WO2018094782A1 - 一种海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱及立体养殖系统 - Google Patents

一种海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱及立体养殖系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018094782A1
WO2018094782A1 PCT/CN2016/109531 CN2016109531W WO2018094782A1 WO 2018094782 A1 WO2018094782 A1 WO 2018094782A1 CN 2016109531 W CN2016109531 W CN 2016109531W WO 2018094782 A1 WO2018094782 A1 WO 2018094782A1
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Prior art keywords
cage
steel
steel frame
culture
density polyethylene
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PCT/CN2016/109531
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郑向远
雷宇
陈道毅
李轶
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清华大学深圳研究生院
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Priority to US15/852,582 priority Critical patent/US10568304B2/en
Publication of WO2018094782A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018094782A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cage for marine aquaculture, in particular to a marine crustacean culture steel cage and a three-dimensional culture system.
  • a shrimp culture cage of the application number CN201520831245.9 discloses a shrimp culture cage, which is characterized in that a sand tray is arranged at the bottom of the floating cage.
  • the cage is equipped with a sand table at the bottom, it can provide shelter and habitat for shrimps to a certain extent, but it is only suitable for lakes, shallow seas and bays. And for the wind and waves In the large open sea, this type of cage floating on the sea moves with the waves and currents, and the sand in the sandbox leaks out; at the same time, the cage is deformed, causing the living space of the shrimp to be squeezed, and the netting body causes damage to the shrimp body, which will reduce The survival rate of shrimp.
  • the gravity type high-density polyethylene cages currently used have certain drawbacks.
  • the gravity type high-density polyethylene cage relies on a weight system suspended at the bottom of the net to reduce the deformation of the net under the action of the current, but this makes the operation of replacing the netting more difficult; if the weight is light, it is relatively easy to change the net.
  • the cage is highly deformed, the breeding volume is greatly reduced, and the economic benefits are reduced.
  • the gravity type high-density polyethylene cage is anchored in the cultured sea area by the anchorage system. When facing the typhoon, the anchorage system is prone to anchoring, causing the cage to be blown away or even overturned. Loss and damage to fish ecology. Therefore, it is necessary to further improve the existing gravity type high density polyethylene cage.
  • the present invention provides a marine crustacean culture steel structure cage and a three-dimensional breeding system.
  • a marine crustacean aquaculture steel cage comprising a top mesh system 12, a bottom mesh system 12, a side mesh system 13 and a ballast tank system 14, further comprising a steel frame 11 and a steel channel 16
  • the steel frame 11 includes an inner steel frame 16 and an outer steel frame fixed to the upper and lower ends of the inner steel frame; the top mesh system 12 and the bottom mesh system 12 are mesh and mesh The ribs are woven, and the edges of the top mesh system 12 and the bottom mesh system 12 are fixed in the corresponding steel grooves 16; the side mesh system 13 is a steel mesh system, and the inner layer Steel frame welding; the ballast water tank system 14 is disposed between the inner steel frame and the outer steel frame; the bottom mesh system 12 is in contact with the sea floor during breeding.
  • the entire cage When the ballast tank system 14 is filled with air, the entire cage can float on the sea surface under buoyancy; when the ballast tank system 14 is filled with sea water, the entire cage will slowly sink to the sea floor under the action of gravity. Thus, the entire cage is lifted from the sea floor to the surface of the water by controlling the ballast tank system 14.
  • the top mesh system 12 and/or the bottom mesh system 12 are nylon or polyethylene.
  • the inner steel frame and the outer steel frame each include a column, and the bottom of the inner steel frame and the outer steel frame are welded with a baffle 110, and the baffle 110 is welded thereon.
  • the tapered structure 111 has an area larger than an area of the bottom of the column.
  • the diameter of the column is relatively small. If there is soft soil such as silt on the bottom of the sea, the column will fall into the soil and be welded. After the circular baffle 110 is connected, the contact area with the sea bottom is increased, the column is not easily trapped, and the cage is placed on the seabed instead of being partially trapped in the soil; the tapered structure 111 can be inserted into the seabed sediment. Increases the lateral resistance, making the cage less prone to lateral movement.
  • the inner steel frame and the outer steel frame each comprise a post, the post 18 of the outer steel frame being higher than the post 19 of the inner steel frame, such that during sea towing The high-density polyethylene (round) cage directly falls over the steel cage and does not slip out of the steel cage.
