WO2018084963A1 - Génération d'unité d'apprentissage pour couche physique à porteuse unique - Google Patents

Génération d'unité d'apprentissage pour couche physique à porteuse unique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018084963A1
WO2018084963A1 PCT/US2017/053683 US2017053683W WO2018084963A1 WO 2018084963 A1 WO2018084963 A1 WO 2018084963A1 US 2017053683 W US2017053683 W US 2017053683W WO 2018084963 A1 WO2018084963 A1 WO 2018084963A1
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Prior art keywords
trn
training
basic
mimo
spatial streams
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PCT/US2017/053683
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English (en)
Inventor
Artyom LOMAYEV
Iaroslav P. Gagiev
Alexander Maltsev
Claudio Da Silva
Michael Genossar
Carlos Cordeiro
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Intel Corporation
Intel IP Corporation
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Publication of WO2018084963A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018084963A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2626—Arrangements specific to the transmitter only
    • H04L27/2627—Modulators
    • H04L27/2634—Inverse fast Fourier transform [IFFT] or inverse discrete Fourier transform [IDFT] modulators in combination with other circuits for modulation
    • H04L27/2636—Inverse fast Fourier transform [IFFT] or inverse discrete Fourier transform [IDFT] modulators in combination with other circuits for modulation with FFT or DFT modulators, e.g. standard single-carrier frequency-division multiple access [SC-FDMA] transmitter or DFT spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing [DFT-SOFDM]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0686—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0695—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission using beam selection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2602—Signal structure
    • H04L27/2603—Signal structure ensuring backward compatibility with legacy system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2602—Signal structure
    • H04L27/261—Details of reference signals
    • H04L27/2613—Structure of the reference signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
    • H04L5/0014—Three-dimensional division
    • H04L5/0023—Time-frequency-space
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0048—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver

Definitions

  • This disclosure generally relates to systems and methods for wireless communications and, more particularly, to training unit generation for a single carrier physical (PHY) layer.
  • PHY physical
  • IEEE 802.1 lay can refer to a standard in the mmWave (60 GHz) band, which can be related to the IEEE 802.1 lad standard, also referred to as WiGig. IEEE 802.1 lay describes standards that can increase the transmission data rate in wireless networks, for example, by applying multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques.
  • MIMO multiple-input multiple-output
  • FIG. 1 depicts a network diagram illustrating an example network environment for a transmit and receive training generation system, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 depicts an illustrative legacy transmit and receive training (TRN-T/R) unit structure in IEEE 802.1 lad.
  • FIG. 3 depicts an illustrative TRN-T/R unit structure, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 depicts a flow diagram of an illustrative process for a transmit and receive training unit generation system, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 depicts a functional diagram of an example communication station, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 depicts a block diagram of an example machine upon which any of one or more techniques (e.g., methods) may be performed, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Example embodiments described herein provide certain systems, methods, and devices for transmit and receive training unit generation.
  • the following description and the drawings sufficiently illustrate specific embodiments to enable those skilled in the art to practice them.
  • Other embodiments may incorporate structural, logical, electrical, process, and other changes. Portions and features of some embodiments may be included in, or substituted for, those of other embodiments.
  • Embodiments set forth in the claims encompass all available equivalents of those claims.
  • TGay The Task Group for IEEE 802.11ay (TGay) is currently developing an amendment that will define modifications to the IEEE 802.11 PHY and MAC to enable stations operating in the license-exempt bands above 45 GHz a maximum throughput of at least 20 Gbps.
  • TGay has defined a new physical layer convergence protocol (PLCP) data unit (PPDU) format, referred to as an enhanced directional multi-gigabit (EDMG) PPDU format.
  • PLCP physical layer convergence protocol
  • EDMG enhanced directional multi-gigabit
  • IEEE 802. Hay proposes to increase the transmission data rate by applying MIMO and channel bonding techniques.
  • Legacy directional multi-gigabit (DMG) devices are not capable of transmitting using MIMO and are designed to transmit a training field using only one spatial stream, where the training field is composed of channel estimation and four training subfields. Further, channel bonding is not supported in the legacy DMG devices.
  • Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to systems, methods, and devices for transmit and receive training unit generation.
  • a DMG communication may involve one or more directional links to communicate at a rate of multiple gigabits per second, for example, at least 1 gigabit per second, 7 gigabits per second, or any other rate.
  • An amendment to a DMG operation in a 60 GHz band e.g., according to an IEEE 802.1 lad standard, may be defined, for example, by an IEEE 802.1 lay project.
  • one or more devices may be configured to communicate over a next generation 60 GHz (NG60) network, an enhanced DMG (EDMG) network, and/or any other network.
  • NG60 next generation 60 GHz
  • EDMG enhanced DMG
  • the one or more devices may be configured to communicate over the NG60 or EDMG networks.
  • a transmit and receive training unit generation system may include a Golay generator that can generate Golay complementary sequences (Ga, Gb) which can be modulated and transmitted, for example, using a modulator.
  • the modulator may be, for example, an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulator, a single carrier (SC) modulator, and the like.
  • a Golay generator can generate the complementary sequences.
  • a transmit and receive training unit generation system may determine one or more training units that may be used, to train antenna weight factors to improve the beamforming settings. These TRN units are appended to the end of a packet.
  • a transmit and receive training unit generation system may provide a design of EDMG transmit and receive training (TRN-T and TRN-R) units for Beam Refinement Protocol (BRP) in the case of MIMO and channel bonding transmission for a single carrier (SC) PHY.
  • the design may utilize Golay complementary sequences Ga/Gb.
  • a transmit and receive training unit generation system may provide enhancements to the TRN units such that in case of MIMO communications, the TRN units may be defined for multiple spatial streams that may be used to communicate with a device. Additional enhancements may be that the TRN units are defined for channel bonding transmission such that a transmit and receive training unit generation system may define one or more TRN units for each of the bonded channels.
  • the transmit and receive training unit generation system may allow Channel Impulse Response (CIR) estimation in a time domain per spatial stream.
  • CIR Channel Impulse Response
  • the transmit and receive training unit generation system may determine the TRN-T/R units up to eight spatial streams; however, it can be extended to an arbitrary number of spatial streams.
  • the transmit and receive training unit generation system may be based on an EDMG-CEF definition.
  • the transmit and receive training unit generation system may facilitate the usage of TRN subfield(s) as a unit rather than Golay sequence(s).
  • FIG. 1 is a network diagram illustrating an example network environment, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Wireless network 100 may include one or more user device(s) 120 and one or more access point(s) (AP) 102, which may communicate in accordance with IEEE 802.11 communication standards, such as the IEEE 802.11ad and/or IEEE 802.11ay specifications.
  • the user device(s) 120 may be referred to as stations (STAs).
  • STAs stations
  • the user device(s) 120 may be mobile devices that are non-stationary and do not have fixed locations.
