WO2018082001A1 - 新型顶燃热风炉 - Google Patents

新型顶燃热风炉 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018082001A1
WO2018082001A1 PCT/CN2016/104518 CN2016104518W WO2018082001A1 WO 2018082001 A1 WO2018082001 A1 WO 2018082001A1 CN 2016104518 W CN2016104518 W CN 2016104518W WO 2018082001 A1 WO2018082001 A1 WO 2018082001A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gas
wall
air
hot blast
nozzle
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Application number
PCT/CN2016/104518
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李富朝
Original Assignee
郑州安耐克实业有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 郑州安耐克实业有限公司 filed Critical 郑州安耐克实业有限公司
Priority to UAU201906142U priority Critical patent/UA140029U/uk
Priority to CN201680080677.8A priority patent/CN108603660B/zh
Priority to RU2019117174U priority patent/RU193758U1/ru
Priority to PCT/CN2016/104518 priority patent/WO2018082001A1/zh
Priority to JP2019600122U priority patent/JP3223816U/ja
Publication of WO2018082001A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018082001A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B9/00—Stoves for heating the blast in blast furnaces
    • C21B9/02—Brick hot-blast stoves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/62—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of metallurgy and thermal energy engineering; in particular, a novel top-fired hot air furnace for heating blast or other gaseous medium to a certain temperature.
  • the blast furnace hot blast stove is a facility that supplies hot air to the smelting blast furnace.
  • the working principle is that high temperature flue gas is generated by combusting gas through the burner of the hot blast stove, and the regenerator in the hot blast stove is heated and stored, and then the cold blast enters the hot blast stove from the lower part of the hot blast stove, and is gradually being raised during the ascending process.
  • the regenerator is heated to form a high temperature blast.
  • the high-temperature blast enters the hot air main pipe through the hot air outlet and the hot air branch pipe, and is sent to the blast furnace for the pig iron smelting process.
  • the hot blast stove can be divided into various structural forms such as an internal combustion type hot blast stove, an external combustion type hot blast stove and a top combustion type hot blast stove.
  • the top-fired hot blast stove has been rapidly promoted at home and abroad because of its advantages.
  • top-fired hot blast stoves The following types of top-fired hot blast stoves are available: large hat premix burner type top-fired hot blast stove (Shougang type), small hat Sleeve premixed multi-burner type top-fired hot blast stove (bearing steel type), Russia Kalugin small hat pre-combustion chamber, swirling combustion type top-fired hot blast stove, and imitation Kaiserin top-fired hot blast stove.
  • large hat premix burner type top-fired hot blast stove Shougang type
  • small hat Sleeve premixed multi-burner type top-fired hot blast stove bearing steel type
  • Russia Kalugin small hat pre-combustion chamber the following types of top-fired hot blast stoves are available: large hat premix burner type top-fired hot blast stove (Shougang type), small hat Sleeve premixed multi-burner type top-fired hot blast stove (bearing steel type), Russia Kalugin small hat pre-combustion chamber, swirling combustion type top-fire
  • the invention has been successfully developed with a top-fired hot blast stove structure and an air and gas mixing mode, in order to create a new type of top-fired hot blast stove, which solves the shortcomings, defects and drawbacks of the prior art and the current state, so that To achieve more practical and better use, and to improve the technical level of the top-fired hot blast stove.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a novel top-fired hot blast stove, which adopts "multi-stage longitudinal stress buffer structure”, “multi-stage composite top structure + air, gas swirl high-speed jet three-dimensional hybrid structure", “high-efficiency heat storage body”, and improves existing
  • the structure of the top-fired hot blast stove and the air and gas mixing mode make the gas fully burn, reduce gas consumption, reduce carbon emissions, and achieve energy saving and emission reduction.
  • a novel top-fired hot blast stove comprising a mixing chamber, a combustion chamber and a regenerator, a throat guiding device between the combustion chamber and the mixing chamber, and a wall of the mixing chamber It consists of the upper cone top wall and the lower column wall, outside the column wall It has an air inlet and a gas inlet outside the top wall of the cone;
  • the wall of the column chamber is vertically disposed for installing a plurality of air flow passages for rotating the air upwardly, and the diameters of the circulating cyclones formed by the air flow passages of the respective layers are equal;
  • the top wall of the cone is conical, and is used for A multi-layer gas flow passage for rotating the gas downwardly is installed, and the diameters of the cyclone swirls formed by the gas passages of the respective layers are different, the diameter of the bottom circulation cyclone is larger than the diameter of the upper circulation cyclone, and the gas flow passage is ejected.
  • the gas velocity is greater than the velocity of the gas stream ejected by the air channel, so that the gas and the air form a multi-layer concentric mixture of different diameters in the mixing chamber and then enter the combustion chamber to burn;
  • the top wall of the cone is composed of a gas nozzle wall of the inner layer and a gas outer ring wall of the outer layer, and the gas nozzle wall and the outer gas wall of the gas are spaced apart, and the gas is formed between the gas nozzle wall and the gas outer ring wall.
  • the gas ring connecting the inlet has a multi-layer gas flow channel on the gas spout wall, and a plurality of gas spouts are arranged on each gas chute, and the gas spout is inclined downward from the inner circular wall to the outer circular wall. -45 ⁇ to form a spurted gas to rotate in a layered downward movement in the mixing chamber;
  • the wall of the column cavity is composed of an air nozzle wall of the inner layer and an outer air ring wall of the outer layer, and the air nozzle wall and the outer air ring wall are spaced apart, and the air is formed between the air nozzle wall and the air outer ring wall.
