WO2018094705A1 - 液压支架和液压支架控制方法 - Google Patents

液压支架和液压支架控制方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2018094705A1
WO2018094705A1 PCT/CN2016/107358 CN2016107358W WO2018094705A1 WO 2018094705 A1 WO2018094705 A1 WO 2018094705A1 CN 2016107358 W CN2016107358 W CN 2016107358W WO 2018094705 A1 WO2018094705 A1 WO 2018094705A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pressure relief
pressure
hydraulic support
coal
relief device
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2016/107358
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
谢广祥
朱传奇
王磊
Original Assignee
安徽理工大学
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 安徽理工大学 filed Critical 安徽理工大学
Priority to PCT/CN2016/107358 priority Critical patent/WO2018094705A1/zh
Publication of WO2018094705A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018094705A1/zh

Links

Images

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D23/00—Mine roof supports for step- by- step movement, e.g. in combination with provisions for shifting of conveyors, mining machines, or guides therefor
    • E21D23/04—Structural features of the supporting construction, e.g. linking members between adjacent frames or sets of props; Means for counteracting lateral sliding on inclined floor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D23/00—Mine roof supports for step- by- step movement, e.g. in combination with provisions for shifting of conveyors, mining machines, or guides therefor
    • E21D23/16—Hydraulic or pneumatic features, e.g. circuits, arrangement or adaptation of valves, setting or retracting devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of coal mining, in particular to a hydraulic support for a coal-like coal working face and a hydraulic support control method, and a coal seam mining protection method.
  • the soft coal seam has low strength and poor structure. Under the long-term specific geological and mechanical conditions, it forms a physical and mechanical characteristic similar to that of loess. This broken and loose soil-like non-soil coal body is a kind of soil-like coal.
  • the pressure bracket is prevented by increasing the working resistance of the hydraulic support. This method has high performance requirements and high cost for the hydraulic support, and the pressure frame accident cannot be completely eliminated.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a hydraulic support for a coal-like coal working face to improve the stability of the coal wall during the mining process; when the pressure of the top plate is large, the pressure can be actively released in time to prevent the pressure frame.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a hydraulic support control method capable of actively releasing pressure in time when the pressure of the top plate is large to prevent the pressure frame.
  • the object of the present invention is also to provide a coal seam mining protection method for earth-like coal to improve the stability of the coal wall during coal wall mining.
  • the present invention provides a hydraulic support comprising a bracket base, a bracket top beam, a shifting jack, a guard panel, and a guard panel jack and a bracket pillar, the bracket pillar being located at the bracket top beam and the bracket base.
  • the utility model further comprises a front row pillar and a rear row pillar, characterized in that the utility model further comprises a front probe beam, a front probe beam jack, a front row pressure relief device arranged on the front row pillar column, And a rear row pressure relief device disposed on the rear row of the pillars, wherein the front probe beam is located in front of the bracket top beam, controlled by the front roof beam jack, and is supported in the support operation Inserting into the coal wall; the front row of the column is connected to the emulsion tank through the front row of pressure relief device, and the rear row of column is connected to the emulsion tank through the rear row of pressure relief device, the front row of pressure relief The device and the rear discharge pressure relief device are independently depressurized, and the front discharge pressure relief device and the rear discharge pressure relief device are both stepped pressure relief devices.
  • the front probe beam is a shovel type.
  • one end of the front probe beam jack is fixedly connected with the bracket top beam, and the other end is fixedly connected with the front probe beam.
  • one end of the top panel jack is connected to the bracket top beam, and the other end is connected to the guard panel.
  • the connecting end of the top panel is hinged to the bracket top beam.
  • the widths of the front probe beam and the front probe beam jack are smaller than the width of the bracket top beam.
  • the guard panel includes a guard panel parallel to the work surface during operation and a connecting rod located on the left and right sides of the soldering jack beam, wherein the connecting rod includes a connecting end hinged to the bracket top beam.
  • a position of the guard panel adjacent to the bottom surface of the front probe beam is provided with a relief surface, wherein the relief surface forms a relief space between the guard panel and the coal wall.
  • the bottom surface of the front probe beam is a sloped surface, and the angle with the horizontal plane is 5°-10°.
  • the front row pressure relief device is a three-stage pressure relief device, including a first sequence valve, a second sequence valve, and a third sequence valve sequentially connected in series with the main pressure relief oil line, and is further included in the first a first pressure relief valve in communication with the main pressure relief oil passage after the sequence valve, a second pressure relief valve in communication with the main pressure relief oil passage after the second sequence valve, and the third sequence valve a third pressure relief valve that is in communication with the main pressure relief oil passage, wherein the opening pressure of the first sequence valve is equal to 0.80-0.85 times working resistance of the hydraulic column, and the opening pressure of the second sequence valve is equal to hydraulic pressure 1.0-1.05 times working resistance of the column, the opening pressure of the third sequence valve is equal to 1.3-1.35 times working resistance of the hydraulic column, and the opening of the first pressure relief valve, the second pressure relief valve and the third pressure relief valve The pressure is 0.1-0.3 times the working resistance of the hydraulic column.
