WO2018094660A1 - Ensemble d'antennes et véhicule aérien sans pilote - Google Patents

Ensemble d'antennes et véhicule aérien sans pilote Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018094660A1
WO2018094660A1 PCT/CN2016/107145 CN2016107145W WO2018094660A1 WO 2018094660 A1 WO2018094660 A1 WO 2018094660A1 CN 2016107145 W CN2016107145 W CN 2016107145W WO 2018094660 A1 WO2018094660 A1 WO 2018094660A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
array
sub
antenna assembly
antenna
array elements
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2016/107145
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
唐照成
王春明
贺翔
关毅骏
Original Assignee
深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Application filed by 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司 filed Critical 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司
Priority to CN201680003538.5A priority Critical patent/CN107112623A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2016/107145 priority patent/WO2018094660A1/fr
Publication of WO2018094660A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018094660A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
    • H01Q1/285—Aircraft wire antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/29—Combinations of different interacting antenna units for giving a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q21/293—Combinations of different interacting antenna units for giving a desired directional characteristic one unit or more being an array of identical aerial elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of aircraft technology, and in particular, to an antenna assembly and an unmanned aerial vehicle.
  • millimeter-wave radars can be miniaturized and integrated. Millimeter-wave radars can obtain narrower antenna beams and higher antenna gains with the same antenna aperture, which can improve radar angular resolution. Rate and angular accuracy, and is resistant to electrical interference, clutter interference and multipath reflection interference. Compared with ultrasonic, infrared and laser radar, millimeter wave has stronger ability to penetrate smoke, fog and dust, and has all-weather all-day characteristics. Therefore, millimeter wave radar is widely used in automobiles, transportation, security, industry, and nobody. Machines and other industries and smart devices.
  • Radar antennas also need flexible beam pointing; existing multi-beam solutions include: 1. Lens antennas, which use a lens to converge the energy radiated by the feed to form a sharp beam. When feeding, a plurality of beams pointing in different directions are formed correspondingly, and the general feeding source is a horn antenna; 2. The reflecting surface antenna is similar to the lens antenna principle, and the energy of the feeding source is reflected by the reflecting surface to form a sharp beam, and the reflection is performed.
  • the prior art is found to have the following defects: for the scheme 1, the antenna lens is a low loss, high dielectric constant material, processing is difficult, the precision is low, and the size and weight of the lens are both It is quite large; for scheme 2, similar to the lens antenna, the reflection surface profile and weight are large, which requires a large space; and for scheme 3, each array element of the phased array requires a T/R component. The structure is complex and the cost is high.
  • the present invention provides an antenna assembly and an unmanned aerial vehicle.
  • a first aspect of the present invention is to provide an antenna assembly for an unmanned aerial vehicle, comprising: a circuit substrate; and a plurality of array elements disposed on the circuit substrate, wherein an array element between adjacent array elements The spacing is greater than one-half of the wavelength of the antenna assembly at the operating frequency to cause the antenna assembly to generate a plurality of beams of a predetermined direction.
  • a second aspect of the present invention is to provide an antenna assembly for an unmanned aerial vehicle, comprising: a circuit substrate; and a plurality of antenna sub-arrays disposed on the circuit substrate for generating beams of different specific directions, each of the The antenna sub-arrays each include a plurality of connected array elements. At least one of the array elements in the antenna sub-array is connected to each other through a microstrip delay line to generate a phase between each of the array elements in at least one of the antenna sub-arrays. difference.
  • a third aspect of the present invention is to provide an unmanned aerial vehicle comprising: a body and an antenna assembly, the antenna assembly being mounted on the body, the antenna assembly comprising: a circuit substrate and being disposed on the circuit substrate a plurality of array elements, wherein an array element spacing between adjacent array elements is greater than a half wavelength of the antenna assembly at an operating frequency, such that the antenna assembly generates a plurality of beams in a predetermined direction .
  • a fourth aspect of the present invention is to provide an unmanned aerial vehicle comprising: a body and an antenna assembly, the antenna assembly being mounted on the body, the antenna assembly comprising: a circuit substrate and being disposed on the circuit substrate a plurality of antenna sub-arrays for generating beams of different specific directions, each of the antenna sub-arrays comprising a plurality of connected array elements, each of the at least one of the arrays of the antenna sub-arrays passing through a microstrip delay line Connecting to cause a phase difference between each of the array elements in at least one of the antenna sub-arrays.
  • the antenna assembly and the unmanned aerial vehicle provided by the invention provide the antenna assembly by setting the spacing of the array elements between adjacent array elements to be greater than one-half of the wavelength of the antenna assembly at the operating frequency.
