WO2018090348A1 - 一种邻井主动防碰的方法 - Google Patents

一种邻井主动防碰的方法 Download PDF

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WO2018090348A1
WO2018090348A1 PCT/CN2016/106490 CN2016106490W WO2018090348A1 WO 2018090348 A1 WO2018090348 A1 WO 2018090348A1 CN 2016106490 W CN2016106490 W CN 2016106490W WO 2018090348 A1 WO2018090348 A1 WO 2018090348A1
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drilling
well
adjacent
drilled
probe
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PCT/CN2016/106490
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English (en)
French (fr)
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吴平
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吴平
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E21B7/06—Deflecting the direction of boreholes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/09—Locating or determining the position of objects in boreholes or wells, e.g. the position of an extending arm; Identifying the free or blocked portions of pipes
    • E21B47/092—Locating or determining the position of objects in boreholes or wells, e.g. the position of an extending arm; Identifying the free or blocked portions of pipes by detecting magnetic anomalies

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  • the invention relates to a method for actively preventing collision of an adjacent well, and belongs to the technical field of underground resource drilling and mining engineering.
  • the adjacent well anti-collision technology or method disclosed in the prior art can be mainly divided into two categories: the first type is to measure the depth of the well, the inclination angle of the well and the azimuth angle of the well by the inclination measuring tool, and then the distance from the adjacent well Scanning and adjacent well separation system calculations are used to predict the probability of a collision between a positive and a well.
  • This method can not avoid the cumulative error generated by the well depth, the well angle and the azimuth angle of the wellbore to calculate the position parameters of the wellbore trajectory. Therefore, this method has certain guiding significance for the adjacent well anti-collision, but Dense cluster wells can no longer meet the actual needs of the site.
  • the second category is a method for predicting the distance from a positive drilling bit to an adjacent casing by detecting the vibration signal of the positive casing.
  • this method can realize real-time anti-collision warning, but because it detects the signal generated by the vibration of the bit in the well drilling in the positive drilling, the strength of the signal itself is very weak, and the drilling of the drilling rod and the vibration of the ground equipment are also Will interfere with the quality of this signal. Therefore, this method mainly plays a role in the prevention of collisions in adjacent wells in offshore shallow wells.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the problems existing in the prior art and provide a method for actively preventing collisions of adjacent wells, which can determine the relative spatial position of the adjacent wells to the adjacent wells, and provide a scientific basis for the anti-collision measures of the directional well engineering.
  • the method for actively preventing collision of the adjacent wells of the present invention comprises the following steps: step 1: acquiring the trajectory design information of the positive drilling well and the actual drilling trajectory information of the adjacent well drilling; step 2, to positive The wellhead position of the drilling is referenced to establish a positive drilling wellhead coordinate system, and obtain the wellhead coordinates of the adjacent drilled wells in the positive drilling wellhead coordinate system; step 3, according to the trajectory design information of the positive drilling well and the actual drilled well drilling The trajectory information is used to obtain the information of the well section that needs to be prevented from being hit by the adjacent drilling well; and in step 4, the measuring probe while drilling is slid into the positive direction with the drill bit being drilled.
  • the data detected by the measurement while drilling probe is acquired; step 5, according to the data detected by the measurement while drilling probe, the drilling while acquiring Measuring relative spatial position data between the probe tube and the adjacent drilled casing; and step 6, according to the relative spatial position data between the probe and the adjacent drilled casing and the measurement while drilling.
  • the relative spatial position data of the drill bit determines the relative spatial position of the positive drilling and the adjacent drilled well, and performs the corrective control of the next well trajectory.
  • the trajectory design information of the positive drilling in step 1 and the actual drilling trajectory information of the adjacent well drilling include: wellhead coordinates of the adjacent drilling and adjacent well drilling, drilling plane height, ground elevation and The well structure, as well as the well drilling design trajectory and the well depth, well angle and azimuth angle of the well drilled trajectory.
  • step 2 includes the following sub-steps: 2a, establishing a positive drilling wellhead coordinate system with the positive drilling wellhead position as a coordinate origin; 2b, according to the drilling and drilling rig surface height and ground altitude Obtaining how much or lower the plane height of the positive drilling rig is higher than the plane height of the drilled boring disc; 2c, determining whether the drilling trajectory measurement information of the drilling well is relative to the plane height of the drilling rig or relative to the ground elevation; 2d, according to Observing the wellhead coordinates of the drilled wellhead and the drilled wellhead in a vertical depth, a true north direction, and a true east direction; 2e, an adjacent drilled hole in the positive drilling wellhead coordinate system Add or subtract the vertical depth offset, the north-direction offset, and the east-east offset of the vertical depth, north coordinate N, and east coordinate E data of the real drilling trajectory; 2f, obtain the positive drilling wellhead coordinate system The wellhead coordinates of the adjacent drilled wells.
  • step 3 the nearest distance scanning of the adjacent well and the adjacent separation coefficient of the adjacent well are used to obtain the information of the well section that the front drilling and the adjacent drilling need to prevent collision.
  • step 3 includes the following sub-steps: 3a, according to the trajectory design information of the positive drilling and the actual drilling trajectory information of the adjacent well drilling, with the positive drilling as the reference well and the adjacent well as the comparative well , calculating the nearest distance scan of the adjacent well and calculating the separation coefficient of the adjacent well, obtaining a relationship diagram between the scan radius and the positive well depth and a relationship between the separation coefficient of the adjacent well and the depth of the well drilling; 3b, calculating and calculating according to the nearest distance of the adjacent well
  • the calculation result of the separation coefficient of the adjacent wells obtains the information of the well drilling with the separation coefficient of the adjacent wells less than or equal to 1 and the well section information that has been prevented from colliding, including the well depth, scanning radius and scanning angle of the well-preventing well section.