  • a hydraulic stand control method wherein the front discharge pressure relief device and the rear discharge pressure relief device are independently depressurized, and the pressure is released according to the top plate, and the top plate is When the pressure is applied, the front and/or rear heights of the top beam of the bracket are reduced by automatic stepping and unloading by the front row pressure relief device and/or the rear row pressure relief device to prevent the pressure frame.
  • the front discharge pressure relief device is divided into three stages according to the pressure of the top plate, wherein the first stage pressure relief is performed when the pressure reaches 0.80-0.85 times the working resistance, and the pressure reaches 1.0 after the first stage pressure relief. -1.05 times working resistance, the second stage pressure relief is performed, and after the second stage pressure relief valve, the pressure reaches 1.3-1.35 times working resistance and the third stage pressure is released.
  • a method for protecting coal seams of a type of earth coal using a hydraulic support of a soil-like coal face according to the above, the method comprising the steps of: mining a coal wall in a shearer drum When the hydraulic support is located, the front probe beam and the guard plate of the hydraulic support are recovered for coal cutting; after the coal cutting is completed, the support column of the hydraulic support is recovered, and the scraper conveyor and the shifting jack are used for traction.
  • the hydraulic support is integrally advanced, and then the support column is raised to support the support top beam; the front probe beam is opened to force the front probe beam to be inserted into the coal wall, and the guard panel jack is opened to open the guard plate; Use the shift jack to push the scraper conveyor and the shearer forward and wait for the next mining.
  • the invention designs a front probe beam at the front section of the top beam of the bracket and above the guard plate. After the coal cutter cuts the coal, the front probe beam can extend out and support the newly exposed roof panel under the push of the front probe jack. To prevent the roof from falling, to ensure The space between the hydraulic support and the coal wall improves the effective working space for the guard plate, which is beneficial to the complete opening of the hydraulic support guard plate, fully exerting the function of the guard plate of the hydraulic support, and improving the stability of the coal wall.
  • the front end and/or the rear end of the bracket top beam of the present invention independently reduce the height when the top plate is pressed, and the pressure is gradually released according to the pressure of the top plate, thereby functioning as a pressure-relieving buffer to prevent the tilting and pressing of the bracket.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a hydraulic support for a soil-like coal working face according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a top structure of a hydraulic support for a soil-like coal face according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a state of use of a hydraulic support for a soil-like coal face in a working face according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a structural schematic view showing a guard panel of a hydraulic support for a soil-like coal face according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a flow chart showing a coal seam mining protection method for a soil-like coal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing the principle of the three-stage pressure relief device of the stepped pressure relief hydraulic support of the present invention.
  • Bracket cover beam 14. Bracket tail beam;
  • FIGS 1 through 4 illustrate some embodiments in accordance with the present invention.
  • the hydraulic support of the earth-like coal working face comprises a support base 7, a support top beam 5, a support column 6, a shift jack 8, a guard plate 3, and a guard plate jack 4, and the support column is located at the bracket.
  • the hydraulic support further includes a front probe beam 1, a front probe beam jack 2, a front row pressure relief device disposed on the front row of the column pillars, and a rear row pressure relief device disposed on the rear row of the column pillars;
  • the front probe beam 1 is located in front of the bracket top beam 5, is controlled by the front roof jack 2, and is used for insertion into the coal wall during the support operation.
  • the front row of the column is connected to the emulsion tank through the front row pressure relief device
  • the rear row of the column is connected to the emulsion tank through the rear row pressure relief device
  • the front row pressure relief device and the rear row pressure relief device are independently relieved of pressure
  • the front row pressure relief device and the rear row pressure relief device are both stepped pressure relief devices.
  • one end of the front probe beam jack 2 is connected with the bracket top beam 5, the other end is connected with the front probe beam 1, and the front probe beam jack 2 is extended to push the front probe beam 1 forward, the guard panel jack One end of 4 is connected with the bracket top beam 5, the other end is connected with the guard panel 3, and the guard panel jack 4 is extended to open the guard panel 3, and the bracket pillar 6 is located between the bracket top beam 5 and the bracket base 7.
  • the bracket column 6 is used to support the bracket top beam 5, and the shifting jack 8 is connected to the bracket base 7.
  • the invention designs a front probe beam at the front section of the top beam of the bracket and above the guard plate. After the coal cutter cuts the coal, the front probe beam can extend out and support the newly exposed roof panel under the push of the front probe jack. To prevent the roof from falling off, to ensure the space between the hydraulic support and the coal wall, to improve the effective working space for the guard plate, to facilitate the full opening of the hydraulic support guard plate, and to maximize the role of the hydraulic support plate. Improve the stability of the coal wall.
  • the front probe beam 1 is of a spade type.
  • the top surface 1a of the front probe beam 1 is a horizontal plane, and the bottom surface 1b is a sloped surface.
  • the thickness of the front probe beam 1 is thinned from thickness and pointed at the end. More preferably, the angle of the bottom surface 1b of the front probe beam is between 5° and 10°, for example 6°.
  • the shape of the front probe beam is suitable for insertion into the coal seam, and the applied external force is small, and only a small local agglomeration or slag is generated to the coal wall.