  • a lifting eye is further included, the lifting lug is fixed to the top of the upright 19 of the inner steel frame to facilitate the mooring anchor rope and the high density polyethylene (round) cage A net-shaped cable is connected to the marine crustacean-cultured steel cage.
  • a feeding pipe 15 is further included, and one end of the feeding pipe 15 is connected to the buoy to float on the water surface, and the other end extends from the middle of the top meshing system 12 into the interior of the cage.
  • a float is disposed on the top mesh system 12 and a sink is disposed on the bottom mesh system 12.
  • the top mesh system 12 and/or the bottom mesh system 12 are nylon or polyethylene. While the density of nylon and polyethylene and the density of water are relatively close, when the marine crustacean cultured steel structure cage sinks on the seabed, the top mesh system 12 and the bottom mesh system 12 will move up and down with the water flow. Swing, which affects the growth of crustaceans in the cage. Therefore, the configuration of the float on the top mesh system will tighten the entire top mesh system to ensure the culture space of the crustacean; the sunken body system is placed on the bottom mesh system to make the whole bottom mesh system attached to the sea floor, ensuring Crustaceans can be inhabited into the seabed.
  • the ballast water tank system is composed of a plurality of high-density polyethylene air pipes, each of which is not connected to each other as a separate compartment; each of the pipes is provided with a seawater resistant rubber
  • the core capsule is provided with a gas nozzle on the wall of the core capsule, and the gas supply pipe with the inlet and outlet valves in the charging and exhausting device is connected with the gas nozzle, and the other end of the gas pipe is provided with a buoy floating on the sea surface; It is provided with intake and exhaust, water inlet and outlet holes, and the seawater in and out of the pipeline is controlled by the charging and exhausting of the rubber core capsule to realize the lifting and lowering of the cage in the seawater; the high density polyethylene pipe of the ballast water tank system passes through the sleeve A hoop (17) is fixed to the bottom of the steel frame, and the inner diameter of the ferrule (17) is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the high-density polyethylene pipe, and has a certain width to protect the high-dens
  • the present invention also provides a three-dimensional culture cage system comprising a high density polyethylene (circular) cage, a mooring anchor rope 3, a cable 4, and any of the marine crustacean culture steel structures described
  • a cage when cultured, the high-density polyethylene (circular) cage floats on the sea surface, and the marine crustacean-cultured steel cage is sunk on the seabed, and the high-density polyethylene (round) cage Mooring the mooring anchor rope 3 to the marine crustacean culture steel cage, the mesh system of the high density polyethylene (circular) cage passing the cable 4 and the marine crustacean Animal culture steel cages are connected to maintain the shape of the mesh system of the high density polyethylene (round) cage.
  • the inner steel frame and the outer steel frame each comprise a post, the upright 18 of the outer steel frame being taller than the upright 19 of the inner steel frame, and when transported, the marine crustacean
  • the animal culture steel structure cage floats on the surface of the sea and supports the high density polyethylene (circular) cage located within the uprights of the outer steel frame.
  • the marine crustacean culture steel cage of the invention has the bottom mesh and the sea bottom directly contacted, and the crustacean can move on the seabed; the cage has large rigidity and no deformation; when the culture is carried, the cage falls on the seabed, and the basic Unaffected by currents and waves, it can effectively solve the problem of cages in the harsh weather such as typhoons.
  • the above conditions provide a good growth environment for crustaceans.
  • the three-dimensional culture cage system consisting of the above-mentioned marine crustacean culture steel cage and high-density polyethylene (circular) cage fully utilizes the marine crustacean culture steel cage and high density
  • the role of polyethylene (circular) cages, while making full use of water resources, can achieve three-dimensional culture along the depth of the water.
  • high-density polyethylene (round) cages floating on the sea are relatively fixed in the sea by mooring anchor ropes, and can move with waves to some extent.
  • manure and residual bait of fish in high-density polyethylene (circular) cages can fall into the cages of marine crustacean culture steel, as part of the crustaceans, reducing the investment of crustacean bait. Feeding to reduce pollution to the marine environment.
  • the invention can realize the three-dimensional breeding purpose such as "upper fish farming, lower shrimp raising (crab, shellfish)" in the water depth direction.