  • the measurement while drilling probe in step 4 has a non-magnetic metal casing closed at both ends, and the inner cavity of the non-magnetic metal casing is equipped with an inclination measuring sensor, a three-axis fluxgate sensor, and a microcontroller.
  • the center of the tilt sensor and the three-axis fluxgate sensor are separated by a distance D, and the three axes of the tilt sensor and the three axes of the three-axis fluxgate sensor are respectively parallel and in the same direction;
  • the micro control The module is used to collect the magnetic field, gravitational acceleration and temperature data of the output of the inclination measuring sensor and the three-axis fluxgate sensor, and encode and transmit the data;
  • the power module is an inclination measuring sensor, a three-axis fluxgate sensor and a microcontroller
  • the module provides 12V and 5V voltages.
  • step 4 includes the following sub-steps: 4a, placing the installed measurement while drilling probe into the position of the bottom drilling assembly in combination with the conventional MWD probe; 4b, the measurement while drilling with the drill bit Drilling in the positive drilling, stopping the drill bit when drilling into the anti-collision section, measuring the probe while drilling, and transmitting the detected data to the ground computer through the MWD data wireless transmission technology; detecting the probe while drilling
  • the data obtained include: the three-axis gravitational accelerations Gx, Gy and Gz generated by the local gravity field, the three-axis magnetic inductions B1x, B1y and B1z generated by adjacent well casings, and the three-axis magnetic induction B2x generated by the geomagnetic field, B2y and B2z.
  • the relative spatial position data between the measurement while drilling probe and the adjacent drilled casing in step 5 includes: measuring the radial distance from the probe to the adjacent drilled casing while drilling And the wellbore high side Hs and unit vector The angle between the Ahr.
  • the radial spacing r of the probe while measuring to the adjacent well casing is:
  • the initial value of the scan radius of the nearest drilling distance of the positive drilling and the adjacent drilling trajectory is r, and the above nonlinear equations are solved to obtain the radial direction of the drilling while measuring probe to the adjacent drilled casing.
  • the value of the spacing r where 1 is one-half the length of the adjacent drilled casing; D is the center-to-center distance between the inclination sensor and the three-axis fluxgate sensor; and Z is the center of the inclination sensor to the well
  • the distance between the center of the most adjacent casing is the projection length in the direction of the casing axis; B1z is the axial magnetic induction measured by the inclination sensor, and B2z is the axial magnetic induction measured by the three-axis fluxgate sensor; B1r is The radial magnetic induction measured by the inclinometer sensor, and B2r is the radial magnetic induction measured by the three-axis fluxgate sensor;
  • B1x is the X-direction magnetic induction intensity measured by the inclination measuring sensor
  • B1y is the Y-direction magnetic induction intensity measured by the inclination measuring sensor
  • B2x is the X-direction magnetic induction intensity measured by the three-axis fluxgate sensor
  • B2y is the three-axis fluxgate sensor The measured Y-direction magnetic induction.
  • Gx is the gravitational acceleration component measured by the X-axis of the inclination measuring sensor
  • Gy is the gravitational acceleration component measured by the Y-axis of the inclination measuring sensor
  • Bcx is the X-axis component of the remanence of the adjacent drilled casing
  • Bcy is adjacent The Y-axis component of the residual magnetization of the drilling casing
  • the magnitude of Bcx and Bcy is obtained by the data measured by the inclination measuring sensor combined with the data measured when the inclination measuring sensor is not interfered by the magnetic interference of the adjacent drilling casing.
  • the calculation formula is:
  • Bex and Bey are the components of the local geomagnetic field on the X-axis and Y-axis of the inclination measuring sensor respectively;
  • I is the inclination angle of the inclination measuring sensor;
  • A is the azimuth angle of the inclination measuring sensor, and
  • ⁇ is the rolling angle of the X axis of the inclination measuring sensor;
  • ⁇ is the local magnetic dip.
  • the present invention achieves the following beneficial effects: 1.
  • the present invention uses the measurement while drilling probe to collect magnetic field strength signals in the well, and synchronously and in real time. Transfer to the ground computer, combined with the nearest distance scan calculation results of the positive drilling and the drilled trajectory, analyze and calculate the final space position of the drill bit and the adjacent drilled well, and provide the directional well engineer to control the drill bit for the next drilling. Scientific basis to effectively reduce the risk of drilling through adjacent well casings.
  • the Drilling tube described in the present invention is modified by adding a high-precision three-axis fluxgate sensor to the conventional MWD probe, which is simple in structure, low in cost, and easy to operate. 4.
  • the invention avoids the generation of cumulative error in the calculation of the well trajectory inclination measurement, and can be widely used in various cluster wells and infill well drilling projects in the ocean and on land.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the working principle of the present invention in a cluster well.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the alignment of the internal inclination measuring sensor and the fluxgate sensor in the axial direction of the measurement probe of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a calculation model of the measurement while traveling to the adjacent drilling distance of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a calculation model of the relative position of the drilling while measuring probe and the adjacent drilled well according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the working principle of the present invention in a cluster well.
  • a positive drilling 1 In the positive drilling 1, the lowermost end of the drill pipe 5 is a drill bit 3, and a drilling probe 4 is mounted above the drill bit 3.
