DE102016222389A1 - Multi-layer herbicidal element and method of using the herbicide element - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a multi-layer herbicidal element that can be used in agriculture, gardening and landscaping and on paving drones, yards, paths, terraces and the like for environmentally friendly and sustainable weed control. The invention further relates to a method for processing and preparing the soil, in particular in landscaping and horticulture and in agriculture and applying a multi-layer herbicide to the previously processed soil.

Description

The invention relates to a multi-layer herbicidal element that can be used in agriculture, gardening and landscaping and on paving drones, yards, paths, terraces and the like for environmentally friendly and sustainable weed control.

The invention further relates to a method for processing and preparing the soil, in particular in landscaping and horticulture and in agriculture and applying a multi-layer herbicide.

The protection of agricultural land, horticultural facilities and paved pathways against weed growth requires a high physical effort in the case of manual cleanup and / or physical and continuous repetitive effort in the application of herbicides. The use of chemical herbicides also has the disadvantage of high recurring costs, high environmental risks from soil contamination, and relatively complicated handling coupled with in-depth expertise to always achieve the right selective crop protection effects. The prior art knows a large number of chemically acting herbicides, which are applied by spraying after dissolving in water and uniform distribution on the surfaces to be protected.

Also known to those skilled in the art are various types of films used to cover agricultural surfaces, plants and the like. The DE 24 50 114 C2 describes, for example, transparent plastic films in the form of film webs for covering plant crops.

From the sealing technology for dykes, landfills and soil protection various surface waterproofing are known to be made of single-layer film webs. Depending on the purpose of these, usually wound on rolls of film webs, in different materials, eg. As PE HD, PVC, PUR, PP and web thicknesses of a few hundredths to several millimeters thick and maximum web widths of several meters commercially available. For better adhesion between the soil layers, especially on slopes, some products are provided on one or both sides with a roughened surface. The film webs are made entirely of a plastic grade and are either glued or welded to the butt overlaps.

From the DE 296 22 928 U1 The effect of minimal Cu ion concentrations is also known as root growth and plant toxin, but obviously not practicable, as their influence on all plant species has a detrimental, non-selective effect. There, a composite of a copper foil and a plastic film is proposed for laying. Such a film is also relatively expensive by the use of copper. Furthermore, copper corrodes in the air, so that the desired effect decreases relatively quickly.

Starting from this prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a herbicidal element which enables effective and sustainable weed control and is free from chemically acting herbicides and / or pesticides. It is therefore the object of the invention to provide a method of using the herbicidal element which ensures its effectiveness and, moreover, enhances its effectiveness.

The object is achieved in accordance with a first aspect of the present invention by a multilayer herbicidal element which has at least two layers spaced apart by spacer elements and / or partitions, namely a cover layer and a carrier layer, wherein at least one air chamber is formed between the cover layer and the carrier layer the cover layer has a high light transmittance and the carrier layer has a high light absorption capacity, and thus the light energy received by the carrier layer is converted into thermal energy. The multi-layered herbicide element can also be described as a herbicidal solar element because of this active principle.

An advantageous reinforcement of said active principle is achieved in that at least one intermediate layer is arranged at a distance between the cover layer and the carrier layer, with which at least two separate air chambers can be formed. This embodiment of the multilayer herbicide or herbicidal solar film is particularly suitable for use in areas of low solar radiation.

By means of the multilayer herbicide element or herbicidal solar element according to the invention, a soil warming of significantly above 90 ° C. at the earth's surface is achieved, whereby a considerable warming of the soil was measured to a depth of two to three decimetres. Already at 47 ° C, the proteins that contain the plant parts, especially the cell walls, destroyed. Further growth of the plants or weeds is thus prevented, the plant or the weed dies. Even at temperatures around 60 ° C and vegetative cells of the first types of bacteria and fungi are killed. From 70 ° C, the first types of viruses are already destroyed in damp heat. By means of the multi-layered herbicide element not only a growth of weeds is sustainably prevented, but it also bacteria and fungal spores and sometimes even viruses are destroyed by the influence of temperature.

In a first development of the multilayer herbicide element, the spacing elements between the individual layers are elastic, preferably resilient and / or compressible, in particular designed as spiral, screw or leaf-shaped plastic spring elements.

