WO2018090364A1 - 一种船用高压电缆耐火试验装置及耐火试验方法 - Google Patents

一种船用高压电缆耐火试验装置及耐火试验方法 Download PDF

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WO2018090364A1
WO2018090364A1 PCT/CN2016/106571 CN2016106571W WO2018090364A1 WO 2018090364 A1 WO2018090364 A1 WO 2018090364A1 CN 2016106571 W CN2016106571 W CN 2016106571W WO 2018090364 A1 WO2018090364 A1 WO 2018090364A1
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test
voltage
sample
fire
transformer
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French (fr)
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潘磊
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潘磊
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N31/00—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
    • G01N31/12—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using combustion

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  • the invention relates to a ship high-voltage cable fire test device, and to a ship high-voltage cable fire test method, which can determine the fire resistance performance of a marine high-voltage cable.
  • the primary object of the present invention is to overcome the problems in the prior art and to provide a marine high-voltage cable fire test device capable of safely and reliably testing the fire resistance of a marine high-voltage cable.
  • a marine high-voltage cable fire-resistant test device comprises a rectangular test box, a fire source, a sample support device, a test transformer and a power protection circuit breaker; the internal volume of the rectangular test box is not less than 20 m 3 , the width is not less than 5m, the depth is not less than 2m, the height is not less than 2m, and the surrounding edge is sealed.
  • the bottom of the front wall of the test box is 200mm away from the ground, leaving a hole with an area of 70 ⁇ 10cm 2 for the test box and
  • the outside air is circulated, and the temperature adjustment device is arranged in the test box to keep the temperature inside the box between 10 ° C and 40 ° C;
  • the fire source is a propane gas blower with a venturi mixer, and the propane gas blower is set
  • the front end surface length and width of the rectangular nozzles are 500mm and 15mm respectively.
  • the diameters of the nozzle holes are 1.32mm respectively, and the adjacent nozzle holes are arranged in an equilateral triangle.
  • the center distance between adjacent nozzle holes is 3.2 mm; there is a row of small holes on each side of the nozzle as a guide hole to maintain the combustion of the flame; the fire source is equipped with a mass flow meter for controlling the flow rate of gas and air into the burner.
  • the sample supporting device is composed of a base, a bracket, a clamp and a plurality of metal rings, and the metal ring is made of a round steel bar having a diameter of (10 ⁇ 2) mm and an inner diameter of 200 mm. Adjacent metal rings are separated by (500 ⁇ 50) mm.
  • the test transformer includes a leakage current detecting device for monitoring a leakage current during a test, wherein the test transformer applies a power frequency voltage to the sample during the test, and the voltage waveform and capacitance thereof are Both the deviation and the test voltage are measured in accordance with the requirements of Article 4 of the GB/T 3048.8-2007 standard.
  • Another object of the present invention is to overcome the problems in the prior art and to provide a fire test method for a marine high-voltage cable, which can safely and reliably test the fire resistance of a marine high-voltage cable.
  • the present invention adopts a ship high-voltage cable fire-resistance test device for performing a fire-resistance test, which comprises the following steps in sequence: (1) preparing a sample: taking a finished cable having a length of 5000 mm and stripping the sheath at both ends, At each end of the cable, the insulated semi-conductive shield and metal shield of the core are stripped (100 ⁇ 20) mm, and each conductor is processed for electrical connection, and the exposed conductor is separated to ensure a safe electrical clearance when applying the test voltage; (2) Fixed specimen: The specimen is mounted on the specimen holder, and the sheath of the specimen is horizontally supported by a metal ring; one end of the specimen is clamped by a clamp to prevent movement, and the other end is supported only by the bracket.
  • each phase conductor should be connected to the output of the transformer through a power protection circuit breaker.