  • an adjacent well 2 In the vicinity of the positive well 1 , and a casing 7 is screwed from the top to the bottom in the adjacent well 2 , and the magnetic field of the remnant of the casing 7 is represented by a magnetic line 8 .
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the working principle of the present invention in a cluster well.
  • an inclination measuring sensor 41 and a three-axis fluxgate sensor 42 are installed in the measurement while drilling probe 4; the center of the inclination measuring sensor 41 and the three-axis fluxgate sensor 42 are separated by a distance D, and the inclination measuring sensor
  • the three axes of the three-axis and three-axis fluxgate sensors are parallel and in the same direction.
  • the method for actively preventing collision of an adjacent well in the present invention comprises the following steps in sequence:
  • Step 1 obtaining trajectory design information of the positive drilling and real drilling trajectory information of the adjacent wells
  • Step 2 establishing a positive drilling wellhead coordinate system with reference to the wellhead position of the positive drilling well, and obtaining the wellhead coordinates of the adjacent drilled wells in the positive drilling wellhead coordinate system;
  • Step 3 according to the trajectory design information of the positive drilling and the actual drilling trajectory information of the adjacent drilling well, obtaining the information of the well section that the front drilling and the adjacent drilling need to prevent collision;
  • Step 4 the measurement while traveling while drilling the drill pipe with the drill bit being drilled into the bottom of the positive drilling well, and acquiring the data detected by the measurement while drilling probe when the drill bit is drilled to the well segment requiring the collision prevention;
  • Step 5 Obtain relative spatial position data between the measurement while drilling probe and an adjacent drilled casing according to the data detected by the measurement while drilling probe;
  • Step 6 Determine, according to the relative spatial position data between the probe while drilling and the adjacent drilled casing, and the relative spatial position data of the probe while the drill while drilling, determine the positive drilling and the adjacent
  • the relative spatial position of the well is used to perform the corrective control of the next well trajectory.
  • the trajectory design information of the positive drilling and the actual drilling trajectory information of the adjacent wells in step 1 include: wellhead coordinates of the adjacent drilling and adjacent well drilling, drilling plane height, ground elevation and well structure, and positive drilling Design the trajectory and the well depth, well angle and azimuth angle of the well drilled trajectory.
  • Step 2 includes the following sub-steps:
  • step 3 the nearest distance scan of the adjacent well and the orientation separation coefficient of the adjacent well are used to obtain the information of the well section that needs to be prevented from being hit by the adjacent well and the adjacent well.
  • Step 3 includes the following sub-steps:
  • the positive drilling is used as the reference well
  • the adjacent drilling has been used as the comparison well
  • the nearest distance scanning calculation of the adjacent well is performed.
  • the measurement while drilling probe in step 4 has a non-magnetic metal casing closed at both ends, and the inner cavity of the non-magnetic metal casing is provided with an inclination measuring sensor, a three-axis fluxgate sensor, a microcontroller module and a power module;
  • the center of the inclination measuring sensor and the three-axis fluxgate sensor are separated by a distance D, and the three axes of the three-axis and three-axis fluxgate sensors of the inclination measuring sensor are respectively parallel and in the same direction;
  • the microcontroller module is used for collecting the inclination The magnetic field, gravitational acceleration, and temperature data output by the sensor and the three-axis fluxgate sensor encode and transmit data;
  • the power module provides 12V and 5V voltages for the inclinometer sensor, the three-axis fluxgate sensor, and the microcontroller module.
  • Step 4 includes the following substeps:
  • the coordinate of the inclination measuring sensor is (r, z)
  • the coordinates of the three-axis fluxgate sensor are (r, z+D), and the distance between the ends of the nesting center O in the well is 1 respectively.
  • the measurement while drilling probe is drilled with the drill bit in the positive drilling well, the drill bit stops when drilling into the collision prevention well section, the probe is operated while drilling, and the detected data transmission is transmitted through the MWD data wireless transmission technology.
  • the data measured by the measurement while drilling includes: the three-axis gravitational accelerations Gx, Gy and Gz generated by the local gravity field, and the three-axis magnetic inductions B1x, B1y and B1z generated by adjacent well casings, The three-axis magnetic inductions B2x, B2y, and B2z generated by the geomagnetic field.
  • the relative spatial position data between the measurement while drilling probe and the adjacent drilled casing in step 5 includes: measuring the radial distance r of the probe tube to the adjacent drilled casing while drilling and the high side of the drilled wellbore Hs and unit vector The angle between the Ahr.
  • the radial spacing r of the probe to the adjacent drilled casing while drilling is:
  • the initial value of the scan radius of the nearest drilling distance of the positive drilling and the adjacent drilling trajectory is r, and the above nonlinear equations are solved to obtain the radial direction of the drilling while measuring probe to the adjacent drilled casing.
  • the distance between the center of the most adjacent casing is the projection length in the direction of the casing axis; B1z is the axial magnetic induction measured by the inclination sensor, and B2z is the axial magnetic induction measured by the three-axis fluxgate sensor; B1r is The radial magnetic induction measured by the inclinometer sensor, and B2r is the radial magnetic induction measured by the three-axis fluxgate sensor.
  • B1x is the X-direction magnetic induction intensity measured by the inclination measuring sensor
  • B1y is the Y-direction magnetic induction intensity measured by the inclination measuring sensor
  • B2x is the X-direction magnetic induction intensity measured by the three-axis fluxgate sensor
  • B2y is the three-axis fluxgate sensor The measured Y-direction magnetic induction.
