WO2018094868A1 - 一种充电链路的情况的实时监测的方法和设备 - Google Patents

一种充电链路的情况的实时监测的方法和设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018094868A1
WO2018094868A1 PCT/CN2017/071767 CN2017071767W WO2018094868A1 WO 2018094868 A1 WO2018094868 A1 WO 2018094868A1 CN 2017071767 W CN2017071767 W CN 2017071767W WO 2018094868 A1 WO2018094868 A1 WO 2018094868A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
charging
terminal
current value
current
link
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PCT/CN2017/071767
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘武剑
陈俊涛
陈伟
王进锋
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
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Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to CN201780061830.7A priority Critical patent/CN109792156A/zh
Publication of WO2018094868A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018094868A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of charging technologies, and in particular, to a method and an apparatus for real-time monitoring of a charging link.
  • Lithium battery, nickel battery and lead acid battery are three kinds of batteries commonly used in current charging technology.
  • lithium battery has the characteristics of high unit operating voltage, small volume, light weight, high capacity density, recyclability and long life. It is usually used in electronic products as a power supply battery.
  • a charging cable is connected between the charging adapter and the terminal, and then the charging adapter is inserted into the socket to complete charging of the lithium battery in the terminal. After the battery is fully charged, the lithium battery can supply power to the terminal. .
  • the charging adapter, charging cable and lithium battery are all reusable accessories.
  • the charging adapter cycles to charge the lithium battery in the terminal, and the lithium battery recycles the terminal to supply power to ensure the operation of the terminal.
  • the charging adapter recycles the terminal to supply power to ensure the operation of the terminal.
  • due to improper operation of the user such as long-term charging of the charger on the socket, the charger is always powered, and the charging adapter and the charging cable are not charged when charging).
  • the interface is kept in full contact, etc.) or the wire in the charging cable is aging, and the micro-short circuit is prone to occur in the charging link of the terminal and the charging adapter. If the micro-short circuit exists in the charging link for a long time, the wire in the charging cable may be burned. Moreover, other serious safety hazards are caused by the burning of the wire, and the prior art lacks monitoring of the micro short circuit in the charging link.
  • the invention provides a method and a device for real-time monitoring of a charging link.
  • the charging link can be monitored in real time, and the micro short circuit condition in the charging link is detected and processed in time to avoid potential safety hazards.
  • a first aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a method for real-time monitoring of a charging link, comprising: receiving, during receiving, a charging current transmitted by the charging adapter by a charging link with a charging adapter, receiving a first current value output by the charging adapter to the charging link by the charging adapter; the terminal detecting a second current value of a charging current received from the charging link; In a case where the difference between the first current value and the second current value is greater than a preset threshold, the terminal performs a security protection policy for the charging link.
  • the terminal can be, for example, a terminal such as a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, or a palmtop computer.
  • the terminal receives the first current value of the current output current sent by the charging adapter during the charging process, and simultaneously acquires the second current value of the current currently received by the terminal, and performs real-time monitoring on the charging link, which is normal.
  • the first current value of the current output current of the charging adapter coincides with the second current value of the current currently received by the terminal side, and the first current value is found if the detection error is found
  • the difference between the second current value is greater than a preset threshold, determining that a micro-short circuit occurs in the charging link between the charging adapter and the terminal, performing a security protection policy for the charging link, thereby implementing a charging link
  • the timely detection and treatment of micro-short-circuit conditions avoids potential safety hazards.
  • the terminal may receive, according to a communication connection with the charging adapter, a charging current that is sent by the charging adapter to the charging link by the charging adapter.
  • a current value wherein the communication connection is a communication connection established according to a specific communication protocol, and the communication connection is Data communication is performed between the charging adapter and the charging adapter.
  • the specific communication protocol is a USB-PD protocol
  • the interface adopted between the adapter and the terminal is a Type -C interface
  • the communication connection is a communication connection established through the CC1 or CC2 pin of the Type-C interface according to the USB-PD protocol.
  • the terminal if the terminal is to receive the The first current value, the terminal needs to convert the data transmission role into a data master role, that is, the first current value of the charging current that is received by the charging adapter and sent by the charging adapter to the charging link includes :
  • the terminal After the data role is converted, the terminal becomes the data master role in the data transmission role, and the current value request can be sent to the charging adapter to obtain the current value of the current actual output of the charging adapter.
  • the specific communication protocol is a communication protocol customized for the USB2.0 interface
  • the communication connection is according to the USB 2.0
  • a first communication pin of the interface establishes a communication connection with the charging adapter, wherein the first communication pin is one or more pins of the USB 2.0 interface for establishing the terminal and the
  • the communication connection between the charging adapters is defined by the communication protocol for the USB 2.0 interface.
  • the D-pin of the USB2.0 interface defined in the communication protocol for the USB2.0 interface is used to establish a communication connection between the terminal and the charging adapter, and the D-pin is the first communication pin, and the communication connection is The resulting communication connection is established via the D-pin of the USB 2.0 interface.
  • the specific communication protocol is a custom communication protocol, where the customized communication protocol is for a USB interface other than the USB interface.
  • Other charging interface customized communication protocol the communication connection being a communication connection with the charging adapter established according to a second communication pin defined by the custom communication protocol.
  • the second pin is one or more pins of a charging interface other than the USB interface, and is used to establish a communication connection between the terminal and the charging adapter, which is defined by the custom communication protocol.
  • the Lighting interface assuming that the ID0 pin of the Lighting interface is defined in the custom communication protocol of the Lighting interface to establish a communication connection between the terminal and the charging adapter, the ID0 pin is the second pin, and the communication connection is through the Lighting interface.
  • the ID0 pin establishes a communication connection with the charging adapter.
  • one or more pins may be added to the charging interface for establishing communication between the terminal and the charging adapter. connection.
  • the performing a security protection policy for the charging link includes: The charging adapter sends a stop power command; disconnects the charging connection with the charging adapter.
  • Disconnecting the charging connection between the terminal and the adapter effectively prevents the occurrence of a micro short circuit and avoids a safety hazard.
  • the terminal may notify the user of the terminal by using an audible alert, an interactive interface alert, or the like, so that the user can know the micro short circuit on the charging link and take certain measures (such as replacing Charging wire Wait).
  • a second aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a method for real-time monitoring of a charging link, including: a charging adapter transmitting a charging current to the terminal through a charging link with the terminal, to the Transmitting, by the terminal, a first current value of a charging current output to the charging link, the first current value being used for a second current value of a charging current at the same time received by the terminal from the charging link Comparing; the charging adapter receives a power-off command sent by the terminal when detecting that the difference between the first current value and the second current value at the same time is greater than a preset threshold; the charging adapter is configured according to The power stop command stops power supply to the terminal.
  • the charging adapter stops supplying power to the terminal when receiving the power supply stop command sent by the terminal, and stopping the power supply command is the first current value of the current that the terminal finds the current output of the charging adapter and the terminal actually receives the current current.
  • the difference between the second current value of the current is greater than a preset threshold, and the difference between the first current value and the second current value is greater than a preset threshold to indicate a charging chain between the charging adapter and the terminal.
  • a third aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a terminal.
  • the terminal includes:
  • a receiving module configured to receive a charging current that is sent by the charging adapter to the charging link by the charging adapter during receiving a charging current transmitted by the charging adapter through a charging link with the charging adapter First current value;
  • a detecting module configured to detect a second current value of the charging current received from the charging link
  • a security policy execution module configured to perform a security protection policy for the charging link if a difference between the first current value and the second current value at a same time is greater than a preset threshold.
  • a fourth aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a charging adapter, the charging adapter comprising:
  • a sending module configured to send, to the terminal, a first current value of a charging current output to the charging link in a process of transmitting a charging current to the terminal through a charging link with the terminal, where a current value for comparing with a second current value of a charging current at the same time received by the terminal from the charging link;
  • a stop instruction receiving module configured to receive a stop power supply instruction sent by the terminal when the difference between the first current value and the second current value at the same time is greater than a preset threshold
  • Stopping the power supply module for stopping power supply to the terminal according to the stop power supply command.
  • a fifth aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides another terminal, where the terminal includes a power chip, a charging interface, wherein the power chip is connected to the charging interface, and the charging interface is used to charge between the charging adapter and the charging adapter.
  • a step in a method of real-time monitoring of a charging link situation is provided.