  • a plurality of preset direction beams effectively realize beam generation in different directions through one antenna component, and the structure is simple, easy to implement, low in cost, and occupying a small space, thereby effectively ensuring the practicability of the antenna assembly. Conducive to the promotion and application of the market.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a view showing the H-plane of the antenna of Figure 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna assembly according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the E-plane direction of a sub-array of Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the E-plane direction of still another sub-array in Figure 3;
  • connection may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection.
  • connection may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection.
  • first and second are used merely to facilitate the description of different components, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a sequence relationship, relative importance or implicit indication.
  • features defining “first” or “second” may include at least one of the features, either explicitly or implicitly.
  • the embodiment provides an antenna assembly for mounting on an unmanned aerial vehicle, and multiple a beam of a predetermined direction.
  • the antenna component includes: a circuit substrate and a plurality of array elements disposed on the circuit substrate, wherein an array element spacing between adjacent array elements is greater than a dichotomy of the antenna assembly at an operating frequency One wavelength, such that the antenna assembly produces a plurality of beams in a predetermined direction.
  • the specific shape and structure of the circuit board are not limited, and those skilled in the art can set according to specific design requirements.
  • the circuit board can be set as a rectangular board or a square board, etc., as long as the array element can be stably set.
  • the specific number of the array elements is not limited, and those skilled in the art can set according to specific design requirements, for example, setting the number of array elements to 5, 6, or 8. For example, as long as the signal emission intensity of the antenna and the small occupied space can be ensured, no further description is provided here.
  • the specific numerical range of the array element spacing between adjacent array elements is not limited, and those skilled in the art can set according to specific design requirements, as long as the spacing of the array elements between the adjacent array elements can be made larger than
  • the antenna component can be at one-half wavelength of the operating frequency; and, in a specific design, in order to further ensure the signal emission intensity of the antenna component, it is preferable to set the array element spacing between adjacent array elements to be larger than The antenna component is at a wavelength at the operating frequency.
  • the working frequency of the antenna component is not limited in this embodiment, and those skilled in the art can set according to specific design requirements.
  • the operating frequency of the antenna component can be set to: 18 GHz, 24 GHz, 60 GHz, 77 GHz, and the like. More generally, the operating frequency of the antenna component can be set to 24-24.25 GHz; in addition, the type of the antenna component is not limited, and those skilled in the art can set according to specific design requirements, for example, the antenna can be set as a gap. Antennas, printed dipole antennas, microwave radar antennas, etc., are not described here.
  • the spacing of the array elements between adjacent array elements is controlled to be greater than one-half of the wavelength of the antenna component at the operating frequency;
  • the grating is generated by the middle rudder.
  • the spacing of the array elements can be adjusted. Specifically, the angle between the main lobes and the side lobes in the beam is different.
  • the size of the element spacing is related.
  • the antenna assembly can generate a plurality of beams in a predetermined direction; of course, the technical solution
  • the specific number of the generated beams is not limited, and can be set by a person skilled in the art according to specific design requirements.
  • the number of beams can be set to include 3, 4, or 5, and so on.
  • the antenna component provided in this embodiment is configured to generate a plurality of beams in a preset direction by setting a cell spacing between adjacent array elements to be greater than a half wavelength of an antenna component at an operating frequency.
  • the beam can be generated in different directions through one antenna component, the structure is simple, the implementation is easy, the cost is low, and the occupied space is small, which effectively ensures the practicability of the antenna component, and is beneficial to the promotion and application of the market.
  • the specific shape and structure of the array element are not limited in this embodiment, and those skilled in the art can set according to specific design requirements, and more preferably, multiple arrays are provided.
  • the element is configured to include: a plurality of connected array elements 4 and a plurality of connected sub-array elements 5 disposed in the array element 4, and the plurality of array elements 4 are connected by the main feed line 2, and are disposed in each column A plurality of sub-array elements 5 in the array element 4 are connected by a feeder line 3 extending from the main feed line 2.
  • the array element spacing includes: a column spacing between each array element 4 and a sub-array between adjacent sub-array elements 5. spacing.
  • the specific shape and structure of the plurality of array elements 4 are not limited, and those skilled in the art may set according to specific design requirements.
  • multiple array elements 4 may be set to the same structure or Different structures; more preferably, the plurality of array elements 4 are set to the same structure, which is convenient for controlling the antenna assembly; in addition, the number of sub-array elements set on the array element 4 is not limited in this embodiment.
