WO2018080569A1 - Channel coding schemes for 5g wearables - Google Patents

Abstract

Technology for a wearable user equipment (wUE) operable to decode punctured data is disclosed. The wUE can descramble bits received from a node to determine forward error correction (FEC) encoded bits. The wUE can de-puncture the FEC encoded bits with a puncturing pattern selected from one or more of n-1 polynomials, where n is an integer number of polynomials in a puncturing pattern. The wUE can decode the de-punctured FEC encoded bits received in a first resource unit (RU) to reduce decoding latency of the received bits and store the decoded bits into the memory.

Description

CHANNEL CODING SCHEMES FOR 5G WEARABLES

BACKGROUND

[0001] Wireless mobile communication technology uses various standards and protocols to transmit data between a node (e.g., a transmission station) and a wireless device (e.g., a mobile device). Some wireless devices communicate using orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) in a downlink (DL) transmission and single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) in uplink (UL). Standards and protocols that use orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) for signal transmission include the third generation partnership project (3 GPP) long term evolution (LTE), the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.16 standard (e.g., 802.16e, 802.16m), which is commonly known to industry groups as WiMAX (Worldwide interoperability for Microwave Access), and the IEEE 802.11 standard, which is commonly known to industry groups as WiFi.

[0002] In 3GPP radio access network (RAN) LTE systems (e.g., Release 13 and earlier), the node can be a combination of Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) Node Bs (also commonly denoted as evolved Node Bs, enhanced Node Bs, eNodeBs, or eNBs) and Radio Network Controllers (RNCs), which communicates with the wireless device, known as a user equipment (UE, nUE or wUE). The downlink (DL) transmission can be a communication from the node (e.g., eNodeB) to the wireless device (e.g., UE), and the uplink (UL) transmission can be a communication from the wireless device to the node.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0003] Features and advantages of the disclosure will be apparent from the detailed description which follows, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which together illustrate, by way of example, features of the disclosure; and, wherein:

[0004] FIG. 1 illustrates a communication system architecture for supporting wearable devices to indicate that at least one wearable user equipment (wUE), and at least one network user equipment (nUE) support the intercommunication of multiple devices in accordance with an example; [0005] FIG. 2 illustrates at least one embodiment of a frame structure that are applicable to downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) resource assignment across multiple control channels in accordance with an example

[0006] FIG. 3 depicts one embodiment of how each subframe can be divided into one physical resource block (PRB) in frequency domain in accordance with an example;

[0007] FIG. 4 depicts one embodiment of a transmit chain of control and corresponding physical data channels in accordance with an example;

[0008] FIG. 5 depicts one embodiment of the convolutional code with coding rate 1/3 and an encoder output bit stream in accordance with an example;

[0009] FIG. 6 illustrates a table of puncturing patterns indicating that the ones in corresponding positions are transmitted and zeros indicate the bits are not transmitted in accordance with an example;

[0010] FIG. 7 illustrates a table of MCS values as an index for the data shared channel in accordance with an example;

[0011] FIG. 8 illustrates a table of input bits to the channel coding block where the code words are a linear combination of the 13 basis sequences denoted M_{t n} in accordance with an example; and

[0012] FIG. 9 illustrates a table of configured simulation parameters and their corresponding values in accordance with an example;

[0013] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of simulation results from error performance of the coding scheme incurred from configured simulation parameters and their corresponding values;

[0014] FIG. 11 depicts functionality of a wUE operable to decode punctured data, in accordance with an example;

[0015] FIG. 12 depicts functionality of wUE operable to encode the source bits and be followed by puncturing, in accordance with an example;

[0016] FIG. 13 depicts a flowchart of a machine readable storage medium having instructions embodied thereon for encoding data at an eNB, in accordance with an example; [0017] FIG. 14 illustrates a diagram of a wireless device (e.g., UE) and a base station (e.g., eNodeB) in accordance with an example; and

[0018] FIG. 15 illustrates a diagram of a wireless device (e.g., UE) in accordance with an example.

[0019] Reference will now be made to the exemplary embodiments illustrated, and specific language will be used herein to describe the same. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the technology is thereby intended.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] Before the present technology is disclosed and described, it is to be understood that this technology is not limited to the particular structures, process actions, or materials disclosed herein, but is extended to equivalents thereof as would be recognized by those ordinarily skilled in the relevant arts. It should also be understood that terminology employed herein is used for the purpose of describing particular examples only and is not intended to be limiting. The same reference numerals in different drawings represent the same element. Numbers provided in flow charts and processes are provided for clarity in illustrating actions and operations and do not necessarily indicate a particular order or sequence.

EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS

[0021] An initial overview of technology embodiments is provided below and then specific technology embodiments are described in further detail later. This initial summary is intended to aid readers in understanding the technology more quickly but is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the technology nor is it intended to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.

[0022] Narrow band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is a technology standardized by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). NB-IoT has been designed to address specific cellular IoT (CIoT) constraints, such that NB-IoT can provide improved indoor coverage, support for a relatively large number of low throughput devices, low delay sensitivity, low device cost, low device power consumption and an improved network architecture. NB-IoT can be deployed in either the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) spectrum or the Long Term Evolution (LTE) spectrum. NB-IoT can also be deployed in Fifth Generation (5G) or New Radio (NR) technologies.

[0023] Further, wearables being using within a channel coding scheme for use within a fifth generation (5G) cellular architecture can be one of the most promising areas in wireless communications due to its significant potential to deploy and serve a massive number of devices. Because wearable or IoT devices are normally cost-effective and power-effective devices, a receiver design with low-complexity is preferred. Furthermore, the baseband signal processing can be completed within an expected or proposed time budget even if the guard interval between the data reception/detection and

acknowledgement transmission may not be enough to complete the processing when there are multiple physical resource allocation assignments. Consequently, unlike systems in which a received packet is processed after a whole scheduling block is received, a processor in a wearable or IOT device can initiate data detection once a first data signal or resource unit in wearable and IoT devices is received. This can allow the decoding process to be completed within a proposed time budget.

[0024] The present technology describes channel coding impacts on a 5G network while being utilized in wearable or IoT devices were the receiver is designed with low complexity, relative to a receiver and/or processor in a non-wearable device, such as a mobile device, laptop, or desktop computing device. The embodiments further describe usage within a radio access network (RAN) impacts due to CIoT Evolved Packet System (EPS) optimizations (e.g., CIoT small data transmissions using the CP CIoT EPS optimization and/or the User Plane (UP) CIoT EPS optimization). The CIoT EPS optimization is apart of a 3GPP Narrow Band (NB)-IoT design, and is backward compatible with a typical 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE), i.e., Release 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, or another non-NB-IoT.

[0025] In one example, baseband signal processing can be completed within an expected time budget even if a guard interval between the data reception/detection and

acknowledgment transmission may not provide sufficient time to complete the processing that starts before an entire packet is received.

[0026] In another example the guard interval or guard period (GP) within the baseband signal processing for reception, detection, and/or acknowledgment transmission can be 35 microseconds (us) or less.

[0027] In one example a packet received can be processed after a first scheduling block has been received, rather than waiting for the entire packet to be received. The systematic structure comprising a network User Equipment (nUE), one or more wearable UEs (wUE), an E-UTRAN, and an Evolved Packet Core (EPC), data detection can be initiated after a first packet is transmitted, and the first data signal or resource unit in wearables or IoT devices is received.

[0028] In another example, a decoding process of the systematic architecture can be completed within a designated time budget. The decoding process may be performed in parallel of sequential depending on the receiver structure, while multiple scheduling blocks, such as multiple PRAs, are scheduled in a scheduling period.

[0029] In another embodiment, lower cost receiver and baseband processor devices can perform the decoding process in a pipelining fashion that can decrease latency, and processing time at the receiver. The configuration of such can provide for a simpler design where Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) selection and rate matching for a corresponding MCS table can increase efficiency and decrease latency of channel coding structures and of control and data shared channels within a 5G network.

[0030] In one example wireless channels can be used more efficiently, where the channel coding can be used for the communication link between an nUE and a wUE. Additionally, the decoding latency as well as the receiver with low-complexity can be considered as the data reception is followed by transmission of the acknowledgement channel.

[0031] As used herein, the term "flag" is intended to be synonymous with the term "indicator" or "message" and denotes information that is communicated to indicate a selected setting, status, acknowledgment, or other desired type of indication.

[0032] FIG. 1 illustrates the communication systematic diagram 100 providing functionality to the operability and communicative properties of one or more wearable wUEs 120(a-c), with a network nUE 110, E-UTRAN 130 and EPC 140.

[0033] In one example, the communication for supporting wearable devices can comprise a system architecture configured to support a network user equipment (nUE) 110 with full infrastructure network (NW) access protocol stack which can additionally be referred to as an assortment of full Control/User-plane functions. In addition, a wearable UE (wUE) 120, can be a mandatory feature for a wearable devices system architecture.