  • a sixth aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides another charging adapter, the charging adapter including a power chip, a charging interface, wherein the power chip is connected to the charging interface, and the charging interface is used to communicate with the terminal
  • the charging link transmits a charging current to the terminal, and sends a first current value of the charging current output to the charging link to the terminal, where the power chip is used to implement a charging link provided by the second aspect above
  • the steps in the method of real-time monitoring of the situation are described by the second aspect above.
  • 1 is a realistic scene diagram of charging a charging adapter to a terminal
  • FIG. 2 is a simplified circuit diagram of a charging adapter for charging a terminal
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a method for real-time monitoring of a charging link in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a technical implementation of establishing a communication connection by using a USB-PD protocol in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 6 is a pin diagram of the Micro USB interface
  • FIG. 7 is a technical implementation architecture diagram of establishing a communication connection by using a communication protocol for a USB 2.0 interface in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 8 is a technical implementation architecture diagram of establishing a communication connection by using a custom communication protocol in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a pin diagram of the Lighting interface
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic flowchart diagram of a method for real-time monitoring of another charging link in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a charging adapter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of another terminal in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural view of another charging adapter in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a realistic scene diagram of charging a charging adapter to a terminal, where 1 is a terminal, and FIG. 1
  • the terminal is a mobile phone
  • 2 is a charging adapter
  • 3 is a charging link between the charging adapter and the terminal
  • the charging adapter charges the mobile phone through the charging link.
  • Figure 2 is a simplified circuit diagram of the charging adapter charging the terminal.
  • Iout is the value of the current output by the charging adapter.
  • Vout is the voltage output by the charging adapter.
  • Ibus is the value of the current actually received by the terminal.
  • the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention can determine whether there is a micro short circuit in the charging link by detecting Iout and Ibus at the same time.
  • the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention is based on the existence of a communication connection between the charging adapter and the terminal or an interaction/exchange process between the charging adapter and the terminal.
  • the charging is performed in the prior art.
  • a charging scenario in which a communication connection exists between the adapter and the terminal, and the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention can be implemented on the communication connection in the prior art.
  • the terminal side and the charging adapter side establish a communication connection between the charging adapter and the terminal according to a communication protocol capable of simultaneously matching the charger and the terminal, that is, a handshake process, wherein different handshake protocols adopt different handshake processes;
  • the end side informs the charging adapter side of the output current or voltage matching the specification of the terminal according to its own specifications before charging.
  • the terminal in the embodiment of the present invention can obtain the first current value of the current currently output by the charging adapter by using the communication connection, and perform the first current value and the second current value of the current currently received by the terminal.
  • the micro charging in the current charging link is known. Short circuit and timely deal with micro short circuit conditions to avoid potential safety hazards.
  • the charging interface may be selected or customized for the characteristics of the charging interface of the charger and the terminal.
  • the matching communication protocol establishes a communication connection between the charger and the terminal, and then implements the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention by using the communication connection.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flowchart of a method for real-time monitoring of a charging link according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the method in the embodiment of the present invention includes:
  • the terminal receives a charging current that is sent by the charging adapter to the charging link by the charging adapter during a charging current transmitted by the charging adapter through a charging link with a charging adapter.
  • a current value A current value.
  • the charging adapter detects a first current value of a charging current currently output by the charging adapter during charging of the terminal, and sends the first current value to the terminal, where the terminal Receiving the first current value.
  • the terminal may be, for example, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a virtual reality (VR) device, an Augmented Reality (AR) device, an in-vehicle computer, a smart wearable device, and the like.
  • VR virtual reality
  • AR Augmented Reality
  • the first current value is a value of a current actually output by the charging adapter during the current charging process.
  • the terminal may receive the first current value according to a communication connection with the charging adapter.
  • the communication connection may establish a charging link between the terminal and the charging adapter.
  • the communication connection may be established by the terminal through a charging interface of the terminal, a charging interface of the charging adapter, and a charging cable between the charging interfaces; or may be passed by the charging adapter through the terminal A charging interface, a charging interface of the charging adapter, and a charging cable between the charging interfaces are established.
  • the type of the communication connection may include at least the following two types according to the type of the charging interface of the charging adapter and the terminal: 1) a communication connection established by using a Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface, For example, a communication connection established by using a Type-C interface; 2) a communication connection established by using a custom interface other than the USB interface, such as a communication connection established by using a Lightning interface.
  • USB Universal Serial Bus
  • the communication connection may be established by using a communication protocol matched with the charging interface.
  • a communication protocol matched with the charging interface For example, if the charging interface of the charging adapter and the terminal is a Type-C interface, USB-power output may be adopted.
  • the Power Delivery (PD) protocol http://www.iec.ch/newslog/2017/nr1616.htm) establishes a communication connection; for example, if the charging interface of the charging adapter and the terminal is a USB 2.0 interface, The communication connection can be established by using a communication protocol customized for the characteristics of the USB2.0 interface.
  • the charging interface of the charging adapter and the terminal is a custom interface other than the USB interface
  • the other a communication protocol customized by the custom interface establishes a communication connection; wherein the communication connection is established according to the communication protocol different from the charging interface
  • the nature of the communication connection (such as transmission speed, etc.) is also different.
  • the charging adapter and the charging interface employed by the terminal, the communication protocol employed by the charging adapter and the terminal, and the pins defined by the communication protocol for establishing a communication connection are in correspondence with each other, in a further embodiment.
  • the power adapter chip used by the charging adapter and the terminal has a one-to-one correspondence with the communication protocol adopted by the charging adapter and the terminal.
  • the charging interface between the charging adapter and the terminal is a Type-C interface
  • the Type-C interface is a transmission interface conforming to the USB3.0 technical specification.
  • the pin relationship diagram of the Type-C interface is as shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the Type-C interface has 24 pins.
  • the A1 ⁇ A12 pins have the same functions as the B1 ⁇ B12 pins.
  • the specific definitions of the Type-C interfaces are shown in Table 1:
  • the terminal or the charging adapter in the embodiment of the present invention may select one or more pins from the pins of the Type-C interface to establish a communication connection, wherein the communication protocol matching the Type-C interface may be a USB-PD protocol.
  • the technical implementation architecture diagram of the USB-PD protocol for establishing a communication connection can be as shown in FIG. 5.
  • the charging adapter includes a PD power chip, a direct current direct current (DCDC) circuit, a field effect (MOS) tube, and a type. -C interface; the terminal includes a PD power chip, a MOS tube, an embedded controller (EC) chip, and a Type-C interface between the terminal and the charging adapter is connected by a charging cable; using the technology shown in FIG.
  • the USB-PD protocol defines the CC1 or CC2 pin of the Type-C interface for establishing a communication connection, that is, the communication connection is a communication connection established by the CC1 or CC2 pin of the Type-C interface according to the USB-PD protocol. .
  • Type-C interface in FIG. 5 can also be replaced with other USB charging interfaces that comply with the USB3.0 technical specification, and correspondingly, the PD power chip is replaced with the USB 3.0 technical specification. USB interface matching communication protocol.
  • the charging interface between the charging adapter and the terminal is a Micro USB interface
  • the Micro USB interface is a transmission interface that conforms to the USB 2.0 technical specification.
  • the pin relationship diagram of the Micro USB interface is shown in FIG. 6, and the MicroUSB interface is shown.
  • the socket is a charging interface embedded in the charging adapter
  • the plug is a charging interface connected to the charging cable between the charging adapter and the terminal
  • the specific definition of each pin of the Micro USB interface is as follows. 2 shows:
  • a technical implementation diagram of a terminal or a charging adapter using a Micro USB interface to establish a communication connection may be as shown in FIG. 7, wherein the charging adapter includes a USB2.0 power chip, a DCDC circuit, a MOS tube, and a Micro USB interface; The USB 2.0 power chip, MOS tube, EC chip, and the Micro USB interface of the terminal and the charging adapter are connected by a charging cable.
  • the following communication connection can be established by using the technical framework shown in FIG. 7: if the communication protocol between the charging adapter and the terminal defines the D+ pin for establishing a communication connection, the communication connection is a D+ pin through the Micro USB interface. Establishing the obtained communication connection; if the communication protocol between the charging adapter and the terminal defines the D-pin for establishing a communication connection, the communication connection is a communication connection established through the D-pin of the Micro USB interface; The communication protocol between the adapter and the terminal defines that the VBUS pin is used to establish a communication connection, and the communication connection is passed The VBUS pin of the Micro USB interface establishes a communication connection; in an alternative, the communication protocol between the charging adapter and the terminal can also define multiple pins for establishing a communication connection, which are not separately enumerated here.