  • each insulated core is connected to the ground of the test transformer, and all conductors at the other end of the sample away from the transformer. All suspended; (5) Ignition: Ignite the burner, adjust the propane and air flow to the value obtained in the verification step, turn on the power switch, adjust the voltage to the rated voltage of the cable, that is, the test voltage between the conductor and the shield is equal to the cable. Design the rated voltage U0 between each conductor to ground or metal shield, and continue to supply power and fire for 90 minutes at this voltage or according to the customer's request time; (6) flame out and continue to power for 15 minutes: according to After the specified fire time is continued, the flame is extinguished, and the sample is continuously supplied with the rated voltage U0 for 15 minutes.
  • the total test time should be the fire time plus 15 minutes of cooling time; (7) resistance within 1 hour after the end of power supply Voltage detection: The integrity of the sample is checked within 1 h after the end of energization, and a 3.5 U0 test is applied to the sample while maintaining the original state of the test. The voltage is continuously tested for 15 minutes to test whether the sample breaks down. (8) Performance evaluation: According to the above test procedure, the sample meets the following requirements during the test: it is qualified: the sample does not break down during the entire continuous power supply U0; The withstand voltage detection within 1 h after the end does not break down.
  • the dew point of the air should not be higher than 0 ° C.
  • the test uses the following flow rate: air is (80 ⁇ 5) L / min; propane is (5 ⁇ 0.25) ) L / min.
  • FIG. 2 is a view showing a bracket, a torch, and a test arrangement of the test apparatus of the present invention.
  • the marine high-voltage cable fire-resisting test device of the invention comprises a rectangular test box, a fire source, a sample support device, a test transformer and a power protection circuit breaker; the internal volume of the rectangular test box is not less than 20 m 3 and the width is not less than 5 m. The depth is not less than 2m, the height is not less than 2m, and the surrounding edge is sealed. The bottom of the front wall of the test box is 200mm away from the ground with a hole of 70 ⁇ 10cm 2 , which is used for the circulation of the test box and the flying outside air.
  • the temperature adjusting device is arranged to maintain the temperature in the box between 10 ° C and 40 ° C;
  • the fire source is a propane gas torch with a venturi mixer, and the propane gas torch has a rectangular nozzle and a rectangular nozzle.
  • the front end face length and width are 500mm and 15mm respectively, and three rows of nozzle holes are distributed in the full length direction of the front end surface of the nozzle.
  • each nozzle hole is 1.32 mm
  • the adjacent nozzle holes are arranged in an equilateral triangle and the center distance between adjacent nozzle holes is 3.2 mm; there is a row of small holes on each side of the nozzle as a guide hole.
  • the combustion of the flame is maintained; the source of ignition is equipped with a mass flow meter for controlling the rate at which gas and air flow into the burner.
  • the sample supporting device is composed of a base, a bracket, a clamp 1 and a plurality of metal rings, and the metal ring is made of a round steel bar having a diameter of (10 ⁇ 2) mm and an inner diameter of 200 mm.
  • the adjacent metal rings are separated by (500 ⁇ 50) mm.
  • the test transformer includes a leakage current detecting device for monitoring a leakage current during a test
  • the test transformer is a voltage waveform and a tolerance for applying a power frequency voltage to the sample during the test.
  • the test voltage measurement meets the requirements of Article 4 of GB/T 3048.8-2007 standard.
  • Another object of the present invention is to overcome the problems in the prior art and to provide a fire test method for a marine high-voltage cable, which can safely and reliably test the fire resistance of a marine high-voltage cable.
  • the present invention adopts a marine high-voltage cable fire-resistance test device for a fire-resistance test, which in turn includes the following steps:
  • Adjusting the burner adjust the position of the burner relative to the sample so that it is placed horizontally so that the nozzle is at least 200 mm from the bottom of the box and at least 300 mm from any box wall; as shown in Figure 2, the horizontal distance of the nozzle from the sample 2 is (45 ⁇ 5) mm, the vertical distance of the center of the torch from the lower edge of the sample is (70 ⁇ 10) mm;
  • each phase conductor should be connected to the output end of the transformer through the power protection circuit breaker.