[0034] In another embodiment, a wUE 120 may have a standalone NW connection, and the wUE 120 may be able to obtain access to the NW via the assistance of the nUE 110. Further, the nUE 110 and wUEs 120(a-c) may form a personal area network (PAN) with a corresponding mutual authentication. The PAN can provide device to device

communication between one or more wUEs 120(a-c) within the nUE 110 infrastructure.

[0035] In another embodiment the NW and the nUE 110 can be interconnected and communicative with an air interface (Uu-p) between them. The Uu-p, is the

communication link between the two stations and can be utilized for both mobile and wireless communication. In addition, the NW and the wUE 120 can be interconnected and communicative via an air interface as well (Uu-w). There can also be an intra-PAN air interface (Xu-a) between one or more nUEs 110 and wUEs 120(a-c) in order to further provide for intercommunication.

[0036] In another embodiment there can be a presence of an intra-PAN air interface (Xu- b) among two or more wUEs 120(a-c) present within the communication system. The air interfaces of Uu-p, Uu-w, Xu-a, and Xu-b can further involve both the physical and data link layers of a systematic connection. The physical layer can be radio based, wireless, and can also comprise of a point to point link between one or more base stations and one or more mobile stations (i.e. nUE and/or wUEs).

[0037] In another embodiment, the wireless connections can be configured to unicast, broadcast, or multicast, where multiple links can be created in a limited spectrum through Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) and/or Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA). Further, the data link layer can be divided between the media access control (MAC) and logical link control (LLC) sublayers.

[0038] FIG. 2 illustrates a frame structure 200 within a downlink and uplink. Each frame structure can have a plurality of subframes. Each subframe can have a control channel 210 for a downlink, Transmitter Resource Acquisition and Sounding (TAS) channel 220, Receiver Resource Acquisition and Sounding (RAS) channel 230, and an

acknowledgment channel (ACK) 240. [0039] In one embodiment the first subframe in a DL frame can be configured to provide a synchronization signal, system information broadcasting signal, a paging signal, and discovery signal to be transmitted along with user data.

[0040] In another embodiment the first subframe can be a downlink subframe in a frame and the other 9 subframes in the frame can either be downlink or uplink subframes. Each sidelink can independently configure the downlink and uplink subframes based on its own traffic, needs, and required functionalities.

[0041] In another embodiment each subframe in a frame can have a specific functionality assigned in order to perform resource allocation and assist with wUE communication. Within this embodiment a control channel can transmit at least in the downlink. Also, a TAS 220 can be transmitted by the transmitter. Further, a RAS 230 can be transmitted by the receiver. Additionally, a data channel can be transmitted by the transmitter. And lastly, an ACK channel 240 can be transmitted by the receiver.

[0042] In another example, the frame can have time and frequency resources. In a time and frequency resource, each frame can have 10 subframes. Further, each subframe can have a duration of 1ms, and can further support other subframe duration values such as 0.25ms, 0.5ms, and 2ms. Also, in the frequency domain each subframe can be divided into multiple physical resource blocks (PRB), which can be assigned as the basic resource allocation unit. Each PRB can occupy 3 subcarriers over one subframe. Each of the subcarriers within the PRB can support spacing of 60kHz and subframe duration of 1ms, where each PRB occupies 180kHz frequency over a time period of 1ms. In addition, each subframe can be grouped into subchannels, each subchannel can occupy 6 PRBs and the minimum system bandwidth can be of the size of a subchannel. Further, the physical control and data channels are localized within one PRB as is indicated in the embodiment of the downlink and uplink subframe structure per PRB.

[0043] In one example embodiment, the radio resource allocation assignments notations are indicated in the following table:

Resource unit (RU) 3 subcarriers over 4 consecutive symbols (in

total 12 REs)

Physical resource block 3 subcarriers over one subframe

(PRB)

Subchannel 6 PRBs consecutive in frequency domain

[0044] FIG. 3 further illustrates an example of a frame structure comprising various physical channels, including a control channel 310, a TAS channel 320, a RAS channel 330, a Data channel 340, and an ACK channel 350, with Guard Periods (GP) located between the channels. The following table summarizes an example of the functions of each of the physical control channels.

receiver) Buffer status reporting

Paging/discovery Paging/discovery signal. nUE ID

channel collision avoidance

Synchronization Synchronization

channel

Broadcast channel System information broadcasting

[0045] Another example embodiment of the functionalities of the contents and payloads of each channel are summarized in the following table:

wUE temp ID

UL MCS (4bits), DL PHR (2bits), 10 bits subframe CRC (4 bits), symbol level

scrambling by 20bits wUE

temp ID

ACK DL A/N (2bits, 1 for ACK), BSR 10 bits

channel subframe (4bits), CRC (4 bits), symbol- level scrambling by wUE temp

ID (20 bits)

UL A/N (lbit, 10 repetition), 10 bits subframe symbol-level scrambling by

wUE temp ID (20bits)

Paging/discovery Paging or discovery indication 10 bits

channel (0/1, repetite by 10 times, 0 for

discovery, 1 for paging),

scrambled by 10 bit nUE temp

ID (for discovery, the temp ID

is temp ID generated from

discovery RU index)

Broadcasting System bandwidth (1 bit, 0 for 30 bits

channel 1.4 MHz, 1 for 20 MHz). SFN

(10 bits). System info reserved

for accomodate differente

frame length

Notes 1) Buffer Status Report (BSR)

is only transmitted in control

PRA

2) BSR in UL subframe: BSR

transmitted in the data channel

in the MAC header, in the

control PRA

[0046] Further, an example of the defined identifiers are summarized in the following table:

Function Length nUE MAC

Unique ID of nUE 48 bits address

wUE MAC

Unique ID of wUE 48 bits address

Generated from nUE MAC

20 bits (10 bits nUE ID nUE temp ID address. Used in addressing nUE

segment + 10 Obits) in communication

Generated from wUE MAC 20 bits (10 bits nUE ID wUE temp ID address. Used in addressing wUE segment + 10 bits wUE ID in communication segment)

20 bits, a portion of the IDs in

Used by wUE for RA during

RA ID the wUE temp ID pool is used initial access

as RA ID

Define one common broadcast ID 20 bits, taken from the nUE

Broadcasting ID

to be used by all nUEs. temp ID pool

[0047] In one example, efficient use of the wireless channels and control channels 310 can be realized when channel coding may be used for the communication link between a nUE and a wUE. Additionally, the decoding latency as well as the receiver with low- complexity can be considered as the data reception is followed by transmission of the acknowledgement channel 350.

[0048] FIG. 4 further illustrates an example of a transmit chain for physical channels. Within the example, the transmit chain of control and data channels 400 are depicted.

[0049] In one embodiment of Fig. 4, all physical channels are processed by the same transmission process 400. After adding a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) 410 on the payload bits, the composite bits can be encoded 420, rate matched 430, and scrambled 440 with the scrambling sequences followed by constellation 450 and resource 460 mappings. As the OFDM modulation, an inverse Fourier transform can be applied, along with a cyclic prefix 470. These operations will be described more fully in the proceeding paragraphs. [0050] The same process can be followed in reverse for reception of the OFDM modulated information signal. A baseband signal processing can be completed within an expected time budget as the guard interval between the data reception and transmission for the next channel can be between approximately 17-36 us, in one example.

[0051] As previously discussed, data detection can be initiated once the first data signal or resource unit is received, while continuing to receive the remaining the desired signals or resource units. Initiating processing as soon as the first resource unit is received can enable a simpler, less expensive processor to be used in a device such as a wUE, while still allowing the simpler processor to complete the baseband signal processing within the expected time budget, such as the guard interval.

[0052] Additionally, if the multiple scheduling blocks, such as multiple physical resource allocations (PRAs) which can also be referred to as a resource unit (RU), are scheduled in a scheduling period, the decoding processing may be performed in a sequential way. Utilizing this process could increase efficiency, as a lack of channel interleaver within this embodiment can allow short packet bursts to be encoded and/or decoded more effectively and efficiently, especially for wearable or lite IoT devices, compared to schemes with longer packet sizes.

[0053] In another example, the data and control streams can be encoded/decoded to provide services over the radio transmission link. The physical data channel can be convolutionally encoded and the physical control channels, including the control channel, the TAS channel, the RAS channel, and the ACK channels, can be encoded with Reed- Muller codes.

[0054] The following table provides one example description of channel coding schemes of each physical channel and possible code rates.

PHY Channel Coding Coding rate

scheme

Control Channel Reed-Muller 1/2 or 2/5

TAS Channel coding 1/2 or 2/5

RAS Channel 1/2 or 2/5

ACK Channel 1/2 or 2/5

Paging/Discovery Channel 1/2 or 2/5

Broadcast Channel TBD TBD

Data Shared Channel Convolutiona Variable

1 coding

[0055] In some embodiments the control channel can be used for DL/UL subframe indication from a nUE at the beginning of each subframe. The control channel can also be used to indicate resource assignment for UL transmission. When data is received from higher layers for each subframe, the information bits of common control channel can be encoded as a binary ' 1 ' and can be encoded as a binary '0' if wUE has a request for resources.