  • Gx is the gravitational acceleration component measured by the X-axis of the inclination measuring sensor
  • Gy is the gravitational acceleration component measured by the Y-axis of the inclination measuring sensor
  • Bcx is the X-axis component of the remanence of the adjacent drilled casing
  • Bcy is adjacent The Y-axis component of the residual magnetization of the drilling casing
  • the magnitude of Bcx and Bcy is obtained by the data measured by the inclination measuring sensor combined with the data measured when the inclination measuring sensor is not interfered by the magnetic interference of the adjacent drilling casing.
  • the calculation formula is:
  • Bex and Bey are the components of the local geomagnetic field on the X-axis and Y-axis of the inclination measuring sensor respectively;
  • I is the inclination angle of the inclination measuring sensor;
  • A is the azimuth angle of the inclination measuring sensor, and
  • ⁇ is the rolling angle of the X axis of the inclination measuring sensor;
  • ⁇ is the local magnetic dip.

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Abstract

一种邻井主动防碰的方法，包括如下步骤：获取正钻井（1）的轨迹设计信息和相邻已钻井（2）的实钻轨迹信息；以正钻井（1）的井口位置为参考建立正钻井井口坐标系，获取相邻已钻井（2）的井口坐标；获取正钻井（1）与相邻已钻井（2）需要防碰的井段信息；将随钻测量探管（4）随钻头下入到正钻井（1）的底部，钻至需要防碰的井段时，获取随钻测量探管（4）检测到的数据；进而获取随钻测量探管（4）与相邻已钻井套管之间的相对空间位置数据；根据探管（4）与相邻已钻井套管之间的相对位置数据和探管（4）与钻头（3）的相对位置数据，确定正钻井（1）与相邻已钻井（2）的相对空间位置，进行下一步井眼轨迹的纠偏控制。该方法能够确定正钻井（1）到邻井（2）的相对空间位置，为定向井工程进行防碰措施提供依据。

Description

一种邻井主动防碰的方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种邻井主动防碰的方法，属于地下资源钻采工程技术领域。
背景技术
随着各油田开发力度的逐步加大，老区剩余油、边际油藏开发成为增储上产的重要途径，使得各油田增加调整井、滚动开发井、丛式井，以及钻探各种特殊类型井逐步增多，井网变密，正钻井与已钻井之间的距离缩小，上下分层开采井增多，城区丛式井开发力度加大等，同时在老区高密度井缝隙中寻找薄油藏、难动用油藏，也成为油田增储上产的重要措施。近些年在钻丛式井或老区调整井的过程中，直井段、斜井段发生两井相碰的现象有所增加，报废进尺，重复施工现象时有发生，而一旦碰撞打穿已钻井就会造成数百万元的经济损失。
现有技术公开的邻井防碰技术或方法主要可以分为两类：第一类是通过测斜工具测得到单个井眼轨迹的井深、井斜角和井斜方位角，然后由邻井距离扫描和邻井分离系统计算来预测正钻井与已钻井可能发生碰撞的概率。这种方法不能避免由井眼轨迹的井深、井斜角和井斜方位角计算井眼轨迹位置参数过程中产生的累积误差，因此这种方法虽然对于邻井防碰有一定的指导意义，但是对于密集丛式井已不能满足现场实际的需求。
第二类是通过检测正钻井套管震动信号来预测正钻井钻头到邻井套管距离的方法。这种方法虽然可以实现实时防碰预警，但是由于检测的是正钻井中钻头震动激励邻井套管震动产生的信号，该信号本身的强度很弱，而且正钻井钻杆转动和地面设备的震动也将干扰该信号的质量。因此，这种方法主要对于海上浅井的邻井防碰有一定作用。
实用新型内容
本发明的目的在于，克服现有技术中存在的问题，提供一种邻井主动防碰的方法，能够确定正钻井到邻井的相对空间位置，为定向井工程进行防碰措施提供科学依据。
