WO2018090803A1 - 提高激光搭接焊的焊缝质量的工艺方法 - Google Patents

提高激光搭接焊的焊缝质量的工艺方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018090803A1
WO2018090803A1 PCT/CN2017/107754 CN2017107754W WO2018090803A1 WO 2018090803 A1 WO2018090803 A1 WO 2018090803A1 CN 2017107754 W CN2017107754 W CN 2017107754W WO 2018090803 A1 WO2018090803 A1 WO 2018090803A1
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Prior art keywords
weld
workpiece
laser
welding
incident angle
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
韩晓辉
赵瑞荣
刘永刚
马爱华
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CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co Ltd
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CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co Ltd
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Priority to US16/305,564 priority Critical patent/US20200324371A1/en
Publication of WO2018090803A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018090803A1/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
    • B23K26/24—Seam welding
    • B23K26/244—Overlap seam welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/03—Observing, e.g. monitoring, the workpiece
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/006—Vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/18—Sheet panels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
    • B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
    • B23K2103/05—Stainless steel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
    • G06F2119/08—Thermal analysis or thermal optimisation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of laser lap welding technology, in particular to a process method for improving the quality of laser lap welding.
  • the stainless steel car body has the characteristics of low comprehensive cost, long operating life and high safety, and has become an important material for rail transit and has been widely used.
  • the welding of stainless steel car body has been transitioned from spot welding to laser welding to achieve good appearance, high strength and good sealing performance.
  • the prior art does not mention the method of determining the angle of incidence of the laser. Therefore, the quality stability of the workpiece after welding cannot be guaranteed during the actual operation. Therefore, there is a need in the prior art for a method of determining the angle of incidence of a laser to ensure the quality of the weld of the lap weld.
  • the invention provides a process for improving the quality of a weld of laser lap welding, so as to solve the problem that the incident angle of the laser in the prior art cannot be determined.
  • the invention provides a process method for improving the quality of laser welding of laser lap welding, the method comprises: S100, performing laser welding simulation on the workpiece and determining the heat source model parameters of the laser welding simulation; S200, different workpieces according to the heat source model parameters The welding simulation of the incident angle obtains the first weld parameter corresponding to different incident angles; S300, when the first weld parameter is within the preset range, determining that the incident angle corresponding to the first weld parameter is the actual laser incident angle.
  • S100 includes: S101, the workpiece is actually welded according to a preset incident angle, and the actual weld parameters of the workpiece are obtained; S103, the heat source model parameters of the laser welding simulation are adjusted according to the actual weld parameters of the workpiece.
  • S100 further includes: S102, performing welding simulation on the workpiece according to a preset incident angle, and acquiring a second weld parameter corresponding to the preset incident angle; wherein, after executing S102, S103 includes, according to The actual weld parameters of the workpiece and the second weld parameters adjust the heat source model parameters of the laser welding simulation.
  • the first weld parameter includes the weld depth dimension of the weld and the weld width of the weld.
  • the preset range includes a first preset range
  • S300 includes: S301.
  • the preset range includes a first preset range and a second preset range.
  • the S300 further includes: S302, according to the first preset range, Determining a plurality of incident angles in a first preset range; S303, obtaining a melt width corresponding to the plurality of incident angles in the first preset range according to the plurality of incident angles in the first preset range; S304 When the width corresponding to the plurality of incident angles in the first preset range meets the second preset range, determining that the incident angle corresponding to the melted size is the actual laser incident angle.
  • heat source model parameter values include heat source power, welding speed, and heat source radius.
  • the process further includes: S400, performing actual welding on the workpiece according to an actual laser incident angle.
  • the laser welding simulation of the workpiece is performed, and the heat source model parameters of the laser welding simulation are determined; the welding simulation of the workpiece is performed according to the determined heat source model parameters, and the first corresponding to different incident angles is obtained.
  • Weld parameter when the first welding parameter is within the preset range, it is determined that the incident angle corresponding to the first weld parameter is the actual laser incident angle.
  • the workpiece can be simulated and welded before the workpiece is actually welded, and the actual laser incident angle is determined according to the measured first weld parameter, so that the laser is improved while determining the laser welding angle of the workpiece during actual welding.