  • the AP(s) 102 is shown to be communicating on multiple antennas with user devices 120, it should be understood that this is only for illustrative purposes and that any user device 120 may also communicate using multiple antennas with other user devices 120 and/or AP(s) 102.
  • the user device(s) 120 and the AP(s) 102 may include one or more computer systems similar to that of the functional diagram of FIG. 5 and/or the example machine/system of FIG. 6.
  • One or more illustrative user device(s) 120 and/or AP(s) 102 may be operable by one or more user(s) 110.
  • the user device(s) 120 e.g., 124, 126, or 128) and/or AP(s) 102 may include any suitable processor-driven device including, but not limited to, a mobile device or a non-mobile, e.g., a static, device.
  • user device(s) 120 and/or AP(s) 102 may include, a user equipment (UE), a station (STA), an access point (AP), a personal computer (PC), a wearable wireless device (e.g., bracelet, watch, glasses, ring, etc.), a desktop computer, a mobile computer, a laptop computer, an ultrabookTM computer, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a server computer, a handheld computer, a handheld device, an internet of things (IoT) device, a sensor device, a PDA device, a handheld PDA device, an on-board device, an off-board device, a hybrid device (e.g., combining cellular phone functionalities with PDA device functionalities), a consumer device, a vehicular device, a non-vehicular device, a mobile or portable device, a non-mobile or non-portable device, a mobile phone, a cellular telephone, a PCS device, a PDA device which incorporates a wireless communication device,
  • Any of the user device(s) 120 may be configured to communicate with each other via one or more communications networks 130 and/or 135 wirelessly or wired.
  • Any of the communications networks 130 and/or 135 may include, but not limited to, any one of a combination of different types of suitable communications networks such as, for example, broadcasting networks, cable networks, public networks (e.g., the Internet), private networks, wireless networks, cellular networks, or any other suitable private and/or public networks.
  • any of the communications networks 130 and/or 135 may have any suitable communication range associated therewith and may include, for example, global networks (e.g., the Internet), metropolitan area networks (MANs), wide area networks (WANs), local area networks (LANs), or personal area networks (PANs).
  • any of the communications networks 130 and/or 135 may include any type of medium over which network traffic may be carried including, but not limited to, coaxial cable, twisted-pair wire, optical fiber, a hybrid fiber coaxial (HFC) medium, microwave terrestrial transceivers, radio frequency communication mediums, white space communication mediums, ultra-high frequency communication mediums, satellite communication mediums, or any combination thereof.
  • coaxial cable twisted-pair wire
  • optical fiber a hybrid fiber coaxial (HFC) medium
  • microwave terrestrial transceivers microwave terrestrial transceivers
  • radio frequency communication mediums white space communication mediums
  • ultra-high frequency communication mediums satellite communication mediums, or any combination thereof.
  • Any of the user device(s) 120 may include one or more communications antennas.
  • the one or more communications antennas may be any suitable type of antennas corresponding to the communications protocols used by the user device(s) 120 (e.g., user devices 124, 126 and 128), and AP(s) 102.
  • suitable communications antennas include Wi-Fi antennas, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 family of standards compatible antennas, directional antennas, non-directional antennas, dipole antennas, folded dipole antennas, patch antennas, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennas, omnidirectional antennas, quasi-omnidirectional antennas, or the like.
  • the one or more communications antennas may be communicatively coupled to a radio component to transmit and/or receive signals, such as communications signals to and/or from the user devices 120 and/or AP(s) 102.
  • Any of the user device(s) 120 may be configured to perform directional transmission and/or directional reception in conjunction with wirelessly communicating in a wireless network.
  • Any of the user device(s) 120 e.g., user devices 124, 126, 128), and AP(s) 102 may be configured to perform such directional transmission and/or reception using a set of multiple antenna arrays (e.g., DMG antenna arrays or the like). Each of the multiple antenna arrays may be used for transmission and/or reception in a particular respective direction or range of directions.
  • Any of the user device(s) 120 (e.g., user devices 124, 126, 128), and AP(s) 102 may be configured to perform any given directional transmission towards one or more defined transmit sectors. Any of the user device(s) 120 (e.g., user devices 124, 126, 128), and AP(s) 102 may be configured to perform any given directional reception from one or more defined receive sectors.
  • MIMO beamforming in a wireless network may be accomplished using RF beamforming and/or digital beamforming.
  • user devices 120 and/or AP(s) 102 may be configured to use all or a subset of its one or more communications antennas to perform MIMO beamforming.
  • Any of the user devices 120 may include any suitable radio and/or transceiver for transmitting and/or receiving radio frequency (RF) signals in the bandwidth and/or channels corresponding to the communications protocols utilized by any of the user device(s) 120 and AP(s) 102 to communicate with each other.
  • the radio components may include hardware and/or software to modulate and/or demodulate communications signals according to pre-established transmission protocols.
  • the radio components may further have hardware and/or software instructions to communicate via one or more Wi-Fi and/or Wi-Fi direct protocols, as standardized by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standards.
  • the radio component in cooperation with the communications antennas, may be configured to communicate via 2.4 GHz channels (e.g., 802.11b, 802. l lg, 802.11 ⁇ , 802.1 lax), 5 GHz channels (e.g., 802.11 ⁇ , 802.1 lac, 802.1 lax), or 60 GHz channels (e.g., 802.1 lad).
  • non-Wi-Fi protocols may be used for communications between devices, such as Bluetooth, dedicated short-range communication (DSRC), Ultra- High Frequency (UHF) (e.g., IEEE 802.11af, IEEE 802.22), white band frequency (e.g., white spaces), or other packetized radio communications.
  • the radio component may include any known receiver and baseband suitable for communicating via the communications protocols.
  • the radio component may further include a low noise amplifier (LNA), additional signal amplifiers, an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter, one or more buffers, and digital baseband.
  • LNA low noise amplifier
  • A/D analog-to-digital converter
  • Some demonstrative embodiments may be used in conjunction with a wireless communication network communicating over a frequency band of 60 GHz.
  • other embodiments may be implemented utilizing any other suitable wireless communication frequency bands, for example, an extremely high frequency (EHF) band (the millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency band), a frequency band within the frequency band of between 20 GHz and 300 GHz, a WLAN frequency band, a WPAN frequency band, a frequency band according to the WGA specification, and the like.
  • EHF extremely high frequency
  • mmWave millimeter wave
  • DMG directional multi-gigabit
  • DBand directional band
  • DMG communications may involve one or more directional links to communicate at a rate of multiple gigabits per second, for example, at least 1 gigabit per second, 7 gigabits per second, or any other rate.
  • the user device(s) 120 and/or the AP(s) 102 may be configured to operate in accordance with one or more specifications, including one or more IEEE 802.11 specifications, (e.g., an IEEE 802. Had specification, an IEEE 802.11ay specification, and/or any other specification and/or protocol).