  • the number of sub-array elements 5 can be set to four, five, or six, and the like.
  • a plurality of array elements 4 are connected to the main feeder 2, so that a plurality of array elements 4 are connected by the main feeder 2; since the array elements 4 include a plurality of sub-elements Array element 5, in order to facilitate effective control of the antenna assembly, it is preferable to connect the main feeder 2 to the middle portion of each array element 4; further, the sub-array elements 5 are connected by the feeder line 3, and The feeder line 3 is connected to the main feeder 2, and further, a plurality of sub-array elements 5 are connected through the feeder line 3 to form an array element 4, and each array element 4 is connected by a main feeder 2, and at this time, Since the array element includes the array element 4 and the sub-array element 5, the array element spacing also includes the column spacing and the sub-array element spacing.
  • the column spacing is shown by B in the figure
  • the sub-array element spacing is shown in the figure.
  • the sub-array spacing A and the column spacing B are both greater than one-half wavelength of the antenna component at the operating frequency; thus effectively ensuring the stability and reliability of the array element connection, thereby improving the stability of the antenna assembly operation. reliability.
  • the array element 4 is provided with a plurality of impedance transforming units 1, 7,
  • the impedance transforming unit 1, 7 is for obeying the Taylor distribution and matching the resistance of the antenna assembly to a preset value.
  • the impedance transforming unit 1 is disposed between the plurality of sub-array elements 5 on the array element 4, and the impedance transforming unit 7 is disposed between the plurality of array elements 4; further, the present embodiment is for the impedance transforming unit 1, 7.
  • the specific number is not limited, and those skilled in the art can set according to the number of sub-array elements 5.
  • the number of impedance transforming units 1, 7 can be set to 4, 5, or 6, etc.
  • four impedance transforming units 1 are disposed on each array element 4; in addition, the specific structural features of the impedance transforming units 1, 7 are not limited in this implementation, and those skilled in the art can according to specific design requirements.
  • the plurality of impedance transforming units 1, 7 can be designed as a quarter-wavelength, a three-quarter wavelength, a quarter-wavelength, etc. of the antenna component at an operating frequency, and more preferably, multiple impedance transformations are performed.
  • the units 1, 7 are designed as a quarter wavelength of the antenna assembly at the operating frequency; this effectively achieves that the amplitude of the array elements is subject to the Taylor distribution through the impedance transformation units 1, 7 described above, and the resistance of the antenna assembly can be made Matching to a preset value, wherein the preset value can be preset according to a specific design requirement; thus, the side lobes besides the beam in a specific direction can be effectively reduced, thereby effectively ensuring the energy intensity of the beam in a specific direction, thereby improving the
  • the strength of the antenna component transmitting and receiving signals further improves the stability and reliability of the antenna assembly operation.
  • FIG. 2 is a view of the H-plane of the antenna of FIG. 1; based on the above embodiments, with reference to FIG. 1-2, when the antenna assembly is used for operation, it is possible to simultaneously receive the same at the same time.
  • a plurality of preset direction beams generated by the antenna assembly are disposed on the main feeder 2
  • the plurality of microstrip delay lines 8 and the adjacent two array elements 4 pass through the microstrip delay line 8 so that the plurality of array elements have the same phase at the element spacing in the present embodiment.
  • the specific shape structure of the microstrip delay line 8 is not limited, and can be set by a person skilled in the art with specific design requirements.
  • the microstrip delay line 8 can be set to a square wave shape or an S-type structure, and the like.
  • the acute-angle structure of the microstrip delay line 8 is not provided, the radiation interference generated by the micro-band delay line 8 can be reduced, thereby ensuring stable and reliable operation of the antenna assembly; and the microstrip delay line 8 is provided.
  • the sub-array elements 5 of each adjacent array element 4 have the same phase at the array element spacing, so that a plurality of preset direction beams generated by the antenna assembly can be detected at the same time, in FIG. 2 At least three beams in different directions are generated, thereby improving the convenience and reliability of the antenna assembly.
  • a via hole 6 is disposed on the circuit substrate, and the antenna assembly is fed through the via 6
  • the hole 6 is connected to a radio frequency circuit provided on the other side of the circuit board.
  • the radio frequency circuit is disposed on the surface of the circuit substrate. Therefore, the via hole 6 is disposed to be connected to the radio frequency circuit through the microstrip line; wherein the radio frequency circuit is configured to receive the signal received by the antenna component, and The signal is analyzed and processed; in addition, the RF circuit can also be used to control the antenna component to transmit signals outward, thereby realizing the function of receiving and transmitting signals of the antenna.