  • the air circulation channel connected to the inlet is provided with a plurality of air flow passages on the air nozzle wall, and each air flow passage is provided with a plurality of air nozzles, and the air nozzles are horizontally disposed or inclined upward from the inner circular wall to the outer circular wall to Forming the jetted air to rotate upward in the mixing chamber;
  • the top end of the wall of the column chamber is provided with an annular baffle reinforcing plate, and the choke reinforcing plate is connected with the top wall of the cone to form an isolation between the air ring and the gas ring.
  • the gas nozzle on the top wall of the cone is inclined downwardly at an angle of 45 ⁇ ; the air vent on the wall of the cylinder is inclined upward by an angle of 30 ⁇ ;
  • the gas nozzle wall and the air nozzle wall are formed by pouring, and the gas outer ring wall and the air outer ring wall are formed by masonry.
  • the gas inlet, the gas nozzle, the air inlet and the air nozzle are integrally casted.
  • the upper edge of the throat deflector forms a slope that slopes toward the direction of the combustion chamber.
  • An annular brick support supported on the furnace shell is arranged between the mixing chamber and the combustion chamber and between the combustion chamber and the regenerator, respectively, supporting the mixing chamber and the wall of the combustion chamber, and the mixing chamber and the combustion chamber
  • An expansion gap is reserved between the walls and between the combustion chamber and the wall of the regenerator, and the wall of the regenerator is built on the floor of the furnace.
  • the wall of the regenerator is a heat-resistant section of silicon brick masonry, a buffer section of high-aluminum brick masonry and a support section of clay brick masonry from top to bottom.
  • the bottom of the regenerator chamber shell has a rounded structure.
  • the choke reinforcing plate is a steel structure.
  • the gas spout on the upper gas flow passage and the gas spout on the adjacent lower gas flow passage are staggered by 0-30° in the horizontal direction; in the multi-layer air flow passage, the upper air flow passage The air vents and the air vents on the adjacent lower air flow paths are staggered by 0-30° in the horizontal direction.
  • the shape, arrangement mode, air flow speed and relative positional relationship of the gas nozzle and the air nozzle can be such that the gas nozzle discharges downward gas swirl.
  • Different radii and less than the swirl radius of the air
  • the air ejected by the air jet forms a peripheral swirling motion that rotates upward along the wall of the cylindrical cavity.
  • the peripheral rotation The flow first is initially mixed with the outer layer of the central swirl, and then the velocity of the gas jetted from the gas nozzle is greater than the flow velocity of the peripheral swirl formed by the air jetting of the air jet, so when the peripheral swirl moves upward to the gas nozzle, It can change the flow direction and merge into the center swirling flow, mix again, and mix the two parts of the outer layer and the center to form a mixed gas of uniform gas and air; through the analysis of the above mixing process, the center swirl is in the process of going down and around.
  • the swirling forms a cross-mixing of multiple layers of concentric different diameters, which reduces the area of the hollow column of the mixed gas flow.
  • the diameters of the gas swirl and the air swirl are the same, and the swirling flow during the mixing of the two
  • the center is easy to form a mixed dead angle, that is, a hollow column), which increases the uniformity of mixing, and the opposite direction of gas and air swirling, thus increasing the connection between the two.
  • the probability and time of contact and collision make the two further fully mixed.
  • the gas nozzle is arranged above the air nozzle to avoid direct downward flow after the gas is ejected, and to ensure the gas and air.
  • the sufficientness of mixing ensures that the fully mixed flue gas is completely burned between reaching the surface of the regenerator, greatly improving the combustion efficiency of the gas, making the residual CO in the flue gas substantially zero, shortening the flame length and reducing the length.
  • the air blown up by the air can purge the gas remaining on the top of the furnace to avoid the safety hazard when the air is re-supplied. .
  • the invention improves the air supply temperature of the hot blast stove, reduces the temperature difference of the air supply, and reduces the running cost: since the gas and air can be fully mixed and fully burned, the theoretical combustion temperature of the gas is increased, thereby increasing the temperature of the vault of the hot blast stove.
  • the temperature distribution on the upper surface of the hot body is more uniform Evenly, the regenerator can obtain higher heat, reduce the temperature difference at the end of the air supply, increase the air supply time, reduce the number of furnace changes, reduce the operating cost of the hot blast stove, and, because the temperature distribution on the upper surface of the regenerator is uniform, avoid The problems of deformation, settlement, and blockage of the heat storage body caused by the traditional burner air and gas entering the heat storage body prolong the life of the heat storage body.
  • the present invention reduces power consumption and reduces operating and maintenance costs: since the air and gas are sufficiently mixed in the present invention, the air excess coefficient is small, and the consumption of air and gas is reduced, and the supply of air and gas is reduced to reduce the fan. The kinetic energy consumption and the maintenance cost of the equipment are saved.
  • the gas nozzles or air nozzles between the upper and lower layers are not vertically connected, but are offset by a certain angle, so that the jetted gas swirl and the air swirl can be crossed, thereby improving the uniformity of mixing.
  • the mixing chamber, the combustion chamber and the heat storage body of the present invention are respectively supported on the brick tray and the furnace floor, so that the mixing chamber, the combustion chamber and the regenerator form a plurality of longitudinal stress buffer structures, and the upper compressive stress is not directly Acting on the lower structure to ensure the stability of the lower structure, and it is convenient to repair or replace any one of them without affecting the structure of other sections.
  • the adjacent structure is reserved with an expansion gap, which can eliminate the thermal expansion of the furnace structure. The effect is to ensure the stability of the overall structure.
  • the combustion chamber wall of the hot blast stove has a tapered section
  • the combustion chamber is made of a slanted structure.
  • each layer needs to be supported to carry out the previous one.
  • the masonry of the layer, and because the brick body has a downward downward force, the brick and the brick are prone to slide down, and finally the radius of the wall gradually decreases from bottom to top, which affects the masonry quality of the combustion chamber.