  • the welding quality of lap welding improves the stability of laser lap welding.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing a process for improving the quality of a weld of a laser lap weld according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a workpiece welding according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • orientations such as “front, back, up, down, left, right", “horizontal, vertical, vertical, horizontal” and “top, bottom” and the like are indicated. Or the positional relationship is generally based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is merely for the convenience of the description of the invention and the simplification of the description, which are not intended to indicate or imply the indicated device or component. It must be constructed and operated in a specific orientation or in a specific orientation, and thus is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention; the orientations “inside and outside” refer to the inside and outside of the contour of the components themselves.
  • spatially relative terms such as “above”, “above”, “on top”, “above”, etc., may be used herein to describe as in the drawings.
  • the exemplary term “above” can include both “over” and "under”.
  • the device can also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the corresponding description of the space used herein is interpreted accordingly.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a process for improving the quality of a weld of a laser lap weld. Specifically, the method includes:
  • the parameter values of the heat source model of the simulated welding are debugged to match the simulated value with the actual value, thereby improving the simulation accuracy and the reliability of the data, and providing data support for the subsequent actual welding.
  • the workpiece is subjected to welding simulation of different incident angles, and the first weld parameters corresponding to different incident angles are obtained.
  • the welding simulation is performed on the workpiece, and the simulation experiment can be performed multiple times, and the laser incident angle needs to be adjusted for each simulation to obtain the first weld parameter of the corresponding workpiece under different incident angles. .
  • the incident angle corresponding to the first weld parameter is actual Laser incident angle.
  • the laser welding simulation of the workpiece is performed, and the heat source model parameters of the laser welding simulation are determined; the welding simulation of the workpiece is performed according to the determined heat source model parameters, and the first corresponding to different incident angles is obtained.
  • Weld parameter when the first welding parameter is within the preset range, it is determined that the incident angle corresponding to the first weld parameter is the actual laser incident angle.
  • the workpiece can be simulated and welded before the workpiece is actually welded, and the actual laser incident angle is determined according to the measured first weld parameter, so that the laser is improved while determining the laser welding angle of the workpiece during actual welding.
  • the welding quality of lap welding improves the stability of laser lap welding.
  • the S100 includes:
  • the parameters of the heat source model are debugged before the simulated welding of the workpiece. Specifically, in practice, the workpiece is welded according to a preset incident angle, and after welding, the actual weld parameters of the workpiece are measured and obtained. Then, in the simulation, the parameters of the heat source model are firstly debugged according to the actual weld parameters of the workpiece. After the debugging, the workpiece is subjected to simulated welding of multiple incident angles, and the first weld parameters are obtained, according to the first weld parameter value. Determine the actual laser incident angle. By debugging the parameters of the heat source model, the accuracy and reliability of the simulation can be further improved. Among them, the heat source model parameter values include heat source power, welding speed, and heat source radius.
  • the S100 further includes S102.
  • the S102 specifically includes: performing a welding simulation on the workpiece according to a preset incident angle, and acquiring a second weld parameter corresponding to the preset incident angle.
  • S103 adjusts the heat source model parameters of the laser welding simulation according to the actual weld parameters of the workpiece and the second weld parameters.
  • the heat source model parameters are debugged. Specifically, the workpiece is subjected to welding simulation according to a preset incident angle, and the second weld parameter corresponding to the preset incident angle is obtained, and the heat source model parameters are compared by comparing the actual weld parameter with the second weld parameter. debugging.
  • the weld parameter may include a melt width dimension, a melt depth dimension, a weld seam shape, etc., and during the commissioning, the heat source model parameters may be determined by comparing and debugging so that the second weld seam parameter satisfies the actual weld seam parameter. Value and simulate the workpiece according to the heat source model parameter values.
  • the preset range includes a first preset range
  • S300 includes:
  • the weld parameters include other parameters such as the width of the melt, the size of the weld, and the shape of the weld.
  • the depth of penetration is selected as the basis for determining the actual laser incident angle.
  • the depth of penetration affects the welding efficiency of the workpiece, the apparent degree of the back weld trace, and the continuity of the weld.
  • the welding trace on the back surface of the lap test plate can be improved, and the penetration instability caused by the gap between the upper and lower plates or the welding deformation is reduced, and the laser lap welding of the long test plate is improved.
