WO2018086837A1

WO2018086837A1 - Transport assembly

Info

Publication number: WO2018086837A1
Application number: PCT/EP2017/076684
Authority: WO
Inventors: Jens Hald JENSEN; Jesper Bjerre Pedersen; Jeppe SOEE
Original assignee: Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date: 2016-11-11
Filing date: 2017-10-19
Publication date: 2018-05-17
Also published as: CN109996958B; US20190285057A1; EP3510280B1; CN109996958A; US12018648B2; US20220112882A1; US11506179B2; DK3510280T3; EP3510280A1

Abstract

The invention describes a transport assembly (1) for use in the transport of a large heavy load (2), comprising a frame unit (10) realized to lie on a load platform (3) of a transport vehicle; a number of first load-positioning beams (131), wherein a first load-positioning beam (131) is realized to span a single frame unit (10); and/or a number of second load-positioning beams (132), wherein a second load-positioning beam (132) is realized to span a pair of adjacent frame units (10); and a part adapter (14) realized to engage with a load-positioning beam (131, 132) and to engage with the load (2). The invention further describes a method of securing a large heavy load (2) on a load platform (3) during a transport manoeuvre.

Description

Transport assembly The invention describes a transport assembly for securing a large heavy load to a load platform during a transport manoeuvre. The invention further describes a method of securing a large heavy load on a load platform during a transport manoeuvre.

During the manufacture of a large structure such as a wind turbine it is often necessary to transfer one or more

components from one location to another. The installation of a large machine such as a wind turbine also often requires the transfer of one or more components between locations.

Such load transfer manoeuvres can become expensive when it is necessary to move loads that have irregular shapes in

addition to being very heavy. For example, the different parts of a wind turbine can have different shapes and

different weights. A nacelle unit of a large 10 - 20 MW generator can weigh in the region of several hundred metric tonnes, for example. Its transport is made difficult owing to its irregular shape and to the lack of external features which could be used to hold it during transport. Transport of such an irregular heavy object can be made even more

difficult if its centre of gravity is offset from its

geometrical centre. It is necessary to ensure that the load and the transport equipment are not damaged during a

transport manoeuvre. However, an irregularly shaped object may exert bending moments on the loading platform, and may damage the transport equipment. A poorly or inadequately supported load may itself be damaged during transport by such bending moments.

A further problem arises when it is necessary to handle several different versions of a product, for example to transport different versions of a wind turbine component and when each version of a component has a different weight and different dimensions.

For these reasons, it is generally necessary to design and construct purpose-built and specially designed transport equipment for each different type of load. However, purpose- built or custom equipment has limited re-usability and adds significantly to the overall manufacturing or installation costs .

It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a more economical way of transporting large irregular loads.

This object is achieved by the transport assembly of claim 1, and by the method of claim 13 of securing a large heavy load on a load platform during a transport manoeuvre.

According to the invention, the transport assembly is

intended for use in the transport of a large heavy load, and comprises a frame unit realized to fit over a load platform of a transport vehicle; one or more first load-positioning beams, each realized to span a single frame unit and/or one or more second load-positioning beams, each realized to span a pair of adjacent frame units; and at least one part adapter realized to engage with a load-positioning beam and to engage with the load.

An advantage of the transport assembly according to the invention is that it allows a very heavy load to be securely held in place on a load platform of a transport vehicle in such a way that the load is evenly distributed over the load platform. Furthermore, the modular nature of the transport assembly allows various different kinds of load - with different dimensions and different weights - to be

transported using the same transport assembly. In other words, assembly configuration of the inventive transport assembly can easily be adjusted for the transport of one kind of load, and then later adjusted again for the transport of a different load. Even for loads with irregular shapes, the transport assembly allows a balanced and even load distribution. The inventive transport assembly effectively prevents bending moments that would otherwise place stress on the transport equipment.

According to the invention, the method of securing a large heavy load on a load platform during a transport manoeuvre comprises the steps of arranging a single frame unit of such a transport assembly over the load platform and then

arranging at least one first load-positioning beam across the single frame unit; or arranging two frame units of such a transport assembly over a pair of adjacent load platforms, and arranging at least one second load-positioning beam across the frame units. In a subsequent step, a part adapter of the transport assembly is engaged with a load-positioning beam, and the load is engaged with the part adapter.

The inventive method is favourably quick and economical to carry out, since it is not necessary to provide dedicated load-carrying means for different kinds of load.