  • the metal shield of each insulated core is connected to the ground of the test transformer. All conductors on the other end of the sample are all suspended;
  • Ignition and energization ignite the torch, adjust the propane and air flow to the value obtained in the verification step, turn on the power switch, adjust the voltage to the rated voltage of the cable, that is, the test voltage between the conductor and the shield is equal to the cable design.
  • Tolerance voltage detection within 1 hour after the end of energization The integrity of the sample is checked within 1 h after the end of energization. When the original state of the test is maintained, a test voltage of 3.5 U0 is applied to the sample for 15 min. Whether a breakdown occurs;
  • the dew point of air should not be higher than 0 ° C. Under the conditions of 1 bar and 20 ° C, the following flow rates were used for this test: air was (80 ⁇ 5) L / min; propane was (5 ⁇ 0.25) L / min.

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Abstract

一种船用高压电缆耐火试验装置和试验方法，耐火试验装置包括矩形试验箱、火源、试样支撑装置、试验变压器和电源保护断路器；矩形试验箱的内部体积不小于20m 3，宽不少于5m，深不少于2m，高不少于2m，且四周边缘密封，试验箱前壁底部距地面200mm处留有面积为70±10cm 2的圆孔，试验箱内设有温度调节装置，使箱内温度保持在10℃～40℃之间；火源为带有文丘里混合器的丙烷气喷灯，丙烷气喷灯设有矩形喷头，矩形喷头的前端面长和宽分别为500mm和15mm，喷头前端面的全长度方向分布有三排喷孔，各喷孔的直径分别为1.32mm，相邻喷孔呈正三角形排列且相邻喷孔之间的中心距为3.2mm；在喷嘴的每一边有一排小孔作为引导孔来维持火焰的燃烧。船用高压电缆耐火试验装置及方法安全可靠。

Description

一种船用高压电缆耐火试验装置及耐火试验方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种船用高压电缆耐火试验装置，还涉及一种船用高压电缆耐火试验方法，可以对船用高压电缆的耐火性能进行判定。
背景技术
随着大功率电气装备在船舶和海工领域的大量运用，根据功率、电压和电流的关系，需要采用更大规格的电缆与之配套，或者提高系统电压，采用高压电缆。通过采用更大规格电缆的做法会大大增加船舶整体的重量，不利于船舶轻型化提高有效负载的要求，为此更多的采用了高压电缆。由于船舶与海工装备的特殊作业环境，耐火高压电缆也应运而生。目前整个行业中尚没有可以指导船用高压电缆耐火试验方法，各厂家一般参照低压电缆的耐火试验方法进行。由于高压电缆与低压电缆的结构、性能和使用要求均不相同，参照低压电缆方法进行试验无法验证高压电缆的耐火性能，并且试验过程中存在安全隐患。