  • the welding efficiency can further improve the overall welding quality of the workpiece, improve the welding strength of the workpiece, and prolong the service life of the workpiece.
  • the first preset range is changed according to the material of the workpiece, the thickness of the workpiece, and the length value.
  • the depth of the penetration depth is as small as possible, on the premise of satisfying the weld joint strength of the workpiece.
  • the preset range includes a first preset range and a second preset range.
  • the S300 further includes:
  • the first preset range is used to determine the penetration depth
  • the second preset range is used to determine the melt size.
  • the melt width dimension may be determined by the second preset range.
  • the actual laser incident angle of the workpiece is determined by the width dimension.
  • the melt width is the melt width at the lap joint of the two workpieces.
  • the depth of the penetration corresponding to the first predetermined range is selected according to the first preset range, and the incident angle corresponding to the penetration depth is determined.
  • the incident angles satisfy the condition, and the melt width dimension corresponding to the plurality of incident angles is compared with the second preset range, and finally the actual laser incident angle is determined according to the incident angle corresponding to the melt width dimension conforming to the second preset range.
  • the increase in the melt width is used as a basis for judging because the melt width determines the welding strength of the workpiece. Therefore, the actual laser incident angle can be judged by the melt width, and the welding strength of the workpiece welding can be improved.
  • the melt width dimension after satisfying the first predetermined range can be compared, and the incident angle corresponding to the maximum melt width dimension is taken as the actual laser incident angle of the workpiece.
  • the process method further includes:
  • the actual laser incident angle of the workpiece is determined by the simulation technique, and the workpiece is welded by the actual laser incident angle.
  • the vertical incident angle is used to weld the workpiece.
  • the protection gas can be used to disperse the plasma cloud generated by the high power welding, and the power density of the surface of the weldment is improved.
  • the melt width dimension and the melt depth dimension can be enlarged.
  • the welding strength can be improved, the welding marks on the back side of the welded workpiece can be improved, and It is beneficial to reduce the instability of the penetration caused by the gap between the upper and lower plates or the welding deformation, and improve the welding efficiency of the laser lap welding of the long test plate.
  • Figure 2 shows a schematic view of the welding of the workpiece, where a shows the penetration dimension of the weld and b shows the width of the weld.
  • the workpiece is actually welded according to a preset incident angle, and the actual weld parameters of the workpiece are obtained.
  • the workpiece is first simulated by a preset incident angle, and the second weld parameter corresponding to the preset incident angle is obtained.
  • the actual weld parameters specifically, the penetration depth, the melt width, the weld shape, etc. of the two can be compared, so that the second weld parameters are close to or the same as the actual weld parameters.
  • the heat source model parameters for the weld simulation can be determined.
  • the workpiece was simulated with a laser power of 2 KW and a welding speed of 2.8 m/min.
  • the workpiece is subjected to welding simulation of different incident angles by the heat source model parameters, and the first weld parameters corresponding to different incident angles are obtained.
  • the thicknesses of the two workpieces are 0.8 mm and 2 mm, respectively, and the welding simulation is performed under the conditions of the incident angles of 0° and 25°, respectively.
  • the simulation shows that the 0° incident angle corresponds to a melt width of 1018 ⁇ m and the penetration depth is 400 ⁇ m; the 25° incident angle corresponds to a melt width of 1028 ⁇ m and a penetration depth of 364 ⁇ m.
  • the angle of incidence of 25° is taken as the actual laser welding angle.
  • the 0° incident angle corresponds to a melt width of 1025 ⁇ m and the penetration depth is 427 ⁇ m; the 25° incident angle corresponds to a melt width of 1200 ⁇ m and a penetration depth of 240 ⁇ m.
  • the workpiece is actually welded according to a preset incident angle, and the actual weld parameters of the workpiece are obtained.
  • the workpiece is first simulated by a preset incident angle, and the second weld parameter corresponding to the preset incident angle is obtained.
  • the actual weld parameters specifically, the penetration depth, the melt width, the weld shape, etc. of the two can be compared, so that the second weld parameters are close to or the same as the actual weld parameters.
  • the heat source model parameters for the weld simulation can be determined.