Particularly advantageous embodiments and features of the invention are given by the dependent claims, as revealed in the following description. Features of different claim categories may be combined as appropriate to give further embodiments not described herein.

In the following, it may be assumed that the load to be transported is a wind turbine component such as a nacelle unit, a tower head unit, a generator unit, etc. Such parts are generally cumbersome and unwieldy, having great weight in addition to a complicated shape, particularly when the component is for use in a large wind turbine. Here, the term "large wind turbine" is to be understood to mean a wind turbine with a power output in the region of 10 - 20 MW as mentioned in the introduction. It may be assumed that the transport assembly is realized to transport a component such as a nacelle unit with a weight that might exceed 1000 metric tonnes .

The frame unit is preferably shaped to fit essentially exactly over the loading platform that will be used in the transport manoeuvre. A loading platform may be understood to be a long flat carrier that can be moved by rollers or wheels. For example, a loading platform with a length of about 25 m and a width of about 3 m can be mounted onto an arrangement of multiple wheel axles. In a preferred

embodiment of the invention, the frame unit comprises a pair of parallel supporting beams or lateral beams arranged to lie on either longitudinal side of the load platform. The two lateral beams are preferably connected together by means of a plurality of cross-connecting beams or transverse beams arranged at right angles to the lateral beams, and welded or bolted to the lateral beams in order to fix their position. Preferably, a transverse beam is arranged to rest on an upper surface of the load platform to ensure optimal load transfer onto the flatbed surface of the load platform. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the lateral beams extend along the sides of the load platform so that their upper faces essentially lie flush with the upper surface of the load platform, and so that the lower faces of the transverse beams rest on the upper surface of the load platform. This

arrangement allows a favourably effective load transfer onto the load platform.

The inventive transport assembly can be used with a single load platform, but can equally well be used with two or more load platforms. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, therefore, the first load-positioning beam is realized to engage with a part adapter positioned centrally over a single frame unit on a single load platform, and the second load- positioning beam is realized to engage with a part adapter positioned centrally over a pair of adjacent frame units on two load platforms, etc. The first load-positioning beam may be referred to in the following as a "short" load-positioning beam, since it only spans one frame unit. The length of the short load-positioning beam need not be any longer than the width of the frame unit. The second load-positioning beam may be referred to in the following as a "long" load-positioning beam, since it spans two (or more) frame units. The length of the long load-positioning beam can comprise at least the combined width of two frame units, for example, to allow for a space between the adjacent load platforms. A load-positioning beam is preferably secured to the frame unit in some way so that the load can be safely held at all times during the transport manoeuvre. To this end, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the transport assembly comprises a number of holding elements arranged to hold a load-positioning beam in place on the frame unit. In one preferred embodiment of the invention, a holding element is arranged to extend upward from a lateral beam of the frame unit to engage from below with a load-positioning beam.

Equally, a holding element can be arranged to extend downward from a load-positioning beam to engage from above with a lateral beam. For example, a holding element can comprise a rod or similar device extending downward from a load- positioning beam and into a corresponding hole in a lateral beam. A row of holes spaced at intervals in the upper side of each lateral beam can offer a number of possibilities in arranging the load-positioning beams. In a similar manner, a holding element can comprise a rod extending upward from a lateral beam and into a corresponding hole on the under surface of a load-positioning beam. Here, a series of rods spaced at intervals along the upper side of each lateral beam can offer a number of possibilities in arranging the load- positioning beams. In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, a holding element is constructed as a plate comprising a rectangular cut-out to engage a beam. The plate can be bolted to a lateral beam, for example, and arranged so that the cut-out faces upwards, ready to receive a load- positioning beam. In this preferred embodiment, a matching arrangement of through-holes in a holding plate and in a complementary arrangement of fins mounted to a load- positioning beam can be provided for receiving fasteners to secure the load-positioning beam to the frame unit. Of course, these embodiments are exemplary, and other

realizations are possible. In each case, it is preferable that the load-positioning beams rest on the load platform (s) so that the weight of the load can be transferred evenly to the load platform (s) . The part adapter is also preferably secured to the frame unit in some way so that the load can be safely held at all times during the transport manoeuvre. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, therefore, the transport assembly comprising an engaging structure arranged to form a connection between the part adapter and a load-positioning beam, wherein the engaging structure comprises an arrangement of bars mounted to the part adapter and a complementary arrangement of fins mounted to a load-positioning beam, which bars and fins comprise matching through-holes for receiving fasteners. For example, a load-positioning beam can equipped with a number of vertical fins extending outward from the beam, and the part adapter can be equipped with one or more corresponding arrangements of vertical bars or fins. Once the part adapter has been put into place over the frame unit(s), it can be secured to the load-positioning beam(s) by fasteners inserted through the matching through-holes.