  • the combustion chamber of the present invention adopts a flat structure, which is mainly subjected to its own gravity and upper load pressure, and the force is vertically distributed on a single brick.
  • there is an interlocking structure between bricks and bricks which is not easy to break bricks under high temperature and pressure fluctuations.
  • it is more convenient in masonry, no support, no deformation, and can greatly reduce the difficulty of on-site construction and improve Construction efficiency.
  • the herringbone or arched load-bearing structure can decompose the weight load above the hot air outlet to the surrounding wall, so that the annular structure constituting the hot air outlet works without stress.
  • the ring structure adopts a double ring structure, further increases the protection of the inner ring, and improves the stability and service life of the hot air outlet structure.
  • the heat storage body used in the present invention has a pore diameter of 10 to 25 mm, so that more lattice holes can be arranged per unit area, and the heat storage capacity of the heat storage body as a whole is increased, and in order to adapt to the lattice density,
  • the bottom of the regenerator is made of composite tweezers.
  • the supporting tweezers in the composite tweezers mainly support the pair of holes, and the pair of holes on the tweezers can correspond to the plurality of cells on the regenerator, compared with the current tweezers and
  • the one-to-one correspondence of the grid holes can significantly improve the heat exchange efficiency of the cold air in the heat storage body and reduce the hole blocking rate of the grid holes.
  • the wall of the regenerator of the present invention is made of bricks of different materials and forms different functional sections, so that the high thermal stability of the high alumina brick can better adapt to the regenerator.
  • the frequently fluctuating temperature in the middle section, the rounded corner between the bottom of the regenerator and the bottom plate can prevent the stress of the upper furnace structure from being concentrated at the bottom corner, thus ensuring the stability of the overall structure of the furnace.
  • the mixing chamber wall especially the gas loop and the air loop, are affected by the high pressure air flow for a long time, and the brick body is prone to loosening, cracking, and even suffocating between air and gas. Therefore, the flow blocking reinforcing plate described in the present invention can prevent the helium between the gas ring and the air ring and between the gas nozzle and the air nozzle, thereby ensuring the safe use of the hot stove. On the other hand, the compressive stress on the lower air ring and the air nozzle can be reduced to ensure the stability and service life of the structure.
  • the design of the inlet and the spout portion of the hot blast stove known in the prior art adopts the method of brick laying.
  • the nozzle brick is prone to misalignment and brick falling, which affects the use effect, and correspondingly
  • the entrance and nozzle parts are constructed by means of cast-in-place molding, so that the entire inlet and nozzle parts are integrated, and the structure is stable, which eliminates the problem that the nozzle bricks are prone to misalignment and brick falling during the operation of the hot blast stove.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a mixing chamber.
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of Figure 2;
  • a new top-burning hot blast stove comprising a regenerator 3, a combustion chamber 2 and a mixing chamber 1 arranged in order from bottom to top, the wall of the regenerator 3 is built at the bottom of the furnace body, and the bottom of the wall With the rounded corner arrangement, two annular brick supports 10 are respectively arranged on the furnace shell, and the wall of the combustion chamber 2 and the wall of the mixing chamber 1 are respectively built on the two brick supports 10, and the combustion chamber 2 A stepped sliding joint structure is connected between the regenerator 3 and the mixing chamber 1 and the combustion chamber 2, thus forming a plurality of longitudinal stress buffer structures.
  • the mixing chamber 1 adopts a plurality of composite top structures, such as a cone-column composite dome structure, a catenary-line structure or a mushroom-type structure; the cone-column composite dome structure is taken as an example to illustrate the mixing chamber 1 Structure setting: the cone-column composite dome structure consists of a cone top wall and a column cavity wall.
  • An air inlet 7 is arranged outside the column cavity wall, and a gas inlet 4 is arranged outside the cone top wall; the cone top wall is composed of the inner layer gas nozzle wall 101 and The gas outer ring wall 102 of the outer layer is formed, and a gas ring 5 is formed between the gas nozzle wall 101 and the gas outer ring wall 102 to communicate with the gas inlet 4, and the gas nozzle wall 101 is provided with a plurality of gas passages, each layer of gas The gas passage is provided with a plurality of gas spouts 6, and the gas spout 6 is inclined downward from the inner circular wall to the outer circular wall of the gas spout wall 101 by 30-45°, and the gas spout 6 and the lower gas flow on the upper gas flow passage.
  • the gas spout 6 on the road is staggered by 0-30° in the horizontal direction, so that the gas ejected from the gas spout 6 forms a central downward swirling motion and cross-stratified central swirl in the center of the mixing chamber 1;
  • the air nozzle wall 104 and the outer air outer ring wall 105, Air nozzle wall 104 is spaced apart from the outer air ring wall 105, and an air ring 9 communicating with the air inlet 7 is formed therebetween.
  • a plurality of air flow passages are disposed on the air nozzle wall 104, and a plurality of air nozzles are disposed on each air flow passage. 8.
  • the air nozzle 8 is slanted upwardly from the inner wall to the outer circular wall of the air nozzle wall 104 by 30-45°, and the air nozzle 8 on the upper air flow path and the air nozzle 8 on the lower air flow path are horizontally offset. -30°, the air ejected from the air nozzle 8 forms a rotating upward movement along the inner wall of the mixing chamber 1 around the central swirling flow and cross-layered peripheral swirling flow;
  • the swirling flow of the gas swirling from the gas nozzle 6 and the swirling of the air jetted by the air jet 8 are opposite, and the velocity of the gas jetted by the gas jet 6 is greater than the flow velocity of the peripheral swirl formed by the air blown by the air jet 8.