  • the environmental and economic benefits of the invention are remarkable, and are suitable for breeding in coastal waters of China
  • Figure 1 is a front elevational view of a three-dimensional culture cage system in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a top view of a marine crustacean aquaculture steel cage according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of a steel frame and a ballast water tank system of a marine crustacean-cultured steel structure cage according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a special stainless steel tank for a marine crustacean-cultured steel structure cage according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the connection of mooring anchor ropes of a marine crustacean aquaculture steel cage according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the connection of a cable for maintaining the shape of a high-density polyethylene (circular) cage net in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 7 is a perspective view of a three-dimensional culture cage system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • an embodiment of a marine crustacean culture steel cage comprises: a steel frame 11, a top mesh system 12, a bottom mesh system 12, a side netting system 13, and a ballast. a water tank system 14 and a feed pipe 15, wherein the steel frame 11 may be a regular polygon, the steel frame 11 comprising an inner steel frame and an outer steel frame; the top mesh system 12 and/or the bottom mesh
  • the garment system 12 is woven from a nylon or polyethylene mesh and a mesh, and the edges of the top mesh system 12 and the bottom mesh system 12 are secured within the steel channel 16 such that the steel frame 11
  • the inner frame is sealedly connected, the side netting system 13 is a stainless steel mesh, welded to the inner frame of the steel frame 11, ie, the underlying netting system 12, the side netting system 13 and the top mesh system 12 enclose a closed culture space, of course, the closure here (the same below) means that the cultured marine crustaceans cannot escape from the space into the sea, and the seawater
  • the steel frame 11 is welded integrally by a vertical steel pipe, a horizontal steel pipe, and an obliquely supported steel pipe, as shown in FIG. 3, the inner steel frame and the outer steel frame of the steel frame 11
  • the bottom of the vertical steel pipe of the column is welded with a circular baffle 110, and the tapered structure 111 is welded on the circular baffle 110.
  • the diameter of the circular baffle 110 is larger than the diameter of the steel frame column.
  • a float is disposed on the top casing system 12 of the cage, and a sink is disposed on the undercoat system 12 of the cage; the top mesh system 12 and the bottom mesh system 12 are surrounded by a circle
  • the rib is placed in the special stainless steel tank 16 to form a seal, and the movable cover 112 fixes the rib in the stainless steel groove 16; the stainless steel groove 16 is welded to the top surface of the inner frame and the bottom surface of the inner frame of the steel frame 11 On the horizontal steel pipe.
  • the ballast water tank system 14 is comprised of a plurality of sections of high density polyethylene air tubes forming a subdivision; the high density polyethylene tubes of the ballast water tank system 14 are secured by the ferrule 17
  • the bottom of the steel frame 11 is located between the inner steel frame and the outer steel frame.
  • one end of the feeding pipe 15 is connected to the buoy to float on the water surface, and the other end extends from the middle of the top surface of the cage into the interior of the cage.
  • the outer steel frame uprights 18 of its steel frame are taller than the inner steel frame uprights 19.
  • U-shaped steel lugs are welded to the top end of the inner frame stud 19 for securing the mooring anchor rope 3 and the cable 4.
  • a three-dimensional culture cage system of the embodiment comprises a high density polyethylene (circular) cage 2, a mooring anchor rope 3, a cable 4, and the above-mentioned marine crustaceans.
  • a cultured steel structure cage 1 when cultured, the high-density polyethylene (circular) cage floats on the sea surface, the marine crustacean-cultured steel structure cage sinks on the sea floor, and the high-density polyethylene (round a cage is moored by the mooring anchor rope 3 to the marine crustacean culture steel cage, and the mesh system of the high density polyethylene (circular) cage passes the cable 4
  • the marine crustacean cultured steel cage is connected to maintain the shape of the mesh system of the high density polyethylene (round) cage.
  • high-density polyethylene (circular) cages and marine crustacean-cultured steel cages were completed on the shore.
  • the production of high-density polyethylene (round) cages is very mature, according to the current process, or directly to the manufacturer.
  • the steel frame 11 For the marine crustacean culture steel cage, the steel frame 11 needs to be completed first, and the number of sides of the regular polygon of the steel frame 11 is adapted to the number of sides of the marine crustacean culture steel cage.
  • Each side of the regular polygonal double-layer steel frame is machined at the factory and then transported to the site to assemble and weld each side into a unitary structure.
  • the ballast tank system and the netting system are mounted on the steel frame. After the marine crustacean culture steel cage is completed, the ballast tank system is inflated. After the aeration is completed, the marine crustacean culture steel cage is first hoisted into the water on the shore, and then the high density polyethylene (round) cage is suspended.