As mentioned above, the transport assembly is intended for use in the transport of large and heavy components such as the nacelle unit of a large wind turbine. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, therefore, the part adapter is realized to engage with a circular tower head interface of a wind turbine. Preferably, the part adapter is an essentially circular element with a diameter in the range of 4 - 7 m , and shaped to fit inside the tower head interface, or outside the tower head interface, depending on the manner in which the tower head interface of the nacelle unit has been

constructed. For example, if the tower head interface has been constructed with an inner flange which will be bolted to a corresponding flange at the top of a wind turbine tower, the part adapter can be shaped to fit that flange. When the nacelle unit is lowered into place on the part adapter, the flange will rest on the upper surface of the part adapter. Of course, the part adapter can also be secured to the flange if necessary .

In the case of a large and unwieldy part such as a tower head unit or nacelle unit, it may be that the centre of gravity of the load does not lie over the part adapter. Therefore, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the method comprises a preliminary step of determining an optimal position of at least one transverse beam relative to the lateral beams and the load-positioning beams of the frame unit. For example, a nacelle unit can be held in place by a part adapter mounted over two load-positioning beams arranged towards one end of the frame unit. The centre of gravity of the nacelle unit may lie outside of the region defined by the load-positioning beams and the part adapter, and may lie further behind this region. To counteract the bending moment that would otherwise act on the load platform, an additional transverse beam is placed further behind and secured to the lateral beams. The weight of the load can therefore be evenly distributed on the load platform through the load-positioning beams and the transverse beams .

Other objects and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed descriptions considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood, however, that the drawings are designed solely for the purposes of illustration and not as a

definition of the limits of the invention. Fig. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of the inventive

transport assembly Fig. 2A and 2B show a first embodiment of the inventive transport assembly;

Fig. 3 shows the transport assembly of Fig. 2A and 2B in use during the transport of a load;

Fig. 4 shows a first embodiment of the inventive transport assembly; Fig. 5 shows the transport assembly of Fig. 4 in use during the transport of a load;

Fig. 6 shows the transport assembly of Fig. 2A and 2B in use during the transport of a load.

In the diagrams, like numbers refer to like objects

throughout. Objects in the diagrams are not necessarily drawn to scale. Fig. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of the inventive

transport assembly 1, with a frame unit 10 constructed to rest on the load platform 3 of a transport vehicle (not shown), two different kinds of load-positioning beam 131, 132, and a part adapter 14.

The frame 10 essentially comprises a pair of parallel lateral beams 12 that will lie on either long side of the load platform 3, and several transverse or cross-connector beams 11 held in place by the lateral beams 12. A number of upright holding plates 16 are arranged on the inner and outer sides of each of the lateral beams 12. These holding plates 16 are shaped and arranged to accommodate a number of load- positioning beams 131, 132. The diagram shows two load-positioning beams 131, 132 with different lengths. The short load-positioning beam 131 is for use with a single frame 10 arranged on a single load

platform, while the long load-positioning beam 132 is for use with two frames 10 arranged side by side on two adjacent load platforms. Each load-positioning beam 131, 132 has a number of fins 133 extending along its vertical side faces. These fins 133 will be used to secure the load-positioning beam 131, 132 to the frame 10, and to secure a part adapter 14 to the load-positioning beam 131, 132, as will be explained below .

The part adapter 14 in this exemplary embodiment will be used to support a nacelle unit of a wind turbine during a

transport manoeuvre. The part adapter 14 or "tower barrel" is constructed to have the same dimensions as the uppermost region of the tower of that wind turbine, so that the tower head interface or yaw ring of that nacelle unit will fit onto or into the part adapter 14.

