WO2018077976A1 - Procédé de préparation d'un gazole automobile - Google Patents

Procédé de préparation d'un gazole automobile Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018077976A1
WO2018077976A1 PCT/EP2017/077355 EP2017077355W WO2018077976A1 WO 2018077976 A1 WO2018077976 A1 WO 2018077976A1 EP 2017077355 W EP2017077355 W EP 2017077355W WO 2018077976 A1 WO2018077976 A1 WO 2018077976A1
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Prior art keywords
gasoil
crude oil
fischer
high density
density
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PCT/EP2017/077355
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English (en)
Inventor
Erwin Henk MUNSTERMAN
Scott Ken OKAMURA
Nicolaas Immanuel VOS
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Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V.
Shell Oil Company
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Publication of WO2018077976A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018077976A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
    • C10L1/08—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for compression ignition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G7/00—Distillation of hydrocarbon oils

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for preparing a gasoil fraction and to a process for
  • a Fischer- Tropsch derived gasoil has essentially no, or
  • GTL gasoil as a component in diesel fuel is that it has a low density, typically around 0.78 g/ml, which means that it tends to lower the density of any final fuel blend.
  • Naphthenic blending components may be derived from so-called naphthenic crude sources, for example by hydrotreating gasoil from naphthenic high density crude such as West African (WAF) crude or by hydrogenation of light cycle oils as obtained in a catalytic cracking process.
  • Gasoils produced from naphthenic crudes tend to have high densities, however, as well as low cetane number, and therefore may lie outside those required by certain diesel specifications, such as EN590.
  • Maximum density limits of international diesel qualities are currently set in order to meet diesel car emissions requirements. Density limits are to allow fuel energy flow to be controlled. In the EU, the maximum
  • European application no. 15194098.8 discloses a process for preparing a diesel fuel composition
  • naphthenics content of 30 wt% or greater
  • step (ii) mixing the blended gasoil produced in step (i) with a diesel base fuel to form a diesel fuel composition, wherein the diesel fuel composition has a density at 15 °C in the range from 0.820 g/cm 3 to 0.845 g/cm 3 .
  • Such method involves the blending of two gasoils, namely a gasoil derived from a Fischer-Tropsch process and a gasoil derived from a naphthenic high density petroleum crude.
  • a gasoil derived from a Fischer-Tropsch process and a gasoil derived from a naphthenic high density petroleum crude.
  • it would be desirable to provide an alternative simplified process for preparing a gasoil and/or a diesel fuel composition which does not rely on the blending of final gasoil products.
  • step (ii) subjecting the modified naphthenic high density petroleum crude oil produced in step (i) to atmospheric distillation to produce a gasoil fraction preferably having a density of 0.82 g/cm 3 or greater, and a cetane index of 46 or greater.
  • step (ii) subjecting the modified naphthenic high density petroleum crude oil produced in step (i) to atmospheric distillation to produce a gasoil fraction preferably having a density of 0.82 g/cm 3 or greater and a cetane index of 46 or greater;
  • step (iii) optionally subjecting the gasoil fraction produced in step (ii) to a hydrotreatment step to produce a hydrotreated gasoil fraction;
  • step (iv) mixing the gasoil fraction produced in step (ii) or the hydrotreated gasoil fraction produced in step (iii) with a diesel base fuel to form a diesel fuel
  • composition preferably wherein the diesel fuel
  • composition has a density in the range from 0.820 g/cm 3 to 0.845 g/cm 3 .
  • This invention provides a way to improve the
  • gasoil fractions or gasoil streams derived from predominantly naphthenic crudes by blending Fischer- Tropsch derived gasoil directly into those crudes at any point of the chain before the atmospheric distillation step .
  • the Fischer-Tropsch derived gasoil is separated together with the gasoil cut from the naphthenic crude oil into one middle distillate stream.
  • the properties of the gasoil fraction from the modified naphthenic crude such as density, cetane number, sulphur level, and cold flow properties (as measured by one or more of CFPP, pour point, freeze point and cloud point) , as well as power and fuel economy benefits, are advantageously improved compared to an automotive gas oil fraction derived from a pure naphthenic crude (not containing Fischer-Trosch derived gasoil) and are highly beneficial for
  • the final diesel fuel composition produced by the process of the present invention preferably has the advantage that it meets the prevailing diesel specification EN590 and/or has enhanced or substantially improved characteristics as compared to the original diesel base fuel.
  • the process of the present invention provides a simplified method of producing a gasoil fraction and a diesel fuel composition which includes said gasoil fraction.
  • the method of the present invention provides a simplified method of producing a gasoil fraction and a diesel fuel composition which includes said gasoil fraction.
  • the present invention avoids the need to blend two finished gasoil products to provide the desired gasoil blend. Instead, the present invention provides a way to automatically produce a desired gasoil stream by introducing a Fischer- Tropsch gasoil into the naphthenic crude oil at any point before the atmospheric distillation step.