  • the top of the sill 3 is a escaping surface 33 that is outwardly inclined with respect to the vertical working surface of the coal wall. Form a evasive space.
  • the setting of the avoidance surface facilitates the smooth opening of the guard panel.
  • the relief surface 33 and the bottom surface (beveled surface) of the front probe beam 1 are functionally matched to avoid a localized portion of the coal wall, thereby achieving a better support effect.
  • the width of the front probe beam 1 is narrowed from the width and the tip end is pointed.
  • the insertion resistance of the front probe beam can be further reduced.
  • the width of the front probe beam 1 and the front probe beam jack 2 is less than the width of the bracket top beam.
  • connecting rods may be disposed on both sides of the front probe beam jack for connecting the guard panels.
  • the fender 3 includes a fender body 31 parallel to the work surface during operation and a connecting rod 32 on the left and right sides of the front probe jack, wherein the connecting rod 32 The connecting end is hinged to the bracket top beam 5.
  • the space on both sides of the front probe jack is effectively and reasonably utilized.
  • the connecting rod 32 is fixedly connected to the bracket top beam 5 and the guard panel 31 is hinged to the connecting rod 32.
  • the connecting rod 32 is a fixing member. When recovering, the front probe beam is located between the connecting rods on both sides to protect the front probe beam.
  • the front row pressure relief device is stepped down according to the pressure of the top plate to a three-stage pressure relief, wherein the first stage pressure relief is performed when the pressure reaches 0.80-0.85 times the working resistance, after the first stage pressure relief When the pressure reaches 1.0-1.05 times working resistance, the second-stage pressure relief is performed, and after the second-stage pressure relief valve, the pressure reaches 1.3-1.35 times working resistance to perform three-stage pressure relief.
  • the stepwise pressure relief is controlled according to the relationship between the pressure of the top plate and the working resistance of the support column, and the first stage pressure relief occurs when the working resistance of the column is not reached (ie, 0.8-0.85 working resistance, When the time exceeds the normal support pressure range of the column, generally limited to 0.7 times the working resistance, it acts as a buffer to reduce pressure.
  • the front discharge pressure relief device or the rear discharge pressure relief device includes a first sequence valve, a second sequence valve and a third sequence valve which are sequentially connected in series on the main pressure relief oil passage.
  • a first pressure relief valve in communication with the main pressure relief oil passage after the first sequence valve
  • a second pressure relief valve in communication with the main pressure relief oil passage after the second sequence valve
  • a third pressure relief valve in communication with the main pressure relief oil passage after the third sequence valve
  • an opening pressure of the first sequence valve is equal to 0.80-0.85 times working resistance of the hydraulic column
  • the second The opening pressure of the sequence valve is equal to 1.0-1.05 times working resistance of the hydraulic column
  • the opening pressure of the third sequence valve is equal to 1.3-1.35 times working resistance of the hydraulic column
  • the opening pressure of the third pressure relief valve is 0.1-0.3 times the working resistance of the hydraulic column.
  • the three-stage unloading device automatically decompresses the pressure, the pressure of each pressure relief valve is small, the pressure relief action is reliable, and the higher the pressure of the top plate, the more the pressure relief valve is opened, the greater the unloading amount, the unloading reaction Fast, to a certain extent (for example, when not more than 3 times the working resistance) to avoid the pressure frame, pressure explosion problem.
  • the opening pressure of the first sequence valve is 35 MPa
  • the opening pressure of the second sequence valve is 40 MPa
  • the third sequence valve is 45 MPa.
  • the three-stage pressure relief device is an integral hydraulic valve that includes only one inlet P and one oil return port T, which simplifies the installation of the pipeline connection.
  • the two-stage unloading is employed, and the second sequence valve and the second pressure relief valve are omitted, and the unloading pressure is constant.
  • the front row of the column is a pressure relief device with a three-stage pressure relief
  • the rear column has a pressure relief device with a two-stage pressure relief.
  • the support column is recovered, and the scraper conveyor and the shifting jack traction bracket are integrally moved forward to support the newly exposed roof in time; then the bracket column is raised, the bracket top beam is supported, and the jack is used. Push the scraper conveyor and the shearer forward to complete a coal mining support process.
  • the pressure of the top plate is large, the first sequence valve and the first pressure relief valve with a threshold of 35 MPa will be actively opened after the pressure exceeds 35 MPa, the emulsion pressure is lowered, the pressure is relieved in time, the column is retracted, the bracket is lowered, and the bracket pressure is controlled. Die, and issue an early warning to remind the operator to take countermeasures.
  • the pressure relief valve After the pressure relief valve is opened, the volume of the emulsion cavity is small, the pressure drop of the emulsion is limited, the bracket still has a large supporting force, and the working surface can be normally recovered.
  • the second pressure relief valve corresponding to the second sequence valve with a threshold of 40 MPa or the third pressure relief valve corresponding to the third sequence valve with a threshold of 45 MPa is opened, and the pillar is further relieved of pressure, and the protection is timely. Hydraulic support.
  • the coal seam mining protection method for the earth-like coal includes the following steps:
  • the support column 6 is recovered, and the bracket is integrally advanced by the scraper conveyor 9 and the shift jack 8 , and then the bracket column 6 is raised, and the support bracket top is supported.
  • the invention fully utilizes the protection and support function of the hydraulic support to prevent accidents such as “film, take-off and leakage” which are harmful to safety production during the mining process, and achieve the purpose of safe and efficient recovery of the earth-like coal working face.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)