  • IEEE 802.11 specifications e.g., an IEEE 802. Had specification, an IEEE 802.11ay specification, and/or any other specification and/or protocol.
  • an amendment to a DMG operation in the 60 GHz band, according to an IEEE 802.1 lad standard may be defined, for example, by an IEEE 802.1 lay project.
  • a basic service set provides the basic building block of an 802.11 wireless LAN.
  • a single access point (AP) together with all associated stations (STAs) is called a BSS.
  • MCS index values may be used to determine the likely data rate of a Wi-Fi connection during a wireless communication between two devices (e.g., between the AP 102 and a user device 120).
  • the MCS index essentially determines the modulation type (e.g., BPSK, QPSK, 16- QAM, 64-QAM), and the coding rate (e.g., 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6).
  • the used coding rates are 1/2, 5/8, 3/4, 13/16, 7/8.
  • BPSK binary phase shift keying
  • QPSK quadrature phase shift keying
  • QAM quadrature amplitude modulation
  • modulation is the method by which data is communicated through the air. The more complex the modulation, the higher the data rate. Modulations that are more complex may require better conditions such as less interference and a good line of sight.
  • the coding rate may be an indication of how much of a data stream is actually being used to transmit usable data. This may be expressed as a fraction with the most efficient rate being 5/6 or 83.3% of the data stream being used.
  • the repetition factor is the number of times the data is repeated to improve reliability.
  • the actual MCS may depend on variables such as hardware design and local interferences that may affect the rate and the network performance during the communication. For example, if a wireless or Wi-Fi connection cannot be maintained when there are too many errors being experienced during the communication between two devices, the MCS index may be lowered by selecting a different modulation type and/or coding rate and/or repetition factor in order to reduce the error rate. Although the MCS may indicate the data rate of the wireless or Wi-Fi connection, it may not determine the actual throughput of the network.
  • MIMO facilitates multiplying the capacity of a radio link using multiple transmit and receive antennas to exploit multipath propagation.
  • MIMO provides a practical technique for sending and receiving more than one data signal on the same radio channel at the same time via multipath propagation.
  • Multi-user (MU)-MIMO provides a means for wireless devices to communicate with each other using multiple antennas such that the wireless devices may transmit at the same time and frequency and still be separated by their spatial signatures.
  • an AP may be able to communicate with multiple devices using multiple antennas at the same time to send and receive data.
  • the transmitting device may select the number of spatial streams that may be used for transmitting data to the receiving device.
  • the transmitting device may also determine the number of user specific parts that may be associated with the data to be transmitted. Based at least in part on the number of users and the number of streams, the transmitting device may determine a spatial configuration field that is associated with the number of spatial streams used by one or more user devices.
  • the spatial configuration field may be encoded by the transmitting device in order to notify the receiving device of how the spatial streams are used, to allow the receiving device to determine how the spatial streams were selected by the transmitting device when transmitting the data.
  • the transmitting device may configure the spatial configuration field to indicate that the first user device is utilizing two streams and the second user device is utilizing one stream. It is understood that the transmitting device may select various values for the spatial configuration field to indicate various setups for utilizing the spatial streams when transmitting data.
  • a sector level sweep beamforming is a coarser protocol that may apply to transmit training only or, in case of antenna reciprocity, to both transmit and receive training.
  • data may be transmitted.
  • the sector level sweep beamforming may not be precise and additional refinement may be needed.
  • Beam refinement may be finer and may provide both receive and/or transmit training. Thus, different devices may use one or both BF phases.
  • a TRN field is composed of a number of TRN units.
  • the number of TRN units is defined in the header.
  • the number of TRN units depends on the physical dimensions and the size of the antenna. For example, if an antenna is a small antenna, then it does not require a large number of TRN units in order to train the antenna.
  • TRN units may be used to train a transmit antenna and used to train a receive antenna.
  • TRN-T means TRN transmit units
  • TRN-R means TRN receive units.
  • the TRN-T may be used to train a transmitting device
  • the TRN-R may be used to train a receiving device.
  • the physical structure of the TRN-T and the TRN-R is the same.
  • Channel bonding is when two adjacent channels within a given frequency band are combined to increase throughput between two or more wireless devices. This effectively doubles the amount of available bandwidth.
  • a typical enhanced directional multi-gigabit (EDMG) PPDU frame format may be composed of a legacy preamble, a legacy header, an EDMG-Header-A contains SU-MIMO parameters and carries information required to interpret the EDMG PPDUs, an EDMG short training field (EDMG-STF), an EDMG channel estimation field (EDMG-CEF), an EDMG- Header-B containing MU-MIMO parameters, payload data part and optional automatic gain control (AGC) and beamforming training units (TRNs) appended at the end of the frame.
  • EDMG-STF EDMG short training field
  • EDMG-CEF EDMG channel estimation field
  • TRNs beamforming training units
  • the legacy preamble, legacy header and a new EDMG-Header-A may be transmitted using single-input single-output (SISO) single carrier (SC) PHY modulation.
  • SISO single-input single-output
  • SC single carrier
  • This provides an opportunity for the legacy DMG devices to decode the legacy header and identify (using a signaling bit) that the frame contains the EDMG part not compatible with its implementation. This realizes a backward compatibility requirement.
  • EDMG devices can decode the EDMG-Header-A using SISO SC PHY modulation and extract the required parameters for the MIMO frame reception.
  • the transmission of the rest of the EDMG frame may be done using MIMO modulation.
  • an EDMG PPDU for a single channel (2.16 GHz) transmission for example, a general frame format for the EDMG PPDU 140.
  • the preamble 142 of the EDMG PPDU 140 includes, at least in part, a legacy short training field (L-STF), a legacy channel estimation field (L-CEF), a legacy header (L-Header), a new EDMG-Header-A, an EDMG-STF, an EDMG-CEF, and an EDMG-Header-B.
  • the EDMG PPDU 140 may include a data part, an AGC, and a beamforming training (TRN) field 144.
  • the TRN field 144 may be comprised of one or more TRN units (e.g., TRN unit 1, TRN unit 2, ..., TRN unit n, where n is an integer).
  • a transmit and receive training unit generation system may facilitate the generation of the TRN units for transmission in MIMO over one or more bonded channels and/or over one or more spatial streams. It is understood that the above descriptions are for purposes of illustration and are not meant to be limiting.
  • FIG. 2 depicts an illustrative legacy transmit and receive training (TRN-T/R) unit structure 200 in IEEE 802.1 lad.
  • the one or more fields may include a channel estimation (CE) field 202 and four training (TRN-T/R) subfields (e.g., TRN 204, 206, 208, and, 210).