  • the peripheral swirl is moved upward to the gas nozzle 6, the flow direction can be changed to merge into the center swirl to form a mixed gas of gas and air; the horizontal projection of the center line of the gas inlet 4 and the horizontal projection of the center line of the air inlet 7
  • the angle between 0° and 180°, the gas nozzle 6 and the air nozzle 8 are both tapered nozzles, and the outlet end has a smaller aperture than the inlet end.
  • the above structure constitutes a three-dimensional hybrid structure of air and gas swirling high-speed jetting;
  • An annular flow-reinforcing plate 103 is covered at the top end of the wall of the column, and the baffle plate 103 is sandwiched between the wall of the column and the top wall of the cone, and is disposed between the air ring 9 and the gas ring 5 Inside;
  • the gas nozzle wall 101 and the air nozzle wall 104 are formed by casting, and the gas outer ring wall 102 and the air outer ring wall 105 are formed by masonry, wherein the air inlet 7, the air nozzle 8, the gas inlet 4 and the gas nozzle are formed.
  • 6 all adopt steel plate die, and use high-strength ceramic wear-resistant castable as a whole pouring molding, and the gas nozzle 6 and the air nozzle 8 are broken.
  • the surface shape is polygonal, circular or elliptical, and the cross-sectional areas of the gas nozzles 6 and the air nozzles 8 in the respective axial directions are the same or different.
  • the combustion chamber 2 is composed of a combustion chamber manhole 15, a hot air outlet 11, a throat deflector 16 and a combustion chamber wall.
  • the throat deflector 16 is formed by an upward lining in the combustion chamber 2, and the throat is formed.
  • the upper edge of the flow guiding device 16 forms a downwardly inclined slope; the combustion chamber wall adopts a flat structure, and the body of the flat structure is horizontally laid by the brick body, and the section is a figure-eight structure, which is divided into upper, middle and lower three.
  • the middle part and the combustion chamber 2 conical section masonry extension line form a certain angle of masonry masonry, the angle is 60-65°, the upper part extends to the outer side at a certain angle, the lower part extends to the inner side at a certain angle, and Grooves and ridges are respectively arranged on the surface of the brick body, and the interlocking action between the bricks and the bricks is realized by the cooperation of the grooves and the ridges;
  • the wall above the hot air outlet 11 is provided with a herringbone bearing structure, a herringbone shape