[0056] In some embodiments, the payload bits of common control channel b_k can consist of 1 bit of DL/UL subframe indication information, 2 times repetition, and 4 bits for resource indication. Then, after appending a 3-bit CRC information to the payload bits, the information bits can be encoded with a Reed Mueller (RM) (20,5) code.

[0057] In another embodiment, the DL/UL subframe indicator may not be repeated to reduce the decoding complexity at the receiver where B is equal to 8. Then, the encoded bits can be scrambled by nUE temp Identification (ID) with bit-level or sequence-level repetition for DL and by wUE temp ID for UL.

[0058] In another embodiment, the length of the nUE temp ID for scrambling can be 20 bits and a scrambling sequence with length-20 for UL can consist of the combination of the nUE temp ID with lengh-10 and the wUE temp ID with length- 10.

[0059] In another embodiment the TAS channel can be used for DL resource assignment from a nUE and used for interference measurement for both DL and UL at each subframe as a response of the common control channel. The payload bits for the downlink TAS channel b_k can consists of 1 bit New Data Indicator (NDI) with 4 repetitions and 3 bits of CRC. After encoded with RM (20, B) code, the output bit streams are scrambled by 20 bit sequences of wUE temp ID. In some embodiments, the scrambling can be done with the combination of 10 bit nUE temp ID and wUE temp ID.

[0060] Further, in some embodiments the RAS channel can be used for the feedback of channel state information and power headroom reporting for both DL and UL at each subframe. Once the TAS channel is successfully detected, payload bits of MCS for 4-bit length and power headroom information for 2-bit length are encoded 420 with RM (20, B) code as a response of the TAS channel after adding a 4-bit CRC on the payload. Then, the output bit streams are scrambled 440 by 20 bit sequences of wUE temp ID. As an alternative, the scrambling 440 can be done with the combination of 10 bit nUE temp ID and wUE temp ID.

[0061] In some embodiments, HARQ-ACK/NACK (HARQ-A/N) feedback bits can be obtained after detection is completed for either downlink or uplink data at each subframe. If multiple subframes are scheduled on the first subframe, HARQ-A/N feedback is sent at the end of multiple subframes.

[0062] In some embodiments, each positive acknowledgement (ACK) is encoded as a binary T and each negative acknowledgement (NACK) is encoded as a binary 'Ο' . The payload bits for the downlink ACK channel can consist of A/N, buffer status report (BSR), and CRC bits. The bits for A/N feedback information can be repeated 2 times, BSR can consist of 4 bits, and finally 4 bits can be appended as CRC information. Then, the output bit streams can be scrambled by wUE temp IDs with length-20.

[0063] In some embodiments, for an uplink ACK channel, the bits for A/N feedback information, b_k , can be repeated 8 or 10 times and encoded 420 with an RM (20,5) code.

Then, the output bit streams can be scrambled 440 (FIG.5) by wUE temp IDs with length- 20.

[0064] In another embodiment, the payload bits are encoded 420 so as to maximize the Hamming distance after encoding. In other words, the payload bits with length- 10, 1000000000 and 0000000000, are encoded for ACK and NACK with RM (20,5) code, respectively.

[0065] In another embodiment, the output bit streams after encoding 420 are scrambled by a combination of 10-bit nUE temp ID and 10-bit wUE temp ID.

[0066] In some embodiments, the paging/discovery information bits b_k , can be repeated 8 or 10 times and encoded with RM (20,B) code. Then, the output bit streams can be scrambled 440 (FIG. 5) by nUE temp IDs with length-20. Paging indication is encoded as a binary ' 1 ' and discovery indication is encoded as a binary 'Ο'.

[0067] In another embodiment, the payload bits can be encoded so as to maximize the Hamming distance after encoding. In other words, the payload bits with length- 10, 1000000000 and 0000000000, are encoded for paging and discovery with RM (20,B) code, respectively.

[0068] In another embodiment, the CRC 410 can be calculated in the following way to provide for efficient encoding/decoding of data and control streams. To perform the CRC calculation one can first denote the input bits to the CRC computation by

*oAAA>-A and the parity bits by ^οΆΆΆ ~,P^p-i, _wh_ere P = 3,4, or, 12. B can be the size of the input sequence. The parity bits can then be generated by one of the following cyclic generator polynomials depending on the characteristics of physical channels: gcRcu W = [D¹² + D¹¹ + D⁹ + D⁶ + D ³ + D² + D + 1],

9CRC4 (D = [D⁴ + D ³ + D ² + D + 1],

gcRcs W = [D ³ + D² + 1], where D is the number of encoded bits per output stream. The bits after CRC attachment can be denoted by c₀,c₁,c₂,c₃,...,c_K_₁ , where K = B + P . The relation between b_k and c_k can be:

c_k = b_k for k = 0, 1, 2, ... , B-1

c_k = p_k__B for k = B, B + l, B + 2, ... , B + L-l .

[0069] In another example, convolutional coding can be used for downlink and uplink for forward error correction (FEC) 420 providing effective coding gain with low-complexity at the receiver for short bursts that are common in a wearable system. The decoding of convolutional codes can be initiated once one resource unit or an OFDM symbol is received at the receiver since no channel interleaver may be adopted. Then, decoding delay can be also reduced. Furthermore, depending on the possible Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) ranges, several code rates can be supported and constructed by puncturing a rate 1/3 code.

[0070] The convolutional coding is further described and defined in clause 5.1.3.1 of 3GPP TS 36.212 Ver.13.0.0 (without channel interleaving for the low-complexity receiver).

[0071] Another example providing functionality of a transmission chain of the physical channels 400 is shown in FIG. 5, where the functionalities of rate matching 430 (FIG. 4) are further demonstrated.

[0072] The bit sequence, in one embodiment in FIG. 5, for a given code block to channel c c c c c

coding is denoted by °' ^!' ²' ³' ^"' ^K~ 500 where K is the number of bits to encode. After d(i) _d(i) _d(i) _d(i) _d(i)

encoding, the bits are denoted by ⁰ ' ¹ ' ² ' ^{3 D~l} , where D 510 is the number of encoded bits per output stream and ί indexes the output stream of the generator polynomial i. The relation between °^k and ^k and between K and D is dependent on the channel coding scheme.

[0073] In another example, the initial value of the shift register of the encoder can be set to zeros. The encoder output bit stream ^k , ^k and ^k correspond to the rirst, second and third parity streams output 530, respectively as shown in FIG. 5.

[0074] Rate matching 530 (FIG. 5) can be used to match the number of coded bits to the capacity of the allocated resource block of a burst. For a given resource allocation, the coding rate is determined as the smallest rate that is larger than the coding rate indicated by the spectral efficiency. The output encoded bit stream with one of the base coding rate is then sent to rate matching. Rate matching includes a bit collection of the three interleaved streams, "^k , ^dk , ^dk . Several coding rates, 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8, 15/16 can be obtained by puncturing the rate- 1/3 encoder output streams. For example the following transmission functionalities can take place for the following coding rates:

• For coding rate 1/2, * and * for any k are transmitted; * for any k are not transmitted. For coding rate 2/3, ⁱ for any k are transmitted; "^k for k=0, 2, 4, ... are j (2)

transmitted; * for any k are not transmitted.

• For coding rate 3/4, ^d^ for k=l, 2, 4, ... are transmitted; ^rf™ for k=0, 1, 3,4,

... are transmitted; d *⁽²⁾ for any k are not transmitted.

,(0) ,(1)

· For coding rate 5/6, * for k=l, 2,4,6,7, 9,... are transmitted; * for

k=0,l,3,5,6,8,... are transmitted;

for any k are not transmitted.

• For coding rate 7/8, ^d<< for k=l, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 11, 13... are transmitted; ^dk for k=0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, 12, ... are transmitted; d *⁽²⁾ for any k are not transmitted.

• For coding rate 15/16, ^ for k=l, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29,... are transmitted; ^d« for k=0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 16, 18, 20, 22,

24, 26, 28, ... are transmitted;

for any k are not transmitted.

[0075] FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary table of puncturing patterns used to puncture the rate- 1/3 encoder output streams to obtain a desired coding rate, as discussed in the preceding paragraphs. In this example, ones in the puncturing pattern indicate the bits in corresponding positions are transmitted and zeros indicate the bits are not transmitted. The pattern can be inverted to provide the opposite result as well.

[0076] In some embodiments puncturing patterns similar to what is given in FIG. 6, can encode the bit streams in a concatenated manner, in the order of

[ ⁰⁾, ^1}< ²⁾<^■-■ ⁰⁾' ^άΡ> ²⁾' - ] if the bit is transmitted.

[0077] In one embodiment, the puncturing patterns for the data shared channel are proposed. In the above embodiment, to reduce the decoding latency further, the puncturing patterns are selected from the first two polynomials. As such, the proposed structure in the embodiment of FIG. 6 can allow the detection to be performed in a pipeline fashion, thereby enabling a simpler, less expensive processor to perform the detection and decoding of a received signal within a desired guard period by performing the detection and decoding of a selected physical resource allocation in series as the OFDM symbols are received, as previously discussed.