Fig. 2A and 2B show a first arrangement of the inventive transport assembly 1, using the short load-positioning beam 131, frame 10 and adapter 14 of Fig. 1. In this setup, a relatively small nacelle is to be transported, i.e. the weight and dimensions of the nacelle allow it to be borne on a single load platform of a transport vehicle. On the left- hand side of the diagram, two short load-positioning beams 131 are shown in place on the frame 10. Each load-positioning beam 131 spans the frame 10 and is held in place by holding elements 16. In this embodiment, the holding elements 16 are steel plates shaped in the manner of a claw, with a cut-out 160 that matches the shape of the load-positioning beam 131, so that the load-positioning beam 131 will rest on the load platform and the upper surface of the lateral beams. Inner holding plates 16' have a simpler shape, as shown in Fig. 1, and serve to provide additional stability to the overall arrangement. Fig. 1 also indicates through-holes 164 in the holding plates 160 and matching through-holes 134 in fins 133 of the load-positioning beams 131. Returning to Fig. 2A and 2B, the load-positioning beam 131 is secured to the frame 10 by inserting fasteners F through the aligned through-holes 134, 164 of the holding plates 16 and fins 133. The frame 10 and load-positioning beams 131 are now ready to receive the part adapter 14, which can be lowered into place as shown. To this end, a suitable hoisting or lifting

apparatus can be used. The diagram shows a row of downward- pointing bars 143 mounted to the part adapter 14. Each bar 143 has a number of through-holes 144, so that the part adapter 14 can be secured to a load-positioning beam 131 by inserting fasteners F through the aligned through-holes 134, 144 of the bars 143 and load-positioning beam fins 133, as shown on the right-hand side of the diagram.

Fig. 3 shows the inventive transport assembly 1 of Fig. 2A and Fig. 2B in use during the transport of a nacelle unit 2. The frame 10 has been placed in a predetermined position on the load platform 3 of a transport vehicle (not shown) . The frame position can have been determined by consideration of the combined weight of the nacelle unit 2 and all the parts already installed in or on the nacelle unit 2, as indicated in the diagram. The position of the frame 10 is determined in advance to ensure that the centre of gravity of the nacelle unit 2 will be centrally positioned over the load platform 3. The tower head interface 20 of the nacelle unit 2 engages with the part adapter 14. The entire assembly can now be safely transported over any distance, and the balanced load distribution ensures that stress damage to the nacelle unit 2 and the transport equipment 1, 3 is avoided.

Fig. 4 shows a second arrangement of the inventive transport assembly 1, using the long load-positioning beam 132, frame unit 10 and adapter 14 of Fig. 1. In this setup, a relatively large nacelle unit is to be transported, i.e. the weight and dimensions of the nacelle require the use of two load

platforms. On the left-hand side of the diagram, two long load-positioning beams 132 are shown in place, spanning two frames units 10. Each load-positioning beam 132 spans the two frames units 10 and is held in place by holding plates 16 and fasteners F as described above. The frames units 10 and load-positioning beams 132 are now ready to receive the part adapter 14 of a large nacelle unit, which can be lowered into place as shown. As described above, the part adapter 14 is secured to the load-positioning beams 132 by inserting fasteners F through aligned through-holes 134, 144 of the bars 143 and load-positioning beam fins 133 as shown in the enlarged detail view on the right-hand side of the diagram.

Fig. 5 shows the inventive transport assembly 1 of Fig. 4 in use during the transport of a large nacelle unit 2. In this case, the nacelle unit 2 also comprises an entire nacelle with hub and spinner in place at the front of the nacelle, and a cooling arrangement and landing platform in place on top of the nacelle. The combined weight of such a nacelle unit 2 can lie in the region of 300 - 800 metric tonnes or even more. The frame units 10 have been placed in

predetermined positions on adjacent load platforms 3 of a transport vehicle (not shown) . The load platforms 3 in this case will be jointly pulled by a single transport vehicle. The load platforms 3 are effectively held in position by the arrangement of frame units 10 and load-positioning beams 132 of the inventive transport assembly 1. As described above, the frame positions can have been determined by consideration of the combined weight of the nacelle unit 2, to ensure that the centre of gravity of the nacelle unit 2 will be centrally positioned over the load-carrying area defined by the

adjacent load platforms 3 and the load-positioning beams 132. The tower head interface of the nacelle unit 2 is secured to the part adapter 14. In this case also, the entire assembly can now be safely transported over any distance, and the balanced load distribution ensures that stress damage to the nacelle unit 2 and the transport equipment 1, 3 is avoided.