  • Micro USB interface in FIG. 7 can also be replaced with other USB 2.0 interfaces (such as USB A, USB B, etc., which follow the USB 2.0 technical specification).
  • the charging interface between the charging adapter and the terminal is another custom interface other than the USB interface, and the customized communication protocol matching the specific pin attribute of the customized interface can be customized and utilized.
  • the custom communication protocol establishes a communication connection, and the architecture diagram of the technology using the custom communication protocol can be as shown in FIG. 8.
  • the charging adapter includes a custom power chip, a DCDC circuit, a MOS tube, and a custom interface; the terminal includes a custom power supply.
  • the chip, the MOS tube, the EC chip, the terminal and the custom interface of the charging adapter are connected by a charging cable, and the technology implementation framework shown in FIG. 8 can establish a communication connection of a custom interface other than the USB interface.
  • the Lighting interface has eight different pins. According to the definition of each pin of the Lighting interface, the ID0 interface and ID1 interface of the Lighting interface can be used as an authentication pin or a control pin. If the charging interface of the charging adapter and the terminal is a Lighting interface, the custom communication protocol matching the Lighting interface may define an ID0 pin or an ID1 pin for establishing a communication connection between the charging adapter and the terminal, that is, the communication connection. To establish a communication connection through the ID0 or ID1 pin of the Lighting interface according to the custom communication protocol for the Lighting interface; in the alternative, the custom communication protocol corresponding to the Lighting interface may also define one or more other references. The foot is used to establish a communication connection and will not be enumerated here.
  • improvements may be made to existing charging interfaces, such as adding one or more pins to an existing charging interface for establishing a communication connection between the charging adapter and the terminal.
  • the terminal can receive the first current value through the communication connection mentioned above.
  • the charging interface and the charging cable are places where micro short circuits are prone to occur.
  • the charging adapter detects the value of the charging current before passing through the charging interface and the charging cable as the first current value.
  • the specific detecting action may be completed by the power chip of the charging adapter.
  • the terminal detects a second current value of a charging current received from the charging link.
  • the second current value is a value of a current actually received by the terminal during the current charging process.
  • the terminal detects the charging interface and the The value of the charging current after the charging cable is used as the second current value.
  • the specific detecting action can be performed by the power chip of the terminal.
  • the terminal performs a security protection policy for the charging link.
  • the terminal may determine the first current value and the second current value at the same time according to the time stamp of the first current value and the time stamp of the second current value.
  • the charging adapter detects a first current value of the charging current currently output by the charging adapter, and records the time when the first current value is detected, adds a time stamp to the first current value, and then The first current value carrying the time stamp is sent to the terminal; the terminal detects the second current value of the charging current currently received by the terminal, and records the time when the second current value is detected, and gives the second current value When the time stamp is added, the terminal can determine the first current value and the second current value at the same moment by the time stamp of the first current value and the time stamp of the second current value.
  • the terminal in a case that a difference between the first current value and the second current value is greater than a preset threshold, the terminal sends a stop power supply instruction to the charging adapter, and the charging adapter receives Stopping the power supply command and stopping power supply to the terminal according to the power supply stop command, the terminal disconnecting the charging connection with the charging adapter; in a further embodiment, the terminal may further provide an audible alert, an interactive interface alert The user is notified by an alarm method.
  • the terminal may perform the foregoing steps S101-S102 in a period of charging the charging adapter to the terminal to implement charging between the charging adapter and the terminal. Real-time monitoring of links.
  • the terminal periodically acquires a first current value of a current output by the charging adapter at the same time and a second current value of the current received by the terminal, where the first current value and the second current value are
  • the security protection policy for the charging link is executed, so as to timely discover and process the micro short circuit of the charging link to avoid potential security risks.
  • the establishment process of the communication connection in the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention is different due to the difference of the charging interface and the charging protocol of the charging adapter and the communication protocol.
  • the implementation process of the foregoing embodiment is also different.
  • the second embodiment of the Type-C interface and the USB-PD protocol introduces the implementation process of the above embodiment.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic flowchart of a method for real-time monitoring of a charging link according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • data is performed by using a CC line between Type-C interfaces.
  • Communication wherein the CC line is a connection line between the charging adapter and the CC pin (CC1 pin/CC2 pin) of the terminal, and the specific process is as follows:
  • the charging adapter detects that a pull-down resistor Rd exists on the CC pin of the Type-C interface to determine that the terminal has been accessed.
  • the charging adapter is the data master role before the data role conversion, and the CC pin (CC1 pin/CC2 pin) of the data master role has a pull-up resistor Rp in the specific circuit;
  • the CC pin CC1 pin/CC2 pin
  • the charging adapter detects the pull-down resistor Rd on the CC pin, then determine the CC of the charging adapter Pin and terminal The CC pin is connected, that is, the terminal is already connected.
  • the charging adapter outputs a voltage of 5V to the terminal.
  • VBUS is the voltage output pin of the Type-C interface, and the charging adapter outputs 5V voltage to the terminal by applying 5V voltage to the VBUS pin of the charging adapter.
  • the terminal detects that there is a voltage on the VBUS to determine the charging adapter access.
  • the VBUS pin of the Type-C interface of the terminal is not connected to the VBUS pin of the charging adapter, and there is no voltage on the VBUS pin of the terminal.
  • the terminal detects the presence of the VBUS pin. The voltage indicates that the VBUS pin of the terminal is connected to the VBUS pin of the charging adapter to determine the charging adapter access.
  • the charging adapter and the terminal determine that the other party has accessed, and the charging negotiation can be performed.
  • the charging adapter sends the power supply capability information of the charging adapter to the terminal.
  • the power supply capability includes how many corresponding voltages and corresponding currents the charging adapter can provide.
  • the terminal selects a power supply mode suitable for the terminal according to the specification of the terminal itself, and sends a power supply request to the charging adapter through the CC line.
  • the charging adapter sends an accepting instruction to the terminal.
  • the charging adapter performs internal voltage conversion and sends “power ready” information to the terminal.
  • the standard charging negotiation part of the USB-PD protocol is completed by the Broadcast/Multicast Control Protocol (BMC) communication in the steps S204 to S207, and the charging adapter can charge the terminal.
  • BMC Broadcast/Multicast Control Protocol
  • the charging adapter applies the negotiated power supply voltage to the VBUS, that is, outputs the negotiated power supply voltage to the terminal.
  • the VBUS pin of the terminal is connected to the VBUS pin of the charging adapter, and the charging adapter applies the negotiated power supply voltage to the VBUS to supply power to the terminal. For example, if the terminal currently needs the charging adapter to output a voltage of 20V, the charging adapter is VBUS applies a voltage of 20V.
  • the negotiated power supply voltage is converted from 5V, and combined with the specific architecture diagram of FIG. 5, in the specific implementation, the charging adapter can realize the conversion of the power supply voltage through the DCDC circuit.
  • the charging adapter sends a Data Role Swap command.
  • the charging adapter switches the data transmission role to an Upstream Facing Port (UFP).
  • UFP Upstream Facing Port
  • UFP is defined as an upstream data port, that is, in the role of the data master role in the data transmission role.
  • the terminal switches the data transmission role to a Downstream Facing Port (DFP).
  • DFP Downstream Facing Port
  • DFP is defined as a downstream data stream port, that is, in the role of data from the role of the data transmission role.
  • the terminal becomes the data main role, and the data communication can be initiated actively through the CC line, for example, a user defined instruction (VDM) communication, and the terminal can use the VDM communication to charge.
  • VDM user defined instruction
  • the adapter sends a voltage adjustment command or a current adjustment command to dynamically adjust the output voltage or output current of the charging adapter, and can also obtain the current state information of the charging adapter by using VDM communication.
  • the terminal sends a current value request instruction to the charging adapter.
  • the charging adapter sends the first current value of the currently output charging current to the terminal.
  • the terminal receives the first current value and acquires a second current value of the currently received charging current.
  • the terminal determines whether a difference between the first current value and the second current value at the same time is greater than a preset threshold.
  • the preset threshold is a threshold set for the detection error, and the difference between the first current value and the second current value is normally zero.
  • the terminal may repeatedly perform steps S212-S215 to implement real-time monitoring of the charging chain between the terminal and the charging adapter. road.
  • the terminal sends a stop power supply command to the charging adapter.
  • the charging adapter turns off VBUS.
  • the charging adapter can turn off VBUS by turning off the MOS transistor.
  • Steps S212 to S217 are the VDM communication initiated by the terminal, that is, the specific execution process of the first embodiment.
