WO2018091526A1

WO2018091526A1 - Multi-layered herbicidal element and method for applying said herbicidal element

Info

Publication number: WO2018091526A1
Application number: PCT/EP2017/079314
Authority: WO
Inventors: Freddy Elsen
Original assignee: Freddy Elsen
Priority date: 2016-11-15
Filing date: 2017-11-15
Publication date: 2018-05-24
Also published as: AU2017362705A1; DE102016222389A1; EP3541180A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a multi-layered herbicidal element that can be used in agriculture, horticulture and landscaping, as well as on pavings for driveways, yards, paths, terraces and similar, for environmentally friendly and sustainable weed control. The invention also relates to a method for processing and preparing the soil, particularly in horticulture and landscaping as well as in agriculture, and applying a multi-layered herbicidal element to the previously prepared soil.

Description

Multi-layer herbicidal element and method of using the herbicide element

The invention relates to a multi-layer herbicidal element that can be used in agriculture, gardening and landscaping and on paving drones, yards, paths, terraces and the like for environmentally friendly and sustainable weed control.

The invention further relates to a method for processing and preparing the soil, in particular in landscaping and horticulture and in agriculture and applying a multi-layer herbicide.

The protection of agricultural land, horticulture and paved pathways against weed growth requires a great deal of physical effort in the case of manual cleanup and / or material repetitive effort in the application of herbicides. The use of chemical herbicides also has the disadvantage of high recurring costs, high environmental risks from soil contamination, and relatively complicated handling coupled with in-depth expertise to always achieve the right selective crop protection effects. The prior art knows a large number of chemically acting herbicides, which are applied by spraying after dissolving in water and uniform distribution on the surfaces to be protected.

Also known to those skilled in the art are various types of films used to cover agricultural surfaces, plants and the like. DE 24 50 1 14 C2 describes e.g. transparent plastic films in the form of film webs for covering plant crops.

From the sealing technology for dykes, landfills and soil protection different surface waterproofing are known to produce from single-layer film webs are. Depending on the purpose of these, usually wound on rolls of film webs, in different materials, eg. As PE HD, PVC, PUR, PP and web thicknesses of a few hundredths to several millimeters thick and maximum web widths of several meters commercially available. For better adhesion between the soil layers, especially on slopes, some products are provided on one or both sides with a roughened surface. The film webs are made entirely of a plastic grade and are either glued or welded to the butt overlaps.

DE 296 22 928 U1 also discloses the effect of minimal Cu ion concentrations as a root-growing and plant poison, but obviously not practicable since its influence on all plant species has a detrimental effect on selection. There, a composite of a copper foil and a plastic film is proposed for laying. Such a film is also relatively expensive by the use of copper. Furthermore, copper corrodes in the air, so that the desired effect decreases relatively quickly.

Starting from this prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a herbicidal element which enables effective and sustainable weed control and is free from chemically acting herbicides and / or pesticides. It is therefore the object of the invention to provide a method of using the herbicide element, which ensures its effectiveness and, moreover, enhances its effectiveness.

The object is achieved in accordance with a first aspect of the present invention by a multilayer herbicidal element which has at least two layers spaced apart by spacer elements and / or partitions, namely a cover layer and a carrier layer, wherein at least one air chamber is formed between the cover layer and the carrier layer the cover layer has a high light transmittance and the carrier layer has a high light absorption capacity, and thus the light energy received by the carrier layer is converted into thermal energy. Because of this active principle, the multi-layered herbicidal element can also be referred to as a herbicidal solar element or as a weed control element.

The invention is based on purely physical weed control in which radiant energy, which is essentially due to the sun, into thermal energy is converted to heat the soil and so fight weeds. The invention is thus free from any chemically active substances, in particular herbicides.

An advantageous reinforcement of said active principle is achieved in that at least one intermediate layer is arranged at a distance between the cover layer and the carrier layer, with which at least two separate air chambers can be formed. This embodiment of the multilayer herbicide or herbicidal solar film is particularly suitable for use in areas of low solar radiation. By means of the multilayer herbicide element or herbicidal solar element according to the invention, a soil warming of significantly above 90 ° C. at the earth's surface is achieved, whereby a considerable warming of the soil was measured to a depth of two to three decimetres. Already at 47 ° C, the proteins that contain the plant parts, especially the cell walls, destroyed. Further growth of the plants or weeds is thus prevented, the plant or the weed dies.