发明内容
本发明的首要目的在于，克服现有技术中存在的问题，提供一种船用高压电缆耐火试验装置，可以安全可靠地测试出船用高压电缆的耐火性能。
为解决以上技术问题，本发明的一种船用高压电缆耐火试验装置，包括矩形试验箱、火源、试样支撑装置、试验变压器和电源保护断路器；矩形试验箱的内部体积不小于20m3的，宽不少于5m，深不少于2m，高不少于2m，且四周边缘密封，试验箱前壁底部距地面200mm处留有面积为70±10cm2的圆孔，用于试验箱与飞外界空气流通，试验箱内设有温度调节装置，使箱内温度保持在10℃～40℃之间；所述火源为带有文丘里混合器的丙烷气喷灯，所述丙烷气喷灯设有矩形喷头，矩形喷头的前端面长和宽分别为500mm和15mm，喷头前端面的全长度方向分布有三排喷孔，各喷孔的直径分别为1.32mm，相邻喷孔呈正三角形排列且相邻喷孔之间的中心距为3.2mm；在喷嘴的每一边有一排小孔作为引导孔来维持火焰的燃烧；所述火源配有质量流量计用以控制燃气和空气流入喷灯的速率。
作为本发明的优选方案，所述的试样支撑装置由底座、支架、夹钳和若干金属环构成，所述金属环用直径为(10±2)mm的圆钢棒制造，内径为200mm，相邻金属环相距(500±50)mm。
作为本发明的优选方案，所述试验变压器包含有用以监视试验过程中的泄漏电流的泄漏电流检测装置，所述试验变压器为在试验过程中给试样施加工频电压，其电压波形、容 许偏差及试验电压的测量均满足GB/T 3048.8-2007标准第4条的要求。
本发明的另一个目的在于，克服现有技术中存在的问题，提供一种船用高压电缆耐火试验方法，可以安全可靠地测试出船用高压电缆的耐火性能。
为解决以上技术问题，本发明采用船用高压电缆耐火试验装置进行耐火试验的方法，依次包括如下步骤：(1)制备试样：取长度为5000mm的成品电缆并把两端的护套剥除，在电缆的每一端，将线芯的绝缘半导电屏蔽和金属屏蔽剥除(100±20)mm，并处理每根导体以便进行电气连接，分开露出的导体以确保施加试验电压时的安全电气间隙；(2)固定试样：把试样安装在试样支架上，试样的护套通过金属环呈水平支撑；试样的一端通过夹钳固定夹住以防移动，另一端则仅由支架支撑不固定以允许试样由于热膨胀作纵向移动；金属环和支撑装置的其他金属部分应良好接地；(3)调节喷灯：相对试样调节喷灯位置，使之成水平放置，使喷嘴距箱底至少200mm，并且距任一箱壁至少300mm，喷嘴距试样的水平距离为(45±5)mm，喷灯中心距试样下边缘垂直距离为(70±10)mm；(4)连接电路：在靠近变压器的试样一端，每相导体应与变压器输出端通过电源保护断路器连接，每根绝缘线芯的金属屏蔽与试验变压器接地端相连接，在远离变压器的试样另一端所有导体全部悬空；(5)点火通电：点燃喷灯，把丙烷和空气流量调节到验证步骤中得到的数值，打开电源开关，把电压调节到电缆的额定电压，即导体和屏蔽之间的试验电压等于电缆设计用的每一导体对地或金属屏蔽之间的额定电压U0，并在此电压下持续供电和供火90分钟或按照客户要求的时间；(6)熄火并持续持续通电15分钟：按照给定的供火时间持续进行后熄灭火焰，对试样继续施以额定电压U0供电15min，总的试验时间应为供火时间加上15min的冷却时间；(7)通电结束后1小时内进行耐电压检测：通电结束后1h内对试样的完整性进行检验，在保持试验原始状态的情况下，给试样施加3.5U0的试验电压持续15min检验试样是否发生击穿；(8)性能评价：按照上述试验步骤，试样在试验过程中满足如下要求则为合格：试样在整个持续供电U0的时间内不击穿；试验结束后1h内的耐电压检测不击穿。
作为本发明的优选方案，空气的露点不应高于0℃，在1bar和20℃的基准条件下，本试验使用如下流量：空气为(80±5)L/min；丙烷为(5±0.25)L/min。