  • the load-bearing structure comprises a herringbone bearing masonry and a herringbone transition masonry, the inner layer of the hot air outlet 11 is a double ring structure, and the outer layer is a petal-shaped ring masonry structure connecting the walls.
  • the regenerator 3 is composed of a composite furnace dike 12, a cold air inlet 13, a flue gas outlet 14, a regenerator wall and a heat storage body, wherein the regenerator is a high-efficiency regenerator, that is, the heat storage.
  • the body is uniformly provided with a plurality of cells having a hole diameter of 10-25 mm, and the wall of the regenerator is divided into a heat-resistant section 301 made of silicon brick, a buffer section 302 made of high-aluminum brick, and the wall of the regenerator.
  • a support section 303 made of clay brick, the composite furnace 12 is composed of an upper pair of hole tweezers, a lower layer supporting tweezers and a supporting structure including a pillar fixed to the furnace floor and a beam fixed to the pillar.
  • the supporting raft is mounted on the beam through the groove, and in the raft hole on the hole rafter, a plurality of adjacent raft holes are connected to each other to form a pair of hole units, each pair of hole units corresponding to the heat storage body hole thereon, supporting the rafter a cell corresponding to the hole unit hole.
  • the gas nozzle 6 is inclined downward at an angle of 45°
  • the air nozzle 8 is inclined upward by 45°
  • the gas nozzle 6 on the upper gas channel and the gas nozzle 6 on the lower gas channel are in the horizontal direction.
  • the angle at which the upper portion is shifted is 30°
  • the angle between the air vent 8 on the upper air flow path and the air vent 8 on the lower air flow path is shifted by 30 in the horizontal direction.

Abstract

一种顶燃热风炉，包括混合室(1)、燃烧室(2)和蓄热室(3)，混合室(1)墙体由上部的锥顶壁和下部的柱腔壁组成，柱腔壁外侧设有空气入口(7)，锥顶壁外侧设有煤气入口(4)，柱腔壁垂直设置，用于安装使空气向上旋转流动的多层空气流道，各层空气流道喷出气流后形成的环流气旋的直径相等；锥顶壁呈圆锥形设置，用于安装使煤气向下旋转流动的多层煤气流道，各层煤气流道喷出煤气后形成的环流气旋的直径不等，底层环流气旋直径大于其上层环流气旋直径，且煤气流道喷出的煤气速度大于空气流道喷出的气流速度，使煤气与空气在混合室(1)形成多层同心不同径的交叉混合后进入燃烧室(2)燃烧。本装置的混合室(1)结构与气体混合方式使煤气充分燃烧，实现节能减排。

Description

新型顶燃热风炉 技术领域
本发明涉及冶金、热能工程技术领域；具体是一种把鼓风或其他气体介质加热到一定温度的新型顶燃热风炉。
背景技术
高炉热风炉是向炼铁高炉提供热风的设施。其工作原理是通过热风炉的燃烧器燃烧煤气而产生高温烟气，将热风炉内的蓄热体加热并蓄热，然后冷鼓风从热风炉下部进入热风炉，在上升过程中，逐渐被蓄热体加热，成高温鼓风。高温鼓风经过热风出口和热风支管进入热风总管，送往高炉，进行生铁冶炼过程。根据热风炉的燃烧器所处位置，可将热风炉分为内燃式热风炉、外燃式热风炉和顶燃式热风炉等多种结构形式。顶燃式热风炉因其优点突出在国内外得到了很快推广，现有以下几种形式的顶燃式热风炉：大帽子预混烧嘴型顶燃式热风炉(首钢型)，小帽子套筒预混多烧嘴型顶燃式热风炉(承钢型)，俄罗斯卡卢金小帽子预燃室旋流燃烧型顶燃式热风炉，还有就是仿卡卢金顶燃式热风炉的国内版顶燃式炉，以及近年来出现的将卡卢金大帽子半球形顶燃式炉改成悬链式拱顶顶燃式炉等各种顶燃式热风炉。
目前，已有公知技术与现状——上述顶燃式热风炉存在的不足、缺陷与弊端是：①、空气与煤气的喷口结构及空间布局不合理，造成空气与煤气的混合不均匀；②、由于空气与煤气的混合不均匀，造成燃烧不充分、火焰的长度较长并进入蓄热体燃烧造成蓄热体的变形或沉降，由此造成热风炉内温度分布不均匀、热效率低、资源利用率低、 运行成本提高,并对大气环境造成污染；③、燃烧器结构不合理，热风炉运行中喷口砖易产生错位、掉砖等问题，影响热风炉寿命。由此可见，上述已有公知技术与现状的热风炉所存在的诸多不足、缺陷与弊端，亟待从根本上予以改进与解决。