为解决以上技术问题，本发明的一种邻井主动防碰的方法，依次包括如下步骤：步骤1，获取正钻井的轨迹设计信息和相邻已钻井的实钻轨迹信息；步骤2，以正钻井的井口位置为参考建立正钻井井口坐标系，获取正钻井井口坐标系中所述相邻已钻井的井口坐标；步骤3，根据所述正钻井的轨迹设计信息和相邻已钻井的实钻轨迹信息，获取正钻井与相邻已钻井需要防碰的井段信息；步骤4，将随钻测量探管随正钻井的钻头下入到正 钻井的底部，当钻头钻至所述需要防碰的井段时，获取随钻测量探管检测到的数据；步骤5，根据所述随钻测量探管检测到的数据，获取所述随钻测量探管与相邻已钻井套管之间的相对空间位置数据；步骤6，根据所述随钻测量探管与相邻已钻井套管之间的相对空间位置数据和随钻测量探管与钻头的相对空间位置数据，确定所述正钻井与所述相邻已钻井的相对空间位置，进行下一步井眼轨迹的纠偏控制。
作为本发明的优选方案，步骤1中所述正钻井的轨迹设计信息和相邻已钻井的实钻轨迹信息包括：正钻井和相邻已钻井的井口坐标、钻盘平面高度、地面海拔度和井身结构，以及正钻井设计轨迹和相邻已钻井实钻轨迹的井深、井斜角和井斜方位角。
作为本发明的优选方案，步骤2包括如下子步骤：2a、以正钻井井口位置为坐标原点建立正钻井井口坐标系；2b、根据所述正钻井与已钻井的钻盘平面高度和地面海拔高度，获取正钻井钻盘平面高度比已钻井钻盘平面高度高多少或低多少；2c、确定正钻井井眼轨迹测量信息是相对于正钻井钻盘平面高度还是相对于地面海拔高度；2d、根据所述正钻井与已钻井的井口坐标，获取已钻井井口相对正钻井井口在垂直深度、正北方向和正东方向的偏移量；2e、在所述正钻井井口坐标系中的相邻已钻井实钻轨迹的垂直深度、北坐标N、东坐标E数据上加上或减去所述垂直深度偏移量、正北方向偏移量和正东方向偏移量；2f、获取正钻井井口坐标系中所述相邻已钻井的井口坐标。
作为本发明的优选方案，步骤3中利用邻井最近距离扫描和邻井定向分离系数计算，获取正钻井与相邻已钻井需要防碰的井段信息。
作为本发明的优选方案，步骤3包括如下子步骤：3a、根据所述正钻井的轨迹设计信息和相邻已钻井的实钻轨迹信息，以正钻井作为参考井，相邻已钻井作为比较井，进行邻井最近距离扫描计算和邻井分离系数计算，获得扫描半径与正钻井井深的关系图和邻井分离系数与正钻井井深的关系图；3b、根据所述邻井最近距离扫描计算和邻井分离系数计算结果，获得邻井分离系数小于等于1的正钻井的需要与已钻井防碰的井段信息，包括需要防碰井段的井深、扫描半径和扫描角。
作为本发明的优选方案，步骤4中所述随钻测量探管具有两端封闭的无磁金属外壳，无磁金属外壳的内腔安装有测斜传感器、三轴磁通门传感器、微控制器模块和电源模块；所述测斜传感器和三轴磁通门传感器的中心相距有距离D，测斜传感器的三轴与三轴磁通门传感器的三轴分别平行且同向；所述微控制器模块用于采集测斜传感器和三轴磁通门传感器输出的磁场、重力加速度以及温度数据，并对数据进行编码和发送；电源模块为测斜传感器、三轴磁通门传感器和微控制器模块提供12V及5V电压。
作为本发明的优选方案，步骤4包括如下子步骤：4a、将安装好的随钻测量探管放入到底部钻具组合传统MWD探管的位置；4b、所述随钻测量探管随钻头在正钻井中钻进，钻进至防碰井段时钻头停止，随钻测量探管工作，并通过MWD数据无线传输技术，将检测到的数据传输到地面计算机中；随钻测量探管检测到的数据包括：当地重力场产生的三轴重力加速度Gx、Gy和Gz，由相邻已钻井套管产生的三轴磁感应强度B1x、B1y和B1z，由地磁场产生的三轴磁感应强度B2x、B2y和B2z。
作为本发明的优选方案，步骤5中所述随钻测量探管与相邻已钻井套管之间的相对空间位置数据包括：随钻测量探管到相邻已钻井套管的径向间距r和已钻井井眼高边Hs与单位矢量
Figure PCTCN2016106490-appb-000001
之间的夹角Ahr。
作为本发明的优选方案，随钻测量探管到相邻已钻井套管的径向间距r为：
Figure PCTCN2016106490-appb-000002
以正钻井与相邻已钻井轨迹最近距离扫描计算结果的扫描半径为r的初始值，解上面的非线性方程组，求得所述随钻测量探管到相邻已钻井套管的径向间距r的值；其中，1为相邻已钻井套管长度的二分之一；D为测斜传感器与三轴磁通门传感器之间的中心距；Z为测斜传感器中心到已钻井中最相邻套管中心的距离在该套管轴线方向上的投影长度；B1z为测斜传感器测得的轴向磁感应强度，B2z为三轴磁通门传感器测得的轴向磁感应强度；B1r为测斜传感器测得的径向磁感应强度，B2r为三轴磁通门传感器测得的径向磁感应强度；其中
Figure PCTCN2016106490-appb-000003
B1x为测斜传感器测得的X向磁感应强度，B1y为测斜传感器测得的Y向磁感应强度；B2x为三轴磁通门传感器测得的X向磁感应强度，B2y为三轴磁通门传感器测得的Y向磁感应强度。
作为本发明的优选方案，所述已钻井井眼高边Hs与单位矢量
Figure PCTCN2016106490-appb-000004
之间的夹角Ahr为：Ahr＝Ahx+Axr，其中，
Figure PCTCN2016106490-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2016106490-appb-000006
Gx为测斜传感器的X轴测得的重力加速度分量，Gy为测斜传感器的Y轴测得的重力加速度分量；Bcx为相邻已钻井套管剩磁的X轴分量，Bcy为相邻已钻井套管剩磁的Y轴分量；Bcx和Bcy的大小由测斜传感器测得的数据结合测斜传感器未受相邻已钻井套管磁干扰时测得的数据获得，计算公式为：
Bcx＝B1x-Bex    (9)
Bcy＝B1y-Bey    (10)