  • the workpiece was simulated at a laser power of 3.5 kW and a welding speed of 3.7 m/min.
  • the workpiece is subjected to welding simulation of different incident angles by the heat source model parameters, and the first weld parameters corresponding to different incident angles are obtained.
  • the thicknesses of the two workpieces are 2 mm and 2 mm, respectively, and the welding simulation is performed under the conditions of an incident angle of 0° and 25°, respectively.
  • the simulation shows that the 0° incident angle corresponds to a melt width of 1048 ⁇ m and the penetration depth is 666 ⁇ m; the 25° incident angle corresponds to a melt width of 1108 ⁇ m and a penetration depth of 333 ⁇ m.
  • the melt width and the penetration depth at the incident angle of 25° meet the requirements. Therefore, when the workpiece is welded, the incident angle of 25° is taken as the actual laser welding angle.
  • the 0° incident angle corresponds to a melt width of 997 ⁇ m and the penetration depth is 636 ⁇ m; the 25° incident angle corresponds to a melt width of 1111 ⁇ m and a penetration depth of 303 ⁇ m.

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Abstract

一种提高激光搭接焊的焊缝质量的工艺方法，包括S100，对工件进行激光焊接模拟并确定激光焊接模拟的热源模型参数；S200，根据热源模型参数对工件进行不同入射角度的焊接模拟，获取不同入射角度对应的第一焊缝参数；S300，当第一焊缝参数在预设范围内时，确定该第一焊缝参数对应的入射角度为实际激光入射角度。该方法能够改善激光搭接焊的焊缝质量不稳定的问题。

Description

提高激光搭接焊的焊缝质量的工艺方法 技术领域
本发明涉及激光搭接焊技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种提高激光搭接焊的焊缝质量的工艺方法。
背景技术
目前，与采用普通碳钢和铝合金制造的车体相比，不锈钢车体具有综合成本低、运行寿命长、安全性高等特点，已经成为轨道交通的重要材料并得到普及应用。目前不锈钢车体的焊接已由点焊向激光焊接过渡，以实现外观成形好、强度高、密封性能好等目的。
现有技术中，采用不锈钢薄板进行激光搭接焊时，为保证一定的拉剪强度，需要保证一定的焊缝熔宽。同时，对工件的焊缝熔深的连续性、稳定性和背面状态都有一定的要求。激光焊接时，影响熔宽和熔深的因素很多，其中激光的入射角度是影响搭接焊焊接接头形状和质量的重要因素。
现有技术中未提及激光入射角度的确定方法，因此，在实际操作过程中，焊接后的工件质量稳定性无法保证。因此，现有技术中亟需一种确定激光的入射角度的方法，以保证搭接焊的焊缝质量。
发明内容
本发明提供一种提高激光搭接焊的焊缝质量的工艺方法，以解决现有技术中的激光的入射角度无法确定的问题。