  • the cable between the mesh of the high-density polyethylene (circular) cage and the U-shaped lug of the upper end of the steel frame of the marine crustacean culture cage (high-density polyethylene)
  • the floating frame of the circular box and the mooring anchor rope between the U-shaped lugs on the upper end of the inner steel frame of the marine crustacean cage, and then the high-density polyethylene (round) cages are stacked Falling on the steel frame of the marine crustacean-raised steel cage (in the column 18 of the outer steel frame), the two cages were towed together with a tugboat. Because the center of gravity is very low, good towing stability can be guaranteed.
  • the water-based feeding machine is used to carry out the crustaceans in the marine crustacean culture steel cages and the fish in the high-density polyethylene (circular) cages through the corresponding feeding pipes. Feeding. One end of the feeding circuit of the marine crustacean culture steel cage is located inside the cage, and the other end is connected to the buoy to float on the sea surface. To evenly spread the bait, place a small high-density polyethylene float in the middle of the high-density polyethylene (round) cage and a 360° swivel on the small float. The water-based feeding machine is placed on the working fishing boat.
  • the corresponding feeding pipe and the feeding machine are connected, and the feeding machine is started, and the marine crustaceans can be passed through the corresponding feeding pipe.
  • the crustaceans in the animal culture steel cage 1 and the fish in the high density polyethylene (circular) cage 2 are fed. This can make a multi-purpose machine and save costs.
  • the fishing of high-density polyethylene (circular) cages is the same as that of the current cages; for the catching of crustaceans in marine crustaceans in steel cages, the height of the catch is high.
  • the space between the top and inner steel frames is the operating platform for the fishing personnel, and the activities on the special stainless steel tanks are removed.
  • the cover plate can be harvested by taking out the top mesh system.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)

Abstract

一种海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱及立体养殖网箱系统。该海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱（1）包括钢框架（11）、网衣系统、压载水舱系统（14）和钢槽（16）等，其中，钢槽（16）固定在内层钢框架的上下两端；顶面和底面网衣（12）由网片和网筋编织而成，其边缘分别固定在对应的钢槽（16）内；侧面网衣（13）为钢网衣，与内层钢框架焊接；压载水舱系统（14）布置在内外层框架之间。高密度聚乙烯（圆形）网箱（2）通过系锚绳系泊于海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱（1）上组成立体养殖网箱系统。高密度聚乙烯（圆形）网箱（2）的网衣通过缆绳（4）与海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱（1）的连接来维持自身形状。这样的立体养殖网箱系统能为海洋甲壳类动物提供良好的生长环境，实现"上养鱼、下养虾（蟹、贝）"立体化养殖目的。