Bex＝Be(cosΘsin A cosα+cosΘcos A cos I sinα-sinΘsin I sinα)    (8)
Bey＝He(cosΘcos A cos I cosα+sinΘsin I cosα-cosΘsin A sinα)    (9)
Bex和Bey分别为当地地磁场在测斜传感器X轴和Y轴上的分量；I为测斜传感器的倾角；A为测斜传感器的方位角，α为测斜传感器X轴的横滚角；Θ为当地的磁倾角。
相对于现有技术，本发明取得了以下有益效果：1、本发明根据相邻已钻井套管剩磁的磁场分布规律，利用随钻测量探管在井下采集磁场强度信号，并同步、实时地传输到地面计算机，结合正钻井与已钻井轨迹的最近距离扫描计算结果，对其进行分析计算，最终确定钻头与相邻已钻井的相对空间位置，为定向井工程师控制钻头进行下一步钻进提供科学依据，从而有效地降低钻穿相邻已钻井套管的风险。2、本发明操作过程中不需要在相邻已钻井中下入工具，无需停止相邻已钻井的生产作业。3、本发明中所述随钻探管是由传统的MWD探管内增加一个高精度的三轴磁通门传感器改装完成，不但结构简单，成本低，而且便于操作。4、本发明避免了井眼轨迹测斜计算中累积误差的产生，可以广泛用于海洋及陆上各种丛式井、加密井钻井工程中。
附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明，附图仅提供参考与说明用，非用以限制本发明。
图1为本发明在丛式井中的工作原理示意图。
图2为本发明随钻测量探管内部测斜传感器和磁通门传感器轴线方向排列示意图。
图3为本发明的随钻测量探管到相邻已钻井距离的计算模型示意图。
图4为本发明的随钻测量探管与相邻已钻井相对方位的计算模型示意图。
图中：1.正钻井；2.相邻已钻井；3.钻头；4.随钻测量探管；41.测斜传感器；42.三轴磁通门传感器；5.钻杆；6.钻塔；7.套管；8.磁力线。
具体实施方式
图1为本发明在丛式井中的工作原理示意图，钻塔6下方为正钻井1，正钻井1中，钻杆5的最下端为钻头3，钻头3上方安装有随钻测量探管4。正钻井1的附近有相邻已钻井2，相邻已钻井2中自上而下依次旋接有套管7，套管7剩磁的磁场用磁力线8表示。如图2所示，随钻测量探管4中安装有测斜传感器41和三轴磁通门传感器42；测斜传感器41和三轴磁通门传感器42的中心相距有距离D，测斜传感器的三轴与三轴磁通门传感器的三轴分别平行且同向。
本发明的一种邻井主动防碰的方法，依次包括如下步骤：
步骤1，获取正钻井的轨迹设计信息和相邻已钻井的实钻轨迹信息；
步骤2，以正钻井的井口位置为参考建立正钻井井口坐标系，获取正钻井井口坐标系中所述相邻已钻井的井口坐标；
步骤3，根据所述正钻井的轨迹设计信息和相邻已钻井的实钻轨迹信息，获取正钻井与相邻已钻井需要防碰的井段信息；
步骤4，将随钻测量探管随正钻井的钻头下入到正钻井的底部，当钻头钻至所述需要防碰的井段时，获取随钻测量探管检测到的数据；
步骤5，根据所述随钻测量探管检测到的数据，获取所述随钻测量探管与相邻已钻井套管之间的相对空间位置数据；
步骤6，根据所述随钻测量探管与相邻已钻井套管之间的相对空间位置数据和随钻测量探管与钻头的相对空间位置数据，确定所述正钻井与所述相邻已钻井的相对空间位置，进行下一步井眼轨迹的纠偏控制。
步骤1中所述正钻井的轨迹设计信息和相邻已钻井的实钻轨迹信息包括：正钻井和相邻已钻井的井口坐标、钻盘平面高度、地面海拔度和井身结构，以及正钻井设计轨迹和相邻已钻井实钻轨迹的井深、井斜角和井斜方位角。
步骤2包括如下子步骤：
2a、以正钻井井口位置为坐标原点建立正钻井井口坐标系；
2b、根据所述正钻井与已钻井的钻盘平面高度和地面海拔高度，获取正钻井钻盘平面高度比已钻井钻盘平面高度高多少或低多少；
2c、确定正钻井井眼轨迹测量信息是相对于正钻井钻盘平面高度还是相对于地面海拔高度；
2d、根据所述正钻井与已钻井的井口坐标，获取已钻井井口相对正钻井井口在垂直深度、正北方向和正东方向的偏移量；
2e、在所述正钻井井口坐标系中的相邻已钻井实钻轨迹的垂直深度、北坐标N、东坐标E数据上加上或减去所述垂直深度偏移量、正北方向偏移量和正东方向偏移量；
2f、获取正钻井井口坐标系中所述相邻已钻井的井口坐标。
步骤3中利用邻井最近距离扫描和邻井定向分离系数计算，获取正钻井与相邻已钻井需要防碰的井段信息。
步骤3包括如下子步骤：
3a、根据所述正钻井的轨迹设计信息和相邻已钻井的实钻轨迹信息，以正钻井作为参考井，相邻已钻井作为比较井，进行邻井最近距离扫描计算和邻井分离系数计算，获得扫描半径与正钻井井深的关系图和邻井分离系数与正钻井井深的关系图；
3b、根据所述邻井最近距离扫描计算和邻井分离系数计算结果，获得邻井分离系数小于等于1的正钻井的需要与已钻井防碰的井段信息，包括需要防碰井段的井深、扫描半径和扫描角。
步骤4中所述随钻测量探管具有两端封闭的无磁金属外壳，无磁金属外壳的内腔安装有测斜传感器、三轴磁通门传感器、微控制器模块和电源模块；所述测斜传感器和三轴磁通门传感器的中心相距有距离D，测斜传感器的三轴与三轴磁通门传感器的三轴分别平行且同向；所述微控制器模块用于采集测斜传感器和三轴磁通门传感器输出的磁场、重力加速度以及温度数据，并对数据进行编码和发送；电源模块为测斜传感器、三轴磁通门传感器和微控制器模块提供12V及5V电压。
步骤4包括如下子步骤：