Abstract

一种液压支架、液压支架控制方法及使用所述液压支架进行类土质煤煤层开采防护方法，该液压支架包括支架底座（7）、支架顶梁（5）、推移千斤顶（8）、护帮板（3）、护帮板千斤顶（4）、支架立柱（6），支架立柱（6）包括前排支架立柱和后排支架立柱，还包括前探顶梁（1）、前探顶梁千斤顶（2）、前排卸压装置和后排卸压装置，其中，前探顶梁（1）位于支架顶梁（5）的前方，由前探顶梁千斤顶（2）控制伸缩，在支护作业时插入煤壁（12）中；前排支架立柱通过前排卸压装置与乳化液箱连通，后排支架立柱通过后排卸压装置与乳化液箱连通，前、后排卸压装置相互独立卸压，并且前、后排卸压装置均为分级卸压装置。针对类土质煤层，利用前探顶梁（1）为护帮板（3）提供有效的工作空间，有利于液压支架护帮板（3）的完全打开，充分发挥液压支架的护板作用，进而提高煤壁（12）的稳定性。

Description

液压支架和液压支架控制方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种煤矿开采技术领域，尤其是涉及一种类土质煤工作面液压支架及液压支架控制方法、煤层开采防护方法。
背景技术
松软煤层强度低，结构性差，在长期特定的地质与力学条件下形成了与黄土相似的物理力学特征，这种破碎、松散的似土非土的煤体，为类土质煤。
类土质煤工作面采掘过程中煤壁易片帮失稳，煤壁的稳定性问题严重制约了类土质煤层的安全高效开采。煤层回采时，液压支架起到关键的支撑作用，选择合适的液压支架是防控煤壁片帮，提高煤体稳定性的前提。
现有的针对松软煤层工作面的液压支架虽然增加了护帮板，但在采煤机割煤后，新暴露的顶部极易冒落，冒落的煤岩体堆积在煤壁前方，减小了液压支架前方的空间，致使护帮板难以完全打开，支架的护帮性能得不到充分发挥，支护效果也不明显，无法最大限度的提高煤体稳定性。
煤炭采出后，采场围岩的应力重新分布，一部分原本作用于采场周围围岩上的应力转移到液压支架上，当作用在支架上的压力很大时，若不能及时卸压，极易造成支架的穿底甚至压死，致使工作面推进停滞，严重影响生产。
目前多通过提高液压支架工作阻力来防止压架，这种方式对液压支架的性能要求很高，成本也较高，且不能彻底杜绝压架事故。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种类土质煤工作面液压支架，以提高开采过程中煤壁的稳定性；当顶板来压较大时能够及时主动地卸压，防止压架。
本发明的目的还在于提供一种液压支架控制方法，当顶板来压较大时能够及时主动地卸压，防止压架。
本发明的目的还在于提供一种类土质煤的煤层开采防护方法，以提高煤壁开采过程中煤壁的稳定性。
为此，本发明提供了一种一种液压支架，包括支架底座、支架顶梁、推移千斤顶、护帮板、以及护帮板千斤顶、支架立柱，所述支架立柱位于支架顶梁和支架底座之间，包括前排支架立柱和后排支架立柱，其特征在于，其特征在于，还包括前探顶梁、前探顶梁千斤顶、在所述前排支架立柱上设置的前排卸压装置、以及在所述后排支架立柱上设置的后排卸压装置，其中，所述前探顶梁位于所述支架顶梁的前方，由所述前探顶梁千斤顶控制伸缩，并且在支护作业时插入煤壁中；所述前排支架立柱通过前排卸压装置与乳化液箱连通，所述后排支架立柱通过后排卸压装置与所述乳化液箱连通，所述前排卸压装置和后排卸压装置相互独立地卸压，并且所述前排卸压装置和后排卸压装置均为分级卸压装置。
进一步地，上述前探顶梁为铲型。
进一步地，上述前探顶梁千斤顶的一端与支架顶梁固定连接，另一端与前探顶梁固定连接。
进一步地，上述护帮板千斤顶的一端与支架顶梁连接，另一端与护帮板相连接。
进一步地，上述护帮板的连接端与支架顶梁铰接。
进一步地，上述前探顶梁和前探顶梁千斤顶的宽度小于支架顶梁的宽度。
进一步地，上述护帮板包括在工作时平行于作业面的护帮板体和位于钎探顶梁千斤顶左右两侧的连接杆，其中，连接杆包括与支架顶梁铰接的连接端。
进一步地，上述护帮板的靠近前探顶梁底面的位置设有避让面，其中，避让面在护帮板支护作业时与煤壁之间形成避让空间。
进一步地，上述前探顶梁的底面为斜面，与水平面的夹角为5°-10°。
进一步地，所述前排卸压装置为三级卸压装置，包括与主卸压油路上顺序串联的第一顺序阀、第二顺序阀、以及第三顺序阀，还包括在所述第一顺序阀之后与所述主卸压油路连通的第一卸压阀、在所述第二顺序阀之后与所述主卸压油路连通的第二卸压阀、在所述第三顺序阀后与所述主卸压油路连通的第三卸压阀，其中，所述第一顺序阀的开启压力等于液压立柱的0.80-0.85倍工作阻力，所述第二顺序阀的开启压力等于液压立柱的1.0-1.05倍工作阻力，所述第三顺序阀的开启压力等于液压立柱的1.3-1.35倍工作阻力，所述第一卸压阀、第二卸压阀和第三卸压阀的开启压力为液压立柱的0.1-0.3倍工作阻力。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供了一种液压支架控制方法，使所述前排卸压装置和所述后排卸压装置相互独立地卸压，并且根据顶板来压分级卸压，当顶板来压时通过前排卸压装置和/或后排卸压装置自动分级卸荷，来降低支架顶梁的前部和/或后部高度，以防止压架。