Even at temperatures around 60 ° C and vegetative cells of the first types of bacteria and fungi are killed. From 70 ° C, the first types of viruses are already destroyed in damp heat. By means of the multi-layered herbicide not only a growth of weeds is sustainably prevented, but it also bacteria and fungal spores and sometimes even viruses are destroyed by the influence of temperature.

In a first development of the multilayer herbicide element, the spacer elements between the individual layers are elastic, preferably resilient and / or compressible, in particular designed as spiral, screw or sheet-shaped plastic spring elements.

The spacer elements are separate from the carrier layer and separate from the top layer. The spacer elements cause the carrier layer and the cover layer do not contact. Contact points between the carrier layer and the cover layer can represent weak points of the multilayer herbicide element according to the invention, since contacting carrier and cover layers require a lower thermal insulation capacity than can be achieved with an insulating air layer between the carrier layer and cover layer. The spacers preferably cause the distances between the carrier and the cover layer in the operating state of the herbicide as little as possible to to form a large-volume air chamber. The distribution of the distances between carrier foil and cover foil in the operating state of the herbicide element has a standard deviation s, which is advantageously less than 50%, more advantageously less than 40%, even more advantageously less than 30%, particularly advantageously less than 20% and ideally less than 10%. as the mean value of the distances. Spacers may be provided in preferred embodiments between more than just the topsheet and the backsheet to guarantee a desired spacing between each pair of films and to increase the thermal insulation of the herbicide element.

In an alternative development, the spacer elements are designed as vertical partitions for the purpose of forming a plurality of partial air chambers, wherein the vertical

Each partition walls may have a cavity which is preferably filled via a valve, with a fluid under slight pressure. Under light pressure here is an overpressure of 0.03 to 0.5 bar at 20 ° C to understand, taking into account the selected film quality.

In a preferred embodiment, the carrier layer of the multilayer herbicide has a dark, especially black top and is at least partially metallic, for example as a metal foil, or polymer, for example, as a thermally conductive plastic film formed. The underside of the carrier layer preferably has good heat dissipation and / or heat radiation properties.

In an advantageous development, the carrier layer for protection against pointed and / or sharp-edged objects on the ground surface, e.g. sharp-edged stones, a tissue structure and / or a tissue component.

In a particularly preferred development, the cover layer has in its upper, outwardly directed layer a multiplicity of integrated optical lenses or is correspondingly shaped like a lens, for example by embossing. As a result of this measure, as few sunbeams as possible are reflected or, expressed positively, as much radiant energy is introduced into the multilayered herbicidal element, whereby the efficiency and thus the effectiveness can be sustainably improved.

An advantageous development of the multilayer herbicide element or herbicidal solar element is characterized in that the cover layer and / or the intermediate layer underside a heat radiation reflecting layer or have to have to reduce unwanted heat loss by thermal radiation.

Advantageously, in particular in the sense of a long service life of the multilayer herbicide, the top layer and the intermediate layer of a transparent plastic, which has a high temperature resistance, the plastic in particular a thermoplastic from the group ethylene-propylene copolymer (EPM), ethylene-propylene Diene rubber (EPDM), ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), perfluoroalkoxy polymers (PFA), polyetherimide (PEI), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polyhydroxybutyrate PHB, polyimides (PI) or polysulfone (PSU ) can be. Since good results can already be achieved at temperatures of around 70 ° C, materials such as PP and PE can also be used.

A particularly advantageous property of the multilayer herbicide element according to the invention is that the cover layer, the intermediate layer and the carrier layer as well as the respectively enclosed space, namely the air chambers and the cavities, are free from chemically acting herbicides and / or pesticides.

The multilayer herbicidal element is particularly preferably a multilayer herbicidal film, wherein the cover layer is a cover film, the carrier layer is a carrier film and optionally the intermediate layer is an intermediate film. The herbicidal film is advantageously elastic and flexible, so that it is rollable and compressible as a film web and thus to handle after production and / or after use as easy to handle role and to save space. However, it is also conceivable rigid or solid herbicidal elements, for example made of plastic or glass, in particular in the form of plates or panels. From a conventional solar element, this embodiment differs by omitting the absorber in the element, according to the invention, the soil forms the absorber.

The carrier layer or carrier film preferably has a thickness of between 0.015 mm and 1.5 mm. In particular, it has a high tensile strength with rather low elasticity. The cover layer and / or the intermediate layer (s) preferably have a thickness which amounts to 20% to 80% of the thickness of the carrier layer. Thus, the material thickness or thickness of the cover layer and / or the intermediate layer is preferably in a range between 0.01 mm and 1, 0 mm. The top layer preferably has a lower compared to the carrier layer Tensile strength, wherein their extensibility and / or their bending elasticity are preferably greater than that of the carrier layer.