  • the terminal if the terminal needs to perform data communication with the charging adapter, the BMC communication needs to complete the standard charging.
  • the terminal converts the data from the role to the data master role, and then initiates the VDM communication to obtain the data of the charging adapter, wherein the BMC communication and the VDM communication are performed through the CC line, that is, in the embodiment of the present invention,
  • the communication connection is a communication connection established through the CC line, and the terminal receives the first current value through the CC line.
  • a communication connection between the terminal and the charging adapter is established through the CC pin of the Type-C interface, and the terminal receives the first current value sent by the charging adapter through the communication connection, and then acquires the second current value at the same time. Determining that there is a micro short circuit condition in the charging link if the difference between the first current value and the second current value is greater than a preset threshold, and sending a stop power supply command to the charging adapter to disconnect the charging connection, thereby avoiding Causes a safety hazard.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the terminal includes at least a receiving module 310, a detecting module 320, and a security policy executing module 330, where the receiving The module 310, the detecting module 320, and the security policy executing module 330 perform the methods and functions performed by the terminal in the foregoing first embodiment to the second embodiment, and are not repeatedly described in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a charging adapter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the charging adapter includes at least a sending module 410, a stop command receiving module 420, and a power-off module 430.
  • the sending module 410, the stopping command receiving module 420, and the stopping power supply module 430 perform the methods and functions performed by the charging adapters in the first to second embodiments, which are not described in detail in the embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of another terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the terminal includes a power chip 51 and a charging interface 52.
  • the power chip 51 is connected to the charging interface 52, for example, the power chip 51 can be connected to the charging interface 52 via a bus.
  • the power chip 51 is configured to support the terminal to perform a corresponding function in the above method.
  • the power chip 51 may be an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a combination thereof.
  • ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
  • PLD programmable logic device
  • the above PLD can be complex programmable logic Complex programmable logic device (CPLD), field-programmable gate array (FPGA), general array logic (GAL) or any combination thereof.
  • CPLD complex programmable logic Complex programmable logic device
  • FPGA field-programmable gate array
  • GAL general array logic
  • the charging interface 52 is configured to receive a charging current transmitted by the charging adapter through a charging link with the charging adapter, and receive a first current of a charging current that is sent by the charging adapter to the charging link by the charging adapter. Values, etc.
  • the power chip 51 can call the program code in the power chip to perform the following operations:
  • a security protection policy for the charging link is performed.
  • the power chip can also cooperate with the charging interface to perform the operations of the terminal in the first embodiment to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of another charging adapter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the charging adapter includes a power chip 61 and a charging interface 62.
  • the power chip 61 is connected to the charging interface 62, for example, the power chip 61 can be connected to the charging interface 62 via a bus.
  • the power chip 61 is configured to support the charging adapter to perform the corresponding functions in the above methods.
  • the power chip 61 may be an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a combination thereof.
  • ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
  • PLD programmable logic device