[0078] FIG. 7 illustrates an exemplary MCS table for a data shared channel wherein the MCS table is described in detail. In some embodiments link adaptation can allow for maximization of the spectral efficiency by measuring the channel state information (CSI) at the receiver. Upon the modulation scheme and the corresponding code rate being determined by measuring the receive signal quality, then MCS value as an index can be fed back to the transmitter to decide the transport block size on the RAS channel. The example illustrated in FIG. 7 provides a 16 level MCS with a 4-bit MCS selection mode. The index that is fed back to the transmitter can be used to provide the desired coding rate (CR) by using a puncturing partem as illustrated in FIG. 6.

[0079] In some embodiments, the sub sampled MCS table with 8 levels can be utilized in the case of a 3-bit MCS selection mode. This is demonstrated in Option A and Option B, in the following tables:

[0080] In another embodiment, a sub-sampled version of the MCS table in (a) or (b) can be used. In this case, payload bits of MCS for 3-bit length and power headroom information for 2-bit length are encoded with a RM (20, B) code as a response of the TAS channel after adding a 3-bit CRC on the payload. The scrambling can be similarly done with either a 20-bit wUE temp ID or a combination of a 10-bit nUE temp ID and a 10-bit wUEs temp ID.

[0081] In some embodiments constellation mapping 450 (FIG. 4), can take place for control channels as shown in FIG. 4. For control channels, the QPSK modulation with scrambling 440 and Gray-mapping is used, and BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM with scrambling and Gray-mapping are used for downlink and uplink modulations. 256QAM is for future study (FFS).

[0082] Another example provides functionality of a transmission chain of the physical channels 400 (FIG. 4) of mapping 460 to a physical resource block. Complex symbols after constellation mapping 450 can be mapped to a physical resource block by increasing order of firstly the index of subcarriers and secondly the index of symbols, excluding resource elements allocated to reference signals and special signals.

[0083] In some embodiments the input bits that take place in the FEC 420 and further in the channel coding block are denoted by ¾ AA Α^>···Α-ι _where B is the number of bits. The number of input bits depends on the payload bits in the physical channel contents and payload definition table, of paragraph [0045], for the purpose of the control channels. Thus, the control channel information can be coded using a RM (20, B) code. The code words of the (20, B) code are a linear combination of the 13 basis sequences denoted ^' " and defined in FIG. 8.

FIG. 8 is an exemplary table of basic sequences for the described RM (20,B) code. After encoding the bits are denoted by c₀,c₁,c₂,c₃,...,c_K_₁ where κ = 20 and with ^c, =∑(^bn -^M,_,n ) ^mod 2 where / = 0, 1, 2, ... , K-\ .

n=0

[0084] In FIG. 9, some simulations parameters are configured for link-level simulation of the coding scheme. FIG. 9 demonstrates the error performance of the proposed coding scheme with one exemplary rate-matching is compared to that of the current LTE-TBCC with rate-matching. Since the guard interval may not be enough to complete the decoding processing with channel estimation and fine synchronization, the simpler structure of the decoding processing may be required. As such, the number of demodulation reference signals for channel estimation is reduced for simpler processing since the wireless channels may remain approximately constant in the time domain, thereby resulting in lower-complexity channel estimation. Furthermore, multiple transport blocks can be processed with the simpler decoding processing within the given guard interval, as shown in FIG. 2. The simulation results further show the criteria to decide the MCS table and further shows the performance comparison with current LTE TBCC with rate matching.

[0085] In FIG. 10, the error performance of the coding scheme with the proposed puncturing patterns is shown in the chart 1000 similar BLER performance with that of LTE-TBCC for 16-QAM at the region of 10^"1 BLER. This is displayed in chart 1000, where the BLER performance (1020, 1040, 1060), performs similar if not better than LTE performance (1010, 1030, 1050). However, unlike the LTE scheme where the detection/decoding is initiated after reception of the scheduled blocks, the detection or decoding processing can be performed in the proposed scheme once the first RU is received.

[0086] Another example provides functionality 1100 of a wUE operarable to decode punctured data, as shown in FIG. 11. The wUE can comprise of one or more processors and memory configured to: descramble, at the wUE, bits received from a node to determine forward error correction (FEC) bits, as in block 1110. The wUE can comprise of one or more processors and memory configured to: de-puncture the FEC bits with a puncturing pattern selected from a first n-1 polynomials, where n is an integer number of polynomials in a puncturing partem, as in block 1120. The wUE can comprise of one or more processors and memory configured to: decode the de-punctured FEC bits received in a first resource unit (RU) to reduce decoding latency of the received bits, as in block 1130.

[0087] Another example provides functionality 1200 of a wUE operable to encode punctured data, as shown in FIG. 12. The wUE can comprise of memory; and one or moreprocessors configured to: convolutionally encode a data stream to form forward error correction (FEC) encoded bits, as in 1210. The wUE can comprise of one or more processors and memory configured to: select a code rate, as in 1220. The wUE can comprise of one or more processors and memory configured to: puncture the FEC encoded bits with a puncturing pattern selected from one or more of n-1 polynomials in the puncturing partem to obtain the selected coding rate, where n is an integer number of polynomials in the puncturing pattern, as in 1230. The wUE can comprise of one or more processors and memory configured to: perform constellation mapping of the punctured FEC encoded bits for a selected modulation coding scheme (MCS), as in 1240.

[0088] Another example provides at least one machine readable storage medium having instructions 1300 embodied thereon for encoding data at an eNB, as in FIG. 13. The instructions can be executed on a machine, where the instructions are included on at least one computer readable medium or one transitory machine readable storage medium. The instruction when executed perform: encoding a data stream to form forward error correction (FEC) encoded bits, as in 1310. The instruction when executed perform: selecting a coding rate, as in 1320. The instruction when executed perform: puncturing the FEC encoded bits with a puncturing pattern selected from one or more of n-1 polynomials in the puncturing pattern to obtain the selected coding rate, where n is an integer number of polynomials in the puncturing pattern, as in 1330. The instruction when executed perform: performing constellation mapping of the punctured FEC encoded bits for a selected modulation coding scheme (MCS), as in 1340.

[0089] FIG. 14 provides an example illustration of a user equipment (UE) device 1400 and a node 1420. The UE device 1400 can include a wireless device, a mobile station (MS), a mobile wireless device, a mobile communication device, a tablet, a handset, or other type of wireless device. The UE device 1400 can include one or more antennas configured to communicate with the node 1420 or transmission station, such as a base station (BS), an evolved Node B (eNB), a baseband unit (BBU), a remote radio head (RRH), a remote radio equipment (R E), a relay station (RS), a radio equipment (RE), a remote radio unit (RRU), a central processing module (CPM), or other type of wireless wide area network (WWAN) access point. The node 1420 can include one or more processors 1422, memory 1424 and a transceiver 1426. The node 1420 can also include the components of UE 1400, to add structural support for the eNB claims. The UE device 1400 can be configured to communicate using at least one wireless communication standard including 3 GPP LTE, WiMAX, High Speed Packet Access (HSPA), Bluetooth, and WiFi. The UE device 1400 can communicate using separate antennas for each wireless communication standard or shared antennas for multiple wireless communication standards. The UE device 1400 can communicate in a wireless local area network (WLAN), a wireless personal area network (WPAN), and/or a WWAN.

[0090] In some embodiments, the UE device 1400 may include application circuitry 1402, baseband circuitry 1404, Radio Frequency (RF) circuitry 1406, front-end module (FEM) circuitry 1408 and one or more antennas 1410, coupled together at least as shown. In addition, the node 1420 may include, similar to that described for the UE device 1400, application circuitry, baseband circuitry, Radio Frequency (RF) circuitry, front-end module (FEM) circuitry and one or more antennas.

[0091] The application circuitry 1402 may include one or more application processors. For example, the application circuitry 1402 may include circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. The processor(s) may include any combination of general-purpose processors and dedicated processors (e.g., graphics processors, application processors, etc.). The processors may be coupled with and/or may include a storage medium, and may be configured to execute instructions stored in the storage medium to enable various applications and/or operating systems to run on the system.

[0092] The baseband circuitry 1404 may include circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. The baseband circuitry 1404 may include one or more baseband processors and/or control logic to process baseband signals received from a receive signal path of the RF circuitry 1406 and to generate baseband signals for a transmit signal path of the RF circuitry 1406. Baseband processing circuity 1404 may interface with the application circuitry 1402 for generation and processing of the baseband signals and for controlling operations of the RF circuitry 1406. For example, in some embodiments, the baseband circuitry 1404 may include a second generation (2G) baseband processor 1404a, third generation (3G) baseband processor 1404b, fourth generation (4G) baseband processor 1404c, and/or other baseband processor(s) 1404d for other existing generations, generations in development or to be developed in the future (e.g., fifth generation (5G), 6G, etc.). The baseband circuitry 1404 (e.g., one or more of baseband processors 1404a-d) may handle various radio control functions that enable communication with one or more radio networks via the RF circuitry 1406. The radio control functions may include, but are not limited to, signal modulation/demodulation, encoding/decoding, radio frequency shifting, etc. In some embodiments, modulation/demodulation circuitry of the baseband circuitry 1404 may include Fast-Fourier Transform (FFT), precoding, and/or constellation

mapping/demapping functionality. In some embodiments, encoding/decoding circuitry of the baseband circuitry 1404 may include convolution, tail-biting convolution, turbo, Viterbi, and/or Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) encoder/decoder functionality.