Description

一种海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱及立体养殖系统 【技术领域】
本发明涉及一种海洋养殖领域的网箱，尤其涉及一种海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱及立体养殖系统。
【背景技术】
目前，人们的生活水平不断提高，越来越多肉质鲜美、营养丰富的海产品出现在餐桌上。许多海洋甲壳动物可供食用，且具有较高的营养价值，比如虾、贝和蟹等,深受广大消费者的欢迎，具有广阔的市场。但其产量在海洋渔业中所占比例不大，且大多数甲壳类海产品通过海洋捕捞获得，人工养殖规模较小或目前的人工养殖方式与可持续发展相违背。
以对虾养殖为例，我国的对虾养殖依然全部依赖于传统的池塘与虾池养殖模式，同样作为产虾大国的越南和印度等，也均大面积采用池塘养虾。采用池塘或虾池养殖对虾的缺点有：池塘水质难以控制；池塘或虾池的建设破坏了大量的农田和红树林；大量使用药物使得虾苗成长环境恶劣，进而造成虾品质差，受污染严重。这都不利于该产业的健康发展。
近年来海上网箱养鱼产业在我国沿海各地发展迅速，由挪威引进的重力式高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)浮式网箱被广泛使用，这种网箱养殖方式已经取得很好的经济效益。从全球来看，网箱养殖已成为海产品养殖的主流。但是至今还未见到在海上大规模开展虾和蟹等甲壳类海产品网箱养殖的报道。这主要是其生活习性、成长环境与鱼类有较大的不同，目前广泛使用的重力式高密度聚乙烯养鱼网箱不适合甲壳类海产品的养殖。以对虾为例，对虾为底栖种，抗风浪能力弱，在生长过程中需要蜕“壳”，因此在养殖过程中需要为其提供良好的隐蔽和栖息环境。而目前国内广泛使用的重力式高密度聚乙烯网箱，在养殖过程中网箱主体悬浮在水中，网衣柔软且随水流的运动变形大，不能为甲壳类动物提供安全而稳定的底栖环境。为了实现虾和蟹等甲壳类海产品的网箱规模化养殖，相关人员已经公布了相应的网箱模型。如申请号为CN201520831245.9的中国实用新型专利《一种对虾养殖网箱》，公开了一种对虾养殖网箱，其特征是在浮动网箱底部设置沙盘。这种网箱虽然在底部设置了沙盘，在一定程度上可以为对虾提供隐蔽和栖息环境，但只适用于湖泊、浅海和海湾等水域。而对于风浪更 大的开阔海域，漂浮在海面上的该型网箱随波浪和海流运动，沙盘中的沙易漏出；同时网箱变形，使得对虾生活空间受到挤压，网衣对虾体造成伤害，这会降低对虾的成活率。
此外，目前使用的重力式高密度聚乙烯网箱也有一定的缺陷。重力式高密度聚乙烯网箱依靠悬挂在网衣底部的配重系统以减小海流作用下的网衣变形，但这使更换网衣操作难度增加；若配重轻，则更换网衣相对容易，但网箱变形大，养殖体积大打折扣，经济效益降低。同时，重力式高密度聚乙烯网箱依靠锚碇系统系泊在养殖海域中，在面临台风时锚碇系统容易发生走锚，导致网箱被吹走甚至发生倾覆，网破鱼逃，造成经济损失并破坏鱼类生态。因此，有必要对现有的重力式高密度聚乙烯网箱做进一步改进。
【发明内容】
为了克服现有技术的不足，本发明提供了一种海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱及立体养殖系统
一种海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱，包括顶面网衣系统12、底面网衣系统12、侧面网衣系统13以及压载水舱系统14，还包括钢框架11和钢槽16，所述钢框架11包括内层钢框架和外层钢框架，所述钢槽16固定在内层钢框架的上下两端；所述顶面网衣系统12和底面网衣系统12由网片与网筋编织而成，所述顶面网衣系统12和底面网衣系统12的边缘固定在对应的所述钢槽16内；所述侧面网衣系统13为钢网衣系统，与所述内层钢框架焊接；所述压载水舱系统14布置在所述内层钢框架和外层钢框架之间；养殖时所述底面网衣系统12与海底接触。当所述压载水舱系统14充满空气，在浮力作用下整个网箱能够浮在海面；当所述压载水舱系统14充满海水，在重力作用下，整个网箱将缓慢沉向海底。因此，通过控制压载水舱系统14实现整个网箱从海底到水面的升降。
在一个实施例中，所述顶面网衣系统12和/或底面网衣系统12采用尼龙或聚乙烯。
在一个实施例中，所述内层钢框架和外层钢框架均包括立柱，所述内层钢框架和外层钢框架的立柱底部均焊接有挡板110，所述挡板110上焊接有锥形结构111，所述挡板110的面积大于立柱底部的面积。
立柱的直径比较小，如果海底有淤泥等软土时，立柱会陷入土中，焊 接所述圆形挡板110后，增大了与海底的接触面积，立柱不容易陷进去，保证网箱落在海床上，而不是部分陷入土中；锥形结构111可以插入海底泥沙中，增大了侧向阻力，使网箱不容易发生侧向移动。
在一个实施例中，所述内层钢框架和外层钢框架均包括立柱，所述外层钢框架的立柱18高于所述内层钢框架的立柱19，这样，在海上拖航过程中，所述高密度聚乙烯(圆形)网箱直接落在钢结构网箱上方，而且不至于从钢结构网箱上滑出。
在一个实施例中，还包括吊耳，所述吊耳固定在所述内层钢框架的立柱19的顶部，方便所述系泊锚绳和所述维持高密度聚乙烯(圆形)网箱网衣形状的缆绳与所述海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱的连接。