  • the above PLD can be a complex programmable logic device (CPLD), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), and a general array logic (GAL). Or any combination thereof.
  • the charging interface 62 is configured to transmit a charging current to the terminal through a charging link with the terminal, and transmit a first current value or the like of the charging current output to the charging link to the terminal.
  • the power chip 61 can call the program code in the power chip to perform the following operations:
  • the power supply to the terminal is stopped according to the stop power supply command.
  • the power chip can also cooperate with the charging interface to perform the operations of the charging adapter in the first to second embodiments of the present invention.
  • the program can be stored in a computer readable storage medium, when the program is executed
  • the flow of the method embodiments as described above may be included.
  • the foregoing storage medium includes various media that can store program codes, such as a ROM or a random access memory RAM, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.

Abstract

一种充电链路的情况的实时监测的方法，包括：终端在通过与充电适配器之间的充电链路接收所述充电适配器传输的充电电流的过程中，接收所述充电适配器发送的所述充电适配器向所述充电链路输出的充电电流的第一电流数值（S101）；所述终端检测从所述充电链路接收到的充电电流的第二电流数值（S102）；在同一时刻的所述第一电流数值与所述第二电流数值的差值大于预设阈值的情况下，所述终端执行针对所述充电链路的安全防护策略（S103）。

Description

一种充电链路的情况的实时监测的方法和设备 技术领域
本发明涉及充电技术领域，尤其涉及一种充电链路的情况的实时监测的方法和设备。
背景技术
锂电池、镍电池、铅酸电池是目前的充电技术中的常用的三种电池，其中，锂电池具有单位工作电压高、体积小、重量轻、能力密度高、可循环使用以及寿命长等特点，通常被运用到电子产品中作为供电电池。在现有的充电技术中，在充电适配器和终端之间连接上充电线缆，然后将充电适配器插入插座即可完成对终端内的锂电池进行充电，充满电后锂电池便可为终端提供电能。
充电适配器、充电线缆以及锂电池都是可重复使用的配件，在终端的使用过程中充电适配器循环给终端中的锂电池充电，锂电池循环给终端进行供电以保证终端的运行。在这样循环往复的充电过程中会出现这样一种情况：由于用户的不恰当操作(如长期将充电器插在插座上使充电器一直保持通电状态、充电时没有让充电适配器和充电线缆的接口保持充分接触等)或充电线缆中线材的老化，终端和充电适配器的充电链路中容易出现微短路情况，如果充电链路中长期存在微短路，则可能导致充电线缆中的线材烧毁，进而因线材烧毁引发其他更为严重的安全隐患，现有技术中缺少对充电链路中的微短路情况的监测。
发明内容
本发明提供一种充电链路的情况的实时监测的方法和设备，可以实时监控充电链路，及时发现充电链路中的微短路情况并进行处理，避免造成安全隐患。
本发明实施例第一方面提供了一种充电链路的情况的实时监测的方法，包括：终端在通过与充电适配器之间的充电链路接收所述充电适配器传输的充电电流的过程中，接收所述充电适配器发送的所述充电适配器向所述充电链路输出的第一电流数值；所述终端检测从所述充电链路接收到的充电电流的第二电流数值；在同一时刻的所述第一电流数值与所述第二电流数值的差值大于预设阈值的情况下，所述终端执行针对所述充电链路的安全防护策略。
终端例如可为手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑、掌上电脑等终端。
本发明实施例中，终端在充电过程中接收充电适配器发送的当前输出的电流的第一电流数值，同时获取终端当前实际接收到的电流的第二电流数值，对充电链路进行实时监控，正常情况下充电适配器的当前输出的电流的第一电流数值与终端侧当前实际接收到的电流的第二电流数值一致，在考虑可能出现检测误差的情况下若发现所述第一电流数值与所述第二电流数值的差值大于预设阈值时，则判定充电适配器与终端之间的充电链路中出现微短路，执行针对所述充电链路的安全防护策略，从而对实现对充电链路的微短路情况的及时发现与处理，避免造成安全隐患。
在第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式中，所述终端可以根据与所述充电适配器的通信连接接收所述充电适配器发送的所述充电适配器向所述充电链路输出的充电电流的第一电流数值，其中，所述通信连接为根据具体的通信协议建立的通信连接，所述通信连接用 于与所述充电适配器之间进行数据通信。
结合第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第二种可能的实现方式中，所述具体的通信协议为USB-PD协议，若所述适配器与所述终端之间采用的接口为Type-C接口，则根据USB-PD协议的定义，所述通信连接为根据USB-PD协议通过Type-C接口的CC1或CC2引脚建立得到的通信连接。
结合第一方面的第二种可能的实现方式，在第三种可能的实现方式中，根据USB-PD协议中对数据传输角色的定义，若所述终端要接收所述充电适配器发送的所述第一电流数值，则所述终端需要将数据传输角色转化为数据主角色，即所述接收所述充电适配器发送的所述充电适配器向所述充电链路输出的充电电流的第一电流数值包括：
接收所述充电适配器发送的数据角色转换指令并将数据传输角色转换为数据主角色；在转换为数据主角色后，通过所述通信连接向所述充电适配器发送电流值请求；通过所述通信连接接收所述充电适配器根据所述电流值请求返回的所述第一电流数值。
终端在进行数据角色转换后，在数据传输角色上变成数据主角色，则可以主动向充电适配器可以发送电流值请求，从而获取到充电适配器当前实际输出的电流的数值。
结合第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第四种可能的实现方式中，所述具体的通信协议为针对USB2.0接口定制的通信协议，则所述通信连接为根据USB2.0接口的第一通信引脚建立得到的与所述充电适配器的通信连接，其中，所述第一通信引脚为USB2.0接口的其中一个或多个引脚，用于建立所述终端与所述充电适配器之间的通信连接，由针对USB2.0接口的通信协议定义。例如针对USB2.0接口的通信协议中定义USB2.0接口的D-引脚用于建立终端与充电适配器之间的通信连接，则D-引脚为第一通信引脚，所述通信连接为通过USB2.0接口的D-引脚建立得到的通信连接。
结合第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第五种可能的实现方式中，所述具体的通信协议为自定义通信协议，其中，所述自定义通信协议为针对除USB接口外的其他充电接口定制的通信协议，所述通信连接为根据所述自定义通信协议定义的第二通信引脚建立得到的与所述充电适配器的通信连接。其中，第二引脚为除USB接口外的其他充电接口的一个或多个引脚，用于建立所述终端与所述充电适配器之间的通信连接，由所述自定义通信协议定义。例如Lighting接口，假设针对Lighting接口的自定义通信协议中定义Lighting接口的ID0引脚建立终端与充电适配器之间的通信连接，则ID0引脚为第二引脚，所述通信连接为通过Lighting接口的ID0引脚建立得到的与所述充电适配器的通信连接。
在可选实施例中，针对现有技术中的不具备建立通信连接能力的充电接口，可在所述充电接口中增设一个或多个引脚用于建立所述终端与所述充电适配器的通信连接。
结合第一方面或第一方面的第一种至第五种中任一可能的实现方式，在第六种可能的实现方式中，所述执行针对所述充电链路的安全防护策略包括：向所述充电适配器发送停止供电指令；断开与所述充电适配器的充电连接。
断开所述终端与所述适配器之间的充电连接有效阻止微短路的发生，避免造成安全隐患。
在可选实施例中，所述终端还可以以声音警示、交互界面警示等方式通知所述终端的用户，以使用户能够知道所述充电链路上的微短路从而采取一定的措施(如更换充电线材 等)。
本发明实施例第二方面提供了一种充电链路的情况的实时监测的方法，包括：充电适配器在通过与终端之间的充电链路向所述终端传输充电电流的过程中，向所述终端发送向所述充电链路输出的充电电流的第一电流数值，所述第一电流数值用于与所述终端从所述充电链路接收到的同一时刻的充电电流的第二电流数值进行比较；所述充电适配器接收所述终端在检测到同一时刻的所述第一电流数值与所述第二电流数值的差值大于预设阈值的情况下发送的停止供电指令；所述充电适配器根据所述停止供电指令停止向所述终端供电。
本发明实施例中，充电适配器在接收到终端发送的停止供电指令时停止向所述终端进行供电，停止供电指令是终端在发现充电适配器当前输出的电流的第一电流数值与终端当前实际接收到的电流的第二电流数值的差值大于预设阈值的情况下发送的，所述第一电流数值与所述第二电流数值的差值大于预设阈值说明充电适配器与终端之间的充电链路中存在微短路，停止向所述终端进行供电可避免造成安全隐患。
本发明实施例第三方面提供了一种终端。该终端包括：
