后，直接将接收到的光信号发送至第一光调节模块32。
需要说明的是，不仅可以通过接收端3的第一光调节模块32对激光器11发射的光信号进行调节，还可以通过发射端1的第二光调节模块12对激光器11发射的光信号进行调节，使光探测器31接收到的光信号的光功率在预设合理范围内。
具体的，当光探测器31接收到的光信号的光功率不在预设合理范围内时，控制器2依据该光功率生成第三控制指令，并将第三控制指令发送至第二光调节模块12。当光功率过小(即小于预设合理范围的下限)时，第三控制指令为放大指令，控制第二光调节模块12对其接收到的激光器11 发射的光信号进行相应的放大，以使光探测器31接收到的光信号的光功率在预设合理范围内；当光功率过大(即大于预设合理范围的上限)时，第三控制指令为衰减指令，控制第二光调节模块12对其接收到的激光器11发射的光信号进行相应的衰减，以使光探测器31接收到的光信号的光功率在预设合理范围内。
当光探测器31接收到的光信号的光功率在预设合理范围内时，控制器2依据该光功率生成第四控制指令，第二光调节模块12接收第四控制指令后，依据该控制指令直接将其接收到的光信号发送至第一光调节模块32。
可见，当天气变化或发射端1与接收端3距离变化造成接收端3的光探测器31接收到的光信号的光功率不在预设合理范围内时，还可以通过第二光调节模块12对其接收到的激光器发射的光信号进行调节，以使光探测器31接收到的光信号的光功率在预设合理范围内。
作为优选的，第二光调节模块12包括：
第二光放大器121，用于当光功率小于预设合理范围的下限时，依据第三控制指令对接收到的激光器11发射的光信号进行放大，以使光探测器31接收到的光信号的光功率在预设合理范围内，并将放大后的光信号发送至第一光调节模块32；还用于当接收到第四控制指令后，依据第四控制指令直接将接收到的光信号发送至第一光调节模块32。
第二光衰减器122，用于当光功率大于预设合理范围的上限时，依据第三控制指令对接收到的激光器11发射的光信号进行衰减，以使光探测器31接收到的光信号的光功率在预设合理范围内，并将衰减后的光信号发送至第一光调节模块32；还用于当接收第四控制指令后，依据第四控制指令直接将接收到的光信号发送至第一光调节模块32。
需要说明的是，本申请中所提供的第二光放大器121和第二光衰减器122与上述第一光放大器321和第一光衰减器322的原理相同，对第二光放大器121和第二光衰减器122的详细说明请对应参照上述第一光放大器321和第一光衰减器322的详细说明，本发明在此不再赘述。
作为优选的，发射端1还包括准直器13；
控制器2还用于当光功率不在合理范围内时生成并发送第五控制指 令；否则，生成并发送第六控制指令；
准直器13，用于接收并依据第五控制指令对自身的焦点进行调节以对第二光调节模块12发送的光信号的发散角进行调节，以使光功率在预设合理范围内，并将调节后的光信号发送至第一光调节模块32；还用于当接收到第六控制指令后，依据第六控制指令直接将接收到的光信号发射至第一光调节模块32。
需要说明的是，由于激光器发射的光信号的发散角的大小也影响着光探测器31接收到的光信号的光功率，所以本申请还在发射端1设置一个准直器13，该准直器13接收控制器2发送的第六控制指令，并依据该控制指令相应的调节自身焦点的位置(尽量使光沿直线传播)，以进一步调节光信号的发散角的大小，最终使光探测器31接收到的光信号的光功率在预设合理范围内。在实际应用的过程中，可以根据实际情况来改变发散角的大小。
当然，不仅限于通过准直器13调节光信号的发散角，还可以通过其他器件调节光信号的发散角，本发明在此不做特殊的限定，能实现本发明的目的即可。
作为优选的，接收端3还包括波前探测器33，波前探测器33的第一输入端与第一光放大器321的输出端连接，其第二输入端与第一光衰减器322的输出端连接，其输出端与光探测器31的输入端连接，波前探测器33用于对接收到的光信号进行整形处理，并将整形处理后的光信号发送至光探测器31。
需要说明的是，波前探测器33可以对接收到的光信号进行整形处理，例如可以对光强闪烁、光束随机偏转和波前畸形等情况进行处理，降低了大气湍流等对光信号在空间传播时的干扰。
当然，还可以用其他器件代替波前探测器33，本发明在此不做特殊的限定，能实现本发明的目的即可。
作为优选的，接收端3还包括采集模块34和调整模块35，其中：
采集模块34，用于采集环境参数，并将环境参数发送至控制器2；