  • the specific shape and position of the via hole 6 are not limited in this embodiment, and those skilled in the art can set according to specific design requirements.
  • the via hole 6 can be set to a circular shape, and the via hole 6 can be disposed on the antenna component.
  • One side or the middle of the antenna assembly, etc., preferably, the via hole 6 is disposed between the plurality of array elements 4, so that the connection of the edge lines and the layout of the components further ensure that the antenna assembly is simple in structure and easy to implement. .
  • the number of beams in multiple preset directions is not limited in this embodiment, and those skilled in the art may set according to specific design requirements, and are preferred.
  • setting the beam to include: a first beam, a second beam, and a third beam; wherein, in the same plane, the first beam forms a first predetermined angle with the second beam, and the third beam and the second wave The bundle forms a second predetermined angle.
  • the first preset angle and the second preset angle are preset, and those skilled in the art can set according to specific design requirements.
  • the first preset angle can be set to 30° and 45°. , 60° or 90°, etc.
  • the second preset angle can be set to 30°, 45°, 60° or 90°, etc., more preferably, the first preset angle and the first The two preset angles are both set to 45°, and the third beam is perpendicular to the first beam.
  • the antenna component can realize 0° angle beam, -45 Angle beam and +45° angle beam.
  • the antenna assembly mounted on the UAV can be tilted by 45° angle beam and horizontal.
  • Directional beam and vertical direction beam so that for the unmanned aerial vehicle, obstacles can be detected in the horizontal direction of the UAV through the horizontal beam, and the vertical direction of the UAV can be realized by the vertical direction beam.
  • Obstacle detection, obstacle detection can be realized in the oblique direction of the UAV by tilting the 45° angle beam.
  • the information detection function of three different directions can be realized by one antenna assembly, which effectively improves the antenna assembly. The detection range further improves the practicality of the antenna assembly and is beneficial to the promotion and application of the market.
  • the antenna component can be set to cover the working frequency band of 24-24.25 GHz, and the antenna component is set to simultaneously generate beams in three different directions, and the beam directions are respectively 0°, -45° and +45°.
  • the circuit substrate is set as a four-layer board with a length of 84 mm, a width of 50 mm, and a thickness of 32 mils;
  • the array element 4 is in the form of a microstrip patch antenna, and the size of the sub-array element 5 is 3.1*4.3mm, the sub-array spacing A is 7.4mm, the column spacing B is 16.8mm, and the microstrip delay line 8 ensures the spacing and phase of the sub-array elements 5 of each array element 4, and the impedance transformation units 1 and 7 are both
  • the impedance transforming units 1, 7 realize the amplitude distribution of each array element and match the antenna impedance to 50 ohms, and the antenna assembly is finally fed through the via hole 6, and the via hole 6 passes through the back surface of the substrate 50.
  • the ohmic microstrip line is connected to the RF circuit on the back of the circuit board.
  • the maximum gain of the antenna assembly is 15 dB
  • the 3 dB beam width is 14°
  • the side lobes are -15 dB.
  • the antenna assembly can effectively ensure that the antenna assembly can generate 0° and -45. Beams in three directions of ° and +45°.
  • the adjacent sub-array spacing A and column spacing B By setting the adjacent sub-array spacing A and column spacing B to be greater than one-half of the wavelength of the antenna assembly at the operating frequency, so that the antenna assembly produces 0°, -45°, and +45° Wave
  • the beam effectively realizes that three different directions of beams can be generated by one antenna assembly, and the signal transmission and reception intensities in the above three directions are ensured, the stability and reliability of the antenna assembly are improved, and the structure is simple. It is easy to implement, low in cost, and takes up less space, which effectively improves the market competitiveness of the antenna assembly and is beneficial to the promotion and application of the market.
  • the present embodiment provides another antenna assembly for mounting on an unmanned aerial vehicle.
  • the antenna The component comprises: a circuit substrate and a plurality of antenna sub-arrays disposed on the circuit substrate for generating beams of different specific directions, each antenna sub-array comprising a plurality of connected array elements, each of the at least one antenna sub-array The elements are connected to each other by a microstrip delay line such that a phase difference is generated between each of the array elements in at least one of the antenna sub-arrays.
  • the specific shape and structure of the circuit board are not limited, and those skilled in the art can set according to specific design requirements.
  • the circuit board can be set as a rectangular board or a square board, etc., as long as the array element can be stably set.