接收模块，用于在通过与充电适配器之间的充电链路接收所述充电适配器传输的充电电流的过程中，接收所述充电适配器发送的所述充电适配器向所述充电链路输出的充电电流的第一电流数值；
检测模块，用于检测从所述充电链路接收到的充电电流的第二电流数值；
安全策略执行模块，用于在同一时刻的所述第一电流数值与所述第二电流数值的差值大于预设阈值的情况下，执行针对所述充电链路的安全防护策略。
本发明实施例第四方面提供了一种充电适配器，该充电适配器包括：
发送模块，用于在通过与终端之间的充电链路向所述终端传输充电电流的过程中，向所述终端发送向所述充电链路输出的充电电流的第一电流数值，所述第一电流数值用于与所述终端从所述充电链路接收到的同一时刻的充电电流的第二电流数值进行比较；
停止指令接收模块，用于接收所述终端在检测到同一时刻的所述第一电流数值与所述第二电流数值的差值大于预设阈值的情况下发送的停止供电指令；
停止供电模块，用于根据所述停止供电指令停止向所述终端供电。
本发明实施例第五方面提供了另一种终端，该终端包括电源芯片，充电接口，其中，所述电源芯片连接到所述充电接口，所述充电接口用于通过与充电适配器之间的充电链路接收所述充电适配器传输的充电电流，接收所述充电适配器发送的所述充电适配器向所述充电链路输出的充电电流的第一电流数值，所述电源芯片用于实现上述第一方面提供的一种充电链路的情况的实时监测的方法中的步骤。
本发明实施例第六方面提供了另一种充电适配器，该充电适配器包括电源芯片，充电接口，其中，所述电源芯片连接到所述充电接口，所述充电接口用于通过与终端之间的充电链路向所述终端传输充电电流，向所述终端发送向所述充电链路输出的充电电流的第一电流数值，所述电源芯片用于实现上述第二方面提供的一种充电链路的情况的实时监测的方法中的步骤。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或背景技术中的技术方案，下面将对本发明实施例或背景技术中所需要使用的附图进行说明。
图1是充电适配器给终端充电的现实场景图；
图2是充电适配器给终端充电的一个简化电路示意图；
图3是本发明实施例中的一种充电链路的情况的实时监测的方法的流程示意图；
图4是Type-C接口的引脚关系图；
图5是本发明实施例中采用USB-PD协议建立通信连接的技术实现架构图；
图6是Micro USB接口的引脚关系图；
图7是本发明实施例中采用针对USB2.0接口的通信协议建立通信连接的技术实现架构图；
图8是本发明实施例中采用自定义通信协议建立通信连接的技术实现架构图；
图9是Lighting接口的引脚关系图；
图10是本发明实施例中的另一种充电链路的情况的实时监测的方法的流程示意图；
图11是本发明实施例中的一种终端的结构示意图；
图12是本发明实施例中的一种充电适配器的结构示意图；
图13是本发明实施例中的另一种终端的结构示意图；
图14是本发明实施例的中的另一种充电适配器的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行描述。
本发明实施例的技术方案适用于各种充电场景，具体充电的场景可以如图1和图2所示，图1是充电适配器给终端充电的现实场景图，其中，1为终端，图1中终端为一手机，2为充电适配器，3为充电适配器与终端之间的充电链路，充电适配器通过充电链路给手机充电。图2是充电适配器给终端充电的一个简化电路示意图，如图所示，Iout为充电适配器实际输出的电流的数值，Vout是充电适配器输出的电压，Ibus为终端实际接收到的电流的数值，Ibus是施加在终端上的电压(即终端接收到的电压)，Ir为微短路点的电流的数值，由图可知在充电链路中不存在微短路的情况下，同一时刻的Iout＝Ibus，若充电链路中存在微短路，则Ir＝Iout-Ibus。本发明实施例的技术方案通过检测同一时刻的Iout、Ibus则可以判断出充电链路中是否存在微短路。
本发明实施例的技术方案建立在充电适配器和终端之间存在通信连接或充电适配器与终端之间存在交互/交流过程的基础上，在一种可能的实现方式中，针对于现有技术中充电适配器和终端之间原本就存在通信连接的充电场景，可在现有技术中的通信连接上实现本发明实施例的技术方案。
现有技术中充电适配器和终端之间存在通信连接的充电场景如下：
首先终端侧与充电适配器侧根据能同时匹配充电器和终端的通信协议建立充电适配器与终端的通信连接，即握手过程，其中，通信协议不同则采用的握手过程不同；然后终 端侧在进行充电前会根据自身的规格情况通知充电适配器侧输出与终端的规格匹配的电流或电压。通过上述通信连接，本发明实施例中的终端可以利用此通信连接获取充电适配器当前输出的电流的第一电流数值，将所述第一电流数值与终端当前接收到的电流的第二电流数值进行比较，若所述第一电流数值与第二电流数值的差值大于预设阈值，在排除检测误差的情况下(预设阈值用于排除检测误差)便可得知当前充电链路中出现微短路并及时对微短路情况进行处理，避免造成安全隐患。
在另一种可能的实现方式中，针对于现有技术中充电适配器和终端之间不存在通信连接的充电场景，则可以针对充电器和终端的充电接口的特性，选择或定制与充电接口相匹配的通信协议，建立充电器和终端之间的通信连接，然后以此通信连接实现本发明实施例的技术方案。
首先参阅图3，图3是本发明实施例中的一种充电链路的情况的实时监测的方法的流程示意图，如图所示，本发明实施例中的方法包括：
S101、终端在通过与充电适配器之间的充电链路接收所述充电适配器传输的充电电流的过程中，接收所述充电适配器发送的所述充电适配器向所述充电链路输出的充电电流的第一电流数值。
具体实现中，所述充电适配器在向所述终端充电的过程中，检测所述充电适配器当前输出的充电电流的第一电流数值，并向所述终端发送所述第一电流数值，所述终端接收所述第一电流数值。
其中，终端例如可以为手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑、虚拟现实(Virtual Reality，VR)设备、扩增实境(Augmented Reality，AR)设备、车载电脑、智能可穿戴设备等终端。
其中，所述第一电流数值为充电适配器在当前的充电过程中实际输出的电流的数值。
可选地，终端可以根据与所述充电适配器之间的通信连接接收所述第一电流数值，具体实现中，所述通信连接可以建立在所述终端与所述充电适配器之间的充电链路上，即所述通信连接可以由所述终端通过所述终端的充电接口、所述充电适配器的充电接口及所述充电接口之间的充电线缆建立；也可以由充电适配器通过所述终端的充电接口、所述充电适配器的充电接口及所述充电接口之间的充电线缆建立。
在可选实施例中，所述通信连接的种类可以根据充电适配器与终端的充电接口的种类至少包括以下两种：1)利用通用串行总线(Universal Serial Bus，USB)接口建立的通信连接，例如利用Type-C接口建立的通信连接；2)利用除USB接口以外的其他自定义接口建立的通信连接，例如利用闪电(Lighting)接口建立的通信连接。
具体实现中，可以采用与所述充电接口相匹配的通信协议建立所述通信连接，例如，若所述充电适配器与所述终端的充电接口为Type-C接口，则可以采用USB-功率输出(Power Delivery，PD)协议(http://www.iec.ch/newslog/2016/nr1616.htm)建立通信连接；又如，若所述充电适配器与所述终端的充电接口为USB2.0接口，则可以采用针对USB2.0接口特性定制的通信协议建立通信连接；又如，若所述充电适配器与所述终端的充电接口为除USB接口外的其他自定义接口，则可以采用针对所述其他自定义接口定制的通信协议建立通信连接；其中，根据所述通信协议与所述充电接口的不同，所述通信连接建立的 过程不同，所述通信连接的属性(如传输速度等)也有所不同。
在可选实施例中，充电适配器与终端采用的充电接口、充电适配器与终端采用的通信协议以及所述通信协议定义的用于建立通信连接的引脚之间具备相互对应关系，在进一步实施例中，充电适配器和终端采用的电源芯片与充电适配器和终端采用的通信协议具备一一对应的关系。
下面列举具体的例子对几种不同类型的通信连接进行说明。
举例来说，例如充电适配器与终端之间的充电接口为Type-C接口，Type-C接口是遵循USB3.0技术规范的传输接口，Type-C接口的引脚关系图如图4所示，Type-C接口有24个引脚，其中，A1～A12引脚与B1～B12引脚的功能相同，Type-C接口的各个引脚的具体定义如表1所示：
Figure PCTCN2017071767-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2017071767-appb-000002
表1
本发明实施例中的终端或充电适配器可以从上述Type-C接口的引脚中选择一个或多个引脚建立通信连接，其中，匹配Type-C接口的通信协议可以为USB-PD协议，采用USB-PD协议建立通信连接的技术实现架构图可以如图5所示，充电适配器包括PD电源芯片、直流转换(Direct Current Direct Current，DCDC)电路、场效应(Metal Oxide Semiconductor，MOS)管、Type-C接口；终端包括PD电源芯片、MOS管、嵌入式控制器(Embed Controller，EC)芯片，终端和充电适配器的Type-C接口之间通过充电线缆连接；采用图5所示的技术实现框架，USB-PD协议定义Type-C接口的CC1或CC2引脚用于建立通信连接，即所述通信连接为根据USB-PD协议通过Type-C接口的CC1或CC2引脚建立得到的通信连接。
需要说明的是，图5中的Type-C接口还可替换为其他的遵循USB3.0技术规范的USB充电接口，与之相应地，PD电源芯片替换为与所述遵循USB3.0技术规范的USB接口匹配的通信协议。
再举例来说，例如充电适配器与终端之间的充电接口为Micro USB接口，Micro USB接口是遵循USB2.0技术规范的传输接口，Micro USB接口的引脚关系图如图6所示，MicroUSB接口有4个引脚，其中，插座是嵌入在充电适配器上的充电接口，插头是连接在充电适配器和终端之间的充电线缆上的充电接口，Micro USB接口的各个引脚的具体定义如表2所示：
引脚 名称 描述/功能
1 VBUS 电源
2 D- 数据-
3 D+ 数据+
4 GND 地
表2
本发明实施例中终端或充电适配器利用Micro USB接口建立通信连接的技术实现架构图可以如图7所示，其中，充电适配器包括USB2.0电源芯片、DCDC电路、MOS管、Micro USB接口；终端包括USB2.0电源芯片、MOS管、EC芯片，终端和充电适配器的Micro USB接口之间通过充电线缆连接。