  • the Fischer-Tropsch derived gasoil and the naphthenic high density crude oil are compatible with each other in the present process. Since GTL gasoil is highly paraffinic, and since crude oil contains asphaltenes which are not generally compatible with paraffins, it may have been expected that the GTL gasoil and naphthenic high density crude oil blends used in the present invention would not have been stable. However, it has surprisingly been found that the Fisher-Tropsch gas oil is compatible with the naphthenic high density crude oil and that blends of the Fischer-Tropsch derived gasoil and naphthenic high density crude oil are stable.
  • the present invention can be used to improve the volume of middle distillates in the crude diet. This is advantageous since middle distillates are among the most valuable streams from a commercial viewpoint .
  • naphthenics as used herein means
  • cycloparaffinic components cycloparaffinic components.
  • the "naphthenics content" of the naphthenic high density petroleum crude oil can be measured using any known test method, such as a
  • a Fischer-Tropsch gasoil is blended with a naphthenic high density petroleum crude oil to produce a modified naphthenic high density petroleum crude oil.
  • the Fischer-Tropsch gasoil may for example be derived from natural gas, natural gas liquids, petroleum or shale oil, petroleum or shale oil processing residues, coal or biomass.
  • the amount of Fischer-Tropsch derived gasoil used in the process herein may be up to 60 vol%, preferably from 1 vol% to 50 vol%, more preferably from 1 vol% to 40 vol%, even more preferably from 10 vol% to 30 vol%, based on the modified naphthenic high density petroleum crude oil produced in step (i) of the process.
  • the Fischer-Tropsch derived gasoil is any fraction of the middle distillate fuel range boiling in the gasoil range, which can be isolated from the (optionally hydrocracked) Fischer-Tropsch synthesis product.
  • Fischer-Tropsch derived gasoils are described in EP-A-0583836, WO-A-97/14768, WO-A-97 /14769 , WO-A- 00/11116, WO-A-00/11117, WO-A-01/83406, WO-A-01/83648 , WO-A-01/83647, WO-A-01/83641, O-A-00/20535, WO-A- 00/20534, EP-A-1101813, US-A-576627 , US-A-5378348, US-A-
  • the Fischer-Tropsch derived gasoil will consist of at least 90, more preferably at least 95 wt%, even more preferably at least 98 wt%, iso and normal paraffins.
  • the weight ratio of iso-paraffins to normal paraffins will suitably be greater than 0.3. This ratio may be up to 12. Suitably this ratio is between 2 and 6. The actual value for this ratio will be determined, in part, by the hydroconversion process used to prepare the Fischer-Tropsch derived gasoil from the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis product. Some cycloparaffins may be present.
  • the content of sulphur and nitrogen will be very low and normally below the detection limits for such compounds.
  • the sulphur content of a diesel fuel composition containing a Fischer-Tropsch product may be very low or lower than the sulphur level of the starting base diesel fuel.
  • the Fischer-Tropsch gasoil used in the present invention preferably has a density of 0.8 g/cra 3 or less, more preferably from 0.76 to 0.79 g/cm 3 at 15°C.
  • the Fischer-Tropsch gasoil preferably has a viscosity at 40°C of from 2.0 to 4.5 mm 2 /s, more preferably from 2.5 to 4.0 mm 2 /s .
  • the Fischer-Tropsch derived gasoil used in the present invention preferably has a cetane index of 70 or more according to ASTM D4737-A.
  • the naphthenic high density petroleum crude oil as used herein preferably has a density of 0.84 g/cm 3 or greater, more preferably 0.85 g/cm 3 or greater, more preferably 0.86 g/cm 3 or greater, at 15°C, and a
  • naphthenics content of 30 wt% or greater, more preferably 40 wt% of greater, even more preferably 50 wt% of greater, as measured by a multidimensional
  • the naphthenic high density petroleum crude oil used herein generally contains a higher combined amount of naphthenic and aromatic components compared with the paraffins content.
  • the naphthenic high density petroleum crude oil is a West African (WAF) crude oil, for example Forcados, Bonga, Nigerian Light, Cabinda, Bonny Medium, and the like. Further information on different types of petroleum crude oils can be found on the Energy Institute website at http : //www. oil- transport . info/crudedata/crudeoildata/crudeoildata . html .
  • WAF West African
  • step (i) of the process herein the Fischer- Tropsch derived gasoil is blended with the high density napthenic crude oil preferably in such a ratio that the resulting gasoil fraction has a density of 0.82 g/cm 3 or higher, more preferably from 0.830 to 0.860 g/cm 3 at 15°C, and a cetane index of 46 or greater according to ASTM D4737-A.
  • Fischer-Tropsch derived gasoil is blended with the high density
  • step (ii) naphthenic crude oil in such a ratio that the kinematic viscosity of the resulting gasoil fraction produced after the atmospheric distillation in step (ii) is at least 3 iratiVs and at most 4.5 mm 2 /s at 40°C.