  • CE channel estimation
  • TRN-T/R training subfields
  • the CE subfield matches the DMG CEF defined as a part of the preamble. It is composed of Gu 512 , Gv 512 , and -Gb 12 8 sequences as follows:
  • TRN#1 ⁇ +Gai 28 , -Gbi 28 , +Ga 128 , +Gb 128 , +Ga 128 ⁇
  • TRN#2 ⁇ +Ga 128 , -Gb 128 , +Ga 128 , +Gb 128 , +Ga 128 ⁇
  • TRN#3 ⁇ +Gai 28 , -Gb i28 , +Ga i28 , +Gb i28 , +Gai 28 ⁇
  • TRN#4 ⁇ +Gai 28 , -Gb i28 , +Ga i28 , +Gb i28 , +Gai 28 ⁇ .
  • the TRN#n is typically used to train an antenna weight vector. That is, each TRN subfield may be used to train an antenna weight vector associated with the antenna.
  • the purpose of the CE field is to track the phase. The CE field is transmitted using the same antenna weight vector as is used for the preamble and the data part of the frame.
  • the beam refinement protocol (BRP) frame may append an arbitrary number of TRN subfields (Nsf), which is defined in header at the beginning of the packet.
  • the channel estimation subfield CE should be transmitted applying the same Antenna Weight Vector (AWV) settings as for the preamble, the header, and the data parts of the frame.
  • ADV Antenna Weight Vector
  • FIG. 3 depicts an illustrative diagram of a transmit and receive training (TRN- T/R) unit structure, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • an AP 302 performing a MIMO communication, such that the AP may utilize one or more streams and/or one or more bonded channels to communicate with one or more user devices (e.g., user devices 322, 324, and 326).
  • the AP 302 may send one or more training subfields in an EDMG PPDU over one or more spatial streams (e.g., Stream 1, Stream 2,..., Stream i, where i is a positive integer).
  • a transmit and receive training unit generation system may extend the legacy SISO single channel solution to MIMO and channel bonding cases. That is, in an MIMO case, one or more EDMG PPDUs may be sent on one or more spatial streams.
  • the EDMG TRN-T/R unit 304 is shown for an i* spatial stream of one or more streams in an MIMO communication.
  • the EDMG TRN-T/R unit 304 may be composed of M TRN subfields, where M may be a fixed positive integer number.
  • M may be a fixed positive integer number.
  • the EDMG TRN-T/R unit 304 does not need a channel estimation field.
  • the reason that the CE field is not needed in the EDMG TRN-T/R unit 304 is because one of the TRN subfields may be used instead of the CE for the purpose of tracking.
  • the IEEE 802.1 lad only supports a single stream and must have a CE field in addition to only four training fields in a TRN-TR subfield.
  • the EDMG TRN-T/R unit 304 is not limited by four TRN subfields, as is the legacy TRN-T/R unit.
  • the EDMG TRN subfields for the MIMO case are defined based on an orthogonal matrix P.
  • Training fields of each data stream (also referred to as a channel) are sent over orthogonal resources separable in time, frequency, and code sequence domains in order to achieve the orthogonality between the training symbols.
  • An orthogonal matrix such as the P matrix may be applied to the training symbols for a given group of user devices, which may result in training symbols that are separated and easier to distinguish.
  • An orthogonal matrix such as the P matrix may have a size M elements by N elements. For example, interferences between the symbols may be mitigated by utilizing the orthogonality feature of the training symbols that have been converted using a P matrix.
  • the basic TRN subfield may be defined as follows:
  • TRN'basic ⁇ Ga ⁇ , -Gb ⁇ , Ga ⁇ , GW N , Ga ⁇ , -Gb ⁇ , where i is an integer defining the 1 TH spatial stream index, and where N indicates the number of +1 or -1 used in the particular Golay sequence. It should be noted that in this case a particular TRN subfield for a particular spatial stream includes six Golay sequences compared to five Golay sequences in the legacy TRN subfield.
  • TRN'basic ⁇ Ga ⁇ , Gu Gv -Gb' N ⁇ ;
  • the TRN subfield for i ,h spatial stream is defined as:
  • TRN' ⁇ +TRN' basic , -TRN' basic , +TRN basic? -TRN' bas ic ⁇ , i - 3, 4;
  • the P matrix can be defined as a Hadamard matrix as follows:
  • the (Ga' N , Gb' N ) defines a Golay complementary pair for the i* stream of length
  • Each stream has a different Golay pair (Ga , Gb' N ).
  • N NCB * 256.
  • the first one or two TRN subfields may be used for channel estimation purposes.
  • the first 1 or 2 TRN subfields utilized for CE purposes should keep the same AWV vector as for the preamble, the header, and the data parts of the frame.
  • Two TRN units may be used for CE purposes for the number of spatial streams NSS > 4.
  • two TRN subfields may be defined for CE purposes regardless of the number of spatial streams NSS.
  • the value of the DK vector for each of the EDMG sequences may be as follows
  • D K [1 8 2 4 16 32 64]
  • the value of the WK vector may depend on spatial stream number used to define the Golay pair (Ga , Gb ) for the i* stream.
  • Table 1A, 2B and 2C show the value of the WK vector defined for each spatial stream and corresponding sequence length.
  • Table 1A WK vector value to generate Golay sequences 64, 128, 256, and 512:
  • the Golay sequences of length 768 use a quadri-phase complex Golay complementary pair and are generated using the following recursive procedure, where i is the index of the stream number:
  • Ga3 [+1, +1, -1]
  • Gb3 [+1, +j, +1]
  • Bk(n) WkAk-l(n) - Bk-l(n-Dk)
  • the value of the WK vector depends on the spatial stream number used to define the Golay pair (Ga , Gb ) for i-th stream.
  • Table 2B shows the value of the WK vector defined for each spatial stream. [00112]
  • Golay sequences of length 1024 are generated, in one example, using the procedure and notation specified in the legacy Had standard.
  • D K [1 8 2 4 16 32 64 128 256 512];
  • the value of the W K vector depends on the spatial stream number used to define the Golay pair (Ga , Gb ) for i-th stream.
  • Table 2C shows the value of the W K vector defined for each spatial stream and corresponding sequence length. [00116]
  • the Golay sequences of length 192, and 384 may use a quadri-phase complex Golay complementary pair and may be generated using the following recursive procedure, where i is the index of the stream number:
  • Ga3 [+1, +1, -1]
  • Gb3 [+1, +j, +1]
  • Bk(n) WkAk-l(n) - Bk-l(n-Dk)
  • the value of the WK vector may depend spatial stream number used to define the Golay pair (Ga , Gb ) for the 1 TH stream.
  • Table 3 shows the value of the WK vector defined for each spatial stream.
  • FIG. 4 depicts a flow diagram of an illustrative process 400 for a transmit and receive training unit generation system, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • a device may determine a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) frame comprising at least in part a training field, the training field comprising one or more training units, each training unit comprising one or more training subfields.