本发明提供了一种提高激光搭接焊的焊缝质量的工艺方法，方法包括：S100，对工件进行激光焊接模拟并确定激光焊接模拟的热源模型参数；S200，根据热源模型参数对工件进行不同入射角度的焊接模拟，获取不同入射角度对应的第一焊缝参数；S300，当第一焊缝参数在预设范围内时，确定该第一焊缝参数对应的入射角度为实际激光入射角度。
进一步地，S100包括：S101，工件根据预设入射角进行实际焊接，获取工件的实际焊缝参数；S103，根据工件的实际焊缝参数调节激光焊接模拟的热源模型参数。
进一步地，在执行S103之前，S100还包括：S102，根据预设入射角对工件进行焊接模拟，获取与预设入射角对应的第二焊缝参数；其中，在执行S102之后，S103包括，根据工件的实际焊缝参数以及第二焊缝参数调节激光焊接模拟的热源模型参数。
进一步地，第一焊缝参数包括焊缝的熔深尺寸和焊缝的熔宽尺寸。
进一步地，预设范围包括第一预设范围，S300包括：S301，当熔深尺寸在第一预设范围内时，确定该熔深尺寸对应的入射角度为实际激光入射角度。
进一步地，预设范围包括第一预设范围和第二预设范围，当熔深尺寸在第一预设范围内具有多个入射角度时，S300还包括：S302，根据第一预设范围，确定符合第一预设范围内的多个入射角度；S303，根据符合第一预设范围内的多个入射角度，获取符合第一预设范围内的多个入射角度对应的熔宽尺寸；S304，当符合第一预设范围内的多个入射角度对应的熔宽尺寸符合第二预设范围时，确定该熔宽尺寸对应的入射角度为实际激光入射角度。
进一步地，热源模型参数值包括热源功率、焊接速度以及热源半径。
进一步地，在执行S300之后，工艺方法还包括：S400，根据实际激光入射角度对工件进行实际焊接。
应用本发明的技术方案，通过对工件进行激光焊接模拟，并确定激光焊接模拟的热源模型参数；根据确定后的热源模型参数对工件进行不同入射角度的焊接模拟，得到不同入射角度对应的第一焊缝参数；当第一焊接参数在预设范围内时，确定该第一焊缝参数对应的入射角度为实际激光入射角度。通过该方法可以在工件实际焊接前，先对工件进行模拟焊接试验，根据测得的第一焊缝参数确定实际激光入射角度，如此在确定工件在实际焊接时的激光焊接角度的同时，提高激光搭接焊的焊接质量，提高激光搭接焊的稳定性。
附图说明
构成本申请的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中：
图1示出了根据本发明实施例提供的提高激光搭接焊的焊缝质量的工艺方法的流程示意图；
图2示出了本发明实施例提供的工件焊接的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。以下对至少一个示例性实施例的描述实际上仅仅是说明性的，决不作为对本发明及其应用或使用的任何限制。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
需要注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本申请的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的，除非上下文另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图 包括复数形式，此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。
除非另外具体说明，否则在这些实施例中阐述的部件和步骤的相对布置、数字表达式和数值不限制本发明的范围。同时，应当明白，为了便于描述，附图中所示出的各个部分的尺寸并不是按照实际的比例关系绘制的。对于相关领域普通技术人员已知的技术、方法和设备可能不作详细讨论，但在适当情况下，所述技术、方法和设备应当被视为授权说明书的一部分。在这里示出和讨论的所有示例中，任何具体值应被解释为仅仅是示例性的，而不是作为限制。因此，示例性实施例的其它示例可以具有不同的值。应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步讨论。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，方位词如“前、后、上、下、左、右”、“横向、竖向、垂直、水平”和“顶、底”等所指示的方位或位置关系通常是基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，在未作相反说明的情况下，这些方位词并不指示和暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位或者以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制；方位词“内、外”是指相对于各部件本身的轮廓的内外。