  • the specific number of antenna sub-arrays is not limited in this embodiment, and those skilled in the art may set the number of antenna sub-arrays according to the direction in which the beam is generated, for example, if necessary Two beams in different directions can be set to two antenna sub-arrays. If three different directions of beams are required, the number of antenna sub-arrays can be set to three. It should be noted that Each antenna sub-array can only generate a certain beam in a specific direction.
  • the number of antenna sub-arrays is the same as the number of generated beams.
  • the specific number of the array elements is not limited, and those skilled in the art may Set according to specific design requirements, for example, set the number of array elements to 10, 20, 30 or 40, etc., as long as Syndrome antenna signal and the emission intensity can be small footprint, not repeated here.
  • the inter-array spacing between adjacent array elements in each antenna sub-array may be set to be smaller than the antenna sub-array.
  • the array spacing in each antenna sub-array can be set to be one-third to two-thirds of the wavelength of the antenna sub-array at the operating frequency; At this time, the radiation efficiency generated by the antenna assembly and the size and quality of the side lobes are better, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the antenna assembly.
  • the working frequency of the antenna component is not limited in this embodiment, and those skilled in the art can set according to specific design requirements.
  • the operating frequency of the antenna component can be set to: 18 GHz, 24 GHz, 60 GHz, 77 GHz, and the like. More generally, the operating frequency of the antenna component can be set to 24-24.25 GHz; in addition, the type of the antenna component is not limited, and those skilled in the art can set according to specific design requirements, for example, the antenna can be set as a gap. Antennas, printed dipole antennas, microwave radar antennas, etc., are not described here.
  • the spacing of the array elements between adjacent array elements in each antenna sub-array is set to be less than one-half of the operating frequency of the antenna sub-array. Wavelength; this can effectively reduce the side lobes generated by the antenna sub-array; thus ensuring the main lobe energy generated by each antenna sub-array.
  • the antenna component provided in this embodiment is configured to generate a plurality of antenna sub-arrays integrated on a circuit substrate for generating beams of different specific directions, and set each of the array elements in the at least one antenna sub-array to be connected to each other through a microstrip delay line.
  • the antenna component can generate a plurality of beams in a predetermined direction, and further, by arranging adjacent array elements in each antenna sub-array
  • the spacing between the array elements is set to be less than about one-half of the wavelength of the antenna sub-array at the operating frequency, effectively reducing the side lobes generated by each antenna sub-array, ensuring the main lobe energy, and improving each antenna.
  • the receiving and transmitting intensity of the sub-array signal can effectively realize the beam in different directions through one antenna component, the structure is simple, the implementation is easy, the cost is low, and the occupied space is small, which effectively ensures the practicability of the antenna component. It is conducive to the promotion and application of the market.
  • the method includes a plurality of array elements and a plurality of connected sub-array elements 12 disposed in each of the array elements; the inter-element spacing includes: a column spacing between each array element and an adjacent sub-array 12 The spacing of the sub-array.
  • the specific shape structure of the plurality of array elements is not limited. Since each antenna sub-array is used to generate different specific direction beams, the array elements in each antenna sub-array are different. The structure of the arranged array elements is also different, and those skilled in the art can The generated beam in a specific direction is set for the structure of the array element.
  • the number of sub-array elements 12 set on the array element is not limited. For example, the number of sub-array elements 12 can be set. It is 10, 12 or 14 and so on; a plurality of sub-array elements 12 are connected to form an array element.
  • the array element spacing also includes the column spacing and the sub-array spacing.
  • the column spacing is shown by D in the figure
  • the sub-array spacing is C in the figure.
  • the sub-array spacing C and the column spacing D are both less than one-half of the wavelength of the antenna assembly at the operating frequency; this effectively ensures the beam stability of each antenna sub-array, thereby improving the antenna assembly operation. Stable reliability.
  • the array is arranged to include a first sub-array 9, a second sub-array 10, and a third sub-array 11, the first sub-array 9 is for generating a first beam, and the second sub-array 10 is for generating a second beam, the third sub-array 11 is used to generate a third beam;
  • the first beam forms a third predetermined angle with the second beam
  • the third beam forms a fourth predetermined angle with the second beam
  • the third preset angle and the fourth preset angle are preset, and those skilled in the art can set according to specific design requirements.
  • the third preset angle can be set to 30° and 45°. , 60° or 90°, etc.
  • the fourth preset angle can be set to 30°, 45°, 60° or 90°, etc., more preferably, the third preset angle and the third The four preset angles are all set to 45°, and the third beam is perpendicular to the first beam.
  • the antenna component can realize 0° angle beam, -45 Angle beam and +45° angle beam.
  • the antenna assembly mounted on the UAV can be tilted by 45° angle beam and horizontal.