Embodiments of modulation/demodulation and encoder/decoder functionality are not limited to these examples and may include other suitable functionality in other embodiments.

[0093] In some embodiments, the baseband circuitry 1404 may include elements of a protocol stack such as, for example, elements of an evolved universal terrestrial radio access network (EUTRAN) protocol including, for example, physical (PHY), media access control (MAC), radio link control (RLC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), and/or radio resource control (RRC) elements. A central processing unit (CPU) 1404e of the baseband circuitry 1104 may be configured to run elements of the protocol stack for signaling of the PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP and/or RRC layers. In some embodiments, the baseband circuitry may include one or more audio digital signal processor(s) (DSP) 1404f. The audio DSP(s) 1404f may be include elements for compression/decompression and echo cancellation and may include other suitable processing elements in other embodiments. Components of the baseband circuitry may be suitably combined in a single chip, a single chipset, or disposed on a same circuit board in some embodiments. In some embodiments, some or all of the constituent components of the baseband circuitry 1404 and the application circuitry 1402 may be implemented together such as, for example, on a system on a chip (SOC).

[0094] In some embodiments, the baseband circuitry 1404 may provide for

communication compatible with one or more radio technologies. For example, in some embodiments, the baseband circuitry 1404 may support communication with an evolved universal terrestrial radio access network (EUTRAN) and/or other wireless metropolitan area networks (WMAN), a wireless local area network (WLAN), a wireless personal area network (WPAN). Embodiments in which the baseband circuitry 1404 is configured to support radio communications of more than one wireless protocol may be referred to as multi-mode baseband circuitry. [0095] The RF circuitry 1406 may enable communication with wireless networks using modulated electromagnetic radiation through a non-solid medium. In various embodiments, the RF circuitry 1406 may include switches, filters, amplifiers, etc. to facilitate the communication with the wireless network. RF circuitry 1406 may include a receive signal path which may include circuitry to down-convert RF signals received from the FEM circuitry 1408 and provide baseband signals to the baseband circuitry 1404. RF circuitry 1406 may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry to up-convert baseband signals provided by the baseband circuitry 1404 and provide RF output signals to the FEM circuitry 1408 for transmission.

[0096] In some embodiments, the RF circuitry 1406 may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path. The receive signal path of the RF circuitry 1406 may include mixer circuitry 1406a, amplifier circuitry 1406b and filter circuitry 1406c. The transmit signal path of the RF circuitry 1406 may include filter circuitry 1406c and mixer circuitry 1406a. RF circuitry 1406 may also include synthesizer circuitry 1406d for synthesizing a frequency for use by the mixer circuitry 1406a of the receive signal path and the transmit signal path. In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 1406a of the receive signal path may be configured to down-convert RF signals received from the FEM circuitry 1408 based on the synthesized frequency provided by synthesizer circuitry 1406d. The amplifier circuitry 1406b may be configured to amplify the down-converted signals and the filter circuitry 1406c may be a low-pass filter (LPF) or band-pass filter (BPF) configured to remove unwanted signals from the down-converted signals to generate output baseband signals. Output baseband signals may be provided to the baseband circuitry 1404 for further processing. In some embodiments, the output baseband signals may be zero-frequency baseband signals, although this is not a necessity. In some embodiments, mixer circuitry 1406a of the receive signal path may comprise passive mixers, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.

[0097] In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 1406a of the transmit signal path may be configured to up-convert input baseband signals based on the synthesized frequency provided by the synthesizer circuitry 1406d to generate RF output signals for the FEM circuitry 1408. The baseband signals may be provided by the baseband circuitry 1404 and may be filtered by filter circuitry 1406c. The filter circuitry 1406c may include a low-pass filter (LPF), although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. [0098] In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 1406a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 1406a of the transmit signal path may include two or more mixers and may be arranged for quadrature down-conversion and/or up-conversion respectively. In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 1406a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 1406a of the transmit signal path may include two or more mixers and may be arranged for image rejection (e.g., Hartley image rejection). In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 1406a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 1406a may be arranged for direct down-conversion and/or direct up-conversion, respectively. In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 1406a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 1406a of the transmit signal path may be configured for super-heterodyne operation.

[0099] In some embodiments, the output baseband signals and the input baseband signals may be analog baseband signals, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. In some alternate embodiments, the output baseband signals and the input baseband signals may be digital baseband signals. In these altemate embodiments, the RF circuitry 1406 may include analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuitry and the baseband circuitry 1404 may include a digital baseband interface to communicate with the RF circuitry 1406.

[00100] In some dual-mode embodiments, a separate radio IC circuitry may be provided for processing signals for each spectrum, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.

[00101] In some embodiments, the synthesizer circuitry 1406d may be a fractional -N synthesizer or a fractional N/N+l synthesizer, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect as other types of frequency synthesizers may be suitable. For example, synthesizer circuitry 1406d may be a delta-sigma synthesizer, a frequency multiplier, or a synthesizer comprising a phase-locked loop with a frequency divider.

[00102] The synthesizer circuitry 1406d may be configured to synthesize an output frequency for use by the mixer circuitry 1406a of the RF circuitry 1406 based on a frequency input and a divider control input. In some embodiments, the synthesizer circuitry 1406d may be a fractional N/N+l synthesizer.

[00103] In some embodiments, frequency input may be provided by a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), although that is not a necessity. Divider control input may be provided by either the baseband circuitry 1404 or the applications processor 1402 depending on the desired output frequency. In some embodiments, a divider control input (e.g., N) may be determined from a look-up table based on a channel indicated by the applications processor 1402.

[00104] Synthesizer circuitry 1406d of the RF circuitry 1406 may include a divider, a delay-locked loop (DLL), a multiplexer and a phase accumulator. In some embodiments, the divider may be a dual modulus divider (DMD) and the phase accumulator may be a digital phase accumulator (DPA). In some embodiments, the DMD may be configured to divide the input signal by either N or N+l (e.g., based on a carry out) to provide a fractional division ratio. In some example embodiments, the DLL may include a set of cascaded, tunable, delay elements, a phase detector, a charge pump and a D-type flip-flop. In these embodiments, the delay elements may be configured to break a VCO period up into Nd equal packets of phase, where Nd is the number of delay elements in the delay line. In this way, the DLL provides negative feedback to help ensure that the total delay through the delay line is one VCO cycle.

[00105] In some embodiments, synthesizer circuitry 1406d may be configured to generate a carrier frequency as the output frequency, while in other embodiments, the output frequency may be a multiple of the carrier frequency (e.g., twice the carrier frequency, four times the carrier frequency) and used in conjunction with quadrature generator and divider circuitry to generate multiple signals at the carrier frequency with multiple different phases with respect to each other. In some embodiments, the output frequency may be a LO frequency (fLO). In some embodiments, the RF circuitry 1406 may include an IQ/polar converter.

[00106] FEM circuitry 1408 may include a receive signal path which may include circuitry configured to operate on RF signals received from one or more antennas 1410, amplify the received signals and provide the amplified versions of the received signals to the RF circuitry 1406 for further processing. FEM circuitry 1408 may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry configured to amplify signals for transmission provided by the RF circuitry 1406 for transmission by one or more of the one or more antennas 1410.

[00107] In some embodiments, the FEM circuitry 1408 may include a TX/RX switch to switch between transmit mode and receive mode operation. The FEM circuitry may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path. The receive signal path of the FEM circuitry may include a low-noise amplifier (LNA) to amplify received RF signals and provide the amplified received RF signals as an output (e.g., to the RF circuitry 1406). The transmit signal path of the FEM circuitry 1408 may include a power amplifier (PA) to amplify input RF signals (e.g., provided by RF circuitry 1406), and one or more filters to generate RF signals for subsequent transmission (e.g., by one or more of the one or more antennas 1410.

[00108] FIG. 15 provides an example illustration of the wireless device, such as a user equipment (UE), a mobile station (MS), a mobile wireless device, a mobile

communication device, a tablet, a handset, or other type of wireless device. The wireless device can include one or more antennas configured to communicate with a node, macro node, low power node (LPN), or, transmission station, such as a base station (BS), an evolved Node B (eNB), a baseband processing unit (BBU), a remote radio head (RRH), a remote radio equipment (RRE), a relay station (RS), a radio equipment (RE), or other type of wireless wide area network (WWAN) access point. The wireless device can be configured to communicate using at least one wireless communication standard such as, but not limited to, 3 GPP LTE, WiMAX, High Speed Packet Access (HSPA), Bluetooth, and WiFi. The wireless device can communicate using separate antennas for each wireless communication standard or shared antennas for multiple wireless communication standards. The wireless device can communicate in a wireless local area network

(WLAN), a wireless personal area network (WPAN), and/or a WWAN. The wireless device can also comprise a wireless modem. The wireless modem can comprise, for example, a wireless radio transceiver and baseband circuitry (e.g., a baseband processor). The wireless modem can, in one example, modulate signals that the wireless device transmits via the one or more antennas and demodulate signals that the wireless device receives via the one or more antennas.