控制器2，还用于接收环境参数，依据环境参数生成并发送第七控制 指令；
调整模块35，用于接收第七控制指令，并依据第七控制指令调整接收端3与发射端1的相对高度及相对俯仰角。
请参照图3和图4，图3为本发明提供的一种发射端和接收端相对高度和相对俯仰角调节前的示意图，图4本发明提供的一种发射端和接收端相对高度和相对俯仰角调节后的示意图。
需要说明的是，由于阳光对发射端1或接收端3的镜头的直射或雨雪等对发射端1或接收端3的镜头的冲刷也会对接收端3的光探测器31接收到的光信号的光功率造成影响，所以本申请中所提供的采集模块34通过采集环境参数，将该环境参数发送至控制器2，调整模块35依据控制器2发送的第七控制指令对发射端1和接收端3的相对高度和相对俯仰角进行调节，使发射端1的镜头或者接收端3的镜头避开阳光或雨雪，以减少对光探测器31接收到的光信号的光功率带来的影响。
作为优选的，环境参数包括温度、湿度或太阳光中的一种或多种的组合。
当然，环境参数不仅限于这几种，还可以包括其他类型的参数，本发明在此不做特殊的限定，能实现本发明的目的即可。
作为优选的，上述任一项第一光放大器321为掺铒光纤放大器或半导体放大器。
作为优选的，上述任一项第二光放大器121为掺铒光纤放大器或半导体放大器。
作为优选的，第一光衰减器322为薄膜型光衰减器。
作为优选的，第二光衰减器122为薄膜型光衰减器。
当然，第一光衰减器322和第二光衰减器122均不仅可以为薄膜型光衰减器还可以为其他类型的光衰减器，例如衰减片型光衰减器，本发明在此不做特殊的限定，能实现本发明的目的即可。
需要说明的是，本申请中所提供的控制器2可以控制第一光调节模块31、第二光调节模块12、准直镜13和波前探测器33中的一个或者多个来对激光器发射的光信号进行调节。
本发明所提供的FSO通信系统可以全天候的对周围的环境、以及发射端和接收端的距离等因素进行实时监测，一旦发现变化，FSO通信系统会相应动态的对激光器发射的光信号的光功率、发散角、受干扰的光信号、发射端和接收端的俯仰角进行自动调节，使其具备全天候自适应调节能力，保证FSO通信的有效性。
还需要说明的是，在本说明书中，诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其他实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种FSO通信系统，其特征在于，所述系统包括发射端、控制器和接收端，所述发射端包括激光器，所述接收端包括光探测器和第一光调节模块，其中：
    所述激光器，用于发射光信号；
    所述光探测器，用于接收经过所述第一光调节模块的光信号；
    所述控制器，用于采集并依据所述光探测器接收到的光信号得到所述光探测器接收到的光信号的光功率，并依据所述光功率生成并发送相应的控制指令；
    所述第一光调节模块，用于接收所述控制指令及所述激光器发射的光信号，并依据所述控制指令调节所述激光器发射的光信号以使所述光探测器接收到的光信号的光功率在预设合理范围内，并将调节后的光信号发送至所述光探测器。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的FSO通信系统，其特征在于，依据所述光功率生成并发送相应的控制指令的过程为：
    当所述光功率不在所述预设合理范围内时，则生成并发送第一控制指令；否则，生成并发送第二控制指令；
    则所述第一光调节模块具体用于当接收到所述第一控制指令后，对接收到的所述激光器发射的光信号进行调节，以使所述光探测器接收到的光信号的光功率在预设合理范围内，并将调节后的光信号发送至所述光探测器；还用于当接收到第二控制指令后，直接将接收到的光信号发送至所述光探测器。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的FSO通信系统，其特征在于，所述第一光调节模块包括：
    第一光放大器，用于当所述的光功率小于所述预设合理范围的下限时，依据所述第一控制指令对接收到的所述激光器发射的光信号进行放大，以使放大后的光信号的光功率在所述预设合理范围内，并将所述放大后的光信号发送至所述光探测器；还用于当接收所述第二控制指令后，依据所述第二控制指令直接将接收到的光信号发送至所述光探测器；