  • Directional beam and vertical direction beam so that for the unmanned aerial vehicle, obstacles can be detected in the horizontal direction of the UAV through the horizontal beam, and the vertical direction of the UAV can be realized by the vertical direction beam.
  • Obstacle detection obstacle detection in the oblique direction of the UAV by tilting the 45° angle beam, through an antenna assembly
  • Three different directions of information detection functions can be realized, which effectively improves the detection range of the antenna assembly, further improves the practicality of the antenna assembly, and is beneficial to the promotion and application of the market.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the E-plane direction of one sub-array of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the E-plane direction of another sub-array of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the E-plane direction of another sub-array of FIG.
  • the specific shape and structure of the first sub-array 9, the second sub-array 10, and the third sub-array 11 are not limited in this embodiment.
  • the person can be set according to specific design requirements.
  • the first sub-array 9 and the third sub-array 11 are set to be the same structure, and the second sub-array 10 is disposed on the first sub-array 9 and the third sub-array 11 between.
  • the first sub-array 9 and the third sub-array 11 are arranged to be mirror-symmetrical with respect to the second sub-array 10; since the first sub-array 9 and the third sub-array 11 have the same structure, then The first sub-array 9 and the third sub-array 11 are arranged to be aligned with respect to the second sub-array 10. Further, in order to ensure stable and reliable operation of the antenna assembly, the sub-array 12 on the first sub-array 9 is The sub-array 12 on the third sub-array 11 is connected by a microstrip delay line 13; the first sub-array 9, the second sub-array 10, and the third sub-range can be made by the set micro-band delay line 13.
  • the specific shape and structure of the wire 13 is not limited, and those skilled in the art can set according to specific design requirements. More preferably, the microstrip delay line 13 is set to an S-shaped structure; thus the first sub-array 9 and the third sub-frame are Array 11 performs control; at the same time, the structure of the antenna assembly is neat , further improving the market competitiveness of antenna components.
  • the antenna component can be set to cover the working frequency band of 24-24.25 GHz, and the antenna component can be set to generate beams in three different directions, but at the same time, only A beam can be generated in a certain direction, and the beam directions are 0°, -45°, and +45°, respectively.
  • the antenna array is configured to be composed of the first sub-array 9, the second sub-array 10 and the third sub-array 11 which are directed by the beam in different directions, and the beam directions are respectively: the third sub-array 11 points to -45°, the second sub-array 10 points to 0°, and the first sub-array 9 points to +45°; further, the circuit substrate is provided with four layers, the length is 84 mm, the width is 50 mm, and the thickness is 32 mil;
  • the sub-array element 12 is a microstrip patch antenna having a size of 3.1 mm*4.3 mm, wherein the second sub-array 10 points to 0°, which is a common array antenna, and will not be described again.
  • the first sub-array 9, the second sub-array 10 and The third sub-array 11 adopts a Taylor distribution, which can effectively reduce the side lobes.
  • the second sub-array 10 has a main lobe width of 9.7°, a sidelobe of -20 dB, and a gain of 17 dBi; the first sub-array 9 and the third sub-array 11 have the same structure, the two orientations are opposite, and the first sub-array 9 points to +45.
  • the third sub-array 11 is directed to -45°, wherein the micro-band delay line 13 is disposed in the third sub-array 11, and the feeding line is S-shaped to bend the third sub-array 11 from left to The right side is different by 140°, and the S-shaped feeder can make the structure compact, reduce the area, and reduce the radiation loss, so that the array beam is finally directed at -45°, and the main sub-array of the first sub-array 9 and the third sub-array 11 has a width of 14°.
  • the gain is 14dBi and the side lobes are -15dBi. At this time, it can effectively ensure that the antenna assembly can realize beams in three directions of 0°, -45° and +45°.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an unmanned aerial vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the embodiment provides an unmanned aerial vehicle, including: a body 100 and an antenna assembly, and the antenna assembly is mounted on the body 100.
  • the antenna assembly includes: a circuit substrate and a plurality of array elements disposed on the circuit substrate, wherein an array element spacing between adjacent array elements is greater than a half wavelength of the antenna assembly at an operating frequency to generate the antenna assembly Multiple preset direction beams.
  • the body 100 can be disposed to include a landing gear, and the antenna assembly can be mounted on the landing gear.
  • the unmanned aerial vehicle provided in this embodiment can generate a plurality of beams in a preset direction by using an antenna component disposed on the unmanned aerial vehicle, thereby effectively realizing that beams can be generated in different directions through one antenna component, and the structure is simple and easy to implement.