附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明，附图仅提供参考与说明用，非用以限制本发明。
图1为本发明试验装置的喷嘴剖面图。
图2为本发明试验装置的支架、喷灯及试验布置图。
具体实施方式
本发明的一种船用高压电缆耐火试验装置包括矩形试验箱、火源、试样支撑装置、试验变压器和电源保护断路器；矩形试验箱的内部体积不小于20m3的，宽不少于5m，深不少于2m，高不少于2m，且四周边缘密封，试验箱前壁底部距地面200mm处留有面积为70±10cm2的圆孔，用于试验箱与飞外界空气流通，试验箱内设有温度调节装置，使箱内温度保持在10℃～40℃之间；所述火源为带有文丘里混合器的丙烷气喷灯，所述丙烷气喷灯设有矩形喷头，矩形喷头的前端面长和宽分别为500mm和15mm，喷头前端面的全长度方向分布有三排喷孔。
如图1所示，各喷孔的直径分别为1.32mm，相邻喷孔呈正三角形排列且相邻喷孔之间的中心距为3.2mm；在喷嘴的每一边有一排小孔作为引导孔来维持火焰的燃烧；所述火源配有质量流量计用以控制燃气和空气流入喷灯的速率。
作为本发明的优选方案，所述的试样支撑装置由底座、支架、夹钳1和若干金属环构成，所述金属环用直径为(10±2)mm的圆钢棒制造，内径为200mm，相邻金属环相距(500±50)mm。
作为本发明的优选方案，所述试验变压器包含有用以监视试验过程中的泄漏电流的泄漏电流检测装置，所述试验变压器为在试验过程中给试样施加工频电压，其电压波形、容许偏差及试验电压的测量均满足GB/T 3048.8-2007标准第4条的要求。
本发明的另一个目的在于，克服现有技术中存在的问题，提供一种船用高压电缆耐火试验方法，可以安全可靠地测试出船用高压电缆的耐火性能。
为解决以上技术问题，本发明采用船用高压电缆耐火试验装置进行耐火试验的方法，依次包括如下步骤：
(1)制备试样：取长度为5000mm的成品电缆并把两端的护套剥除，在电缆的每一端，将线芯的绝缘半导电屏蔽和金属屏蔽剥除(100±20)mm，并处理每根导体以便进行电气连接，分开露出的导体以确保施加试验电压时的安全电气间隙；
(2)定试样：如图2所示，把试样2安装在试样支架上，试样的护套通过金属环呈水平支撑；试样的一端通过夹钳1固定夹住以防移动，另一端则仅由支架支撑不固定以允许试样由于热膨胀作纵向移动；金属环和支撑装置的其他金属部分应良好接地；
(3)调节喷灯：相对试样调节喷灯位置，使之成水平放置，使喷嘴距箱底至少200mm，并且距任一箱壁至少300mm；如图2所示，喷嘴距试样2的水平距离为(45±5)mm，喷灯中心距试样下边缘垂直距离为(70±10)mm；
(4)连接电路：在靠近变压器的试样一端，每相导体应与变压器输出端通过电源保护断路器连接，每根绝缘线芯的金属屏蔽与试验变压器接地端相连接，在远离变压器的试样另一端所有导体全部悬空；
(5)点火通电：点燃喷灯，把丙烷和空气流量调节到验证步骤中得到的数值，打开电源开关，把电压调节到电缆的额定电压，即导体和屏蔽之间的试验电压等于电缆设计用的每一导体对地或金属屏蔽之间的额定电压U0，并在此电压下持续供电和供火90分钟或按照客户要求的时间；
(6)火并持续持续通电15分钟：按照给定的供火时间持续进行后熄灭火焰，对试样继续施以额定电压U0供电15min，总的试验时间应为供火时间加上15min的冷却时间；
(7)通电结束后1小时内进行耐电压检测：通电结束后1h内对试样的完整性进行检验，在保持试验原始状态的情况下，给试样施加3.5U0的试验电压持续15min检验试样是否发生击穿；
(8)性能评价：按照上述试验步骤，试样在试验过程中满足如下要求则为合格：试样在整个持续供电U0的时间内不击穿；试验结束后1h内的耐电压检测不击穿。
空气的露点不应高于0℃，在1bar和20℃的基准条件下，本试验使用如下流量：空气为(80±5)L/min；丙烷为(5±0.25)L/min。

Claims (5)