In an alternative development, the spacer elements are formed as vertical partitions for the purpose of forming a plurality of partial air chambers, wherein the vertical partitions may each have a cavity, which is preferably filled via a valve, with a fluid under slight pressure. Under light pressure here is an overpressure of 0.03 to 0.5 bar at 20 ° C to understand, taking into account the selected film quality.

In a preferred embodiment, the carrier layer of the multilayer herbicide has a dark, especially black top and is at least partially metallic, for example as a metal foil, or polymer, for example, as a thermally conductive plastic film formed. The underside of the carrier layer preferably has good heat dissipation and / or heat radiation properties.

In an advantageous development, the carrier layer for protection against pointed and / or sharp-edged objects on the ground surface, e.g. sharp-edged stones, a tissue structure and / or a tissue component.

In a particularly preferred development, the cover layer has in its upper, outwardly directed layer a multiplicity of integrated optical lenses or is correspondingly shaped like a lens, for example by embossing. As a result of this measure, as few sunbeams as possible are reflected or, expressed positively, as much radiant energy is introduced into the multilayered herbicidal element, whereby the efficiency and thus the effectiveness can be sustainably improved.

An advantageous development of the multilayer herbicide element or herbicidal solar element is characterized in that the cover layer and / or the intermediate layer has or have a heat radiation-reflecting layer on the underside, in order to reduce unwanted heat loss due to thermal radiation.

Advantageously, in particular in the sense of a long service life of the multi-layer herbicide, the top layer and the intermediate layer of a transparent plastic, which has a high temperature resistance, wherein the plastic is in particular a thermoplastic from the group ethylene-propylene copolymer (EPM), ethylene-propylene Diene rubber (EPDM), ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), perfluoroalkoxy polymers (PFA), polyetherimide (PEI), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polyhydroxybutyrate PHB, polyimides (PI) or polysulfone (PSU) can. Since good results can already be achieved at temperatures of around 70 ° C, materials such as PP and PE can also be used.

A particularly advantageous property of the multilayer herbicide element according to the invention is that the cover layer, the intermediate layer and the carrier layer as well as the space enclosed in between, namely the air chambers and the cavities, are free from chemically acting herbicides and / or pesticides.

The multilayer herbicidal element is particularly preferably a multilayer herbicidal film, wherein the cover layer is a cover film, the carrier layer is a carrier film and optionally the intermediate layer is an intermediate film. The herbicidal film is advantageously elastic and flexible, so that it is rollable and compressible as a film web and thus to handle after production and / or after use as easy to handle role and to save space. However, it is also conceivable rigid or solid herbicidal elements, for example made of plastic or glass, in particular in the form of plates or panels. From a conventional solar element, this embodiment differs by omitting the absorber in the element, according to the invention, the soil forms the absorber.

The carrier layer or carrier film preferably has a thickness of between 0.015 mm and 1.5 mm. In particular, it has a high tensile strength with rather low elasticity. The cover layer and / or the intermediate layer (s) preferably have a thickness which amounts to 20% to 80% of the thickness of the carrier layer. Thus, the material thickness or thickness of the cover layer and / or the intermediate layer is preferably in a range between 0.01 mm and 1.0 mm. The cover layer preferably has a lower tensile strength compared to the carrier layer, wherein its extensibility and / or its bending elasticity are preferably greater than that of the carrier layer.

• - vorzugsweise Lockerung und Krümelung des Erdbodens mittels eines geeigneten Bodenbearbeitungsgerätes, wie z.B. ein Pflug, Grubber oder eine Scheibenegge,
• - vorzugsweise Walzen des Erdbodens, insbesondere mittels einer konkav ausgebildeten Walze,
• - vorzugsweise mehrbahniges Furchen des Erdbodens mittels bspw. Spurrädern oder Spurscheiben,
• - ggf. Abziehen der mehrlagigen Folienbahn von einer Rolle,
• - Abdecken des ggf. zuvor bearbeiteten Erdbodens mit dem Herbizidelement,
• - Füllen der Luftkammern und/oder Teilluftkammern und/oder Hohlräume in den Trennwänden des mehrlagigen Herbizidelements mit Druckluft,
• - Aufheizen der Trägerlage durch Sonneneinstrahlung und
• - Leiten der Wärmeenergie in den Erdboden.