[00109] FIG. 15 also provides an illustration of a microphone and one or more speakers that can be used for audio input and output from the wireless device. The display screen can be a liquid crystal display (LCD) screen, or other type of display screen such as an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display. The display screen can be configured as a touch screen. The touch screen can use capacitive, resistive, or another type of touch screen technology. An application processor and a graphics processor can be coupled to internal memory to provide processing and display capabilities. A non-volatile memory port can also be used to provide data input/output options to a user. The non-volatile memory port can also be used to expand the memory capabilities of the wireless device. A keyboard can be integrated with the wireless device or wirelessly connected to the wireless device to provide additional user input. A virtual keyboard can also be provided using the touch screen.

Examples

[00110] The following examples pertain to specific technology embodiments and point out specific features, elements, or actions that can be used or otherwise combined in achieving such embodiments.

[00111] Example 1 includes an apparatus of a wearable User Equipment (wUE) operable to decode punctured data, the apparatus comprising memory; and one or more processors configured to: descramble, at the wUE, bits received from a node to determine forward error correction (FEC) encoded bits; de-puncture the FEC encoded bits with a puncturing pattern selected from a first n-1 polynomials, where n is an integer number of polynomials in a puncturing pattern; decode the de-punctured FEC encoded bits received in a first resource unit (RU) to reduce decoding latency of the received bits; and store the decoded bits in the memory.

[00112] Example 2 includes the apparatus of example 1 wherein the one or more processors are configured to perform a cyclic redundancy check on the decoded de- punctured bits to verify the bits received from the node.

[00113] Example 3 includes the apparatus of examples 1 or 2 wherein the node is one or more of a network UE (nUE), an additional wUE, or an evolved Node B (eNB).

[00114] Example 4 includes the apparatus of examples 1 or 2 wherein the bits received from the node are convolutionally encoded.

[00115] Example 5 includes the apparatus of example 4 wherein the convolutionally encoded bits are rate 1/3 convolutionally encoded.

[00116] Example 6 includes the apparatus of example 1 wherein the puncturing partem comprises a bitmap wherein each of the bits in the bitmap with a value of one indicates that a bit in a corresponding position is transmitted and each of the bits in the bitmap with a value of zero indicates a bit that is not transmitted.

[00117] Example 7 includes the apparatus of examples 1 or 6 wherein the puncturing pattern to obtain selected coding rates comprises:

[00118] Example 8 includes the apparatus of examples 1 or 6 wherein the puncturing pattern is repeated based on a length of an encoded bits block.

[00119] Example 9 includes the apparatus of example 1 wherein the received bits are received on a data shared channel at a receiver of the wUE.

[00120] Example 10 includes the apparatus of example 9 wherein the data shared channel is configured to use link adaptation to maximize spectral efficiency by measuring channel state information at the receiver.

[00121] Example 11 includes the apparatus of example 10, wherein the measured channel state information is transmitted to select a transport block size for a Receiver Resource Acquisition and Sounding (RAS) Channel.

[00122] Example 12 includes the apparatus of examples 1 or 2 wherein the one or more processors are configured to decode the de-punctured FEC encoded bits in a plurality of resource units (RUs), wherein the decoding of each of the plurality of RUs is performed sequentially based on an order of the RUs that are received.

[00123] Example 13 includes an apparatus of a node operable to encode punctured data, the apparatus comprising memory; and one or more processors configured to:

convolutionally encode a data stream to form forward error correction (FEC) encoded bits; select a coding rate; puncture the FEC encoded bits with a puncturing pattern selected from one or more of n-1 polynomials in the puncturing partem to obtain the selected coding rate, where n is an integer number of polynomials in the puncturing pattern; store the punctured FEC encoded bits in the memory; and perform constellation mapping of the punctured FEC encoded bits for a selected modulation and coding scheme (MCS).

[00124] Example 14 includes the apparatus of example 13 wherein the MCS is selected based on a received signal quality from a user equipment (UE) to select an MCS index in an MCS table.

[00125] Example 15 includes the apparatus of examples 13 or 14 wherein the MCS table comprises an MCS table with 3-bit MCS index values, the MCS table comprising:

where index is the selected MCS index, Mod is a modulation type, and CR is a coding rate.

[00126] Example 16 includes the apparatus of examples 13 or 14 wherein the MCS index value is transmitted to a UE using higher layer signaling from the node.

[00127] Example 17 includes the apparatus of examples 13 or 14 wherein the MCS table further comprises an MCS table with 2-bit MCS index values, the MCS table comprising:

or comprising:

where index is the selected MCS index, Mod is a modulation type, and CR is a coding rate.

[00128] Example 18 includes the apparatus of examples 13 or 14 wherein a 2-bit value or a 3-bit value or a 4-bit value for the MCS index in the MCS table is transmitted from the node using higher layer signalling or is broadcast from the node as a configuration parameter.

[00129] Example 19 includes the apparatus of examples 13, 16, or 18 wherein the node is one or more of a network user equipment (nUE), or an evolved node B (eNB).

[00130] Example 20 includes at least one machine readable storage medium having instructions embodied thereon for encoding data at an evolved Node B (eNB), the instructions when executed by one or more processors at the eNB perform the following: encoding a data stream to form forward error correction (FEC) encoded bits; selecting a coding rate; puncturing the FEC encoded bits with a puncturing pattem selected from one or more of n-1 polynomials in the puncturing pattern to obtain the selected coding rate, where n is an integer number of polynomials in the puncturing pattern; and, performing constellation mapping of the punctured FEC encoded bits for a selected modulation and coding scheme (MCS).

[00131] Example 21 includes the at least one machine readable storage medium in example 20 further comprising instructions, that when executed by one or more processors at the eNB, perform the following: encoding information for transmission on one or more of a transmitter resource acquisition and sounding (TAS) channel, a receiver resource acquisition and sounding (RAS) channel, and an acknowledgement (ACK) channel; and physical resource mapping the encoded information for burst repetitions, to achieve a combining gain at a receiver.

[00132] Example 22 includes the at least one machine readable storage medium in example 21, wherein the information comprises payload bits that are configured by higher layer signaling or predetermined as a configuration parameter to be broadcast.

[00133] Example 23 includes the at least one machine readable storage medium in example 21, wherein the information comprises payload bits with a length-8.

[00134] Example 24 includes the at least one machine readable storage medium in example 21, wherein the burst repetitions for the TAS channel, the RAS channel, and the ACK channel are selected to maximize a Hamming distance. [00135] Example 25 includes an apparatus of an node operable to encode punctured data, the apparatus comprising memory; and one or more processors configured to: descramble, at the node, bits received at the node to determine forward error correction (FEC) bits; de- puncture the FEC bits with a puncturing pattern selected from a first n-1 polynomials, where n is an integer number of polynomials in a puncturing pattern; decode the de- punctured FEC bits received in a first resource unit (RU) to reduce decoding latency of the received bits; and store the decoded bits in the memory.

[00136] Example 26 includes the apparatus of example 25, wherein the node can be one or more network user equipment (nUE) or evolved node B (eNB).

[00137] Example 27 includes the apparatus of example 25 or 26, wherein the bits received at the node are received: at the nUE from one or more of an additional nUE or the eNB; or at the eNB from one or more of a wearable UE (wUE) or the nUE.

[00138] Example 28 includes an apparatus of a wearable user equipment (wUE) to encode punctured data, the apparatus comprising memory; and one or more processors configured to: convolutionally encode a data stream to form forward error correction (FEC) encoded bits; select a coding rate; puncture the FEC encoded bits with a puncturing pattern selected from one or more of n-1 polynomials in the puncturing pattem to obtain the selected coding rate, where n is an integer number of polynomials in the puncturing pattern; store the punctured FEC encoded bits in the memory; and perform constellation mapping of the punctured FEC encoded bits for a selected modulation and coding scheme (MCS).

[00139] Example 29 includes an apparatus of an node operable to encode punctured data, the apparatus comprising memory; and one or more processors configured to: descramble, at the node, bits received at the node to determine forward error correction (FEC) bits; de- puncture the FEC bits with a puncturing pattern selected from a first n-1 polynomials, where n is an integer number of polynomials in a puncturing pattern; decode the de- punctured FEC bits received in a first resource unit (RU) to reduce decoding latency of the received bits; and store the decoded bits in the memory.

[00140] Example 30 includes a means for encoding data at an evolved Node B (eNB), the means comprising: a means for encoding a data stream to form forward error correction (FEC) encoded bits; a means for selecting a coding rate; a means for puncturing the FEC encoded bits with a puncturing pattern selected from one or more of n-1 polynomials in the puncturing pattern to obtain the selected coding rate, where n is an integer number of polynomials in the puncturing pattern; and a means for performing constellation mapping of the punctured FEC encoded bits for a selected modulation and coding scheme (MCS).