Fig. 6 shows the inventive transport assembly 1 of Fig. 2A and 2B in use during the transport of load 2, in this case a tower head unit. The diagram shows the tower head unit in place over a part adapter 14. The tower head unit can safely be transported from one location to another during the manufacture of a nacelle unit, for example. Although the present invention has been disclosed in the form of preferred embodiments and variations thereon, it will be understood that numerous additional modifications and

variations could be made thereto without departing from the scope of the invention.

For the sake of clarity, it is to be understood that the use of "a" or "an" throughout this application does not exclude a plurality, and "comprising" does not exclude other steps or elements .

Claims

1. A transport assembly (1) for securing a large heavy load (2) to a load platform (3) during a transport manoeuvre, which transport assembly (1) comprises

- a frame unit (10) realized to lie on a load platform (3) of a transport vehicle;

a number of first load-positioning beams (131), wherein a first load-positioning beam (131) is realized to span a single frame unit (10); and/or

- a number of second load-positioning beams (132), wherein a second load-positioning beam (132) is realized to span a pair of adjacent frame units (10); and

a part adapter (14) realized to engage with a load- positioning beam (131, 132) and to engage with the load (2) .

2. A transport assembly according to claim 1, wherein the frame unit (10) comprises a plurality of transverse beams (11) arranged to extend across the width of the load platform (3) and held in place by a pair of lateral beams (12) arranged to extend lengthways along the sides of the load platform (3) .

3. A transport assembly according to claim 2, wherein a transverse beam (11) is arranged to rest on an upper surface of the load platform (3) .

4. A transport assembly according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the first load-positioning beam (131) is realized to engage with a part adapter (14) positioned centrally over a single frame unit (10), and wherein the second load-positioning beam (132) is realized to engage with a part adapter (14) positioned centrally over a pair of adjacent frame units (10) .

5. A transport assembly according to any of the preceding claims, comprising an arrangement of bars (143) mounted to the part adapter (14) and a complementary arrangement of fins (133) mounted to a load-positioning beam (131, 132), which bars (143) and fins (133) comprise matching through-holes

(134, 144) for receiving fasteners (F) to form a connection between the part adapter (14) and a load-positioning beam (131, 132) .

6. A transport assembly according to any of the preceding claims, comprising a number of holding elements (16) arranged to hold a load-positioning beam (131, 132) in place on the frame unit (10) .

7. A transport assembly according to claim 6, wherein a holding element (16) is arranged to extend upward from a lateral beam (12) of the frame unit (10) to engage from below with a load-positioning beam (131, 132) .

8. A transport assembly according to claim 6 or claim 7, wherein a holding element is arranged to extend downward from a load-positioning beam (131, 132) to engage from above with a lateral beam (12) of the frame unit (10) .

9. A transport assembly according to any of claims 6 to 8, wherein a holding element (16) is constructed as a plate (16) comprising a rectangular cut-out (160) to fit about a load- positioning beam (131, 132) .

10. A transport assembly according to claim 9, comprising a matching arrangement of through-holes (164) in a holding plate (164) and in a complementary arrangement of fins (134) mounted to a load-positioning beam (131, 132), for receiving fasteners (F) to secure the load-positioning beam (131, 132) to the frame unit (10) .

11. A transport assembly according to any of the preceding claims, realized to transport a wind turbine nacelle unit (2) with a weight of at least 200 metric tonnes.

12. A transport assembly according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the part adapter (14) is realized to connect to a wind turbine tower head interface (2) with a diameter of at least 4 m.

13. A method of securing a large heavy load (2) on a load platform (3) during a transport manoeuvre, which method comprises the steps of

arranging a single frame unit (10) of a transport

assembly (1) according to any of claims 1 to 12 over a load platform (3) and arranging at least one first load- positioning beam (131) across the single frame unit (10), or

arranging two frame units (10) of a transport assembly (1) according to any of claims 1 to 12 over a pair of adjacent load platforms (3), and arranging at least one second load-positioning beam (132) across the frame units (10); and subsequently

engaging a part adapter (14) of the transport assembly (1) with a load-positioning beam (131, 132); and

engaging the load (2) with the part adapter (14) .

14. A method according to claim 13, comprising a preliminary step of determining an optimal position for the frame unit (10) on the load platform (3) on the basis of the weight of the load (2) and/or the shape of the load (2) .

15. A method according to claim 13 or claim 14, comprising a preliminary step of determining an optimal position of the transverse beams (11) and/or the load-positioning beams (131, 132) relative to the lateral beams (12) of the frame unit (1) on the basis of the weight of the load (2) and/or the shape of the load (2 ) .