  • the cost is low and the occupied space is small, which effectively ensures the practicability of the UAV and is beneficial to the promotion and application of the market.
  • the plurality of array elements are arranged to include: a plurality of connected array elements and a plurality of connected sub-array elements arranged in the array element, wherein the plurality of array elements are connected by a main feed line, and are arranged in each array
  • the plurality of sub-array elements in the element are connected by a feeder line extending from the main feed line, and the array element spacing includes: a column spacing between each array element and a sub-array spacing between adjacent sub-array elements.
  • connection manner, implementation process, and implementation effect of the array element and the sub-array element are the same as the specific connection manner, implementation process, and implementation effect of the array element and the sub-array element in the second embodiment.
  • the above statements are not described here.
  • a plurality of impedance transform units are disposed on the array elements, and the impedance transform unit is used.
  • the magnitude of the plurality of array elements is subject to the Taylor distribution and the resistance value of the antenna assembly is matched to a preset value.
  • a plurality of impedance transforming units may be set to a quarter wavelength of the antenna assembly at an operating frequency.
  • the main A plurality of microstrip delay lines are disposed on the feed line, and the plurality of array elements have the same phase at the array element spacing through the microstrip delay line between the adjacent two array elements.
  • connection manner, implementation process, and implementation effect of the microstrip delay line in this embodiment are the same as the specific connection manner, implementation process, and implementation effect of the microstrip delay line in the fourth embodiment. For details, refer to the above statement. No longer.
  • a via hole is disposed on the circuit substrate, and the antenna assembly is fed through the via hole, and the via hole is disposed on the circuit.
  • the RF circuits on the other side of the circuit board are connected.
  • the RF circuit is disposed on the surface of the circuit substrate, and therefore, the via hole is disposed to be connected to the RF circuit through the microstrip line.
  • the via hole can be set to a circular shape, and the via hole can be disposed on one side of the antenna component. Or the middle of the antenna assembly, etc., preferably, the via hole is disposed between the plurality of array elements, so that the connection of the edge lines and the layout of the components further ensure that the antenna assembly has a simple structure and is easy to implement.
  • the number of beams in multiple preset directions is not limited in this embodiment, and those skilled in the art may set according to specific design requirements, and more preferably,
  • the beam is configured to include: a first beam, a second beam, and a third beam; in a same plane, the first beam forms a first predetermined angle with the second beam, and the third beam forms a second preset with the second beam angle.
  • first preset angle and the second preset angle may be set to 45°, and the third beam is perpendicular to the first beam.
  • the setting relationship, implementation process, and implementation of the first beam, the second beam, and the third beam in this embodiment The effect of the first beam, the second beam, and the third beam in the foregoing embodiment is the same as that of the first beam, the second beam, and the third beam.
  • the effect of the first beam, the second beam, and the third beam in the foregoing embodiment is the same as that of the first beam, the second beam, and the third beam.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an unmanned aerial vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present embodiment provides another unmanned aerial vehicle, including: a body 100 and an antenna assembly, and the antenna assembly is mounted on the body 100.
  • the antenna assembly includes: a circuit substrate and a plurality of antenna sub-arrays disposed on the circuit substrate for generating beams of different specific directions, each antenna sub-array comprising a plurality of connected array elements, at least one antenna sub-array
  • the array elements are connected to each other by a microstrip delay line to cause a phase difference between each of the array elements in the at least one antenna sub-array.
  • the inter-array spacing between adjacent array elements in each antenna sub-array may be set to be smaller than the antenna sub-array.
  • the array spacing in each antenna sub-array can be set to be one-third to two-thirds of the wavelength of the antenna sub-array at the operating frequency; At this time, the radiation efficiency generated by the antenna assembly and the size and quality of the side lobes are better, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the antenna assembly.
  • the body 100 can be disposed to include a landing gear, and the antenna assembly can be mounted on the landing gear.
  • the unmanned aerial vehicle provided in this embodiment, the antenna component disposed on the unmanned aerial vehicle, can cause the unmanned aerial vehicle to generate a plurality of beams in a specific direction, and specifically, each of the array elements in the at least one antenna sub-array is set to pass through the micro-e.
  • the delay lines are connected to each other such that a phase difference is generated between the array elements in the at least one antenna sub-array, thereby realizing that the antenna assembly can generate a plurality of beams in a predetermined direction, and further, by using each of the antenna components
  • the spacing of the array elements between adjacent array elements in the antenna sub-array is set to be less than about one-half of the wavelength of the antenna sub-array at the operating frequency, effectively reducing the side lobes generated by each antenna sub-array, ensuring the main
  • the petal energy increases the received emission intensity of each antenna sub-array signal, thereby effectively realizing the beam in different directions through one antenna assembly.