Preferably, the multilayer herbicidal element is adapted to cause a heating of at least 20 ° C an outer side of the carrier layer relative to an outer side of the cover. Further advantageously, the heating is at least 30 ° C, more preferably at least 40 ° C and most preferably at least 50 ° C. The outside of the carrier layer is the side of the carrier layer facing the ground and the outside of the cover layer is the side of the cover layer facing away from the ground. The temperature difference is caused according to the invention by the multi-layered herbicidal element in combination with heat energy resulting from solar radiation. For example, in sunshine, the topsheet at a temperature of 27 ° C and the support layer has a temperature of at least 47 ° C, preferably at least 57 ° C, preferably at least 67 ° C and more preferably of at least 77 ° C to particularly effective weed control to enable.

The object is also achieved by a method for applying a multi-layer herbicidal element, preferably in the form of a multi-layer film web, for thermal weed control in horticulture and landscaping and in agriculture with the following steps:

preferably loosening and crumbling of the soil by means of a suitable tillage equipment, e.g. a plow, cultivator or disc harrow,

preferably rolling the soil, in particular by means of a concave roll,

- preferably multi-lane furrows of the ground by means of, for example, spur wheels or track discs,

if necessary, stripping off the multilayer film web from a roll,

Covering the optionally previously treated soil with the herbicidal element,

Filling the air chambers and / or partial air chambers and / or cavities in the dividing walls of the multi-layer herbicide element with compressed air,

- Heating the carrier layer by sunlight and

- Passing the heat energy into the ground. Further advantageous steps, in particular between compressed air filling and heating, can be:

- Complaining the edge regions of adjacent film webs, in particular by means of water-filled hoses, and preferably

- releasably fixing the tubes by connected to the film web loops or tabs.

The heated carrier layer continuously dissipates the heat energy to the ground, so that the soil underneath is continuously heated. After a few hours, a steady-state temperature sets in which, on sunny days and especially on cloudy days, may well amount to 100 ° C or more. More than 47 degrees of heat leads to denaturation of vegetable protein and the plant dies. Even at temperatures around 60 ° C, the first types of bacteria and fungi are killed. From about 90 ° C beyond certain types of viruses are destroyed. Decisive is always the duration of the effect of temperature. The effectiveness also depends on the soil moisture and soil pH. In addition to the simple yet gentle application, the invention offers the further advantage that many weeds completely die off in the process, since the roots are also destroyed depending on the depth effect and the seeds. As a result, the thermal weed killing achieves a long-term effect, with no additional energy supply, such as e.g. when burning, is required.

Particularly advantageous is the method for thermal weed control perform with an additional step, namely profiling the soil by forming transverse grooves by means of a suitable concave-shaped roller before the multi-lane furrows. In this way, a smooth surface can be produced, on the one hand protects the carrier layer from damage and on the other hand allows a good heat transfer. In a modification of the method according to the invention, the multi-lane furrows of the soil can be omitted in order to ensure direct and full-surface heat input into the soil or soil.

In a further advantageous step before rolling, in the course of plowing a layer of biodegradable insulating material, for example in the form of chopped straw, is applied to the plow bottom and subsequently covered with soil. The biodegradable insulating material forms an insulating layer and thus reduces unwanted Heat radiation into deeper ground areas, or in other words, the heat remains longer in the topsoil, which is particularly advantageous in the absence of sunlight.

The invention will be described in the following without limiting the general idea of the invention by means of exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawings. Show it,

1 shows a cross-sectional view of the multilayer herbicide element according to the invention in a first embodiment, FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the multilayer herbicide element according to the invention in a second embodiment,

FIG. 3: a cross-sectional view of the multilayer herbicidal element according to the invention in a third embodiment,

FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of an edge region of the multilayer herbicide element from FIGS

Figure 5: a view of a tillage machine.

1 shows in a cross-sectional view a multilayer herbicidal film 1 according to the invention in a first embodiment, which clearly shows the multi-layered structure. Between the three illustrated film layers, namely a transparent cover layer 2 and a likewise transparent intermediate film 3 on the one hand and the transparent intermediate film 3 and the black surface of the carrier film 4 on the other hand, an air chamber 0, 11 is enclosed in each case. As can be seen further in FIG. 1, the carrier film 4 rests on the smoothed and planar surface of the ground floor 30 without gaps. If light rays 20 now strike the black surface of the carrier film 4 through the cover layer 2 and the intermediate film 3, the carrier film 4 absorbs the light rays 20, wherein the energy absorbed by radiation is converted into thermal energy. Thereafter, the air in the air chambers 10, 1 warms 1. This process continues until a steady temperature has set, which may well be 100 ° C and more on sunny days. The heated carrier film 4 gives a part of the heat energy directly to the ground 30, so that the soil underneath is continuously heated.