4a、将安装好的随钻测量探管放入到底部钻具组合传统MWD探管的位置；如图3所示，随钻测量探管4中，测斜传感器的坐标为(r，z)、三轴磁通门传感器的坐标为(r，z+D)，已钻井中套路中心O距两端的距离分别为1。
4b、所述随钻测量探管随钻头在正钻井中钻进，钻进至防碰井段时钻头停止，随钻测量探管工作，并通过MWD数据无线传输技术，将检测到的数据传输到地面计算机中；随钻测量探管检测到的数据包括：当地重力场产生的三轴重力加速度Gx、Gy和Gz，由相邻已钻井套管产生的三轴磁感应强度B1x、B1y和B1z，由地磁场产生的三轴磁感应强度B2x、B2y和B2z。
步骤5中所述随钻测量探管与相邻已钻井套管之间的相对空间位置数据包括：随钻测量探管到相邻已钻井套管的径向间距r和已钻井井眼高边Hs与单位矢量
Figure PCTCN2016106490-appb-000007
之间的夹角Ahr。
随钻测量探管到相邻已钻井套管的径向间距r为：
Figure PCTCN2016106490-appb-000008
以正钻井与相邻已钻井轨迹最近距离扫描计算结果的扫描半径为r的初始值，解上面的非线性方程组，求得所述随钻测量探管到相邻已钻井套管的径向间距r的值；其中，1为相邻已钻井套管长度的二分之一；D为测斜传感器与三轴磁通门传感器之间的中心距；Z为测斜传感器中心到已钻井中最相邻套管中心的距离在该套管轴线方向上的投影长度；B1z为测斜传感器测得的轴向磁感应强度，B2z为三轴磁通门传感器测得的轴向磁感应强度；B1r为测斜传感器测得的径向磁感应强度，B2r为三轴磁通门传感器测得的径向磁感应强度。
其中
Figure PCTCN2016106490-appb-000009
B1x为测斜传感器测得的X向磁感应强度，B1y为测斜传感器测得的Y向磁感应强度；B2x为三轴磁通门传感器测得的X向磁感应强度，B2y为三轴磁通门传感器测得的Y向磁感应强度。
如图4所示，已钻井井眼高边Hs与单位矢量
Figure PCTCN2016106490-appb-000010
之间的夹角Ahr为：Ahr＝Ahx+Axr，其中，
Figure PCTCN2016106490-appb-000011
Figure PCTCN2016106490-appb-000012
Gx为测斜传感器的X轴测得的重力加速度分量，Gy为测斜传感器的Y轴测得的重力加速度分量；Bcx为相邻已钻井套管剩磁的X轴分量，Bcy为相邻已钻井套管剩磁的Y轴分量；Bcx和Bcy的大小由测斜传感器测得的数据结合测斜传感器未受相邻已钻井套管磁干扰时测得的数据获得，计算公式为：
Bx＝B1x-Bx   (14)
By＝B1y-By   (15)
Bx＝B(cos sin A cos+cos cos A cos sin-sin sin sin)    (8)
By＝(cos cos A cos cos+sin sin cos-cos sin A sin)      (9)
Bex和Bey分别为当地地磁场在测斜传感器X轴和Y轴上的分量；I为测斜传感器的倾角；A为测斜传感器的方位角，α为测斜传感器X轴的横滚角；Θ为当地的磁倾角。
以上所述仅为本发明之较佳可行实施例而已，非因此局限本发明的专利保护范围。除上述实施例外，本发明还可以有其他实施方式。凡采用等同替换或等效变换形成的技术方案，均落在本发明要求的保护范围内。本发明未经描述的技术特征可以通过或采用现有技术实现，在此不再赘述。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种邻井主动防碰的方法，其特征在于，依次包括如下步骤：
    步骤1，获取正钻井的轨迹设计信息和相邻已钻井的实钻轨迹信息；
    步骤2，以正钻井的井口位置为参考建立正钻井井口坐标系，获取正钻井井口坐标系中所述相邻已钻井的井口坐标；
    步骤3，根据所述正钻井的轨迹设计信息和相邻已钻井的实钻轨迹信息，获取正钻井与相邻已钻井需要防碰的井段信息；
    步骤4，将随钻测量探管随正钻井的钻头下入到正钻井的底部，当钻头钻至所述需要防碰的井段时，获取随钻测量探管检测到的数据；
    步骤5，根据所述随钻测量探管检测到的数据，获取所述随钻测量探管与相邻已钻井套管之间的相对空间位置数据；
    步骤6，根据所述随钻测量探管与相邻已钻井套管之间的相对空间位置数据和随钻测量探管与钻头的相对空间位置数据，确定所述正钻井与所述相邻已钻井的相对空间位置，进行下一步井眼轨迹的纠偏控制。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的邻井主动防碰的方法，其特征在于，步骤1中所述正钻井的轨迹设计信息和相邻已钻井的实钻轨迹信息包括：正钻井和相邻已钻井的井口坐标、钻盘平面高度、地面海拔度和井身结构，以及正钻井设计轨迹和相邻已钻井实钻轨迹的井深、井斜角和井斜方位角。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的邻井主动防碰的方法，其特征在于，步骤2包括如下子步骤：2a、以正钻井井口位置为坐标原点建立正钻井井口坐标系；2b、根据所述正钻井与已钻井的钻盘平面高度和地面海拔高度，获取正钻井钻盘平面高度比已钻井钻盘平面高度高多少或低多少；2c、确定正钻井井眼轨迹测量信息是相对于正钻井钻盘平面高度还是相对于地面海拔高度；2d、根据所述正钻井与已钻井的井口坐标，获取已钻井井口相对正钻井井口在垂直深度、正北方向和正东方向的偏移量；2e、在所述正钻井井口坐标系中的相邻已钻井实钻轨迹的垂直深度、北坐标N、东坐标E数据上加上或减去所述垂直深度偏移量、正北方向偏移量和正东方向偏移量；2f、获取正钻井井口坐标系中所述相邻已钻井的井口坐标。