    第一光衰减器，用于当所述光功率大于所述预设合理范围的上限时，依据所述第一控制指令对接收到的所述激光器发射的光信号进行衰减，以使衰减后的光信号的光功率在所述预设合理范围内，并将所述衰减后的光信号发送至所述光探测器；还用于当接收到所述第二控制指令后，依据所述第二控制指令直接将接收到的光信号发送至所述光探测器。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的FSO通信系统，其特征在于，所述发射端还包括第二光调节模块；
    所述控制器，还用于当所述光探测器接收到的光信号的光功率不在所述合理范围内时，生成并发送第三控制指令；否则，生成并发送第四控制指令；
    所述第二光调节模块，用于当接收到所述第三控制指令后，依据所述第三控制指令对接收到的所述激光器发射的光信号进行调节，以使所述光探测器接收到的光信号的光功率在所述预设合理范围内，并将调节后的光信号发送至所述第一光调节模块；还用于当接收到所述第四控制指令后，直接将接收到的光信号发送至所述第一光调节模块。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的FSO通信系统，其特征在于，所述第二光调节模块包括：
    第二光放大器，用于当所述光功率小于所述预设合理范围的下限时，依据所述第三控制指令对接收到的所述激光器发射的光信号进行放大，以使所述光探测器接收到的光信号的光功率在所述预设合理范围内，并将放大后的光信号发送至所述第一光调节模块；还用于当接收到所述第四控制指令后，依据所述第四控制指令直接将接收到的光信号发送至所述第一光调节模块；
    第二光衰减器，用于当所述光功率大于所述预设合理范围的上限时，依据所述第三控制指令对接收到的所述激光器发射的光信号进行衰减，以使所述光探测器接收到的光信号的光功率在所述预设合理范围内，并将衰减后的光信号发送至所述第一光调节模块；还用于当接收所述第四控制指令后，依据所述第四控制指令直接将接收到的光信号发送至所述第一光调节模块。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的FSO通信系统，其特征在于，所述发射端还包括准直器；
    所述控制器还用于当所述光功率不在所述合理范围内时生成并发送第五控制指令；否则，生成并发送第六控制指令；
    所述准直器，用于接收并依据所述第五控制指令对自身的焦点进行调节以对所述第二光调节模块发送的光信号的发散角进行调节，以使所述光功率在所述预设合理范围内，并将调节后的光信号发送至所述第一光调节模块；还用于当接收到所述第六控制指令后，依据所述第六控制指令直接将接收到的光信号发射至所述第一光调节模块。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的FSO通信系统，其特征在于，所述接收端还包括波前探测器，所述波前探测器的第一输入端与所述第一光放大器的输出端连接，其第二输入端与所述第一光衰减器的输出端连接，其输出端与所述光探测器的输入端连接，所述波前探测器用于对接收到的光信号进行整形处理，并将整形处理后的光信号发送至所述光探测器。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的FSO通信系统，其特征在于，所述接收端还包括采集模块和调整模块，其中：
    所述采集模块，用于采集环境参数，并将所述环境参数发送至所述控制器；
    所述控制器，还用于接收所述环境参数，依据所述环境参数生成并发送第七控制指令；
    所述调整模块，用于接收所述第七控制指令，并依据所述第七控制指令调整所述接收端与所述发射端的相对高度及相对俯仰角。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的FSO通信系统，其特征在于，所述环境参数包括温度、湿度或太阳光中的一种或多种的组合。
  10. 根据权利要求3-9任一项所述的FSO通信系统，其特征在于，所述第一光放大器为掺铒光纤放大器或半导体放大器。
  11. 根据权利要求5-9任一项所述的FSO通信系统，其特征在于，所述第二光放大器为掺铒光纤放大器或半导体放大器。
  12. 根据权利要求3所述的FSO通信系统，其特征在于，所述第一光 衰减器为薄膜型光衰减器。
  13. 根据权利要求5所述的FSO通信系统，其特征在于，所述第二光衰减器为薄膜型光衰减器。
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