进一步，所述前排卸压装置根据顶板压力分级卸压为三级卸压，其中，在压力达到0.80-0.85倍工作阻力时进行一级卸压，在所述一级卸压后压力达到1.0-1.05倍工作阻力时时进行二级卸压，在二级卸压阀后压力达到1.3-1.35倍工作阻力进行三级卸压。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供了一种类土质煤的煤层开采防护方法，使用根据上面所描述的类土质煤工作面液压支架，该防护方法包括以下步骤：在采煤机滚筒开采煤壁到达所述液压支架所在位置时，回收所述液压支架的前探顶梁和护帮板，进行割煤；割煤结束随后回收所述液压支架的支架立柱，利用刮板输送机和推移千斤顶牵引液压支架整体前移，随后升起所述支架立柱，支撑所述支架顶梁；开启前探顶梁千斤顶迫使所述前探顶梁插入煤壁，并且开启护帮板千斤顶打开护帮板；以及利用推移千斤顶推动刮板输送机和采煤机前移，等待下次开采。
与已有技术相比，本发明有益效果体现在：
本发明在支架顶梁前段、护帮板上方设计了前探顶梁，在采煤机割煤后，前探顶梁在前探顶梁千斤顶的推动下能够及时伸出支护新暴露的顶板，防止顶板冒落，保证 了液压支架与煤壁间的空间，为护帮板提高有效的工作空间，有利于液压支架护帮板的完全打开，充分地发挥液压支架的护板作用，提高煤壁的稳定性。
本发明支架顶梁的前端和/或后端在顶板来压时独立地降低高度，并且根据顶板压力分级卸压，从而起到降压缓冲的作用，以防止支架的倾斜和压架。
除了上面所描述的目的、特征和优点之外，本发明还有其它的目的、特征和优点。下面将参照图，对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
附图说明
构成本申请的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中：
图1示出了根据本发明一实施例的类土质煤工作面液压支架的结构示意图；
图2示出了根据本发明一实施例的类土质煤工作面液压支架的顶部结构；
图3示出了根据本发明一实施例的类土质煤工作面液压支架在回采工作面使用状态的示意图；
图4示出了根据本发明一实施例的类土质煤工作面液压支架的护帮板的结构示意图；以及
图5示出了根据本发明一实施例的类土质煤的煤层开采防护方法的流程图。
图6示出了本发明的分级卸压液压支架的三级卸压装置的原理示意图。
附图标记说明
1、前探顶梁；          2、前探顶梁千斤顶；
3、护帮板；            4、护帮板千斤顶；
5、支架顶梁；          6、支架立柱；
7、支架底座；          8、推移千斤顶；
9、刮板输送机；        10、采煤机；
11、采煤机滚筒；       12、煤壁；
13、支架掩护梁；       14、支架尾梁；
31、护帮板体；         32、连接杆；
33、避让面；           1a、顶面；
1b、底面；             61卸压阀；
62、预警装置；         15、采空区；
16煤层顶板；           17煤层地板
20、卸压装置；
21、第一顺序阀；       22、第二顺序阀；
23、第三顺序阀；       24、第一卸压阀；
25、第二卸压阀；       26、第三卸压阀。
具体实施方式
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本发明。
图1至图4示出了根据本发明的一些实施例。
如图1和图3所示，类土质煤工作面液压支架包括支架底座7、支架顶梁5、支架立柱6、推移千斤顶8、护帮板3、以及护帮板千斤顶4，支架立柱位于支架顶梁和支架底座之间，包括前排支架立柱和后排支架立柱。液压支架还包括前探顶梁1、前探顶梁千斤顶2、在所述前排支架立柱上设置的前排卸压装置、以及在所述后排支架立柱上设置的后排卸压装置；其中，前探顶梁1位于支架顶梁5的前方，由前探顶梁千斤顶2控制伸缩，并且在支护作业时用于插入煤壁中。前排支架立柱通过前排卸压装置与乳化液箱连通，所述后排支架立柱通过后排卸压装置与所述乳化液箱连通，所述 前排卸压装置和后排卸压装置相互独立地卸压，并且所述前排卸压装置和后排卸压装置均为分级卸压装置。
其中，前探顶梁千斤顶2一端与支架顶梁5相连接，另一端与前探顶梁1相连接，前探顶梁千斤顶2伸出可推动前探顶梁1前移，护帮板千斤顶4的一端与支架顶梁5相连接，另一端与护帮板3相连接，护帮板千斤顶4伸出可打开护帮板3，支架立柱6位于支架顶梁5与支架底座7之间，支架立柱6用于支撑支架顶梁5，推移千斤顶8与支架底座7相连接。