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的邻井主动防碰的方法，其特征在于，步骤3中利用邻井最近距离扫描和邻井定向分离系数计算，获取正钻井与相邻已钻井需要防碰的井段信息。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的邻井主动防碰的方法，其特征在于，步骤3包括如下子步骤： 3a、根据所述正钻井的轨迹设计信息和相邻已钻井的实钻轨迹信息，以正钻井作为参考井，相邻已钻井作为比较井，进行邻井最近距离扫描计算和邻井分离系数计算，获得扫描半径与正钻井井深的关系图和邻井分离系数与正钻井井深的关系图；3b、根据所述邻井最近距离扫描计算和邻井分离系数计算结果，获得邻井分离系数小于等于1的正钻井的需要与已钻井防碰的井段信息，包括需要防碰井段的井深、扫描半径和扫描角。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的邻井主动防碰的方法，其特征在于，步骤4中所述随钻测量探管具有两端封闭的无磁金属外壳，无磁金属外壳的内腔安装有测斜传感器、三轴磁通门传感器、微控制器模块和电源模块；所述测斜传感器和三轴磁通门传感器的中心相距有距离D，测斜传感器的三轴与三轴磁通门传感器的三轴分别平行且同向；所述微控制器模块用于采集测斜传感器和三轴磁通门传感器输出的磁场、重力加速度以及温度数据，并对数据进行编码和发送；电源模块为测斜传感器、三轴磁通门传感器和微控制器模块提供12V及5V电压。
  7. 根据权利要求1或6所述的邻井主动防碰的方法，其特征在于：步骤4包括如下子步骤：4a、将安装好的随钻测量探管放入到底部钻具组合传统MWD探管的位置；4b、所述随钻测量探管随钻头在正钻井中钻进，钻进至防碰井段时钻头停止，随钻测量探管工作，并通过MWD数据无线传输技术，将检测到的数据传输到地面计算机中；随钻测量探管检测到的数据包括：当地重力场产生的三轴重力加速度Gx、Gy和Gz，由相邻已钻井套管产生的三轴磁感应强度B1x、B1y和B1z，由地磁场产生的三轴磁感应强度B2x、B2y和B2z。
  8. 根据权利要求1或7所述的邻井主动防碰的方法，其特征在于，步骤5中所述随钻测量探管与相邻已钻井套管之间的相对空间位置数据包括：随钻测量探管到相邻已钻井套管的径向间距r和已钻井井眼高边Hs与单位矢量
    Figure PCTCN2016106490-appb-100001
    之间的夹角Ahr。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的邻井主动防碰的方法，其特征在于，随钻测量探管到相邻已钻井套管的径向间距r为：
    Figure PCTCN2016106490-appb-100002
    以正钻井与相邻已钻井轨迹最近距离扫描计算结果的扫描半径为r的初始值，解上面的非线性方程组，求得所述随钻测量探管到相邻已钻井套管的径向间距r的值；其中，1为相邻已钻井套管长度的二分之一；D为测斜传感器与三轴磁通门传感器之间的中心距；Z为测斜传感器中心到已钻井中最相邻套管中心的距离在该套管轴线方向上的投影长度；B1z为测斜传感器测得的轴向磁感应强度，B2z为三轴磁通门传感器测得的轴向磁感应强度；B1r为测斜传感器测得的径向磁感应强度，B2r为三轴磁通门传感器测得的径向磁感应强度；其中
    Figure PCTCN2016106490-appb-100003
    B1x为测斜传感器测得的X向磁感应强度，B1y为测斜传感器测得的Y向磁感应强度；B2x为三轴磁通门传感器测得的X向磁感应强度，B2y为三轴磁通门传感器测得的Y向磁感应强度。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的邻井主动防碰的方法，其特征在于，所述已钻井井眼高边Hs与单位矢量
    Figure PCTCN2016106490-appb-100004
    之间的夹角Ahr为：Ahr＝Ahx+Axr，其中，
    Figure PCTCN2016106490-appb-100005
    Figure PCTCN2016106490-appb-100006
    Gx为测斜传感器的X轴测得的重力加速度分量，Gy为测斜传感器的Y轴测得的重力加速度分量；Bcx为相邻已钻井套管剩磁的X轴分量，Bcy为相邻已钻井套管剩磁的Y轴分量；Bcx和Bcy的大小由测斜传感器测得的数据结合测斜传感器未受相邻已钻井套管磁干扰时测得的数据获得，计算公式为：
    Bcx＝B1x-Bex  (4)
    Bcy＝B1y-Bey  (5)
    Bex＝Be(cosΘsin Acosα+cosΘcos A cos I sinα-sinΘsin I sinα)  (8)
    Bey＝He(cosΘcos A cos I cosα+sinΘsin I cosα-cosΘsin A sinα)  (9)
    Bex和Bey分别为当地地磁场在测斜传感器X轴和Y轴上的分量；I为测斜传感器的倾角；A为测斜传感器的方位角，α为测斜传感器X轴的横滚角；Θ为当地的磁倾角。
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