  • MIMO multiple-input multiple-output
  • an EDMG transmit and receive training (TRN-T/R) unit may be composed of M TRN subfields, where M can be a fixed positive integer number. With this design, the EDMG TRN-T/R unit does not need a channel estimation field.
  • the CE field is not needed in the EDMG TRN-T/R unit is because one of the TRN subfields may be used instead of the CE for the purpose of tracking.
  • the IEEE 802.1 lad only supports a single stream and must have a CE field in addition to only four training fields in a TRN-TR subfield.
  • the EDMG TRN- T/R unit is not limited by four TRN subfields, as is the legacy TRN-T/R unit.
  • the device may determine one or more Golay sequences associated with each of the one or more training units; for example, design of an EDMG TRN-T/R unit for beam refinement protocol (BRP) in the case of MIMO and channel bonding transmission for a single carrier (SC) PHY.
  • the design may utilize Golay complementary sequences Ga/Gb.
  • a Golay generator can generate Golay complementary sequences (Ga, Gb) which can be modulated and transmitted, for example, using a modulator.
  • the modulator may be, for example, an OFDM modulator, a single carrier modulator, and the like.
  • a Golay generator can generate the complementary sequences.
  • a Golay complementary sequence may designated as (Gai 28 , Gbns). That is, Gai 28 and Gb ⁇ s may each be composed of 128 digits of +1 or -1. It should be understood that these sequences are designed and may allow estimation of channel impulse responses. These sequences may be fixed and may be defined in the standard and implemented in the hardware.
  • the device may cause to send the MIMO frame using one or more spatial streams of one or more bonded communication channels to one or more first devices.
  • the EDMG TRN (for transmit and receive (T/R)) units may be defined for multiple spatial streams that may be used to communicate with a device. Additionally, TRN units are defined for channel bonding transmission such that TRN units may be defined for each bonded channel. It is understood that the above descriptions are for purposes of illustration and are not meant to be limiting.
  • FIG. 5 shows a functional diagram of an exemplary communication station 500 in accordance with some embodiments.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a functional block diagram of a communication station that may be suitable for use as an AP 102 (FIG. 1) or user device 120 (FIG. 1) in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the communication station 500 may also be suitable for use as a handheld device, a mobile device, a cellular telephone, a smartphone, a tablet, a netbook, a wireless terminal, a laptop computer, a wearable computer device, a femtocell, a high data rate (HDR) subscriber station, an access point, an access terminal, or other personal communication system (PCS) device.
  • HDR high data rate
  • the communication station 500 may include communications circuitry 502 and a transceiver 510 for transmitting and receiving signals to and from other communication stations using one or more antennas 501.
  • the transceiver 510 may be a device comprising both a transmitter and a receiver that are combined and share common circuitry (e.g., communication circuitry 502).
  • the communication circuitry 502 may include amplifiers, filters, mixers, analog to digital and/or digital to analog converters.
  • the transceiver 510 may transmit and receive analog or digital signals.
  • the transceiver 510 may allow reception of signals during transmission periods. This mode is known as full-duplex, and may require the transmitter and receiver to operate on different frequencies to minimize interference between the transmitted signal and the received signal.
  • the transceiver 510 may operate in a half- duplex mode, where the transceiver 510 may transmit or receive signals in one direction at a time.
  • the communications circuitry 502 may include circuitry that can operate the physical layer (PHY) communications and/or media access control (MAC) communications for controlling access to the wireless medium, and/or any other communications layers for transmitting and receiving signals.
  • the communication station 500 may also include processing circuitry 506 and memory 508 arranged to perform the operations described herein. In some embodiments, the communications circuitry 502 and the processing circuitry 506 may be configured to perform operations detailed in detailed in FIGs. 1-4.
  • the communications circuitry 502 may be arranged to contend for a wireless medium and configure frames or packets for communicating over the wireless medium.
  • the communications circuitry 502 may be arranged to transmit and receive signals.
  • the communications circuitry 502 may also include circuitry for modulation/demodulation, upconversion/downconversion, filtering, amplification, etc.
  • the processing circuitry 506 of the communication station 500 may include one or more processors.
  • two or more antennas 501 may be coupled to the communications circuitry 502 arranged for sending and receiving signals.
  • the memory 508 may store information for configuring the processing circuitry 506 to perform operations for configuring and transmitting message frames and performing the various operations described herein.
  • the memory 508 may include any type of memory, including non-transitory memory, for storing information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer).
  • the memory 508 may include a computer-readable storage device, read-only memory (ROM), random- access memory (RAM), magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, flash-memory devices and other storage devices and media.
  • the communication station 500 may be part of a portable wireless communication device, such as a personal digital assistant (PDA), a laptop or portable computer with wireless communication capability, a web tablet, a wireless telephone, a smartphone, a wireless headset, a pager, an instant messaging device, a digital camera, an access point, a television, a medical device (e.g., a heart rate monitor, a blood pressure monitor, etc.), a wearable computer device, or another device that may receive and/or transmit information wirelessly.
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • laptop or portable computer with wireless communication capability such as a personal digital assistant (PDA), a laptop or portable computer with wireless communication capability, a web tablet, a wireless telephone, a smartphone, a wireless headset, a pager, an instant messaging device, a digital camera, an access point, a television, a medical device (e.g., a heart rate monitor, a blood pressure monitor, etc.), a wearable computer device, or another device that may receive and/or transmit information wirelessly.
  • the communication station 500 may include one or more antennas 501.
  • the antennas 501 may include one or more directional or omnidirectional antennas, including, for example, dipole antennas, monopole antennas, patch antennas, loop antennas, microstrip antennas, or other types of antennas suitable for transmission of RF signals.
  • a single antenna with multiple apertures may be used instead of two or more antennas.
  • each aperture may be considered a separate antenna.
  • MIMO multiple-input multiple-output
  • the antennas may be effectively separated for spatial diversity and the different channel characteristics that may result between each of the antennas and the antennas of a transmitting station.
  • the communication station 500 may include one or more of a keyboard, a display, a non-volatile memory port, multiple antennas, a graphics processor, an application processor, speakers, and other mobile device elements.
  • the display may be an LCD screen including a touch screen.
  • the communication station 500 is illustrated as having several separate functional elements, two or more of the functional elements may be combined and may be implemented by combinations of software-configured elements, such as processing elements including digital signal processors (DSPs), and/or other hardware elements.
  • processing elements including digital signal processors (DSPs), and/or other hardware elements.
  • DSPs digital signal processors
  • some elements may include one or more microprocessors, DSPs, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), radio-frequency integrated circuits (RFICs) and combinations of various hardware and logic circuitry for performing at least the functions described herein.
  • the functional elements of the communication station 500 may refer to one or more processes operating on one or more processing elements.
  • Certain embodiments may be implemented in one or a combination of hardware, firmware, and software. Other embodiments may also be implemented as instructions stored on a computer-readable storage device, which may be read and executed by at least one processor to perform the operations described herein.