[00141] Example 31 includes the means for encoding data at the eNB of example 30 further comprising: a means for encoding information for transmission on one or more of a transmitter resource acquisition and sounding (TAS) channel, a receiver resource acquisition and sounding (RAS) channel, and an acknowledgement (ACK) channel; and a means for physical resource mapping the encoded information for burst repetitions, across multiple physical resource blocks (PRB), to achieve a combining gain at a receiver.

[00142] Example 32 includes the means for encoding data at the eNB in example 31, wherein the information comprises payload bits that are configured by higher layer signalling or predetermined as a configuration parameter to be broadcast.

[00143] Example 33 includes the means for encoding data at the eNB in example 31, wherein the information comprises payload bits with a length-8.

[00144] Example 34 includes the means for encoding data at the eNB in example 31, wherein the burst repetitions for the TAS channel, the RAS channel, and the ACK channel are selected to maximize a Hamming distance.

[00145] Example 35 includes an apparatus of a wearable User Equipment (wUE) operable to decode punctured data, the apparatus comprising memory; and one or more processors configured to: descramble, at the wUE, bits received from a node to determine forward error correction (FEC) encoded bits; de-puncture the FEC encoded bits with a puncturing pattern selected from a first n-1 polynomials, where n is an integer number of

polynomials in a puncturing pattern; decode the de-punctured FEC encoded bits received in a first resource unit (RU) to reduce decoding latency of the received bits; and store the decoded bits in the memory.

[00146] Example 36 includes the apparatus of example 35 wherein the one or more processors are configured to perform a cyclic redundancy check on the decoded de- punctured bits to verify the bits received from the node.

[00147] Example 37 includes the apparatus of examples 35 or 36 wherein the node is one or more of a network UE (nUE), an additional wUE, or an evolved Node B (eNB).

[00148] Example 38 includes the apparatus of any of the preceding claims wherein the bits received from the node are rate 1/3 convolutionally encoded. [00149] Example 39 includes the apparatus of any of the preceding claims wherein the puncturing pattern comprises a bitmap wherein each of the bits in the bitmap with a value of one indicates that a bit in a corresponding position is transmitted and each of the bits in the bitmap with a value of zero indicates a bit that is not transmitted.

[00150] Example 40 includes the apparatus of any of the preceding claims wherein the puncturing pattern to obtain selected coding rates is concatenated sequentially when the bit is transmitted and comprises:

[00151] Example 41 includes the apparatus of any of the preceding claims wherein the received bits are received on a data shared channel at a receiver of the wUE, wherein the data shared channel is configured to use link adaptation to maximize spectral efficiency by measuring channel state information at the receiver.

[00152] Example 42 includes the apparatus of example 41, wherein the measured channel state information is transmitted to select a transport block size for a Receiver Resource Acquisition and Sounding (RAS) Channel.

[00153] Example 43 includes the apparatus of examples 35 or 36 wherein the one or more processors are configured to decode the de-punctured FEC encoded bits in a plurality of resource units (RUs), wherein the decoding of each of the plurality of RUs is performed sequentially based on an order of the RUs that are received.

[00154] Example 44 includes an apparatus of an evolved Node B (eNB) operable to encode punctured data, the apparatus comprising memory; and one or more processors configured to: convolutionally encode a data stream to form forward error correction (FEC) encoded bits; select a coding rate; puncture the FEC encoded bits with a puncturing pattern selected from one or more of n-1 polynomials in the puncturing pattern to obtain the selected coding rate, where n is an integer number of polynomials in the puncturing pattern; store the punctured FEC encoded bits in the memory; and perform constellation mapping of the punctured FEC encoded bits for a selected modulation and coding scheme (MCS).

[00155] Example 45 includes the apparatus of example 44 wherein the MCS is selected based on a received signal quality from a user equipment (UE) to select an MCS index in an MCS table.

[00156] Example 46 includes the apparatus of examples 44 or 45 wherein the MCS table comprises a 3-bit MCS table with 3-bit MCS index values, the 3-bit MCS table comprising:

Spectral Spectral

Index Mod CR Index Mod CR

Efficiency Efficiency

16-

0 BPSK 1/3 1/3 8 2/3 8/3

QAM

16-

1 BPSK 1/2 1/2 9 3/4 3

QAM

16-

2 QPSK 1/3 2/3 10 5/6 10/3

QAM

16-

3 QPSK 1/2 1 11 7/8 3.5

QAM

64-

4 QPSK 2/3 4/3 12 2/3 4

QAM

64-

5 QPSK 3/4 3/2 13 3/4 9/2

QAM

64-

6 QPSK 5/6 5/3 14 5/6 5

QAM

16- 64-

7 1/2 2 15 15/16 5.63

QAM QAM or wherein the MCS table comprises a 2-bit MCS table with 2-bit MCS index values, the 2-bit MCS table comprising:

Spectral

Index Mod CR

Efficiency

0 BPSK 1/3 1/3

1 QPSK 1/3 2/3

2 QPSK 2/3 4/3

3 QPSK 5/6 5/3

4 16-QAM 2/3 8/3

5 16-QAM 7/8 3.5

6 64-QAM 3/4 9/2

7 64-QAM 15/16 5.63 or comprising:

where index is the selected MCS index, Mod is a modulation rate, and CR is a coding rate and the 2-bit value or the 3-bit value are transmitted for the MCS index is transmitted from the eNB using higher layer signalling or is broadcast from the eNB as a configuration parameter.

[00157] Example 47 includes at least one machine readable storage medium having instructions embodied thereon for encoding data at an evolved NodeB (eNB), the instructions when executed by one or more processors at the eNB perform the following: encoding a data stream to form forward error correction (FEC) encoded bits; selecting a coding rate; puncturing the FEC encoded bits with a puncturing pattem selected from one or more of n-1 polynomials in the puncturing pattern to obtain the selected coding rate, where n is an integer number of polynomials in the puncturing pattern; and performing constellation mapping of the punctured FEC encoded bits for a selected modulation coding scheme (MCS).

[00158] Example 48 includes the at least one machine readable storage medium in example 47 further comprising instructions, that when executed by one or more processors at the eNB, perform the following: encoding information for transmission on one or more of a transmitter resource acquisition and sounding (TAS) channel, a receiver resource acquisition and sounding (RAS) channel, and an acknowledgement (ACK) channel; and physical resource mapping the encoded information for burst repetitions, across multiple physical resource blocks (PRB), to achieve a combining gain at a receiver, wherein the information comprises payload bits that are configured by higher layer signalling or predetermined as a configuration parameter to be broadcast.

[00159] Example 49 includes the at least one machine readable storage medium in example 47, wherein the information comprises payload bits with a length-8 or, the burst repetitions for the TAS channel, the RAS channel, and the ACK channel are selected to maximize a Hamming distance.

[00160] Various techniques, or certain aspects or portions thereof, may take the form of program code (i.e., instructions) embodied in tangible media, such as floppy diskettes, compact disc-read-only memory (CD-ROMs), hard drives, non-transitory computer readable storage medium, or any other machine-readable storage medium wherein, when the program code is loaded into and executed by a machine, such as a computer, the machine becomes an apparatus for practicing the various techniques. In the case of program code execution on programmable computers, the computing device may include a processor, a storage medium readable by the processor (including volatile and nonvolatile memory and/or storage elements), at least one input device, and at least one output device. The volatile and non-volatile memory and/or storage elements may be a random-access memory (RAM), erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM), flash drive, optical drive, magnetic hard drive, solid state drive, or other medium for storing electronic data. The node and wireless device may also include a transceiver module (i.e., transceiver), a counter module (i.e., counter), a processing module (i.e., processor), and/or a clock module (i.e., clock) or timer module (i.e., timer). In one example, selected components of the transceiver module can be located in a cloud radio access network (C-RAN). One or more programs that may implement or utilize the various techniques described herein may use an application programming interface (API), reusable controls, and the like. Such programs may be implemented in a high level procedural or object oriented programming language to communicate with a computer system. However, the program(s) may be implemented in assembly or machine language, if desired. In any case, the language may be a compiled or interpreted language, and combined with hardware implementations.

[00161] As used herein, the term "circuitry" may refer to, be part of, or include an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), an electronic circuit, a processor (shared, dedicated, or group), and/or memory (shared, dedicated, or group) that execute one or more software or firmware programs, a combinational logic circuit, and/or other suitable hardware components that provide the described functionality. In some embodiments, the circuitry may be implemented in, or functions associated with the circuitry may be implemented by, one or more software or firmware modules. In some embodiments, circuitry may include logic, at least partially operable in hardware.

[00162] It should be understood that many of the functional units described in this specification have been labeled as modules, in order to more particularly emphasize their implementation independence. For example, a module may be implemented as a hardware circuit comprising custom very-large-scale integration (VLSI) circuits or gate arrays, off-the-shelf semiconductors such as logic chips, transistors, or other discrete components. A module may also be implemented in programmable hardware devices such as field programmable gate arrays, programmable array logic, programmable logic devices or the like.