在一个实施例中，还包括投饵管道15，所述投饵管道15一端和浮标相连漂浮在水面上，另一端从所述顶面网衣系统12中间伸入网箱内部。
在一个实施例中，在所述顶面网衣系统12上配置浮子，在底面网衣系统12上配置沉子。
所述顶面网衣系统12和/或底面网衣系统12采用尼龙或聚乙烯。而尼龙和聚乙烯的密度和水的密度较为接近，海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱沉在海底时，所述顶面网衣系统12和所述底面网衣系统12会随水流运动而上下摆动，这会影响网箱中甲壳类动物的生长。因此，在顶面网衣系统上配置浮子将使整个顶面网衣系统张紧，保证甲壳类动物的养殖空间；在底面网衣系统上配置沉子使整个底面网衣系统贴在海底，保证甲壳类动物可钻入海底泥沙中栖息。
在一个实施例中，所述压载水舱系统为多段高密度聚乙烯空管组成，每段管道之间彼此不连通，作为独立的舱室；每段管道内均设有一个耐海水腐蚀的橡胶芯囊，芯囊管壁上装有气嘴，充排气装置中装有进排气阀门的输气管与气嘴相连，输气管的另一端上设置浮标，浮于海面上；每段管道上均设置有进排气、进排水孔，通过对橡胶芯囊的充排气控制管道内海水的进出，实现网箱在海水中的升降；所述压载水舱系统的高密度聚乙烯管通过套箍(17)固定在所述钢框架底部，所述套箍(17)内径比高密度聚乙烯管的外径略大，同时具有一定的宽度，以保护连接部位的高密度聚乙烯管。
本发明还提供了一种立体养殖网箱系统，包括高密度聚乙烯(圆形)网箱、系泊锚绳3、缆绳4、以及任一所述的海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构 网箱，养殖时，所述高密度聚乙烯(圆形)网箱漂浮于海面上，所述海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱沉于海底，所述高密度聚乙烯(圆形)网箱通过所述系泊锚绳3系泊于所述海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱，所述高密度聚乙烯(圆形)网箱的网衣系统通过所述缆绳4与所述海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱连接，以维持所述高密度聚乙烯(圆形)网箱的网衣系统的形状。
在一个实施例中，所述内层钢框架和外层钢框架均包括立柱，所述外层钢框架的立柱18比所述内层钢框架的立柱19高，运输时，所述海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱浮在海面上，并支撑位于所述外层钢框架的立柱内的所述高密度聚乙烯(圆形)网箱。
本发明的有益效果是：
本发明的一种海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱：其底面网衣与海底直接接触，甲壳类动物可在海底活动；网箱刚度大，不变形；养殖时，网箱落在海底，基本不受海流及波浪的影响，可以有效解决网箱在台风等恶劣天气下的自存问题。上述条件为甲壳类动物提供了良好的生长环境。
本发明的一种由上述海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱和高密度聚乙烯(圆形)网箱组成的立体养殖网箱系统，充分发挥了海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱和高密度聚乙烯(圆形)网箱的作用，同时充分利用了水体资源，可实现沿水深方向立体化养殖。养殖时，浮在海面上的高密度聚乙烯(圆形)网箱通过系泊锚绳相对固定在海域中，在一定程度上可随波浪运动。利用海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱来维持高密度聚乙烯(圆形)网箱网衣的形状，解决了重力式高密度聚乙烯网箱更换网衣困难的问题，同时高密度聚乙烯(圆形)网箱网衣变形小，保证了鱼类充足的养殖空间。利用海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱作为高密度聚乙烯(圆形)网箱的锚碇系统和配重系统，降低了网箱系统的造价，更重要的是高密度聚乙烯(圆形)网箱在恶劣天气下的锚泊定位问题得以有效解决。此外，高密度聚乙烯(圆形)网箱中鱼类的粪便和残饵可以落入海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱中，作为甲壳类动物的一部分饵料，减少了甲壳类动物饵料的投喂量，减轻对海洋环境的污染。
本发明可实现沿水深方向的诸如“上养鱼、下养虾(蟹、贝)”的立体化养殖目的。本发明的环境效益和经济效益显著，适合我国沿海海域养殖 业发展的需求，尤其是在20-50米的中深水域。
【附图说明】
图1是本发明一种实施例的立体养殖网箱系统的正视图
图2是本发明一种实施例的海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱的俯视图
图3是本发明一种实施例的海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱的钢框架与压载水舱系统布置示意图
图4是本发明一种实施例的海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱的特制不锈钢槽示意图
图5是本发明一种实施例的海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱的系泊锚绳连接示意图
图6是本发明一种实施例的维持高密度聚乙烯(圆形)网箱网衣形状的缆绳连接示意图
图7是本发明一种实施例的立体养殖网箱系统的立体示意图
【具体实施方式】
以下对发明的较佳实施例作进一步详细说明。