The object is also achieved by a method for applying a multi-layer herbicidal element, preferably in the form of a multi-layer film web, for thermal weed control in horticulture and landscaping and in agriculture with the following steps:

• - preferably loosening and crumbling of the soil by means of a suitable soil tillage implement, such as a plow, cultivator or disc harrow,
• - preferably rolling the soil, in particular by means of a concave roll,
• - preferably multi-lane furrows of the ground by means of, for example, spur wheels or track discs,
• if necessary, stripping off the multilayer film web from a roll,
• Covering the optionally previously treated soil with the herbicidal element,
• Filling the air chambers and / or partial air chambers and / or cavities in the partitions of the multi-layer herbicide element with compressed air,
• - Heating the carrier layer by sunlight and
• - Passing the heat energy into the ground.

• - Beschweren der Randbereiche benachbarter Folienbahnen, insbesondere mittels wassergefüllter Schläuche, und vorzugsweise
• - lösbares Fixieren der Schläuche durch mit der Folienbahn verbundenen Schlaufen oder Laschen.

Further advantageous steps, in particular between compressed air filling and heating, can be:

• - Complaining the edge regions of adjacent film webs, in particular by means of water-filled hoses, and preferably
• - releasable fixing of the hoses by connected to the film web loops or tabs.

The heated carrier layer continuously dissipates the heat energy to the ground, so that the soil underneath is continuously heated. After a few hours, a steady temperature, which on sunny, especially on cloud-free days may well be 100 ° C and more. More than 47 degrees of heat leads to denaturation of vegetable protein and the plant dies. Even at temperatures around 60 ° C, the first types of bacteria and fungi are killed. From about 90 ° C beyond certain types of viruses are destroyed. Decisive is always the duration of the effect of temperature. The effectiveness also depends on the soil moisture and soil pH. In addition to the simple yet gentle application, the invention offers the further advantage that many weeds completely die off in the process, since the roots are also destroyed depending on the depth effect and the seeds. As a result, the thermal weed killing achieves a long-term effect, with no additional energy supply, such as e.g. when burning, is required.

Particularly advantageous is the method for thermal weed control perform with an additional step, namely profiling the soil by forming transverse grooves by means of a suitable concave-shaped roller before the multi-lane furrows. In this way, a smooth surface can be produced, on the one hand protects the carrier layer from damage and on the other hand, a good heat transfer is possible. In a modification of the method according to the invention, the multi-lane furrows of the soil can be omitted in order to ensure direct and full-surface heat input into the soil or soil.

In a further advantageous step before rolling, in the course of plowing a layer of biodegradable insulating material, for example in the form of chopped straw, is applied to the plow bottom and subsequently covered with soil. The biodegradable insulating material forms an insulating layer and thus reduces unwanted heat radiation into deeper ground areas, or in other words the heat remains longer in the topsoil, which is particularly advantageous in the absence of sunlight.

• 1: eine Querschnittsansicht des mehrlagigen Herbizidelements gemäß der Erfindung in einer ersten Ausgestaltung,
• 2: eine Querschnittsansicht des mehrlagigen Herbizidelements gemäß der Erfindung in einer zweiten Ausgestaltung,
• 3: eine Querschnittsansicht des mehrlagigen Herbizidelements gemäß der Erfindung in einer dritten Ausgestaltung,
• 4: eine Querschnittsansicht eines Randbereichs des mehrlagigen Herbizidelements aus 1 und
• 5: eine Ansicht einer Bodenbearbeitungsmaschine.

The invention will now be described by way of example without limitation of the general inventive idea by means of embodiments with reference to the drawings. Show it,

• 1 FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the multilayer herbicidal element according to the invention in a first embodiment, FIG.
• 2 FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the multilayer herbicidal element according to the invention in a second embodiment, FIG.
• 3 FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the multilayer herbicidal element according to the invention in a third embodiment, FIG.
• 4 FIG. 3: a cross-sectional view of a peripheral region of the multilayer herbicide element. FIG 1 and
• 5 : a view of a soil tillage machine.