采用图7所示的技术框架可建立以下几种通信连接：若充电适配器与终端之间的通信协议定义D+引脚用于建立通信连接，则所述通信连接为通过Micro USB接口的D+引脚建立得到的通信连接；若充电适配器与终端之间的通信协议定义D-引脚用于建立通信连接，则所述通信连接为通过Micro USB接口的D-引脚建立得到的通信连接；若充电适配器与终端之间的通信协议定义VBUS引脚用于建立通信连接，则所述通信连接为通过 Micro USB接口的VBUS引脚建立得到的通信连接；在可选的方案中，充电适配器与终端之间的通信协议还可定义多个引脚用于建立通信连接，在此不再分别进行列举。
可选地，图7中的Micro USB接口还可以替换为其他USB2.0接口(如USB A、USB B等遵循USB2.0技术规范的充电接口)。
再举例来说，例如充电适配器与终端之间的充电接口为非USB接口的其他自定义接口，则可以根据自定义接口的具体引脚属性定制与之相匹配的自定义通信协议，并利用此自定义通信协议建立通信连接，采用自定义通信协议的技术实现架构图可以如图8所示，其中，充电适配器包括自定义电源芯片、DCDC电路、MOS管、自定义接口；终端包括自定义电源芯片、MOS管、EC芯片，终端和充电适配器的自定义接口之间通过充电线缆连接，采用图8所示的技术实现框架可建立除USB接口的外其他自定义接口的通信连接。
假设自定义接口为Lighting接口，Lighting接口的引脚关系图如图9所示，图9中是Lighting的插座接口的引脚关系图，Lighting接口的各个引脚的具体定义如表3所示：
引脚 名称 描述
1 GND 地
2 L0p 数据+
3 L0n 数据-
4 ID0 鉴权/控制
5 PWR 电源
6 L1n 数据-
7 L1p 数据+
8 ID1 鉴权/控制
表3
Lighting接口有8个作用不同的引脚，根据Lighting接口的各个引脚定义可知，Lighting接口的ID0接口和ID1接口可以用作鉴权引脚或者控制引脚。若充电适配器与终端的充电接口为Lighting接口，则与Lighting接口相匹配的自定义通信协议可定义ID0引脚或ID1引脚用于建立充电适配器与终端之间的通信连接，即所述通信连接为根据针对Lighting接口的自定义通信协议通过Lighting接口的ID0或ID1引脚建立得到的通信连接；在可选方案中，与Lighting接口相对应的自定义通信协议也可定义其他一个或多个引脚用于建立通信连接，在此不再进行列举。
在可选实施例中，还可针对现有的充电接口进行改进，如给现有的充电接口增设一个或多个引脚用于建立充电适配器和终端之间的通信连接。
在可选实施例中，终端可通过以上所举的通信连接接收所述第一电流数值，结合图5、图7或图8可知，充电接口和充电线缆是容易出现微短路的地方，在具体实现中，充电适配器检测经过所述充电接口和所述充电线缆之前的充电电流的数值作为第一电流数值，可选地，具体的检测动作可以由充电适配器的电源芯片完成。
S102、所述终端检测从所述充电链路接收到的充电电流的第二电流数值。
其中，所述第二电流数值为终端在当前的充电过程中实际接收到的电流的数值。
结合图5、图7或图8可知，在具体实现中，所述终端检测经过所述充电接口和所述 充电线缆之后的充电电流的数值作为第二电流数值，可选地，具体的检测动作可以由终端的电源芯片完成。
S103、在同一时刻的所述第一电流数值与所述第二电流数值的差值大于预设阈值的情况下，所述终端执行针对所述充电链路的安全防护策略。
在可选实施例中，终端可根据所述第一电流数值的时间标志和所述第二电流数值的时间标志确定同一时刻的所述第一电流数值和所述第二电流数值。
具体实现中，充电适配器检测所述充电适配器当前输出的充电电流的第一电流数值，同时记录下检测到所述第一电流数值的时间，给所述第一电流数值加上时间标志，然后将携带时间标志的所述第一电流数值发送给终端；终端检测终端当前接收到的充电电流的第二电流数值，同时记录下检测到所述第二电流数值的时间，给所述第二电流数值加上时间标志，则终端可通过第一电流数值的时间标志和第二电流数值的时间标志确定同一时刻的第一电流数值和第二电流数值。
在可选实施例中，在所述第一电流数值与所述第二电流数值的差值大于预设阈值的情况下，所述终端向所述充电适配器发送停止供电指令，所述充电适配器接收所述停止供电指令并根据所述停止供电指令向所述终端停止供电，所述终端断开与所述充电适配器的充电连接；在进一步实施例中，所述终端还可以声音警示、交互界面警示等告警方式通知用户。
在可选实施例中，所述终端可以在所述充电适配器向所述终端充电的过程中以一定的周期执行上述步骤S101～S102，以实现对所述充电适配器与所述终端之间的充电链路的实时监测。
本发明实施例中，终端周期性地获取同一时刻的充电适配器输出的电流的第一电流数值与终端接收到的电流的第二电流数值，在所述第一电流数值与所述第二电流数值的差值大于预设阈值的情况下，执行针对充电链路的安全防护策略，从而对实现对充电链路的微短路情况的及时发现和处理，避免造成安全隐患。
本发明实施例的技术方案中通信连接的建立过程因充电适配器与终端的充电接口及通信协议的差异而有所不同，与之相对应的，上述实施例的实现过程也有所不同，以下通过结合Type-C接口和USB-PD协议的第二实施例介绍上述实施例的实现过程。
请参阅图10，图10是本发明第二实施例提供的一种充电链路的情况的实时监测的方法的流程示意图，本发明实施例中，通过Type-C接口之间的CC线进行数据通信，其中，CC线为充电适配器与终端的CC引脚(CC1引脚/CC2引脚)之间的连接线，具体流程如下：
S201、充电适配器检测到Type-C接口的CC引脚上存在下拉电阻Rd确定终端已经接入。
根据USB-PD协议的定义，在未经过数据角色转换前，充电适配器为数据主角色，数据主角色的CC引脚(CC1引脚/CC2引脚)在具体电路中存在上拉电阻Rp；终端为数据从角色，数据从角色的CC引脚(CC1引脚/CC2引脚)在具体电路中存在下拉电阻Rd，当充电适配器检测到CC引脚上有下拉电阻Rd时则确定充电适配器的CC引脚与终端的 CC引脚连接，即终端已经接入。
S202、充电适配器输出5V的电压给终端。
由图4和表1可知，VBUS为Type-C接口的电压输出引脚，则充电适配器通过向充电适配器的VBUS引脚施加5V电压实现输出5V的电压给终端。
S203、终端检测到VBUS上有电压确定充电适配器接入。
在充电适配器未接入的情况下，终端的Type-C接口的VBUS引脚未与充电适配器的VBUS引脚连接，终端的VBUS引脚上没有电压的存在，当终端检测到VBUS引脚上存在电压则说明终端的VBUS引脚与充电适配器的VBUS引脚连接，确定充电适配器接入。
至此，通过S201～S203的步骤，充电适配器与终端彼此确定对方已经接入，可进行充电协商。
S204、充电适配器向终端发送充电适配器的供电能力信息。
其中，供电能力包括充电适配器能提供多少种对应的电压及对应的电流。
S205、终端根据终端自身的规格情况选择适合终端的供电方式，通过CC线向充电适配器发送供电请求。
S206、充电适配器向终端发送接受指令。
S207、充电适配器进行内部电压变换并向终端发送“电源准备好”信息。
至此，通过S204～S207步骤的广播/组播控制(Broadcast/Multicast Control protocol，BMC)通信，USB-PD协议的标准充电协商部分完成，充电适配器可以向终端充电。
S208、充电适配器向VBUS施加协商后的供电电压，即向终端输出协商后的供电电压。
具体电路中，终端的VBUS引脚与充电适配器的VBUS引脚连接，充电适配器向VBUS施加协商后的供电电压即可向终端供电，例如，终端当前需要充电适配器输出20V的电压，则充电适配器向VBUS施加20V的电压。
其中，协商后的供电电压由5V转换而来，结合图5的具体架构图，具体实现中，充电适配器可通过DCDC电路实现供电电压的转换。
S209、充电适配器发送数据角色转换(Data Role Swap)指令。
S210、充电适配器将数据传输角色切换为数据主角色(Upstream Facing port,UFP)。
在USB3.0标准中，UFP被定义为上行数据流端口，即在数据传输角色上处于数据主角色的地位。
S211、终端将数据传输角色切换为数据从角色(Downstream Facing port,DFP)。
在USB3.0标准中，DFP被定义为下行数据流端口，即在数据传输角色上处于数据从角色的地位。
至此，经过步骤S209～S211的数据传输角色转换后，终端成为数据主角色，可以通过CC线主动发起数据通信，例如用户自定义指令(vendor defined message,VDM)通信，终端可以利用VDM通信向充电适配器发送电压调整指令或电流调整指令以实现动态调整充电适配器的输出电压或输出电流的效果，也可以利用VDM通信获取充电适配器当前的状态信息等。
S212、终端向充电适配器发送电流值请求指令。
S213、充电适配器向终端发送当前输出的充电电流的第一电流数值。
S214、终端接收所述第一电流数值并获取当前接收到的充电电流的第二电流数值。
S215、终端判断同一时刻的所述第一电流数值与所述第二电流数值的差值是否大于预设阈值。
其中，预设阈值是为检测误差设置的阈值，正常情况下述第一电流数值与第二电流数值的差值为零。
在可选实施例中，若所述第一电流数值与所述第二电流数值的差值小于预设阈值，终端可重复执行步骤S212～S215，实现实时监测终端与充电适配器之间的充电链路。
S216、当第一电流数值与第二电流数值的差值大于预设阈值时，终端向充电适配器发送停止供电指令。
S217、充电适配器关闭VBUS。
结合图5的技术架构图，具体实现中，充电适配器可通过关断MOS管关闭VBUS。
步骤S212～S217即为终端主动发起的VDM通信，也即第一实施例的具体执行过程，根据USB-PD协议的定义，若终端需要与充电适配器进行数据通信，则需要经过BMC通信完成标准充电协商，经过数据角色转换使终端从数据从角色转换为数据主角色，然后发起VDM通信获取充电适配器的数据，其中，BMC通信与VDM通信都是通过CC线进行，即在本发明实施例中，通信连接为通过CC线建立的通信连接，终端通过CC线接收所述第一电流数值。
本发明实施例中，通过Type-C接口的CC引脚建立终端与充电适配器之间的通信连接，终端通过此通信连接接收充电适配器发送的第一电流数值，然后获取同一时刻的第二电流数值，在所述第一电流数值与所述第二电流数值的差值大于预设阈值的情况下判定充电链路中的存在微短路情况，向充电适配器发送停止供电指令以断开充电连接，避免造成安全隐患。