鉴于上述已有公知技术与现状的热风炉所存在的诸多不足、缺陷与弊端，本设计人基于丰富的实践经验及专业知识，在认真而充分的调查、了解、分析、总结、研究已有公知技术及现状基础上，采用“多段纵向应力缓冲结构”、“多段复合式顶部结构+空气、煤气旋流高速喷射三维混合结构”、“高效蓄热体”关键技术，积极加以研究创新，改进现有顶燃式热风炉结构以及空气、煤气混合方式，研制成功了本发明，以期创造一种新型结构的顶燃式热风炉，解决已有公知技术与现状存在的不足、缺陷与弊端，使其达到更具有实用性及更好的使用效果，提高顶燃式热风炉的技术水平。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供新型顶燃热风炉，采用“多段纵向应力缓冲结构”、“多段复合式顶部结构+空气、煤气旋流高速喷射三维混合结构”、“高效蓄热体”，改进现有顶燃式热风炉结构以及空气、煤气混合方式，使得煤气充分燃烧，降低煤气消耗，减少碳排放，实现节能减排。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供的技术方案为：新型顶燃热风炉，包括混合室、燃烧室和蓄热室，燃烧室和混合室之间设有喉口导流装置，混合室的墙体由上部的锥顶壁和下部的柱腔壁组成，柱腔壁外侧 设有空气入口，锥顶壁外侧设有煤气入口；
柱腔壁垂直设置，其用于安装使空气向上旋转流动的多层空气流道，各层空气流道喷出气流后形成的环流气旋的直径相等；锥顶壁呈圆锥形设置，其用于安装使煤气向下旋转流动的多层煤气流道，各层煤气流道喷出煤气后形成的环流气旋的直径不等，底层环流气旋直径大于其上层环流气旋直径，且煤气流道喷出的煤气速度大于空气流道喷出的气流速度，以使煤气与空气在混合室形成多层同心不同径的交叉混合后进入燃烧室燃烧；
所述的锥顶壁由内层的煤气喷口壁和外层的煤气外环壁构成，煤气喷口壁和煤气外环壁间隔设置，在煤气喷口壁和煤气外环壁之间形成与所述煤气入口连通的煤气环道，在煤气喷口壁上设有多层煤气流道，每层煤气流道上设有多个煤气喷口，且煤气喷口从内圆壁至外圆壁呈喇叭状向下倾斜30-45゜，以形成喷出的煤气在混合室分层向下运动旋转；
所述的柱腔壁由内层的空气喷口壁和外层的空气外环壁构成，空气喷口壁和空气外环壁间隔设置，在空气喷口壁和空气外环壁之间形成与所述空气入口连通的空气环道，在空气喷口壁上设有多层空气流道，每层空气流道上设有多个空气喷口，空气喷口水平设置或从内圆壁至外圆壁向上倾斜设置，以形成喷出的空气在混合室向上运动旋转；
所述柱腔壁的顶端设有环形的阻流加强板，其阻流加强板与锥顶壁连接，以形成空气环道与煤气环道之间的隔离。
所述锥顶壁上的煤气喷口向下倾斜的角度为45゜；所述柱腔壁上的空气喷口向上倾斜的角度为30゜；
所述煤气喷口壁和空气喷口壁采用浇筑成型，所述煤气外环壁和空气外环壁采用砌筑成型。
所述的煤气入口、煤气喷口、空气入口和空气喷口采用整体浇筑成型。
所述喉口导流装置的上边沿形成朝燃烧室方向倾斜的斜面。
在混合室与燃烧室之间以及燃烧室与蓄热室之间各设置一个支撑在炉壳体上的环形砖托，对混合室与燃烧室的墙体分别进行支撑，并且混合室和燃烧室墙体之间以及燃烧室与蓄热室墙体之间预留膨胀间隙，蓄热室的墙体砌筑在炉体底板上。
所述蓄热室的墙体从上到下依次为硅砖砌筑的耐热段、高铝砖砌筑的缓冲段和粘土砖砌筑的支撑段。
所述蓄热室炉壳底部为圆角结构。
所述的阻流加强板为钢制结构。
所述的多层煤气流道中，上层煤气流道上的煤气喷口和相邻的下层煤气流道上的煤气喷口在水平方向上错开0-30°；所述的多层空气流道中，上层空气流道上的空气喷口和相邻的下层空气流道上的空气喷口在水平方向上错开0-30°。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
第一，本发明中煤气喷口和空气喷口的形状、设置方式、气流速度以及相对的位置关系可以使得：煤气喷口喷出向下的煤气旋流具有 不同的半径(且均小于空气旋流半径)，可以形成向下旋转运动的锥形中心旋流，而空气喷口喷出的空气形成沿柱腔壁向上旋转运动的周边旋流，首先，周边旋流先和中心旋流的外层进行初步混合，然后由于煤气喷口喷出的气流速度大于空气喷口喷出空气所形成的周边旋流的流速，因此，在周边旋流向上运动至煤气喷口时，能够改变流向而汇入中心旋流，再次进行混合，经过外层、中心两步混合后形成混合均匀的煤气空气的混合气体；通过上述混合过程的分析可知：中心旋流在下行过程中和周边旋流形成多层同心不同径的交叉混合，减小了混合气流空心柱的面积，(现有技术中，煤气旋流和空气旋流的直径相同，在两者混合的过程中，其旋流中心容易形成混合死角，即空心柱)，增加了混合的均匀性，加之煤气和空气旋流方向相反，这样就增加了两者接触、碰撞的几率和时间，使得两者进一步的充分混合，而且，由于煤气的比重大于空气，因此，煤气喷口设置在空气喷口的上方就可以避免煤气喷出后直接下行，保证煤气与空气的混合充分度，从而保证充分混合后的烟气在到达蓄热体表面之间彻底燃烧，极大地提高了煤气的燃烧效率，使烟气中的残余CO基本为零，缩短了火焰长度，减少了煤气消耗量和污染物排放，实现了节能减排；与此同时，在热风炉燃烧终止期，向上吹出的空气可以将残存在炉顶的煤气吹扫下来，从而避免再次送风时的安全隐患。
第二，本发明提高热风炉送风温度，减少送风温差，降低运行成本：由于煤气和空气能够充分混合与充分燃烧，提高了煤气的理论燃烧温度，从而提高了热风炉拱顶温度，蓄热体上表面温度分布更加均 匀，使蓄热体能够得到更高的热量，在送风末期减少温差，增加送风时间，减少换炉次数，降低热风炉的运行成本，而且，由于蓄热体上表面温度分布均匀，避免了传统燃烧器空气、煤气进入蓄热体导致的蓄热体变形、沉降、堵塞等问题，延长了蓄热体的寿命。
第三，本发明减少动力消耗，降低运行与维护成本：由于本发明空气与煤气混合充分，空气过剩系数小，同时减少了空气与煤气的消耗量，空气、煤气的供给量减少也降低了风机的动能消耗并节约了设备的维护成本。
第四，本发明中上下层之间的煤气喷口或空气喷口并非上下对应，而是错开一定的角度，这样可以使得喷出的煤气旋流和空气旋流产生交叉，从而提高混合的均匀度。
第五，本发明的混合室、燃烧室和蓄热体分别支撑在砖托和炉体底板上，这样混合室、燃烧室和蓄热室就形成多段纵向应力缓冲结构，上部压应力不会直接作用于下部结构上，保证下部结构的稳定，并且便于对其中任意一段进行维修、更换，而不影响其他段的结构，再者相邻结构预留有膨胀间隙，可以消除热膨胀对炉体结构的影响，保证整体结构的稳定。