本发明在支架顶梁前段、护帮板上方设计了前探顶梁，在采煤机割煤后，前探顶梁在前探顶梁千斤顶的推动下能够及时伸出支护新暴露的顶板，防止顶板冒落，保证了液压支架与煤壁间的空间，为护帮板提高有效的工作空间，有利于液压支架护帮板的完全打开，能够最大限度的发挥液压支架的护板作用，提高煤壁的稳定性。
在一实施例中，如图2所示，前探顶梁1为铲型。优选地，前探顶梁1的顶面1a为水平面，底面1b为斜面，沿前探顶梁1的伸出方向，前探顶梁1的厚度由厚变薄，末端呈尖状。更优选地，前探顶梁的底面1b的斜角在5°-10°之间，例如6°。在本实施例中，前探顶梁的形状适合插入煤层中，所施加的外力小，仅对煤壁产生较小幅度的局部隆起或掉渣。
在一实施例中，如图1和图4所示，在护帮板的工作位置，护帮板3的顶部为避让面33，该避让面33相对于煤壁的垂直工作面外倾，以形成避让空间。在本实施例中，避让面的设置有利于护帮板的顺利打开。同时，该避让面33与前探顶梁1的底面(斜面)在功能上相互配合，避让煤壁局部隆起的部位，从而能够达到更好的支护效果。
在一实施例中，如图2所示，沿前探顶梁的伸出方向，前探顶梁1的宽度由宽变窄，末端呈尖状。在本实施例中，可进一步减少前探顶梁的插入阻力。
在一实施例中，前探顶梁1和前探顶梁千斤顶2的宽度小于支架顶梁的宽度。在本实施例中，在支架顶梁的宽度范围内，前探顶梁千斤顶两侧可设置连接杆，用于连接护帮板。
在一实施例中，如图4所示，护帮板3包括在工作时平行于作业面的护帮板体31和位于前探顶梁千斤顶左右两侧的连接杆32，其中，连接杆32的连接端与支架顶梁5铰接。在本实施例中，有效合理地利用了前探顶梁千斤顶两侧的空间。在一变型实施例中，连接杆32与支架顶梁5固定连接，护帮板体31与连接杆32铰接。在本变型实施例中，连接杆32为固定件，在回收时，前探顶梁位于两侧的连接杆之间，对前探顶梁起到保护作用。
在一实施例中，上述前排卸压装置根据顶板压力分级卸压为三级卸压，其中，在压力达到0.80-0.85倍工作阻力时进行一级卸压，在所述一级卸压后压力达到1.0-1.05倍工作阻力时时进行二级卸压，在二级卸压阀后压力达到1.3-1.35倍工作阻力进行三级卸压。
在本实施例中，根据顶板来压与支架立柱的工作阻力之间的大小关系来控制分级卸压，并且一级卸压发生在未达到支架立柱的工作阻力(即0.8-0.85工作阻力，此时超出了支架立柱的正常支撑压力范围，一般限定在0.7倍工作阻力以下)之时，起到缓冲降压作用。
在一实施例中，如图6所示，上述前排卸压装置或后排卸压装置包括在主卸压油路上顺序串接的第一顺序阀、第二顺序阀和第三顺序阀，还包括在所述第一顺序阀之后与所述主卸压油路连通的第一卸压阀、在所述第二顺序阀之后与所述主卸压油路连通的第二卸压阀、在所述第三顺序阀之后与所述主卸压油路连通的第三卸压阀，其中，所述第一顺序阀的开启压力等于液压立柱的0.80-0.85倍工作阻力，所述第二顺序阀的开启压力等于液压立柱的1.0-1.05倍工作阻力，所述第三顺序阀的开启压力等于液压立柱的1.3-1.35倍工作阻力，所述第一卸压阀、第二卸压阀和第三卸压阀的开启压力为液压立柱的0.1-0.3倍工作阻力。
在本实施例中，三级卸荷装置自动分级卸压，各卸压阀动作压力小，卸压动作可靠，顶板压力越高开启的卸压阀越多，卸荷量越大，卸荷反应快速，在一定程度上(例如在不超过3倍工作阻力时)避免了压架、压爆问题。与现有技术相比，无需在缸体壁上额外开设卸荷小孔，与二级卸荷相比，卸荷更可靠。在一液压支架中，第一顺序阀的开启压力为35MPa，第二顺序阀的开启压力为40MPa，第三顺序阀为45MPa。
在一实施例中，上述三级卸压装置为整体式液压阀，仅包括一个进口P和一个回油口T，简化了管路连接安装。
在图6所示的实施例的变型实施例中，采用二级卸荷，省略了第二顺序阀和第二卸压阀，卸荷压力不变。
在一实施例中，前排支架立柱采用3级卸压的卸压装置，后排支架立柱采用2级卸压的卸压装置。
下面结合附图3具体说明本发明液压支架的控制方法：
采煤机滚筒割煤结束后，回收支架立柱，运用刮板输送机和推移千斤顶牵引支架整体前移，及时支护新暴露的顶板；随后升起支架立柱，支撑支架顶梁，并利用推移千斤顶推动刮板输送机和采煤机前移，完成一次采煤支护过程。当顶板来压较大时，压力超出35MPa后，阈值为35MPa的第一顺序阀和第一卸压阀会主动开启，降低乳化液压力，及时卸压，收回支架立柱，降低支架，防治支架压死，同时发出预警，提醒作业人员采取应对措施，卸压阀开启后，乳化液腔的空间扩大量较小，乳化液压力下降值有限，支架仍具有很大的支撑力，工作面可以正常回采，当顶板来压更大后，阈值为40MPa的第二顺序阀对应的第二卸压阀或阈值为45MPa的第三顺序阀对应的第三卸压阀开启，支柱进一步卸压，及时保护了液压支架。
如图5所示，类土质煤的煤层开采防护方法包括以下步骤：