如图1-7所示，一种实施例的海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱，包括：钢框架11、顶面网衣系统12、底面网衣系统12、侧面网衣系统13、压载水舱系统14以及投饵管道15，其中，所述钢框架11可以呈正多边形，所述钢框架11包括内层钢框架和外层钢框架；所述顶面网衣系统12和/或底面网衣系统12由尼龙或聚乙烯网片与网筋编织而成，所述顶面网衣系统12和底面网衣系统12的边缘固定在所述钢槽16内，从而与所述钢框架11的内层框架密封连接，所述侧面网衣系统13为不锈钢网衣，与所述钢框架11的内层框架焊接密封，即，底面网衣系统12、侧面网衣系统13和顶面网衣系统12围成一个封闭的养殖空间，当然此处的封闭(下同)是指，养殖的海洋甲壳类动物无法从此空间逃入大海，海水是可以正常进入和流出这个养殖空间的；所述压载水舱系统14布置在所述钢框架11的内层钢框架和外层钢框架中间。
在一个实施例中，所述钢框架11由竖向钢管、水平钢管和斜向支撑钢管焊接成为一个整体，如图3所示，所述钢框架11的内层钢框架和外层钢框架的立柱竖向钢管底部均焊接有圆形挡板110，锥形结构111焊接在圆形挡板110上，圆形挡板110的直径大于钢框架立柱的直径。
在一个实施例中，在网箱顶面网衣系统12上配置浮子，在网箱底面网衣系统12上配置沉子；所述顶面网衣系统12和底面网衣系统12周边一圈网筋置入所述特制不锈钢槽16内形成密封，活动盖板112将上述网筋固定于不锈钢槽16内；所述不锈钢槽16焊接在所述钢框架11内层框架顶面和底面周边一圈的水平钢管上。
在一个实施例中，所述压载水舱系统14由多段高密度聚乙烯空管组成，形成分舱；所述压载水舱系统14的高密度聚乙烯管通过套箍17固定在所述钢框架11底部，并且位于所述内层钢框架和外层钢框架之间。
在一个实施例中，所述投饵管道15一端和浮标相连漂浮在水面上，另一端从网箱顶面中间伸入网箱内部。
在一个实施例中，其钢框架的外层钢框架立柱18比内层钢框架立柱19高。
如图5和6所示，在一个实施例中，在所述内层框架立柱19顶端焊接U型钢吊耳，用于固定系泊锚绳3和缆绳4。
如图1、5、6和7示，一种实施例的立体养殖网箱系统，包括高密度聚乙烯(圆形)网箱2、系泊锚绳3、缆绳4、上述的海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱1，养殖时，所述高密度聚乙烯(圆形)网箱漂浮于海面上，所述海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱沉于海底，所述高密度聚乙烯(圆形)网箱通过所述系泊锚绳3系泊于所述海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱，所述高密度聚乙烯(圆形)网箱的网衣系统通过所述缆绳4与所述海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱连接，以维持所述高密度聚乙烯(圆形)网箱的网衣系统的形状。
养殖开始前，在岸边先完成高密度聚乙烯(圆形)网箱和海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱的制作。高密度聚乙烯(圆形)网箱的制作已经非常成熟，按照目前的工艺流程即可，或直接向厂商订购。而对于海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱，需首先完成钢框架11的制作，钢框架11的正多边形的边数与海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱的边数相适应。在工厂加工焊接好正多边形双层钢框架的每一边，然后运到现场将每一边拼装并焊接成一个整体结构。海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱的钢框架焊接完毕后，再将压载水舱系统和网衣系统安装到钢框架上。海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱制作完成后，对压载水舱系统充气。充气完成后，在岸边先将海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱吊入水中，而后将高密度聚乙烯(圆形)网箱吊 至其正上方，连接好高密度聚乙烯(圆形)网箱的网衣和海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱内层钢框架立柱上端U型吊耳之间的缆绳、高密度聚乙烯(圆形)网箱的浮架和海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱内层钢框架立柱上端U型吊耳之间的系泊锚绳，再将高密度聚乙烯(圆形)网箱叠放落在海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱的钢框架上(在外层钢框架的立柱18内)，用拖船将两个网箱一起拖走。因为重心很低，可以保证良好的拖航稳性。抵达预定海域后，打开海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱每段高密度聚乙烯浮管的排气管阀门，橡胶芯囊排气，浮管内进入海水，海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱在重力大于浮力下缓慢沉至海底，高密度聚乙烯(圆形)网箱则依靠高密度聚乙烯浮管的浮力浮在水面上，所述的缆绳和系泊锚绳因此张紧，养殖网箱系统安装完成。