The 1 shows in a cross-sectional view a multilayer herbicidal film 1 according to the invention in a first embodiment, which clearly shows the multilayer construction. Between the three illustrated film layers, namely a transparent cover layer 2 and a likewise transparent intermediate film 3 on the one hand and the transparent intermediate foil 3 and the black surface of the carrier film 4 On the other hand, each is an air chamber 10 . 11 locked in. As 1 can be further seen, lies the carrier film 4 free of space on the smoothed and level surface of the soil 30 , Now light rays 20 fall through the top layer 2 and the intermediate foil 3 on the black surface of the carrier film 4 so absorbs the carrier film 4 the light rays 20, the radiation by absorbed energy is converted into thermal energy. As a result, the air in the air chambers heats up 10 . 11 , This process continues until a steady temperature has set, which can be quite 100 ° C and more on sunny days. The heated carrier foil 4 gives some of the heat energy directly to the ground 30 so that the underlying soil is heated continuously.

Already at 47 ° C, the proteins that contain the plant parts, especially the cell walls are destroyed. Further growth of the plants is thus prevented, the plant dies. Even at temperatures around 60 ° C and vegetative cells of the first types of bacteria and fungi are killed.

During the heating phase, the air expands in the air chambers 10 . 11 , In order to have a sufficient output air volume, are in the air chambers 10 . 11 at intervals elastic spacers 5 . 6 intended. In the embodiment according to 1 are in the upper air chamber 10 helical plastic spring elements, or short spiral springs and in the lower air chamber 11 helical plastic spring elements or short coil springs provided, wherein the spring force of the coil springs is greater than that of the coil springs.

The 2 shows a multilayer herbicidal film 21 according to the invention in a second embodiment. This second embodiment of a multilayer herbicidal film 21 differs from the first embodiment in the formation of the lower air chamber 11 , The lower air chamber 11 is in fact by a plurality of partitions 7 in a variety of parallel partial air chambers 11a . 11b . 11c divided. In addition, the dividing walls 7 cavities 8th on, which can be filled with a gaseous or liquid fluid under slight pressure, resulting in a relatively dimensionally stable partition 7 formed. The formation of the partition 7 with the cavity 8th could also be called a hose. The here provided subdivision into different partial air chambers 11a . 11b . 11c brings the further advantage that with punctual damage to the carrier film, only from a single partial air chamber 11a . 11b . 11c Air can escape. As the 2 Furthermore, this second embodiment of a multilayer herbicidal film differs 21 also in that the spacer elements 5 . 6 in the upper air chamber 10 are formed as coil springs. At this point it should be noted that the upper air chamber 10 would also be divisible by partitions in partial air chambers.

The 3 shows a multilayer herbicidal film 31 according to the invention in a third embodiment, again in a cross-sectional view. This third embodiment differs from the first embodiment on the one in the formation of the lower air chamber 11, wherein the lower air chamber 11 in this embodiment by relatively solid partitions 9 in a variety of parallel partial air chambers 11d . 11e , 11f is divided. Where the partitions 9 there with the intermediate foil 3 and the carrier film 4 are hinged, quasi-hinged, so that they fold over when rolling up the multilayer herbicide film. As the 3 reveals to the other, assigns the cover sheet 2 on the top side a variety of optical lenses 12 on, ensure a higher light output, since the reflection on the surface significantly reduced and a greater proportion of light rays is passed into the multilayer film.

The 4 shows an edge region of the multilayer herbicidal film 1 according to the invention in the first embodiment as in 1 represented, namely a first, of the transparent cover sheet 2 and the transparent intermediate film 3 enclosed, upper air chamber 10 , Furthermore, a second of the intermediate film 3 and the carrier film 4 enclosed lower air chamber 11 , The lower air chamber 11 has a compressed air supply 14 for filling the lower air chamber 11 with compressed air. The above arranged upper air chamber 10 is closed in the illustrated edge region of the film web by gluing or welding. For filling the upper air chamber 10 can be provided on the opposite edge area, not shown here, also not shown valve. Due to this arrangement, a film web is produced, which has a flattening on both sides, which facilitates attachment or weighting of the film web with soil in the edge regions.