S11、在采煤机滚筒开采煤壁到达所述液压支架所在位置时，回收所述液压支架的前探顶梁和护帮板，进行割煤；
S13、割煤结束后回收所述液压支架的支架立柱，利用刮板输送机和推移千斤顶牵引液压支架整体前移，随后升起所述支架立柱，支撑所述支架顶梁；
S15、开启前探顶梁千斤顶迫使所述前探顶梁插入煤壁，并且开启护帮板千斤顶打开护帮板；以及
S17、利用推移千斤顶推动刮板输送机和采煤机前移，等待下次开采。
根据本发明的煤层开采防护方法，采煤机滚筒11割煤结束后，回收支架立柱6，利用刮板输送机9和推移千斤顶8牵引支架整体前移，随后升起支架立柱6，支撑支架顶梁5，开启护帮板千斤顶4、促使前探顶梁插入煤壁，然后打开护帮板3，完全隔离新暴露的顶板达到防止冒顶的目的；最后利用推移千斤顶8推动刮板输送机9和采煤机10前移，完成一次采煤支护过程。
本发明充分发挥了液压支架的护帮和支护作用，防止开采过程中发生“片、冒、漏”等危害安全生产的事故，达到类土质煤工作面安全高效回采的目的。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种液压支架，包括支架底座、支架顶梁、推移千斤顶、护帮板、以及护帮板千斤顶、支架立柱，所述支架立柱位于支架顶梁和支架底座之间，包括前排支架立柱和后排支架立柱，其特征在于，其特征在于，还包括前探顶梁、前探顶梁千斤顶、在所述前排支架立柱上设置的前排卸压装置、以及在所述后排支架立柱上设置的后排卸压装置，其中，所述前探顶梁位于所述支架顶梁的前方，由所述前探顶梁千斤顶控制伸缩，并且在支护作业时插入煤壁中；所述前排支架立柱通过前排卸压装置与乳化液箱连通，所述后排支架立柱通过后排卸压装置与所述乳化液箱连通，所述前排卸压装置和后排卸压装置相互独立地卸压，并且所述前排卸压装置和后排卸压装置均为分级卸压装置。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种液压支架，其特征在于，所述前排卸压装置为三级卸压装置，包括与主卸压油路上顺序串联的第一顺序阀、第二顺序阀、以及第三顺序阀，还包括在所述第一顺序阀之后与所述主卸压油路连通的第一卸压阀、在所述第二顺序阀之后与所述主卸压油路连通的第二卸压阀、在所述第三顺序阀后与所述主卸压油路连通的第三卸压阀，其中，所述第一顺序阀的开启压力等于液压立柱的0.80-0.85倍工作阻力，所述第二顺序阀的开启压力等于液压立柱的1.0-1.05倍工作阻力，所述第三顺序阀的开启压力等于液压立柱的1.3-1.35倍工作阻力，所述第一卸压阀、第二卸压阀和第三卸压阀的开启压力为液压立柱的0.1-0.3倍工作阻力。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种液压支架，其特征在于，所述护帮板(3)包括在支护作业时平行于煤壁面的护帮板体(31)和位于所述前探顶梁千斤顶(2)左右两侧的连接杆(32)，其中，所述连接杆(32)包括与所述支架顶梁(5)铰接的连接端。
  4. 一种权利要求2所述的液压支架控制方法，其特征在于，使所述前排卸压装置和所述后排卸压装置相互独立地卸压，并且根据顶板来压分级卸压，当顶板来压时通过前排卸压装置和/或后排卸压装置自动分级卸荷，来降低支架顶梁的前部和/或后部高度，以防止压架。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的液压支架控制方法，其特征在于，所述前排卸压装置根据顶板压力分级卸压为三级卸压，其中，在压力达到0.80-0.85倍工作阻力时进行一级卸压，在所述一级卸压后压力达到1.0-1.05倍工作阻力时时进行二级卸压，在二级卸压阀后压力达到1.3-1.35倍工作阻力进行三级卸压。
  6. 一种类土质煤煤层开采防护方法，其特征在于，使用根据权利要求1-3中任一项液压支架，所述防护方法包括：
    步骤一：在采煤机滚筒开采煤壁到达所述液压支架所在位置时，回收所述液压支架的前探顶梁和护帮板，进行割煤；
    步骤二、割煤结束后回收所述液压支架的支架立柱，利用刮板输送机和推移千斤顶牵引液压支架整体前移，随后升起所述支架立柱，支撑所述支架顶梁；
    步骤三、开启前探顶梁千斤顶迫使所述前探顶梁插入煤壁，并且开启护帮板千斤顶打开护帮板；以及
    步骤四：利用推移千斤顶推动刮板输送机和采煤机前移，等待下次开采。
PCT/CN2016/107358 2016-11-25 2016-11-25 液压支架和液压支架控制方法 WO2018094705A1 (zh)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CN2016/107358 WO2018094705A1 (zh) 2016-11-25 2016-11-25 液压支架和液压支架控制方法