Already at 47 ° C, the proteins that contain the plant parts, especially the cell walls are destroyed. Further growth of the plants is thus prevented, the plant dies. Even at temperatures around 60 ° C and vegetative cells of the first types of bacteria and fungi are killed.

During the heating phase, the air expands in the air chamber 10, 11. In order to have a sufficient output air volume, elastic spacer elements 5, 6 are provided at intervals in the air chambers 10, 11. In the embodiment of FIG. 1, helical plastic spring elements or, in the lower air chamber 11, helical plastic spring elements or short helical springs are provided in the upper air chamber 10, wherein the spring force of the helical springs is greater than that of the helical springs.

Preferably, the multilayer herbicidal element 1, 2, 22 is adapted to cause a heating of at least 20 ° C an outer side 400 of the support layer 4 relative to an outer side 200 of the cover layer 2. The outer side 400 of the carrier layer 4 is the side of the carrier layer 4 facing the ground 30, and the outer side 200 of the cover layer 2 is the side of the cover layer 2 facing away from the ground. The outer side 400 of the carrier layer 4 is thus adapted to make contact with the ground 30 to warm it up. The outer surface 200 of the topsheet 2 is typically directed upward, toward the sky and away from the ground 30, to allow for solar radiation. In other words, the outsides 200, 400 may be referred to as the outsides 200, 400 of the multilayer herbicidal element 1, 21, 22.

FIG. 2 shows a multilayer herbicidal film 21 according to the invention in a second embodiment. This second embodiment of a multi-layer herbicidal film 21 differs from the first embodiment in the formation of the lower air chamber 1 1. Namely, the lower air chamber 11 is divided by a plurality of partitions 7 in a plurality of parallel partial air chambers 11 a, 1 1 b, 11 c. In addition, the partitions 7 cavities 8, which can be filled with a gaseous or liquid fluid under a slight overpressure, whereby a relatively dimensionally stable partition wall 7 is formed. The formation of the partition 7 with the cavity 8 could also be used as a hose describe. The subdivision into different partial air chambers 11 a, 11 b, 11 c provided here has the further advantage that with punctual damage of the carrier film, air can only escape from a single partial air chamber 11 a, 11 b, 11 c. 2, this second embodiment of a multi-layer herbicidal film 21 differs also in that the spacer elements 5, 6 are formed in the upper air chamber 10 as coil springs. At this point it should be noted that the upper air chamber 10 would also be divisible by partitions in partial air chambers.

FIG. 3 shows a multilayer herbicidal film 22 according to the invention in a third embodiment, again in a cross-sectional view. This third embodiment differs from the first embodiment on the one in the formation of the lower air chamber 11, wherein the lower air chamber 11 is divided by relatively fixed partitions 9 in this embodiment in a plurality of parallel partial air chambers 11d, 11e, 11f. Wherein the partitions 9 are articulated there, hingedly connected, so to speak, with the intermediate foil 3 and the carrier foil 4, so that they are rolled up when the multilayer is rolled up

Fold over the herbicide film. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the cover film 2 has a plurality of optical lenses 12 on the upper side, which ensure a higher luminous efficiency, since the reflection on the surface is markedly reduced and a larger proportion of the light beams is conducted into the multilayer film.

FIG. 4 shows an edge region of the multilayer herbicidal film 1 according to the invention in the first embodiment as shown in FIG. 1, namely a first upper air chamber enclosed by the transparent cover film 2 and the transparent intermediate film 3 The lower air chamber 11 has a compressed air supply 14 for filling the lower air chamber 11 with compressed air. The above arranged upper air chamber 10 is closed in the illustrated edge region of the film web by gluing or welding. For filling the upper air chamber 10, a valve (also not shown) may be provided on the opposite edge area (not shown here). Due to this arrangement, a film web is produced, which has a flattening on both sides, which facilitates attachment or weighting of the film web with soil in the edge regions. Fig. 5 shows a rear view of a soil working machine 31 exemplified here nine spur wheels 32 which produce nine triangular grooves 33 in the ground 30 in the embodiment, which have smooth edges and the earth's surface, on which the heat can act below the film web, increase accordingly ,

Reference numbers list:

1 multilayer herbicide film

2 cover sheet

3 intermediate foil

4 carrier film

5 spacer element

6 spacer

7 partition

8 cavity

9 partition

10 air chamber

11 air chamber

11a partial air chamber

11b partial air chamber

11c partial air chamber

11d partial air chamber

11e partial air chamber

12 lens

13 valve

14 compressed air supply

21 multi-layer herbicide film

22 multilayer herbicide film

30 soil

31 tillage machine

32 track wheel

33 furrows

Claims

Claims:

Multi-layered herbicidal element (1, 21, 22) which has at least two layers spaced apart by spacer elements (5, 6) and / or partitions (7, 9), namely a cover layer (2) and a carrier layer (4), between the cover layer (2) and the carrier layer (4) at least one air chamber (10, 11) is formed, characterized in that the cover layer (2) has a high light transmittance and the carrier layer (4) has a high light absorption capacity, wherein the carrier layer (4 ) received light energy is converted into thermal energy.

Multi-layered herbicidal element (1, 21, 22) according to claim 1, characterized in that between the cover layer (2) and the carrier layer (4) at least one intermediate layer (3) is arranged at a distance, whereby at least two separate air chambers (10, 11) are formed.

Multi-layered herbicidal element (1, 21, 22) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the spacer elements (5, 6) are designed to be elastic, preferably resilient and / or compressible.

Multi-layered herbicidal element (1, 21, 22) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spacer elements (5, 6) are designed as spiral-shaped, helical or sheet-shaped plastic spring elements.

Multi-ply herbicide element (1, 21, 22) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the spacer elements (5, 6) as vertical partitions (7, 9) for forming a plurality of partial air chambers (11a, 11b, 11 c, 11d , 11e, 11f) are formed.

Multi-layered herbicidal element (1, 21, 22), according to claim 5, characterized in that the vertical partitions (7, 9) each have a cavity (8) which, preferably via a valve, can be filled with a fluid.

7. Multi-layer herbicidal element (1, 21, 22) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the carrier layer (4) has a dark, preferably black top and at least partially metallic, in particular as Metal foil, and / or polymer, for example, as a thermally conductive plastic film is formed.

8. Multi-ply herbicide element (1, 21, 22) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the underside of the carrier layer (4) has good heat dissipation and heat radiation properties and preferably for protection against sharp-edged stones or the like, a fabric structure or a tissue portion having.

9. Multi-layered herbicidal element (1, 21, 22) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cover layer (2) has in its upper, outwardly directed layer a plurality of integrated optical lenses (12).

10. Multi-layer herbicidal element (1, 21, 22) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cover layer (2) and the intermediate layer (3) consist of transparent plastic, which has a high temperature resistance, wherein the plastic in particular a thermoplastic of the group EPM, EPDM, ETFE, FEP, PFA, PEI, PHA, PHB, PI or PSU.

11. Multi-layered herbicidal element (1, 21, 22) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cover layer (2) and / or the intermediate layer (3) on the underside has a particular one-sided heat radiation reflecting layer to reduce unwanted heat radiation.

12. Multi-layer herbicidal element (1, 21, 22) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cover layer (2) and the carrier layer (4) and the space enclosed therebetween, in particular the air chambers (10, 11, 11 a, 1 1 b, 11 c, 11 d, 11 e, 11 f) and cavities (8) is or are free from chemically acting herbicides and / or pesticides.

13. The multi-layer herbicidal element (1, 21, 22) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the multi-layer herbicidal element (1, 21, 22) is adapted to a heating of at least 20 ° C an outer side (400) of the carrier layer ( 4) relative to an outer side (200) of the cover layer (2). Use of a multi-layer herbicidal element (1, 21, 22) according to one of the preceding claims for at least one of the following purposes:

- covering of land for thermal weed control in horticulture and landscaping and / or agriculture;

- Covering paved areas of driveways, farms, paths, terraces or the like for environmentally friendly and sustainable weed control in joints and other spaces by heat.

A method of applying a multi-layer herbicidal element (1, 21, 22) according to any one of the preceding claims for the purpose of thermal weed control comprising the steps of:

Covering the optionally treated soil (30) with the herbicidal element (1, 21, 22),

- filling the air chambers (10, 11) and / or partial air chambers (11 a, 11 b, 1 c, 1 1 d, 11 e, 11 f) and / or the cavities (8) in the partitions (7) of the multilayer herbicide (1, 21 , 22) with compressed air,

- Heating the carrier layer (4) by sunlight and

- Passing the heat energy into the ground.