The 5 shows a rear view of a tillage machine 31 with here exemplified nine wheeled wheels 32 in the ground 30 in the exemplary embodiment, nine triangular furrows 33 produce, which have smooth edges and the earth's surface on which the heat can act below the film web to increase accordingly.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

multilayer herbicidal film

2

cover sheet

3

intermediate film

4

support film

5

spacer

6

spacer

7

partition wall

8th

cavity

9

partition wall

10

air chamber

11

air chamber

11a

Partial air chamber

11b

Partial air chamber

11c

Partial air chamber

11d

Partial air chamber

11e

Partial air chamber

12

lens

13

Valve

14

Compressed air supply

21

multilayer herbicidal film

22

multilayer herbicidal film

30

ground

31

Tillage machine

32

track wheel

33

furrow

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 2450114 C2 [0004]
• DE 29622928 U1 [0006]

Claims (15)

Multi-layered herbicidal element (1, 21, 22) which has at least two layers spaced apart by spacer elements (5, 6) and / or partitions (7, 9), namely a cover layer (2) and a carrier layer (4), between the cover layer (2) and the carrier layer (4) at least one air chamber (10, 11) is formed, characterized in that the cover layer (2) has a high light transmittance and the carrier layer (4) has a high light absorption capacity, wherein the carrier layer (4 ) received light energy is converted into thermal energy. Multi-layered herbicidal element (1, 21, 22), according to Claim 1 , characterized in that between the cover layer (2) and the carrier layer (4) at least one intermediate layer (3) is arranged at a distance, whereby at least two separate air chambers (10, 11) are formed. Multi-layered herbicidal element (1, 21, 22), according to Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the spacer elements (5, 6) are elastic, preferably resilient and / or compressible. Multi-layered herbicidal element (1, 21, 22) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spacer elements (5, 6) are formed as spiral-shaped, helical or sheet-shaped plastic spring elements. Multi-layered herbicidal element (1, 21, 22), according to Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the spacer elements (5, 6) as vertical partitions (7, 9) for the purpose of forming a plurality of partial air chambers (11a, 11b, 11c, 11d, 11e, 11f) are formed. Multi-layered herbicidal element (1, 21, 22), according to Claim 5 , characterized in that the vertical partitions (7, 9) each have a cavity (8) which, preferably via a valve, can be filled with a fluid. Multi-layered herbicidal element (1, 21, 22) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the carrier layer (4) has a dark, preferably black upper side and at least partially metallic, in particular as a metal foil, and / or polymer, for example as a thermally conductive plastic foil, is trained. Multi-layered herbicidal element (1, 21, 22) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the underside of the carrier layer (4) has good heat dissipation and heat radiation properties and preferably has a fabric structure or a fabric component for protection against sharp-edged stones or the like. Multi-layered herbicidal element (1, 21, 22) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cover layer (2) has in its upper, outwardly directed layer a multiplicity of integrated optical lenses (12). Multi-layered herbicidal element (1, 21, 22) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cover layer (2) and the intermediate layer (3) consist of transparent plastic, which has a high temperature resistance, wherein the plastic in particular a thermoplastic from the group EPM, EPDM, ETFE, FEP, PFA, PEI, PHA, PHB, PI or PSU. Multi-layered herbicidal element (1, 21, 22) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cover layer (2) and / or the intermediate layer (3) has on the underside a particular heat radiation on one side reflective layer to reduce unwanted heat radiation. Multi-layered herbicidal element (1, 21, 22) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cover layer (2) and the carrier layer (4) and the space enclosed between them, in particular the air chambers (10, 11, 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d, 11e, 11f) and cavities (8) are or are free from chemically acting herbicides and / or pesticides. Use of a multi-layered herbicide element (1, 21, 22) after at least one of Claims 1 to 12 for covering ground surfaces for the purpose of thermal weed control in horticulture and landscaping and / or in agriculture. Use of a multi-layered herbicide element (1, 21, 22) after at least one of Claims 1 to 12 to cover paved areas of driveways, courtyards, paths, terraces or the like for environmentally friendly and sustainable weed control in joints and other spaces by heat. Method for applying a multi-layered herbicide element (1, 21, 22) for thermal weed control comprising the steps of: Covering the optionally treated soil (30) with the herbicidal element (1, 21, 22), - filling the air chambers (10, 11) and / or partial air chambers (11a, 11b, 11c, 11d, 11e, 11f) and / or the cavities (8) in the partitions (7) of the multilayer herbicide element (1, 21, 22) with compressed air, - Heating the carrier layer (4) by sunlight and - Passing the heat energy into the ground.

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