第六，由于热风炉的燃烧室墙体具有一个锥段，现有技术中，燃烧室都是采用斜砌结构，这种结构在砌筑时，需要对每一层进行支撑，才能进行上一层的砌筑，而且由于砖体具有斜向下的作用力，因此，砖与砖之间容易出现下滑，最后导致墙体从下往上的半径逐渐减小，影响燃烧室的砌筑质量，此外，该结构在实际使用中，由于上部砌体 重量、高温以及压力作用，结构稳定性差，容易导致掉砖、坍塌等事故；因此本发明燃烧室采用平砌结构，该结构主要受自身重力和上部载荷压力，作用力垂直均布在单砖上，加之砖与砖之间具有互锁结构，在高温和压力波动下不易发生掉砖现象，而且，在砌筑时较为方便，无需支撑，也不会产生变形，可以大大降低现场施工难度，提高施工效率。
第七，本发明中热风出口的结构中，人字形或拱形的承重结构可以将热风出口上方的重量载荷分解到周围的墙体，从而使得组成热风出口的圆环结构在无应力作用下工作，而且该圆环结构采用双圆环结构，进一步增加了对内层圆环的保护，提高热风出口结构的稳定性与使用寿命。
第八，本发明所用的蓄热体上的孔径在10～25mm，这样单位面积上可以布置更多的格孔，增加蓄热体整体的蓄热能力，而且为了与格孔密度相适应，在蓄热体底部采用复合型篦子，复合型篦子中的支撑篦子主要起支撑作用，对孔篦子上的对孔单元可以与蓄热体上的多个格孔相对应，相较于目前篦子孔和格孔的一一对应，本发明可以明显的提高冷风在蓄热体中的换热效率，减少格孔的堵孔率。
第九，本发明蓄热室墙体采用不同材质的砖体砌筑而成，并形成不同的功能段，这样由于高铝砖具有的良好的热震稳定性，可以更好地适应蓄热室中段频繁波动的温度，蓄热室底部与底板之间采用圆角设计，可以防止上部炉体结构的应力集中在底部拐角处，从而保证炉体整体结构的稳定。
第十，热风炉在运行过程中，混合室墙体尤其是煤气环道和空气环道长时间受高压气流的影响，其砖体容易出现松动、裂缝，甚至会使得空气、煤气之间窜气，造成一定的安全隐患，因此，本发明中所述的阻流加强板一方面可以防止煤气环道和空气环道之间以及煤气喷口和空气喷口之间窜气，保证热风炉的安全使用，另一方面，可以减少下方空气环道和空气喷口所受的压应力，保证其结构的稳定与使用寿命。
第十一，现有技术中已知的热风炉入口及喷口部位设计都采用砌砖的方式，在热风炉运行中尤其是喷口砖易发生错位、掉砖等问题，影响使用效果，通过在相应的入口、喷口部位采用支模浇筑成型的施工方式，使整个入口、喷口部位成为一体，结构稳定，杜绝了热风炉运行中喷口砖易产生错位、掉砖的问题。
附图说明
图1是本发明的结构示意图。
图2是混合室的结构示意图。
图3是图2中A-A剖面图。
图4是图2中的B-B剖面图。
图中标记：1、混合室、101、煤气喷口壁，102、煤气外环壁，103、阻流加强板，104、空气喷口壁，105、空气外环壁，2、燃烧室，3、蓄热室，301、耐热段，302、缓冲段，303、黏土段，4、煤气入口，5、煤气环道，6、煤气喷口，7、空气入口，8、空气喷口，9、空气环道，10、砖托，11、热风出口，12、复合型炉箅子，13、冷风 进口，14、烟气出口，15、燃烧室人孔，16、喉口导流装置。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图，通过具体的实施方式对本发明所述的技术方案作进一步的说明。
如图所示：新型顶燃热风炉，包括自下而上依次设置的蓄热室3、燃烧室2和混合室1，蓄热室3的墙体砌筑在炉体底部，并且墙体底部采用圆角设置，在炉壳体上分别设置两条环形的砖托10，燃烧室2的墙体与混合室1的墙体分别砌筑在这两条砖托10上，并且，燃烧室2和蓄热室3之间以及混合室1和燃烧室2之间采用台阶形的滑缝结构连接，这样就形成了多段纵向应力缓冲结构。
所述的混合室1采用多种复合式顶部结构，如锥柱复合型拱顶结构、悬链线式结构或蘑菇型结构；现以锥柱复合型拱顶结构为例，说明混合室1的结构设置：锥柱复合型拱顶结构由锥顶壁和柱腔壁组成，柱腔壁外设置空气入口7，锥顶壁外侧设置煤气入口4；锥顶壁由内层的煤气喷口壁101和外层的煤气外环壁102组成，煤气喷口壁101和煤气外环壁102之间形成与煤气入口4连通的煤气环道5，煤气喷口壁101上设有多层煤气流道，每层煤气流道上设有多个煤气喷口6，煤气喷口6从煤气喷口壁101的内圆壁至外圆壁呈喇叭状倾斜向下30-45°，并且上层煤气流道上的煤气喷口6与下层煤气流道上的煤气喷口6在水平方向错开0-30°，使煤气喷口6喷出的煤气在混合室1中心形成旋转向下运动且交叉分层的中心旋流；所述的柱腔壁由内层的空气喷口壁104和外层的空气外环壁105组成，空气喷口壁 104和空气外环壁105间隔设置，两者之间形成与空气入口7连通的空气环道9，在空气喷口壁104上设置多层空气流道，每层空气流道上设有多个空气喷口8，空气喷口8从空气喷口壁104内圆壁至外圆壁呈喇叭状倾斜向上30-45°，并且上层空气流道上的空气喷口8与下层空气流道上的空气喷口8在水平方向错开0-30°，使空气喷口8喷出的空气沿混合室1内壁形成围绕中心旋流的旋转向上运动且交叉分层的周边旋流；
煤气喷口6喷出的煤气旋流和空气喷口8喷出的空气旋流的旋流方向相反，并且，煤气喷口6喷出的气流速度大于空气喷口8喷出空气形成的周边旋流的流速，使周边旋流向上运动至煤气喷口6时能够改变流向而汇入中心旋流以形成煤气与空气的混合气体；煤气入口4中心线的水平投影和空气入口7中心线的水平投影之间的夹角在0°～180°，煤气喷口6和空气喷口8均为锥形喷口，其出口端的孔径小于入口端的孔径，由上述结构组成了空气、煤气旋流高速喷射三维混合结构；
在柱腔壁的顶端覆盖环形的阻流加强板103，该阻流加强板103夹在柱腔壁和锥顶壁之间，并设置在空气环道9与煤气环道5之间的隔墙内；
所述煤气喷口壁101和空气喷口壁104采用浇筑成型，煤气外环壁102和空气外环壁105采用砌筑成型，其中，所述的空气入口7、空气喷口8、煤气入口4和煤气喷口6均采用钢板支模，使用高强陶瓷耐磨浇注料整体浇筑成型，并且所述煤气喷口6和空气喷口8的断 面形状为多边形、圆形或椭圆形，而且煤气喷口6和空气喷口8沿各自轴线方向的断面面积是相同的或者是不同的。