  • a computer-readable storage device may include any non-transitory memory mechanism for storing information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer).
  • a computer-readable storage device may include read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory (RAM), magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, flash- memory devices, and other storage devices and media.
  • the communication station 500 may include one or more processors and may be configured with instructions stored on a computer-readable storage device memory.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a block diagram of an example of a machine 600 or system upon which any one or more of the techniques (e.g., methodologies) discussed herein may be performed.
  • the machine 600 may operate as a standalone device or may be connected (e.g., networked) to other machines.
  • the machine 600 may operate in the capacity of a server machine, a client machine, or both in server-client network environments.
  • the machine 600 may act as a peer machine in peer-to-peer (P2P) (or other distributed) network environments.
  • P2P peer-to-peer
  • the machine 600 may be a personal computer (PC), a tablet PC, a set-top box (STB), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a mobile telephone, a wearable computer device, a web appliance, a network router, a switch or bridge, or any machine capable of executing instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine, such as a base station.
  • PC personal computer
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • STB set-top box
  • mobile telephone a wearable computer device
  • web appliance e.g., a web appliance
  • network router e.g., a router, or bridge
  • switch or bridge any machine capable of executing instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine, such as a base station.
  • machine shall also be taken to include any collection of machines that individually or jointly execute a set (or multiple sets) of instructions to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein, such as cloud computing, software as a service (SaaS), or other computer
  • Examples, as described herein, may include or may operate on logic or a number of components, modules, or mechanisms.
  • Modules are tangible entities (e.g., hardware) capable of performing specified operations when operating.
  • a module includes hardware.
  • the hardware may be specifically configured to carry out a specific operation (e.g., hardwired).
  • the hardware may include configurable execution units (e.g., transistors, circuits, etc.) and a computer readable medium containing instructions where the instructions configure the execution units to carry out a specific operation when in operation. The configuring may occur under the direction of the executions units or a loading mechanism. Accordingly, the execution units are communicatively coupled to the computer- readable medium when the device is operating.
  • the execution units may be a member of more than one module.
  • the execution units may be configured by a first set of instructions to implement a first module at one point in time and reconfigured by a second set of instructions to implement a second module at a second point in time.
  • the machine 600 may include a hardware processor 602 (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a hardware processor core, or any combination thereof), a main memory 604 and a static memory 606, some or all of which may communicate with each other via an interlink (e.g., bus) 608.
  • the machine 600 may further include a power management device 632, a graphics display device 610, an alphanumeric input device 612 (e.g., a keyboard), and a user interface (UI) navigation device 614 (e.g., a mouse).
  • a hardware processor 602 e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a hardware processor core, or any combination thereof
  • main memory 604 e.g., main memory
  • static memory 606 e.g., static memory
  • the machine 600 may further include a power management device 632, a graphics display device 610, an alphanumeric input device 612 (e.
  • the graphics display device 610, alphanumeric input device 612, and UI navigation device 614 may be a touch screen display.
  • the machine 600 may additionally include a storage device (i.e., drive unit) 616, a signal generation device 618 (e.g., a speaker), a transmit and receive training units generation device 619, a network interface device/transceiver 620 coupled to antenna(s) 630, and one or more sensors 628, such as a global positioning system (GPS) sensor, a compass, an accelerometer, or other sensor.
  • GPS global positioning system
  • the machine 600 may include an output controller 634, such as a serial (e.g., universal serial bus (USB), parallel, or other wired or wireless (e.g., infrared (IR), near field communication (NFC), etc.) connection to communicate with or control one or more peripheral devices (e.g., a printer, a card reader, etc.)).
  • a serial e.g., universal serial bus (USB), parallel, or other wired or wireless (e.g., infrared (IR), near field communication (NFC), etc.) connection to communicate with or control one or more peripheral devices (e.g., a printer, a card reader, etc.)).
  • USB universal serial bus
  • IR infrared
  • NFC near field communication
  • the storage device 616 may include a machine readable medium 622 on which is stored one or more sets of data structures or instructions 624 (e.g., software) embodying or utilized by any one or more of the techniques or functions described herein.
  • the instructions 624 may also reside, completely or at least partially, within the main memory 604, within the static memory 606, or within the hardware processor 602 during execution thereof by the machine 600.
  • one or any combination of the hardware processor 602, the main memory 604, the static memory 606, or the storage device 616 may constitute machine- readable media.
  • the transmit and receive training unit generation device 619 may carry out or perform any of the operations and processes (e.g., the process 400) described and shown above.
  • the transmit and receive training unit generation device 619 may include a Golay generator that can generate Golay complementary sequences (Ga, Gb) which can be modulated and transmitted, for example, using a modulator.
  • the modulator may be, for example, an OFDM modulator, a single carrier modulator, and the like.
  • a Golay generator can generate the complementary sequences.
  • the transmit and receive training unit generation device 619 may provide a design of EDMG transmit and receive training (TRN-T and TRN-R) units for beam refinement protocol (BRP) in the case of MIMO and channel bonding transmission for a single carrier (SC) PHY.
  • the design may utilize Golay complementary sequences Ga/Gb.
  • the transmit and receive training unit generation device 619 may allow channel impulse response (CIR) estimation in time domain per spatial stream.
  • CIR channel impulse response
  • the transmit and receive training unit generation device 619 may determine the TRN-T/R units up to 8 spatial streams. However, it can be extended to an arbitrary number of spatial streams (NSS).
  • the transmit and receive training unit generation device 619 may be based on an EDMG-CEF definition.
  • the transmit and receive training unit generation system may facilitate the usage of TRN subfield(s) as a unit rather than Golay sequence(s).
  • machine -readable medium 622 is illustrated as a single medium, the term “machine -readable medium” may include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers) configured to store the one or more instructions 624.
  • machine -readable medium may include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers) configured to store the one or more instructions 624.
  • Various embodiments may be implemented fully or partially in software and/or firmware.
  • This software and/or firmware may take the form of instructions contained in or on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. Those instructions may then be read and executed by one or more processors to enable performance of the operations described herein.
  • the instructions may be in any suitable form, such as but not limited to source code, compiled code, interpreted code, executable code, static code, dynamic code, and the like.
  • Such a computer-readable medium may include any tangible non-transitory medium for storing information in a form readable by one or more computers, such as but not limited to read only memory (ROM); random access memory (RAM); magnetic disk storage media; optical storage media; a flash memory, etc.
  • machine-readable medium may include any medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution by the machine 600 and that cause the machine 600 to perform any one or more of the techniques of the present disclosure, or that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying data structures used by or associated with such instructions.
  • Non-limiting machine-readable medium examples may include solid-state memories and optical and magnetic media.
  • a massed machine-readable medium includes a machine-readable medium with a plurality of particles having resting mass.