正常养殖过程中，采用水动式投饵机，通过相应的投饵管道对海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱中的甲壳类动物和高密度聚乙烯(圆形)网箱中的鱼类进行投饵。海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱的投饵管道一端位于网箱内部，另一端和浮标连接漂浮在海面上。为均匀抛洒饵料，在高密度聚乙烯(圆形)网箱中间放置一个小型高密度聚乙烯浮架，在小型浮架上设置一个360°回转装置。水动式投饵机放在工作渔船上，需要投喂饵料时，将相应的投饵管道和投饵机连接好，启动投饵机，即可通过相应的投饵管道对所述海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱1中的甲壳类动物和所述高密度聚乙烯(圆形)网箱2中的鱼类进行投饵。这样可以做到一机多用，节约成本。
高密度聚乙烯(圆形)网箱中鱼类的捕捞与目前网箱的起捕方式相同；对于海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱中甲壳类海产品的捕捞，起捕时，解开高密度聚乙烯(圆形)网箱和海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱之间的系泊锚绳和维持网衣形状的缆绳，对海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱的压载水舱系统充气，海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱在浮力大于重力下缓慢浮起至水面，在顶面内、外层钢框架间的空间即为捕捞人员的操作平台，移开特制不锈钢槽上的活动盖板，取出顶面的网衣系统，即可进行捕捞。
以上内容是结合具体的优选实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明，不能认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干简单推演或替换，都应当视为属于本发明由所提交的权利要求书确定的 专利保护范围。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱，包括顶面网衣系统(12)、底面网衣系统(12)、侧面网衣系统(13)以及压载水舱系统(14)，其特征在于：还包括钢框架(11)和钢槽(16)，所述钢框架(11)包括内层钢框架和外层钢框架，所述钢槽(16)固定在内层钢框架的上下两端；所述顶面网衣系统(12)和底面网衣系统(12)由网片与网筋编织而成，所述顶面网衣系统(12)和底面网衣系统(12)的边缘固定在对应的所述钢槽(16)内；所述侧面网衣系统(13)为钢网衣系统，与所述内层钢框架焊接；所述压载水舱系统(14)布置在所述内层钢框架和外层钢框架之间；养殖时所述底面网衣系统(12)与海底接触。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱，其特征是，
    所述顶面网衣系统(12)和/或底面网衣系统(12)采用尼龙或聚乙烯。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱，其特征是，
    所述内层钢框架和外层钢框架均包括立柱，所述内层钢框架和外层钢框架的立柱底部均焊接有挡板(110)，所述挡板(110)上焊接有锥形结构(111)，所述挡板(110)的面积大于立柱底部的面积。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱，其特征是，
    所述内层钢框架和外层钢框架均包括立柱，所述外层钢框架的立柱(18)高于所述内层钢框架的立柱(19)。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱，其特征是，还包括吊耳，所述吊耳固定在所述内层钢框架的立柱(19)的顶部。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱，其特征是，还包括投饵管道(15)，所述投饵管道(15)一端和浮标相连漂浮在水面上，另一端从所述顶面网衣系统(12)中间伸入网箱内部。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱，其特征是，
    在所述顶面网衣系统(12)上配置浮子，在底面网衣系统(12)上配置沉子。
  8. 一种立体养殖网箱系统，其特征是，包括高密度聚乙烯网箱、系泊锚绳(3)、缆绳(4)、以及如权利要求1-7任一所述的海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱，养殖时，所述高密度聚乙烯网箱漂浮于海面上，所述海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱沉于海底，所述高密度聚乙烯网箱通过所述 系泊锚绳(3)系泊于所述海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱，所述高密度聚乙烯网箱的网衣系统通过所述缆绳(4)与所述海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱的连接来维持自身形状。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的立体养殖网箱系统，其特征是，所述内层钢框架和外层钢框架均包括立柱，所述外层钢框架的立柱(18)高于所述内层钢框架的立柱(19)，因此在海面拖航运输时，所述海洋甲壳类动物养殖钢结构网箱可直接浮在海面上，并支撑位于其内的所述高密度聚乙烯网箱。
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