  1. 一种船用高压电缆耐火试验装置，其特征在于，所述耐火试验装置包括矩形试验箱、火源、试样支撑装置、试验变压器和电源保护断路器；矩形试验箱的内部体积不小于20m3的，宽不少于5m，深不少于2m，高不少于2m，且四周边缘密封，试验箱前壁底部距地面200mm处留有面积为70±10cm2的圆孔，用于试验箱与飞外界空气流通，试验箱内设有温度调节装置，使箱内温度保持在10℃～40℃之间；所述火源为带有文丘里混合器的丙烷气喷灯，所述丙烷气喷灯设有矩形喷头，矩形喷头的前端面长和宽分别为500mm和15mm，喷头前端面的全长度方向分布有三排喷孔，各喷孔的直径分别为1.32mm，相邻喷孔呈正三角形排列且相邻喷孔之间的中心距为3.2mm；在喷嘴的每一边有一排小孔作为引导孔来维持火焰的燃烧；所述火源配有质量流量计用以控制燃气和空气流入喷灯的速率。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的船用高压电缆耐火试验装置，其特征在于，所述的试样支撑装置由底座、支架、夹钳和若干金属环构成，所述金属环用直径为(10±2)mm的圆钢棒制造，内径为200mm，相邻金属环相距(500±50)mm。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的船用高压电缆耐火试验装置，其特征在于，所述试验变压器包含有用以监视试验过程中的泄漏电流的泄漏电流检测装置，所述试验变压器为在试验过程中给试样施加工频电压，其电压波形、容许偏差及试验电压的测量均满足GB/T3048.8-2007标准第4条的要求。
  4. 一种采用权利要求3所述船用高压电缆耐火试验装置进行耐火试验的方法，其特征在于，依次包括如下步骤：(1)制备试样：取长度为5000mm的成品电缆并把两端的护套剥除，在电缆的每一端，将线芯的绝缘半导电屏蔽和金属屏蔽剥除(100±20)mm，并处理每根导体以便进行电气连接，分开露出的导体以确保施加试验电压时的安全电气间隙；(2)固定试样：把试样安装在试样支架上，试样的护套通过金属环呈水平支撑；试样的一端通过夹钳固定夹住以防移动，另一端则仅由支架支撑不固定以允许试样由于热膨胀作纵向移动；金属环和支撑装置的其他金属部分应良好接地；(3)调节喷灯：相对试样调节喷灯位置，使之成水平放置，使喷嘴距箱底至少200mm，并且距任一箱壁至少300mm，喷嘴距试样的水平距离为(45±5)mm，喷灯中心距试样下边缘垂直距离为(70±10)mm；(4)连接电路：在靠近变压器的试样一端，每相导体应与变压器输出端通过电源保护断路器连接，每根绝缘线芯的金属屏蔽与试验变压器接地端相连接，在远离变压器的试样另一端所有导体全部悬空；(5)点火通电：点燃喷灯，把丙烷和空气流量调节到验证步骤中得到的数值，打开电源开关，把电压调节到电缆的额定电压，即导体和屏蔽之间的试验电压等于电缆设计用的每一导体对地或金属屏蔽之间的额定电压U0，并在此电压下持续供电和供火90分钟或按照客户要求的时间；
    (6)熄火并持续持续通电15分钟：按照给定的供火时间持续进行后熄灭火焰，对试样继续施以额定电压U0供电15min，总的试验时间应为供火时间加上15min的冷却时间；(7)通电结束后1小时内进行耐电压检测：通电结束后1h内对试样的完整性进行检验，在保持试验原始状态的情况下，给试样施加3.5U0的试验电压持续15min检验试样是否发生击穿；(8)性能评价：按照上述试验步骤，试样在试验过程中满足如下要求则为合格：试样在整个持续供电U0的时间内不击穿；试验结束后1h内的耐电压检测不击穿。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的采用船用高压电缆耐火试验装置进行耐火试验的方法，其特征在于，空气的露点不应高于0℃，在1bar和20℃的基准条件下，本试验使用如下流量：空气为(80±5)L/min；丙烷为(5±0.25)L/min。
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