  • massed machine-readable media may include non-volatile memory, such as semiconductor memory devices (e.g., electrically programmable read-only memory (EPROM), or electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM)) and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; and CD-ROM and DVD- ROM disks.
  • semiconductor memory devices e.g., electrically programmable read-only memory (EPROM), or electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM)
  • EPROM electrically programmable read-only memory
  • EEPROM electrically erasable programmable read-only memory
  • the instructions 624 may further be transmitted or received over a communications network 626 using a transmission medium via the network interface device/transceiver 620 utilizing any one of a number of transfer protocols (e.g., frame relay, internet protocol (IP), transmission control protocol (TCP), user datagram protocol (UDP), hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), etc.).
  • transfer protocols e.g., frame relay, internet protocol (IP), transmission control protocol (TCP), user datagram protocol (UDP), hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), etc.
  • Example communications networks may include a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a packet data network (e.g., the Internet), mobile telephone networks (e.g., cellular networks), plain old telephone (POTS) networks, wireless data networks (e.g., Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 family of standards known as Wi-Fi®, IEEE 802.16 family of standards known as WiMax®), IEEE 802.15.4 family of standards, and peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, among others.
  • the network interface device/transceiver 620 may include one or more physical jacks (e.g., Ethernet, coaxial, or phone jacks) or one or more antennas to connect to the communications network 626.
  • the network interface device/transceiver 620 may include a plurality of antennas to wirelessly communicate using at least one of single-input multiple-output (SIMO), multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), or multiple-input single-output (MISO) techniques.
  • transmission medium shall be taken to include any intangible medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution by the machine 600 and includes digital or analog communications signals or other intangible media to facilitate communication of such software.
  • the operations and processes described and shown above may be carried out or performed in any suitable order as desired in various implementations. Additionally, in certain implementations, at least a portion of the operations may be carried out in parallel. Furthermore, in certain implementations, less than or more than the operations described may be performed.
  • the word "exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any embodiment described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments.
  • the terms “computing device,” “user device,” “communication station,” “station,” “handheld device,” “mobile device,” “wireless device” and “user equipment” (UE) as used herein refers to a wireless communication device such as a cellular telephone, a smartphone, a tablet, a netbook, a wireless terminal, a laptop computer, a femtocell, a high data rate (HDR) subscriber station, an access point, a printer, a point of sale device, an access terminal, or other personal communication system (PCS) device.
  • the device may be either mobile or stationary.
  • the term "communicate” is intended to include transmitting, or receiving, or both transmitting and receiving. This may be particularly useful in claims when describing the organization of data that is being transmitted by one device and received by another, but only the functionality of one of those devices is required to infringe the claim. Similarly, the bidirectional exchange of data between two devices (both devices transmit and receive during the exchange) may be described as “communicating,” when only the functionality of one of those devices is being claimed.
  • the term “communicating” as used herein with respect to a wireless communication signal includes transmitting the wireless communication signal and/or receiving the wireless communication signal.
  • a wireless communication unit which is capable of communicating a wireless communication signal, may include a wireless transmitter to transmit the wireless communication signal to at least one other wireless communication unit, and/or a wireless communication receiver to receive the wireless communication signal from at least one other wireless communication unit.
  • the term "access point" (AP) as used herein may be a fixed station.
  • An access point may also be referred to as an access node, a base station, or some other similar terminology known in the art.
  • An access terminal may also be called a mobile station, user equipment (UE), a wireless communication device, or some other similar terminology known in the art.
  • Embodiments disclosed herein generally pertain to wireless networks. Some embodiments may relate to wireless networks that operate in accordance with one of the IEEE 802.11 standards.
  • a personal computer PC
  • a desktop computer a mobile computer
  • a laptop computer a notebook computer
  • a tablet computer a server computer
  • a handheld computer a handheld device
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • a handheld PDA device an onboard device, an off-board device, a hybrid device, a vehicular device, a non-vehicular device, a mobile or portable device, a consumer device, a non-mobile or non-portable device, a wireless communication station, a wireless communication device, a wireless access point (AP), a wired or wireless router, a wired or wireless modem, a video device, an audio device, an audio- video (A/V) device, a wired or wireless network, a wireless area network, a wireless video area network (WVAN), a local area network (LAN), a wireless LAN (WLAN), a personal area network (PAN), a wireless PAN
  • Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one way and/or two-way radio communication systems, cellular radio-telephone communication systems, a mobile phone, a cellular telephone, a wireless telephone, a personal communication system (PCS) device, a PDA device which incorporates a wireless communication device, a mobile or portable global positioning system (GPS) device, a device which incorporates a GPS receiver or transceiver or chip, a device which incorporates an RFID element or chip, a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) transceiver or device, a single input multiple output (SIMO) transceiver or device, a multiple input single output (MISO) transceiver or device, a device having one or more internal antennas and/or external antennas, digital video broadcast (DVB) devices or systems, multi-standard radio devices or systems, a wired or wireless handheld device, e.g., a smartphone, a wireless application protocol (WAP) device, or the like.
  • WAP wireless application protocol
  • Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one or more types of wireless communication signals and/or systems following one or more wireless communication protocols, for example, radio frequency (RF), infrared (IR), frequency- division multiplexing (FDM), orthogonal FDM (OFDM), time-division multiplexing (TDM), time-division multiple access (TDMA), extended TDMA (E-TDMA), general packet radio service (GPRS), extended GPRS, code-division multiple access (CDMA), wideband CDMA (WCDMA), CDMA 2000, single-carrier CDMA, multi-carrier CDMA, multi-carrier modulation (MDM), discrete multi-tone (DMT), Bluetooth®, global positioning system (GPS), Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, ZigBee, ultra-wideband (UWB), global system for mobile communications (GSM), 2G, 2.5G, 3G, 3.5G, 4G, fifth generation (5G) mobile networks, 3GPP, long term evolution (LTE), LTE advanced, enhanced data rates for
  • the device may include memory and processing circuitry configured to determine a multiple- input multiple-output (MIMO) frame may include a training field, the training field may include one or more training units, a first training unit of the one or more training units may include one or more training subfields.
  • the processing circuitry may be further configured to determine one or more Golay sequences associated with the first training unit.
  • the processing circuitry may be further configured to cause to send the MIMO frame using one or more spatial streams of one or more bonded communication channels to one or more first devices.
  • the implementations may include one or more of the following features.
  • the first training unit is at least one of a transmit training unit or a receive training unit.
  • the training field is configured for a beam refinement protocol associated with an MIMO communication to the one or more first devices.
  • the training field is an enhanced directional multi gigabit (EDMG) training field.
  • a length of the Golay sequences is associated with a number of the one or more spatial streams or a number of the one or more bonded communication channels.