请参阅图11，图11是本发明实施例中的一种终端的结构示意图，如图所示，所述终端至少包括接收模块310、检测模块320、安全策略执行模块330，其中，所述接收模块310、所述检测模块320、所述安全策略执行模块330执行上述第一实施例至第二实施例中终端所执行方法和功能，本发明实施例中不再赘述。
请参阅图12，图12是本发明实施例中的一种充电适配器的结构示意图，如图所示，所述充电适配器至少包括发送模块410、停止指令接收模块420、停止供电模块430，其中，所述发送模块410、所述停止指令接收模块420、所述停止供电模块430执行上述第一实施例至第二实施例中充电适配器所执行方法和功能，本发明实施例中不再赘述。
请参阅图13，图13是本发明实施例中的另一种终端的结构示意图，如图所示，该终端包括电源芯片51及充电接口52。电源芯片51连接到充电接口52，例如电源芯片51可以通过总线连接到充电接口52。
电源芯片51被配置为支持所述终端执行上述方法中相应的功能。上述电源芯片51可以是专用集成电路(英文：application-specific integrated circuit，ASIC)，可编程逻辑器件(英文：programmable logic device，PLD)或其组合。上述PLD可以是复杂可编程逻 辑器件(英文：complex programmable logic device，CPLD)，现场可编程逻辑门阵列(英文：field-programmable gate array，FPGA)，通用阵列逻辑(英文：generic array logic,GAL)或其任意组合。
充电接口52用于通过与充电适配器之间的充电链路接收所述充电适配器传输的充电电流，接收所述充电适配器发送的所述充电适配器向所述充电链路输出的充电电流的第一电流数值等。
电源芯片51可以调用所述电源芯片中的程序代码以执行以下操作：
在通过所述充电接口52接收所述充电适配器传输的充电电流的过程中，通过所述充电接口52接收所述第一电流数值；
检测从所述充电链路接收到的充电电流的第二电流数值；
在同一时刻的所述第一电流数值与所述第二电流数值的差值大于预设阈值的情况下，执行针对所述充电链路的安全防护策略。
进一步的，电源芯片还可以与充电接口相配合，执行本发明第一实施例至第二实施例中终端的操作。
请参阅图14，图14是本发明实施例中的另一种充电适配器的结构示意图，该充电适配器包括电源芯片61、充电接口62。电源芯片61连接到充电接口62，例如电源芯片61可以通过总线连接到充电接口62。
电源芯片61被配置为支持所述充电适配器执行上述方法中相应的功能。上述电源芯片61可以是专用集成电路(英文：application-specific integrated circuit，ASIC)，可编程逻辑器件(英文：programmable logic device，PLD)或其组合。上述PLD可以是复杂可编程逻辑器件(英文：complex programmable logic device，CPLD)，现场可编程逻辑门阵列(英文：field-programmable gate array，FPGA)，通用阵列逻辑(英文：generic array logic,GAL)或其任意组合。
充电接口62用于通过与终端之间的充电链路向所述终端传输充电电流，向所述终端发送向所述充电链路输出的充电电流的第一电流数值等。
电源芯片61可以调用所述电源芯片中的程序代码以执行以下操作：
在通过所述充电接口62向所述终端传输充电电流的过程中，通过所述充电接口62向所述终端发送向所述充电链路输出的充电电流的第一电流数值，所述第一电流数值用于与所述终端从所述充电链路接收到的同一时刻的充电电流的第二电流数值进行比较；
接收所述终端在检测到同一时刻的所述第一电流数值与所述第二电流数值的差值大于预设阈值的情况下发送的停止供电指令
根据所述停止供电指令停止向所述终端供电。
进一步的，电源芯片还可以与充电接口相配合，执行本发明第一实施例至第二实施例中充电适配器的操作。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例方法中的全部或部分流程，该流程可以由计算机程序来指令相关的硬件完成，该程序可存储于计算机可读取存储介质中，该程序在执行时，可包括如上述各方法实施例的流程。而前述的存储介质包括：ROM或随机存储记忆体RAM、磁碟或者光盘等各种可存储程序代码的介质。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种充电链路的情况的实时监测的方法，其特征在于，包括：
    在通过与充电适配器之间的充电链路接收所述充电适配器传输的充电电流的过程中，接收所述充电适配器发送的所述充电适配器向所述充电链路输出的充电电流的第一电流数值；
    检测从所述充电链路接收到的充电电流的第二电流数值；
    在同一时刻的所述第一电流数值与所述第二电流数值的差值大于预设阈值的情况下，执行针对所述充电链路的安全防护策略。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述接收所述充电适配器发送的所述充电适配器向所述充电链路输出的充电电流的第一电流数值包括：
    根据与所述充电适配器的通信连接接收所述充电适配器发送的所述充电适配器向所述充电链路输出的充电电流的第一电流数值。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述与所述充电适配器的通信连接包括：
    根据USB-PD协议通过Type-C接口的CC1或CC2引脚建立得到的与所述充电适配器的通信连接。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述接收所述充电适配器发送的所述充电适配器向所述充电链路输出的充电电流的第一电流数值包括：
    接收所述充电适配器发送的数据角色转换指令并将数据传输角色转换为数据主角色；
    在转换为数据主角色后，通过所述通信连接向所述充电适配器发送电流值请求；
    通过所述通信连接接收所述充电适配器根据所述电流值请求返回的所述第一电流数值。
  5. 如权利要求1-4任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述执行针对所述充电链路的安全防护策略包括：
    向所述充电适配器发送停止供电指令；
    断开与所述充电适配器的充电连接。
  6. 一种充电链路的情况的实时监测的方法，其特征在于，包括：
    在通过与终端之间的充电链路向所述终端传输充电电流的过程中，向所述终端发送向所述充电链路输出的充电电流的第一电流数值，所述第一电流数值用于与所述终端从所述充电链路接收到的同一时刻的充电电流的第二电流数值进行比较；
    接收所述终端在检测到同一时刻的所述第一电流数值与所述第二电流数值的差值大于预设阈值的情况下发送的停止供电指令；
    根据所述停止供电指令停止向所述终端供电。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述向终端发送向所述充电链路输出的充电电流的第一电流数值包括：
    根据与所述终端的通信连接向所述终端发送向所述充电链路输出的充电电流的第一电流数值。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述与所述终端的通信连接包括：
    根据所述USB-PD协议通过所述Type-C接口的CC1或CC2引脚建立得到的与所述终端的通信连接。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述向所述终端发送向所述充电链路输出的充电电流的第一电流数值包括：
    向所述终端发送数据角色转换指令并将数据传输角色转换为数据从角色；
    接收所述终端在转换为数据主角色后发送的电流值请求；
    根据所述电流值请求通过所述通信连接向所述终端发送所述第一电流数值。
  10. 一种终端，其特征在于，包括：
    接收模块，用于在通过与充电适配器之间的充电链路接收所述充电适配器传输的充电电流的过程中，接收所述充电适配器发送的所述充电适配器向所述充电链路输出的充电电流的第一电流数值；
    检测模块，用于检测从所述充电链路接收到的充电电流的第二电流数值；
    安全策略执行模块，用于在同一时刻的所述第一电流数值与所述第二电流数值的差值大于预设阈值的情况下，执行针对所述充电链路的安全防护策略。
  11. 一种充电适配器，其特征在于，包括：
    发送模块，用于在通过与终端之间的充电链路向所述终端传输充电电流的过程中，向所述终端发送向所述充电链路输出的充电电流的第一电流数值，所述第一电流数值用于与所述终端从所述充电链路接收到的同一时刻的充电电流的第二电流数值进行比较；
    停止指令接收模块，用于接收所述终端在检测到同一时刻的所述第一电流数值与所述第二电流数值的差值大于预设阈值的情况下发送的停止供电指令；
    停止供电模块，用于根据所述停止供电指令停止向所述终端供电。
  12. 一种终端，其特征在于，所述终端包括：电源芯片，充电接口；所述电源芯片连接到所述充电接口；
    所述充电接口，用于通过与充电适配器之间的充电链路接收所述充电适配器传输的充电电流，还用于接收所述充电适配器发送的所述充电适配器向所述充电链路输出的充电电流的第一电流数值；
    所述电源芯片用于执行如下步骤：
    在通过所述充电接口接收所述充电适配器传输的充电电流的过程中，通过所述充电接口接收所述第一电流数值；
    检测从所述充电链路接收到的充电电流的第二电流数值；
    在同一时刻的所述第一电流数值与所述第二电流数值的差值大于预设阈值的情况下，执行针对所述充电链路的安全防护策略。
  13. 一种充电适配器，其特征在于，所述充电适配器包括：电源芯片，充电接口；所述电源芯片连接到所述充电接口；
    所述充电接口，用于通过与终端之间的充电链路向所述终端传输充电电流，还用于向所述终端发送向所述充电链路输出的充电电流的第一电流数值；
    所述电源芯片用于执行如下步骤：
    在通过所述充电接口向所述终端传输充电电流的过程中，通过所述充电接口向所述终端发送向所述充电链路输出的充电电流的第一电流数值，所述第一电流数值用于与所述终端从所述充电链路接收到的同一时刻的充电电流的第二电流数值进行比较；
    接收所述终端在检测到同一时刻的所述第一电流数值与所述第二电流数值的差值大于预设阈值的情况下发送的停止供电指令
    根据所述停止供电指令停止向所述终端供电。
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