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CN2016/107358 WO2018094705A1 (zh) 2016-11-25 2016-11-25 液压支架和液压支架控制方法

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2018094705A1 true WO2018094705A1 (zh) 2018-05-31

Family

ID=62194560

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2016/107358 WO2018094705A1 (zh) 2016-11-25 2016-11-25 液压支架和液压支架控制方法

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2018094705A1 (zh)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109026112A (zh) * 2018-10-12 2018-12-18 辽宁威跃集团机械制造有限公司 煤矿液压支架调向回收装置
CN110107329A (zh) * 2019-06-26 2019-08-09 三一重型装备有限公司 抬底机构和液压支架
CN110728003A (zh) * 2019-10-17 2020-01-24 天地科技股份有限公司 一种井工煤矿工作面液压支架压力智能预测方法
CN111255499A (zh) * 2020-03-17 2020-06-09 兖矿集团有限公司 滑顶移架用控制装置及相应的液压支架和滑顶移架方法
CN111678794A (zh) * 2020-06-23 2020-09-18 天地科技股份有限公司 一种液压支架外加载实验装置与实验方法
CN112610262A (zh) * 2020-11-30 2021-04-06 中国矿业大学 一种适用于沿空留巷的高水材料充填装置及方法

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3848928A (en) * 1973-02-12 1974-11-19 Taiheiyo Coal Mining Co Ltd Pantographic wall protector and automatic controlling device thereof
CN201059199Y (zh) * 2007-06-14 2008-05-14 郑州四维机电设备制造有限公司 一种适用于综合机械化放顶煤工作面的液压支架
CN102704977A (zh) * 2012-07-09 2012-10-03 中国矿业大学 通用型超静定液压支架
CN103557023A (zh) * 2013-11-15 2014-02-05 中煤北京煤矿机械有限责任公司 极软煤层液压支架
CN203907205U (zh) * 2014-06-19 2014-10-29 重庆爱尔机电有限公司 Cng并联式集成优先自动顺序控制柜
CN104213930A (zh) * 2014-09-10 2014-12-17 山东科技大学 并联液压支架及其应用
CN106437808A (zh) * 2016-11-25 2017-02-22 安徽理工大学 液压支架和液压支架控制方法
CN206174981U (zh) * 2016-11-25 2017-05-17 安徽理工大学 液压支架

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3848928A (en) * 1973-02-12 1974-11-19 Taiheiyo Coal Mining Co Ltd Pantographic wall protector and automatic controlling device thereof
CN201059199Y (zh) * 2007-06-14 2008-05-14 郑州四维机电设备制造有限公司 一种适用于综合机械化放顶煤工作面的液压支架
CN102704977A (zh) * 2012-07-09 2012-10-03 中国矿业大学 通用型超静定液压支架
CN103557023A (zh) * 2013-11-15 2014-02-05 中煤北京煤矿机械有限责任公司 极软煤层液压支架
CN203907205U (zh) * 2014-06-19 2014-10-29 重庆爱尔机电有限公司 Cng并联式集成优先自动顺序控制柜
CN104213930A (zh) * 2014-09-10 2014-12-17 山东科技大学 并联液压支架及其应用
CN106437808A (zh) * 2016-11-25 2017-02-22 安徽理工大学 液压支架和液压支架控制方法
CN206174981U (zh) * 2016-11-25 2017-05-17 安徽理工大学 液压支架

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109026112A (zh) * 2018-10-12 2018-12-18 辽宁威跃集团机械制造有限公司 煤矿液压支架调向回收装置
CN109026112B (zh) * 2018-10-12 2024-03-08 辽宁威跃集团机械制造有限公司 煤矿液压支架调向回收装置
CN110107329A (zh) * 2019-06-26 2019-08-09 三一重型装备有限公司 抬底机构和液压支架
CN110107329B (zh) * 2019-06-26 2024-03-08 三一重型装备有限公司 抬底机构和液压支架
CN110728003A (zh) * 2019-10-17 2020-01-24 天地科技股份有限公司 一种井工煤矿工作面液压支架压力智能预测方法
CN110728003B (zh) * 2019-10-17 2023-06-23 天地科技股份有限公司 一种井工煤矿工作面液压支架压力智能预测方法
CN111255499A (zh) * 2020-03-17 2020-06-09 兖矿集团有限公司 滑顶移架用控制装置及相应的液压支架和滑顶移架方法
CN111678794A (zh) * 2020-06-23 2020-09-18 天地科技股份有限公司 一种液压支架外加载实验装置与实验方法
CN111678794B (zh) * 2020-06-23 2023-01-24 天地科技股份有限公司 一种液压支架外加载实验装置与实验方法
CN112610262A (zh) * 2020-11-30 2021-04-06 中国矿业大学 一种适用于沿空留巷的高水材料充填装置及方法

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2018094705A1 (zh) 液压支架和液压支架控制方法
Yun et al. Monitoring strata behavior due to multi-slicing top coal caving longwall mining in steeply dipping extra thick coal seam
CN103643979A (zh) 用于巷道临时支护的液压支架及其架设、使用方法
WO2018094657A1 (zh) 一种类土质煤工作面液压支架及煤层开采防护方法
CN105134274A (zh) 带三级顶煤回收装置的两柱大采高放顶煤液压支架
CN106382127A (zh) 一种类土质煤工作面液压支架及煤层开采防护方法
CN104088638A (zh) 大倾角煤层长壁大采高工作面煤壁片帮及冒顶控制技术
CN206174981U (zh) 液压支架
CN105065048A (zh) 煤矿井下掘进工作面临时支架
CN106437808B (zh) 液压支架和液压支架控制方法
CN207647539U (zh) 综采工作面液压支架的嵌入式伸缩机构
CN206190305U (zh) 一种类土质煤工作面液压支架
CN217327382U (zh) 综掘工作面迎头防片帮临时支护系统
CN106567710A (zh) 一种均匀卸压一体垮落的快速揭煤方法
CN202520350U (zh) 节式可伸缩悬移顶梁巷道超前支架
CN106401634A (zh) 一种前后柱分体卸压液压支架和液压支架控制方法
WO2018094655A1 (zh) 分级卸压液压支架和液压支架控制方法
CN103422870B (zh) 特厚煤层采全高顶板支护方法
CN201246177Y (zh) 炮采工作面液压支架
CN205805593U (zh) 一种长壁矸石条带式充填采煤液压支架
LU100383B1 (en) Hydraulic Support and Control Method Thereof
CN112127947A (zh) 一种煤矿综采工作面端头切顶卸压设备及切顶卸压方法
CN103032089A (zh) 大倾角工作面上端头三角区液压支架护顶装置
CN208184756U (zh) 液压支架用大工作阻力双伸缩立柱
CN106014411A (zh) 深部煤层切-裂-采一体化回采工艺

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 16922193

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 16922193

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1