所述的燃烧室2由燃烧室人孔15、热风出口11、喉口导流装置16和燃烧室墙体构成，喉口导流装置16由燃烧室2中的内衬向上延伸形成，喉口导流装置16的上边沿形成向下倾斜的斜面；燃烧室墙体采用平砌结构，平砌结构的本体由砖体水平砌筑而成，其剖面为八字形结构，分为上中下三部分，中部与燃烧室2锥段砌体延伸线成一定的砌体砌筑夹角，该角度大小为60～65°，上部向外侧伸展有一定的角度，下部向内侧伸展一定的角度，并且在砖体的表面分别设置凹槽和凸条，通过凹槽与凸条的配合实现砖与砖之间的互锁作用；在所述热风出口11上方的墙体设置人字形承重结构，人字形承重结构包括人字形承重砌体和人字形过渡砌体，热风出口11的内层为双圆环结构，外层为连接墙体的花瓣形圆环砌体结构。
所述的蓄热室3由复合型炉箅子12、冷风进口13、烟气出口14、蓄热室墙体和蓄热体构成，其中，蓄热体为高效蓄热体，即该蓄热体上均布有多个孔径为10-25mm的格孔，蓄热室的墙体从上到下分为由硅砖砌筑的耐热段301、由高铝砖砌筑的缓冲段302和由粘土砖砌筑的支撑段303，复合型炉箅子12由上层的对孔篦子、下层的支撑篦子和支持结构组成，该支持结构包括固定在炉底板的支柱和固定在支柱上的横梁，支撑篦子通过凹槽安装在横梁上，对孔篦子上的篦子孔中，多个相邻篦子孔彼此连通组成一个对孔单元，每个对孔单元与其上的蓄热体格孔相对应，支撑篦子中设有和对孔单元相对应的格 孔。
进一步的，所述煤气喷口6向下倾斜的角度为45°，所述空气喷口8向上倾斜的角度为45°，上层煤气流道上的煤气喷口6和下层煤气流道上的煤气喷口6在水平方向上错开的角度为30°，上层空气流道上的空气喷口8和下层空气流道上的空气喷口8在水平方向上错开的角度为30°。

Claims (10)

  1. 新型顶燃热风炉，包括混合室(1)、燃烧室(2)和蓄热室(3)，燃烧室(2)和混合室(1)之间设有喉口导流装置(16)，混合室的墙体由上部的锥顶壁和下部的柱腔壁组成，柱腔壁外侧设有空气入口(7)，锥顶壁外侧设有煤气入口(4)，其特征在于：
    柱腔壁垂直设置，其用于安装使空气向上旋转流动的多层空气流道，各层空气流道喷出气流后形成的环流气旋的直径相等；锥顶壁呈圆锥形设置，其用于安装使煤气向下旋转流动的多层煤气流道，各层煤气流道喷出煤气后形成的环流气旋的直径不等，底层环流气旋直径大于其上层环流气旋直径，且煤气流道喷出的煤气速度大于空气流道喷出的气流速度，以使煤气与空气在混合室(1)形成多层同心不同径的交叉混合后进入燃烧室(2)燃烧；
    所述的锥顶壁由内层的煤气喷口壁(101)和外层的煤气外环壁(102)构成，煤气喷口壁(101)和煤气外环壁(102)间隔设置，在煤气喷口壁(101)和煤气外环壁(102)之间形成与所述煤气入口(4)连通的煤气环道(5)，在煤气喷口壁(101)上设有多层煤气流道，每层煤气流道上设有多个煤气喷口(6)，且煤气喷口(6)从内圆壁至外圆壁向下倾斜30-45゜，上层煤气流道上的煤气喷口(6)和相邻的下层煤气流道上的煤气喷口(6)在水平方向上错开0-30°，以形成喷出的煤气在混合室(1)分层、交叉向下运动旋转；
    所述的柱腔壁由内层的空气喷口壁(104)和外层的空气外环壁(105)构成，空气喷口壁(104)和空气外环壁(105)间隔设置，在空气喷口壁(104)和空气外环壁(105)之间形成与所述空气入口 连通的空气环道(9)，在空气喷口壁(104)上设有多层空气流道，每层空气流道上设有多个空气喷口(8)，空气喷口(8)水平设置或从内圆壁至外圆壁向上倾斜设置，上层空气流道上的空气喷口(8)和相邻的下层空气流道上的空气喷口(8)在水平方向上错开0-30°，以形成喷出的空气在混合室(1)分层、交叉向上运动旋转；
    所述柱腔壁的顶端设有环形的阻流加强板(103)，其阻流加强板(103)与锥顶壁连接，以形成空气环道(9)与煤气环道(5)之间的隔离。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的新型顶燃热风炉，其特征在于：所述锥顶壁上的煤气喷口(6)向下倾斜的角度为45゜；所述柱腔壁上的空气喷口(8)为向上倾斜，其倾斜的角度为30゜；
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的新型顶燃热风炉，其特征在于：所述煤气喷口壁(101)和空气喷口壁(104)采用浇筑成型，所述煤气外环壁(102)和空气外环壁(105)采用砌筑成型。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的新型顶燃热风炉，其特征在于：所述的煤气入口(4)、煤气喷口(6)、空气入口(7)和空气喷口(8)采用整体浇筑成型。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的新型顶燃热风炉，其特征在于：所述喉口导流装置(16)的上边沿形成朝燃烧室(2)方向倾斜的斜面。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的新型顶燃热风炉，其特征在于：在混合室(1)与燃烧室(2)之间以及燃烧室(2)与蓄热室(3)之间各设置一个支撑在炉壳体上的环形砖托(10)，对混合室(1)与燃烧室 (2)的墙体分别进行支撑，并且混合室(1)和燃烧室(2)墙体之间以及燃烧室(2)与蓄热室(3)墙体之间预留膨胀间隙，蓄热室(3)的墙体砌筑在炉体底板上。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的新型顶燃热风炉，其特征在于：所述蓄热室(3)的墙体从上到下依次为硅砖砌筑的耐热段(301)、高铝砖砌筑的缓冲段(302)和粘土砖砌筑的支撑段(303)。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的新型顶燃热风炉，其特征在于：所述蓄热室(3)炉壳底部为圆角结构。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的新型顶燃热风炉，其特征在于：所述的阻流加强板(103)为钢制结构。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的新型顶燃热风炉，其特征在于：所述的煤气喷口(6)和空气喷口(8)为圆柱形或内口小外口大的喇叭形与锥形，且煤气喷口(6)和空气喷口(8)的断面为多边形、圆形或椭圆形。
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