  • a first training subfield of the one or more training subfields comprises six Golay sequences for a first spatial stream of the one or more spatial streams or a first bonded communication channel of the one or more bonded communication channels.
  • the processing circuitry may be further configured to determine the number of the one or more spatial streams is one or two spatial streams.
  • the processing circuitry may be further configured to determine the number of the one or more spatial streams less than or equal to four.
  • the processing circuitry may be further configured to determine the number of the one or more spatial streams less than or equal to eight.
  • TRN 1 "TRN basic, -TRN'basic,
  • the device may further include a transceiver configured to transmit and receive wireless signals.
  • the device may further include one or more antennas coupled to the transceiver.
  • a non- transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations.
  • the operations may include determining a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) frame may include at least in part a training field, the training field may include one or more training units, wherein a first training unit of the one or more training units may include one or more training subfields.
  • the operations may include determining one or more Golay sequences associated with the first training unit.
  • the operations may include causing to send the MIMO frame using one or more spatial streams of one or more bonded communication channels to one or more devices.
  • MIMO multiple-input multiple-output
  • a length of the Golay sequences is associated with a number of the one or more spatial streams or a number of the one or more bonded communication channels.
  • the transmit and receive training field is configured for a beam refinement protocol for a multiple-input and multiple- output (MIMO) communication with the one or more first devices.
  • a first training subfield of the one or more training subfields comprises six Golay sequences for a first spatial stream of the one or more spatial streams or a first bonded communication channel of the one or more bonded communication channels.
  • the signs of the TRN' bas i c associated with each of the TRN subfields are defined in accordance with elements of an orthogonal matrix.
  • a method may include determining, by one or more processors, a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) frame may include at least in part a training field, the training field may include one or more training units, wherein a first training unit of the one or more training units may include one or more training subfields.
  • the method may include determining one or more Golay sequences associated with the first training unit.
  • the method may include causing to send the MIMO frame using one or more spatial streams of one or more bonded communication channels to one or more devices.
  • the implementations may include one or more of the following features.
  • the first training unit is at least one of a transmit training unit or a receive training unit.
  • the training field is configured for a beam refinement protocol associated with an MIMO communication to the one or more first devices.
  • the training field is an enhanced directional multi gigabit (EDMG) training field.
  • a length of the Golay sequences is associated with a number of the one or more spatial streams or a number of the one or more bonded communication channels.
  • a first training subfield of the one or more training subfields comprises six Golay sequences for a first spatial stream of the one or more spatial streams or a first bonded communication channel of the one or more bonded communication channels.
  • the method may further include determining the number of the one or more spatial streams is one or two spatial streams.
  • the method may further include determining the number of the one or more spatial streams less than or equal to four.
  • the method may further include determining the number of the one or more spatial streams less than or equal to eight.
  • the Signs Of the TRN basic associated with each of the TRN subfields are defined in accordance with elements of an orthogonal matrix.
  • the apparatus may includemeans for determining, by one or more processors, a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) frame may include at least in part a training field, the training field may include one or more training units, wherein a first training unit of the one or more training units may include one or more training subfields.
  • the apparatus may include means for determining one or more Golay sequences associated with the first training unit.
  • the apparatus may include means for causing to send the MIMO frame using one or more spatial streams of one or more bonded communication channels to one or more devices.
  • the implementations may include one or more of the following features.
  • the first training unit is at least one of a transmit training unit or a receive training unit.
  • the training field is configured for a beam refinement protocol associated with an MIMO communication to the one or more first devices.
  • the training field is an enhanced directional multi gigabit (EDMG) training field.
  • a length of the Golay sequences is associated with a number of the one or more spatial streams or a number of the one or more bonded communication channels.
  • a first training subfield of the one or more training subfields comprises six Golay sequences for a first spatial stream of the one or more spatial streams or a first bonded communication channel of the one or more bonded communication channels.
  • the apparatus may further include means for determining the number of the one or more spatial streams less than or equal to four.
  • the apparatus may further include means for determining the number of the one or more spatial streams less than or equal to eight.
  • the signs of the TRN'basic associated with each of the TRN subfields are defined in accordance with elements of an orthogonal matrix.
  • These computer-executable program instructions may be loaded onto a special- purpose computer or other particular machine, a processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a particular machine, such that the instructions that execute on the computer, processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus create means for implementing one or more functions specified in the flow diagram block or blocks.
  • These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage media or memory that may direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage media produce an article of manufacture including instruction means that implement one or more functions specified in the flow diagram block or blocks.
  • certain implementations may provide for a computer program product, comprising a computer- readable storage medium having a computer-readable program code or program instructions implemented therein, said computer-readable program code adapted to be executed to implement one or more functions specified in the flow diagram block or blocks.
  • the computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational elements or steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer-implemented process such that the instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide elements or steps for implementing the functions specified in the flow diagram block or blocks.
  • blocks of the block diagrams and flow diagrams support combinations of means for performing the specified functions, combinations of elements or steps for performing the specified functions and program instruction means for performing the specified functions. It will also be understood that each block of the block diagrams and flow diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and flow diagrams, may be implemented by special-purpose, hardware-based computer systems that perform the specified functions, elements or steps, or combinations of special-purpose hardware and computer instructions.
  • Conditional language such as, among others, “can,” “could,” “might,” or “may,” unless specifically stated otherwise, or otherwise understood within the context as used, is generally intended to convey that certain implementations could include, while other implementations do not include, certain features, elements, and/or operations. Thus, such conditional language is not generally intended to imply that features, elements, and/or operations are in any way required for one or more implementations or that one or more implementations necessarily include logic for deciding, with or without user input or prompting, whether these features, elements, and/or operations are included or are to be performed in any particular implementation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Discrete Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Radio Transmission System (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne des systèmes, des procédés et des dispositifs liés à la génération d'une unité d'apprentissage de transmission et de réception. Un dispositif peut déterminer une trame à entrée multiple sortie multiple (MIMO) comprenant au moins en partie un champ d'apprentissage, le champ d'apprentissage comprenant une ou plusieurs unités d'apprentissage, chaque unité d'apprentissage comprenant un ou plusieurs sous-champs d'apprentissage. Le dispositif peut déterminer une ou plusieurs séquences de Golay associées à chacune de la ou des unités d'apprentissage. Le dispositif peut provoquer l'envoi de la trame MIMO, à l'aide d'un ou plusieurs flux spatiaux d'un ou plusieurs canaux de communication liés, à un ou plusieurs premiers dispositifs.
PCT/US2017/053683 2016-11-02 2017-09-27 Génération d'unité d'apprentissage pour couche physique à porteuse unique WO2018084963A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

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US201662416242P 2016-11-02 2016-11-02
US62/416,242 2016-11-02
US201762449903P 2017-01-24 2017-01-24
US62/449,903 2017-01-24
US201762452041P 2017-01-30 2017-01-30
US62/452,041 2017-01-30

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