  • the structure is simple, easy to implement, low in cost, and takes up less space, effectively ensuring the practicability of the unmanned aerial vehicle, and is beneficial to the promotion and application of the market.
  • the specific shape and structure of the array elements are not limited in this embodiment, and those skilled in the art can set according to specific design requirements, and more preferably, the array elements are set.
  • the method includes a plurality of array elements and a plurality of connected sub-array elements disposed in each of the array elements; the inter-element spacing includes: a column spacing between each array element and a sub-array between the sub-array elements The spacing of the elements.
  • connection manner, the implementation process, and the implementation effect of the array element and the sub-array are the same as the specific connection manner, the implementation process, and the implementation effect of the array element and the sub-array in the eighth embodiment.
  • the above statements are not described here.
  • the array is configured to include a first sub-array for generating a first beam, a second sub-array for generating a second beam, and a third sub-array for generating a third sub-array Beam
  • the first beam forms a third predetermined angle with the second beam
  • the third beam forms a fourth preset angle with the second beam
  • the third preset angle and the fourth pre- The angle is set to 45°
  • the third beam is perpendicular to the first beam.
  • the setting relationship, the implementation process, and the implementation effect of the first sub-array, the second sub-array, and the third sub-array are the same as those of the first sub-array, the second sub-array, and the third sub-array in the ninth embodiment.
  • the relationship, the implementation process, and the implementation effect are the same. For details, refer to the above statement, and details are not described herein again.
  • the specific shape and structure of the first sub-array, the second sub-array, and the third sub-array are not limited in this embodiment, and those skilled in the art can
  • the design requirements of the body are set.
  • the first sub-array and the third sub-array are set to be the same structure, and the second sub-array is disposed between the first sub-array and the third sub-array.
  • the first sub-array and the third sub-array are arranged symmetrically with respect to the second sub-array; since the first sub-array and the third sub-array are identical in structure, then the first sub-array and The third sub-array is arranged to be opposite to the second sub-array.
  • the sub-arrays on the first sub-array and the sub-array on the third sub-array are connected by a microstrip delay line; the microstrip delay line can be used to make a certain phase difference between the array elements of the first sub-array, the second sub-array and the third sub-array, thereby making the antenna
  • the components can only generate a beam in a specific direction at the same time. For details, refer to FIG. 4-6.
  • the specific shape and structure of the microstrip delay line are not limited in this embodiment, and those skilled in the art may
  • the design requirements are set, and it is preferable to set the microstrip delay line to an S-shaped structure; thus, the first sub-array and the third sub-array are controlled; at the same time, the structure of the antenna assembly is neat, and the antenna assembly is further improved. Market Competitiveness.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un ensemble d'antennes et un véhicule aérien sans pilote. L'ensemble d'antennes est adapté pour être installé sur le véhicule aérien sans pilote. L'ensemble d'antennes comprend un substrat de circuit et une pluralité d'éléments de réseau disposés sur le substrat de circuit. Un intervalle d'éléments de réseau entre des éléments adjacents de réseau est supérieur à la moitié de la longueur d'onde de l'ensemble d'antennes à la fréquence de fonctionnement, de sorte que l'ensemble d'antennes génère des faisceaux d'ondes dans une pluralité de directions prédéfinies. Selon l'ensemble d'antennes et le véhicule aérien sans pilote selon la présente invention, en définissant un intervalle d'éléments de réseau entre des éléments adjacents de réseau de sorte qu'il soit supérieur à la moitié de la longueur d'onde de l'ensemble d'antennes à la fréquence de fonctionnement, l'ensemble d'antennes peut générer des faisceaux d'ondes dans une pluralité de directions prédéfinies, réalisant ainsi efficacement la génération de faisceaux d'ondes dans différentes directions au moyen d'un seul ensemble d'antennes. L'ensemble d'antennes a une structure simple, est facile à obtenir et peu onéreux, et occupe un petit espace, ce qui assure efficacement le caractère pratique de l'ensemble d'antennes, et est avantageux pour la promotion et l'application sur le marché.
PCT/CN2016/107145 2016-11-24 2016-11-24 Ensemble d'antennes et véhicule aérien sans pilote WO2018094660A1 (fr)

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CN115189151A (zh) * 2022-09-13 2022-10-14 广州中雷电科科技有限公司 微带天线单元、设计方法、微带天线及导航雷达天线

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