为了便于描述，在这里可以使用空间相对术语，如“在……之上”、“在……上方”、“在……上表面”、“上面的”等，用来描述如在图中所示的一个器件或特征与其他器件或特征的空间位置关系。应当理解的是，空间相对术语旨在包含除了器件在图中所描述的方位之外的在使用或操作中的不同方位。例如，如果附图中的器件被倒置，则描述为“在其他器件或构造上方”或“在其他器件或构造之上”的器件之后将被定位为“在其他器件或构造下方”或“在其他器件或构造之下”。因而，示例性术语“在……上方”可以包括“在……上方”和“在……下方”两种方位。该器件也可以其他不同方式定位(旋转90度或处于其他方位)，并且对这里所使用的空间相对描述作出相应解释。
此外，需要说明的是，使用“第一”、“第二”等词语来限定零部件，仅仅是为了便于对相应零部件进行区别，如没有另行声明，上述词语并没有特殊含义，因此不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制。
如图1所示，本发明实施例提供了一种提高激光搭接焊的焊缝质量的工艺方法，具体的，该方法包括：
S100，对工件进行激光焊接模拟并确定激光焊接模拟的热源模型参数。
具体的，在对工件进行模拟焊接前，先调试模拟焊接的热源模型参数值，使模拟值与实际值相匹配，如此提高模拟准确性以及数据的可靠性，为后续实际焊接提供数据支持。
S200，根据热源模型参数对工件进行不同入射角度的焊接模拟，获取不同入射角度对应的第一焊缝参数。
在热源模型参数确定后，对工件进行焊接模拟，模拟实验可进行多次，每次模拟时需要对激光入射角度进行调整，从而获取不同入射角度的情况下，对应的工件的第一焊缝参数。
S300，当第一焊缝参数在预设范围内时，确定该第一焊缝参数对应的入射角度为实际激光入射角度。
在获取不同入射角度对应的第一焊缝参数后，根据第一焊缝参数进行判断，当第一焊缝参数符合预设范围时，则可以确定该第一焊缝参数对应的入射角度为实际激光入射角度。
应用本发明提供的实施例，对工件进行激光焊接模拟，并确定激光焊接模拟的热源模型参数；根据确定后的热源模型参数对工件进行不同入射角度的焊接模拟，得到不同入射角度对应的第一焊缝参数；当第一焊接参数在预设范围内时，确定该第一焊缝参数对应的入射角度为实际激光入射角度。通过该方法可以在工件实际焊接前，先对工件进行模拟焊接试验，根据测得的第一焊缝参数确定实际激光入射角度，如此在确定工件在实际焊接时的激光焊接角度的同时，提高激光搭接焊的焊接质量，提高激光搭接焊的稳定性。
具体的，该S100包括：
S101，工件根据预设入射角进行实际焊接，获取工件的实际焊缝参数；
S103，根据工件的实际焊缝参数调节激光焊接模拟的热源模型参数。
在本实施例中，在对工件进行模拟焊接之前，先对热源模型参数进行调试。具体的，先在实际中，将工件按照预设入射角进行焊接，焊接后测量并获取工件的实际焊缝参数。然后在模拟时，先根据工件的实际焊缝参数对热源模型参数进行调试，调试之后再对工件进行多个入射角度的模拟焊接，并获取第一焊缝参数，根据第一焊缝参数值来确定实际激光入射角度。通过对热源模型参数进行调试，可以进一步提高模拟的准确性和可靠性。其中，热源模型参数值包括热源功率、焊接速度以及热源半径。
具体的，在执行S103之前，该S100还包括S102，S102具体包括：根据预设入射角对工件进行焊接模拟，获取与预设入射角对应的第二焊缝参数。在执行S102之后，S103为根据工件的实际焊缝参数以及第二焊缝参数调节激光焊接模拟的热源模型参数。
在获取工件实际焊缝参数后，对热源模型参数进行调试。具体的，按照预设入射角对工件进行焊接模拟，获取与预设入射角对应的第二焊缝参数，通过将实际焊缝参数与第二焊缝参数进行比对，来对热源模型参数进行调试。具体地，焊缝参数可包括熔宽尺寸、熔深尺寸、焊缝形状等，在调试时，通过比对、调试，以使第二焊缝参数满足实际焊缝参数，即可确定热源模型参数值，并按照该热源模型参数值对工件进行模拟。
在本实施例中，该预设范围包括第一预设范围，S300包括：
S301，当熔深尺寸在第一预设范围内时，确定该熔深尺寸对应的入射角度为实际激光入射角度。