[00163] Modules may also be implemented in software for execution by various types of processors. An identified module of executable code may, for instance, comprise one or more physical or logical blocks of computer instructions, which may, for instance, be organized as an object, procedure, or function. Nevertheless, the executables of an identified module may not be physically located together, but may comprise disparate instructions stored in different locations which, when joined logically together, comprise the module and achieve the stated purpose for the module.

[00164] Indeed, a module of executable code may be a single instruction, or many instructions, and may even be distributed over several different code segments, among different programs, and across several memory devices. Similarly, operational data may be identified and illustrated herein within modules, and may be embodied in any suitable form and organized within any suitable type of data structure. The operational data may be collected as a single data set, or may be distributed over different locations including over different storage devices, and may exist, at least partially, merely as electronic signals on a system or network. The modules may be passive or active, including agents operable to perform desired functions.

[00165] Reference throughout this specification to "an example" or "exemplary" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the example is included in at least one embodiment of the present technology. Thus, appearances of the phrases "in an example" or the word "exemplary" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.

[00166] As used herein, a plurality of items, structural elements, compositional elements, and/or materials may be presented in a common list for convenience. However, these lists should be construed as though each member of the list is individually identified as a separate and unique member. Thus, no individual member of such list should be construed as a de facto equivalent of any other member of the same list solely based on their presentation in a common group without indications to the contrary. In addition, various embodiments and example of the present technology may be referred to herein along with alternatives for the various components thereof. It is understood that such embodiments, examples, and alternatives are not to be construed as defacto equivalents of one another, but are to be considered as separate and autonomous representations of the present technology.

[00167] Furthermore, the described features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. In the following description, numerous specific details are provided, such as examples of layouts, distances, network examples, etc., to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the technology. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize, however, that the technology can be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or with other methods, components, layouts, etc. In other instances, well-known structures, materials, or operations are not shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of the technology.

[00168] While the forgoing examples are illustrative of the principles of the present technology in one or more particular applications, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that numerous modifications in form, usage and details of implementation can be made without the exercise of inventive faculty, and without departing from the principles and concepts of the technology. Accordingly, it is not intended that the technology be limited, except as by the claims set forth below.

Claims

CLAIMS What is claimed is:

1. An apparatus of a wearable User Equipment (wUE) operable to decode punctured data, the apparatus comprising memory; and one or more processors configured to:

descramble, at the wUE, bits received from a node to determine forward error correction (FEC) encoded bits;

de-puncture the FEC encoded bits with a puncturing partem selected from a first n-1 polynomials, where n is an integer number of polynomials in a puncturing pattern;

decode the de-punctured FEC encoded bits received in a first resource unit (RU) to reduce decoding latency of the received bits; and store the decoded bits in the memory.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the one or more processors are configured to perform a cyclic redundancy check on the decoded de-punctured bits to verify the bits received from the node.

3. The apparatus of claims 1 or 2 wherein the node is one or more of a network UE (nUE), an additional wUE, or an evolved Node B (eNB).

4. The apparatus of claims 1 or 2 wherein the bits received from the node are

convolutionally encoded.

5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein the convolutionally encoded bits are rate 1/3 convolutionally encoded.

6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the puncturing pattern comprises a bitmap wherein each of the bits in the bitmap with a value of one indicates that a bit in a corresponding position is transmitted and each of the bits in the bitmap with a value of zero indicates a bit that is not transmitted.

7. The apparatus of claims 1 or 6 wherein the puncturing pattern to obtain selected coding rates comprises:

8. The apparatus of claims 1 or 6 wherein the puncturing pattern is repeated based on a length of an encoded bits block.

9. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the received bits are received on a data shared channel at a receiver of the wUE.

10. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the data shared channel is configured to use link adaptation to maximize spectral efficiency by measuring channel state information at the receiver.

11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the measured channel state information is transmitted to select a transport block size for a Receiver Resource Acquisition and Sounding (RAS) Channel.

12. The apparatus of claims 1 or 2 wherein the one or more processors are configured to decode the de-punctured FEC encoded bits in a plurality of resource units (RUs), wherein the decoding of each of the plurality of RUs is performed sequentially based on an order of the RUs that are received.

13. An apparatus of a node operable to encode punctured data, the apparatus

comprising memory; and one or more processors configured to: convolutionally encode a data stream to form forward error correction (FEC) encoded bits;

select a coding rate;

puncture the FEC encoded bits with a puncturing pattern selected from one or more of n-1 polynomials in the puncturing pattern to obtain the selected coding rate, where n is an integer number of polynomials in the puncturing pattern;

store the punctured FEC encoded bits in the memory; and perform constellation mapping of the punctured FEC encoded bits for a selected modulation and coding scheme (MCS).

14. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the MCS is selected based on a received signal quality from a user equipment (UE) to select an MCS index in an MCS table.

15. The apparatus of claims 13 or 14 wherein the MCS table comprises an MCS table with 3-bit MCS index values, the MCS table comprising:

where index is the selected MCS index, Mod is a modulation type, and CR is a coding rate.

16. The apparatus of claims 13 or 14 wherein the MCS index value is transmitted to a UE using higher layer signalling from the node.

17. The apparatus of claims 13 or 14 wherein the MCS table further comprises an MCS table with 2-bit MCS index values, the MCS table comprising:

or comprising:

where index is the selected MCS index, Mod is a modulation type, and CR is a coding rate.

18. The apparatus of claims 13 or 14 wherein a 2-bit value or a 3 -bit value or a 4-bit value for the MCS index in the MCS table is transmitted from the node using higher layer signalling or is broadcast from the node as a configuration parameter.

19. The apparatus of claim 13, 16, or 18 wherein the node is one or more of a network user equipment (nUE), or an evolved node B (eNB).

20. At least one machine readable storage medium having instructions embodied thereon for encoding data at an evolved Node B (eNB), the instructions when executed by one or more processors at the eNB perform the following:

encoding a data stream to form forward error correction (FEC) encoded bits;

selecting a coding rate;

puncturing the FEC encoded bits with a puncturing partem selected from one or more of n-1 polynomials in the puncturing pattern to obtain the selected coding rate, where n is an integer number of polynomials in the puncturing pattern; and,

performing constellation mapping of the punctured FEC encoded bits for a selected modulation and coding scheme (MCS).

21. The at least one machine readable storage medium in claim 20 further comprising instructions, that when executed by one or more processors at the eNB, perform the following: encoding information for transmission on one or more of a transmitter resource acquisition and sounding (TAS) channel, a receiver resource acquisition and sounding (RAS) channel, and an acknowledgement (ACK) channel;

physical resource mapping the encoded information into a physical resource block (PRB); and, assign multiple PRBs for burst repetitions, to achieve a combining gain at a receiver.

22. The at least one machine readable storage medium in claim 21 , wherein the information comprises payload bits that are configured by higher layer signalling or predetermined as a configuration parameter to be broadcast.

23. The at least one machine readable storage medium in claim 21 , wherein the information comprises payload bits with a length-8.

24. The at least one machine readable storage medium in claim 21 , wherein the burst repetitions for the TAS channel, the RAS channel, and the ACK channel are selected to maximize a Hamming distance.

25. An apparatus of an node operable to encode punctured data, the apparatus

comprising memory; and one or more processors configured to:

descramble, at the node, bits received at the node to determine forward error correction (FEC) bits;

de-puncture the FEC bits with a puncturing partem selected from a first n-1 polynomials, where n is an integer number of polynomials in a puncturing partem;

decode the de-punctured FEC bits received in a first resource unit (RU) to reduce decoding latency of the received bits; and

store the decoded bits in the memory.

26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the node can be one or more network user equipment (nUE) or evolved node B (eNB).

27. The apparatus of claim 25 or 26, wherein the bits received at the node are

received: at the nUE from one or more of an additional nUE or the eNB; or, at the eNB from one or more of a wearable UE (wUE) or the nUE.

28. An apparatus of a wearable user equipment (wUE) to encode punctured data, the apparatus comprising memory; and one or more processors configured to:

convolutionally encode a data stream to form forward error correction (FEC) encoded bits;

select a coding rate;

puncture the FEC encoded bits with a puncturing pattern selected from one or more of n-1 polynomials in the puncturing pattern to obtain the selected coding rate, where n is an integer number of polynomials in the puncturing pattern;

store the punctured FEC encoded bits in the memory; and perform constellation mapping of the punctured FEC encoded bits for a selected modulation and coding scheme (MCS).

29. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein the selected MCS is selected using an MCS table with 3-bit MCS index values, the MCS table comprising:

where index is the selected MCS index, Mod is a modulation type, and CR is a coding rate.

30. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein the selected MCS is selected using an an MCS table with 2-bit MCS index values, the MCS table comprising:

or comprising:

where index is the selected MCS index, Mod is a modulation type, and CR is a coding rate.