其中，焊缝参数包括熔宽尺寸、熔深尺寸、焊缝形状等其它参数值。在本实施例中，选用熔深尺寸作为确定实际激光入射角度的判断依据，熔深尺寸会影响工件焊接效率、背面焊缝痕迹的明显程度以及焊缝的连续性。通过熔深尺寸判断实际激光入射角度，能够改善搭接试板背面的焊接痕迹，并有利于减小上下板间隙或焊接变形导致的熔深不稳定现象，提高较长试板激光搭接焊的焊接效率，进而能够提高工件整体焊接质量，提高工件焊接强度，延长工件的使用寿命。具体的，第一预设范围会根据工件的材料、工件厚度、长度值而发生变化，熔深尺寸在满足工件的焊缝连接强度的前提下，越小越好即可。
在进行模拟焊接时，该预设范围包括第一预设范围和第二预设范围，当熔深尺寸在第一预设范围内具有多个入射角度时，该S300还包括：
S302，根据第一预设范围，确定符合第一预设范围内的多个入射角度；
S303，根据符合第一预设范围内的多个入射角度，获取符合第一预设范围内的多个入射角度对应的熔宽尺寸；
S304，当符合第一预设范围内的多个入射角度对应的熔宽尺寸符合第二预设范围时，确定该熔宽尺寸对应的入射角度为实际激光入射角度。
在本实施例中，第一预设范围用于确定熔深尺寸，第二预设范围用于确定熔宽尺寸。当符合第一预设范围的熔深尺寸具有多个时，对应的入射角度也存在有多个，此时，可以在符合第一预设范围后，通过第二预设范围确定熔宽尺寸，通过熔宽尺寸来确定工件的实际激光入射角度。其中，在本实施例中，熔宽尺寸为两个工件搭接面处的熔宽尺寸。
具体的，在工件进行不同入射角度的焊接模拟后，先根据第一预设范围，选出符合第一预设范围的熔深尺寸，确定对应该熔深尺寸的入射角度，若此时有多个入射角度满足条件，则根据上述多个入射角度对应的熔宽尺寸与第二预设范围进行比较，最终根据符合第二预设范围的熔宽尺寸对应的入射角度确定实际激光入射角度。在本实施例中，增加熔宽尺寸作为判断依据，是由于熔宽尺寸决定了工件的焊接强度。因此通过熔宽尺寸判断实际激光入射角度，能够提高工件焊接的焊接强度。具体的，在满足第一预设范围后，在选取熔宽尺寸时，一般熔宽尺寸越大越好。因此，可以比较满足第一预设范围后的熔宽尺寸，将最大熔宽尺寸对应的入射角度作为工件的实际激光入射角度。
在本实施例中，在执行S300之后，该工艺方法还包括：
S400，根据实际激光入射角度对工件进行实际焊接。
通过本发明提供的实施例，在对工件进行实际焊接加工之前，先通过模拟技术，确定工件的实际激光入射角度，并通过该实际激光入射角度对工件进行焊接。该方法与现有技术中利用垂直入射角对工件进行焊接相比，通过改变激光入射角度能够有利于保护气体趋散高功率焊接产生的等离子云，提高焊件表面的功率密度。通过本实施例提供的工艺方法，能够扩大熔宽尺寸、减小熔深尺寸。进而能够提高焊接强度，改善焊接工件背面的焊接痕迹，并有 利于减小上下板间隙或焊接变形导致的熔深不稳定现象，提高较长试板激光搭接焊的焊接效率。
为了便于理解本发明，本发明提供以下实施例进行说明：
实施例一
图2示出了工件焊接的结构示意图，其中，a示出了焊缝的熔深尺寸，b示出了焊缝的熔宽尺寸。
在本实施例中，工件根据预设入射角进行实际焊接，并获取工件的实际焊缝参数。在对工件进行模拟时，先通过预设入射角对工件进行模拟焊接，并获取与预设入射角对应的第二焊缝参数。通过实际焊缝参数与第二焊缝参数进行比较，具体的，可比较二者的熔深尺寸、熔宽尺寸、焊缝形状等，使第二焊缝参数接近或与实际焊缝参数相同，即可确定焊缝模拟时的热源模型参数。
在本实施例中，以2KW的激光功率、2.8m/min的焊接速度对工件进行模拟。通过该热源模型参数对工件进行不同入射角度的焊接模拟，并获取与不同入射角度对应的第一焊缝参数。
具体的，在本实施例中，两个工件的板厚分别为0.8mm和2mm，并分别在入射角度为0°和25°的条件下进行焊接模拟。模拟得出，0°入射角度对应的熔宽尺寸为1018μm，熔深尺寸为400μm；25°入射角度对应的熔宽尺寸为1028μm，熔深尺寸为364μm。通过模拟发现，25°入射角度下的熔宽尺寸和熔深尺寸达到要求，因此，在对工件进行焊接时，以25°入射角度作为实际激光焊接角度。
工件在实际焊接时，0°入射角度对应的熔宽尺寸为1025μm，熔深尺寸为427μm；25°入射角度对应的熔宽尺寸为1200μm，熔深尺寸为240μm。通过上述数据对比发现，模拟时得到的激光入射角度在实际操作中其熔宽尺寸和熔深尺寸相比其它角度的数据也更符合要求，通过上述数据也证明了模拟时数据的可靠性。
实施例二
在本实施例中，工件根据预设入射角进行实际焊接，并获取工件的实际焊缝参数。在对工件进行模拟时，先通过预设入射角对工件进行模拟焊接，并获取与预设入射角对应的第二焊缝参数。通过实际焊缝参数与第二焊缝参数进行比较，具体的，可比较二者的熔深尺寸、熔宽尺寸、焊缝形状等，使第二焊缝参数接近或与实际焊缝参数相同，即可确定焊缝模拟时的热源模型参数。
在本实施例中，以3.5kW激光功率、3.7m/min的焊接速度对工件进行模拟。通过该热源模型参数对工件进行不同入射角度的焊接模拟，并获取与不同入射角度对应的第一焊缝参数。
具体的，在本实施例中，两个工件的板厚分别为2mm和2mm，并分别在入射角度为0°和25°的条件下进行焊接模拟。模拟得出，0°入射角度对应的熔宽尺寸为1048μm，熔深尺寸为666μm；25°入射角度对应的熔宽尺寸为1108μm，熔深尺寸为333μm。通过模拟发 现，25°入射角度下的熔宽尺寸和熔深尺寸达到要求，因此，在对工件进行焊接时，以25°入射角度作为实际激光焊接角度。
工件在实际焊接时，0°入射角度对应的熔宽尺寸为997μm，熔深尺寸为636μm；25°入射角度对应的熔宽尺寸为1111μm，熔深尺寸为303μm。通过上述数据对比发现，模拟时得到的激光入射角度在实际操作中其熔宽尺寸和熔深尺寸相比其它角度的数据也更符合要求，通过上述数据也证明了模拟时数据的可靠性。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种提高激光搭接焊的焊缝质量的工艺方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    S100，对工件进行激光焊接模拟并确定所述激光焊接模拟的热源模型参数；
    S200，根据所述热源模型参数对工件进行不同入射角度的焊接模拟，获取不同所述入射角度对应的第一焊缝参数；
    S300，当所述第一焊缝参数在预设范围内时，确定该第一焊缝参数对应的入射角度为实际激光入射角度。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的提高激光搭接焊的焊缝质量的工艺方法，其特征在于，所述S100包括：
    S101，所述工件根据预设入射角进行实际焊接，获取所述工件的实际焊缝参数；
    S103，根据所述工件的实际焊缝参数调节所述激光焊接模拟的热源模型参数。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的提高激光搭接焊的焊缝质量的工艺方法，其特征在于，在执行所述S103之前，所述S100还包括：
    S102，根据所述预设入射角对所述工件进行焊接模拟，获取与所述预设入射角对应的第二焊缝参数；
    其中，在执行所述S102之后，所述S103包括，根据所述工件的实际焊缝参数以及所述第二焊缝参数调节所述激光焊接模拟的热源模型参数。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的提高激光搭接焊的焊缝质量的工艺方法，其特征在于，所述第一焊缝参数包括焊缝的熔深尺寸和焊缝的熔宽尺寸。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的提高激光搭接焊的焊缝质量的工艺方法，其特征在于，所述预设范围包括第一预设范围，所述S300包括：
    S301，当所述熔深尺寸在所述第一预设范围内时，确定该熔深尺寸对应的入射角度为实际激光入射角度。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的提高激光搭接焊的焊缝质量的工艺方法，其特征在于，所述预设范围包括第一预设范围和第二预设范围，当所述熔深尺寸在所述第一预设范围内具有多个入射角度时，所述S300还包括：
    S302，根据所述第一预设范围，确定符合所述第一预设范围内的多个所述入射角度；
    S303，根据符合所述第一预设范围内的多个所述入射角度，获取符合所述第一预设范围内的多个所述入射角度对应的熔宽尺寸；
    S304，当符合所述第一预设范围内的多个所述入射角度对应的熔宽尺寸符合所述第二预设范围时，确定该熔宽尺寸对应的入射角度为实际激光入射角度。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的提高激光搭接焊的焊缝质量的工艺方法，其特征在于，所述热源模型参数值包括热源功率、焊接速度以及热源半径。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的提高激光搭接焊的焊缝质量的工艺方法，其特征在于，在执行所述S300之后，所述工艺方法还包括：
    S400，根据所述实际激光入射角度对工件进行实际焊接。
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