  • the Fischer-Tropsch derived gasoil is preferably blended into the high density naphthenic crude oil in step (i) at a level in the range of from 10 wt% to 80 wt%, more
  • step (i) preferably from 20 wt% to 60 wt%, even more preferably from 30wt% to 50 wt%, especially from 40wt% to 50wt%, by weight of the modified high density naphthenic crude oil formed in step (i) .
  • the presence of a large quantity of Fischer-Tropsch derived gasoil in the modified high density naphthenic crude oil formed in step (i) means that the gravimetric energy density will be high which is expected to be beneficial for power and fuel economy.
  • step (ii) of the process the modified naphthenic high density petroleum crude oil is subjected to
  • the gasoil fraction produced from the atmospheric distillation process preferably has an ASTM D86 IBP of between 250 and 300°C and a FBP of between 340 and 380°C.
  • the gasoil fraction produced in step (ii) can optionally be subjected to a hydrotreatment step (iii) . Once the gasoil stream has been subjected to a
  • the final hydrotreated gasoil may be used as is, i.e. without the need for blending of
  • cetane improvers may not be need to be added to the final hydrotreated gasoil .
  • the hydrotreatment step (iii) results in a gasoil fraction having a lower sulphur content.
  • hydrotreatment step (iii) has a sulphur content of 0.10 wt% or less.
  • the gasoil fraction formed in step (ii) or gasoil stream produced in step (iii) has a kinematic viscosity at 40°C of at least 3 mm 2 /s, more preferably at least 3.5 mm 2 /s and even more preferably at least 4 mm 2 /s.
  • the high viscosity of the gasoil formed in step (ii) or gasoil stream produced in step (iii) is likely to be beneficial for power.
  • the gasoil fraction produced in step (ii) or gasoil stream produced in step (iii) has a density at 15°C of 0.82 g/cm 3 or greater, preferably in the range of from 0.82 g/cm 3 to 0.860 g/cm 3 , more preferably in the range from 0.830 g/cm 3 to 0.860 g/cm 3 , even more preferably in the range from 0.830 g/cm 3 to 0.845 g/cm 3 , and especially in the range from 0.835 g/cm 3 to 0.845 g/cm 3 .
  • the gasoil fraction produced in step (ii) or gasoil stream produced in step (iii) has a density at 15°C of 0.82 g/cm 3 or greater, preferably in the range of from 0.82 g/cm 3 to 0.860 g/cm 3 , more preferably in the range from 0.830 g/cm 3 to 0.860 g/c
  • step (ii)/(iii) is preferably towards the upper end of the density ranges specified, which will be beneficial (or at least not detrimental compared to the market) for power and fuel economy (FE) .
  • the gasoil stream formed in step (ii)/(iii) has a cetane index of 46 or higher, more preferably 48 or higher, even more preferably 58 or higher.
  • the high cetane index of the gasoil fraction produced in step (ii)/(iii) is likely to be beneficial for fuel economy.
  • the gasoil stream produced in step (ii) or (iii) has a naphthenic content of 40 wt% or greater.
  • the gasoil stream produced after the hydrotreatment step (iii) has a sulphur content of 0.1 wt% or less.
  • step (ii) / (iii) has improved cold flow properties.
  • the gasoil stream formed in step (ii)/(iii) of the process has a CFPP of -44 °C or higher, more preferably - 20°C or higher as measured by AST D6371.
  • the gasoil stream formed in step (ii)/(iii) has a cloud point of -34 °C or higher, more preferably -10 °C or higher as measured by ASTM D2500.
  • the gasoil fraction produced in step (ii) of the process has improved density and cetane characteristics, and after hydrotreatment step (iii) can be labelled as an automotive gasoil for regulatory purposes (additives may be required).
  • the gasoil fraction from step (ii)/(iii) can then be optionally blended with diesel base fuel in step (iv) of the process of the present invention.
  • the time between step (ii)/(iii) and step (iv) in the process of the present invention can be zero hours or a few minutes, i.e. the gasoil fraction produced in step (ii) or the hydrotreated gasoil stream produced in step (iii) can be blended immediately or practically immediately with a diesel base fuel in step (iv) .
  • the time between step (ii)/(iii) and step (iv) in the process of the present invention can be several hours, days, weeks, months or years depending on when the final diesel fuel composition is needed and where the different blending steps are carried out.
  • Blending can either be performed by so-called inline blending, on-line blending or batch blending. This depends on the level of automation and logistical capability.
  • the gasoil product produced in step (ii) or gasoil stream produced in step (iii) is preferably in itself EN590 compliant (subject to addition of
  • step (iv) takes place, including, for example, to a ship, pipeline, railcar or truck road tanker or other means of transport.
  • step (ii) / (iii) and step (iv) of the process of the present invention is being applied between step (ii) / (iii) and step (iv) of the process of the present invention and the final diesel fuel formulations are directly discharged into the relevant vehicle/location, such as for example, ship, pipeline, railcar or truck road tanker, and the like.
  • the measurement and control of the quality or property of the blend in line can be performed by well known techniques, for example near Infrared (NIR) .
  • NIR near Infrared
  • the gasoil fraction produced in step (ii)/(iii) is preferably mixed with a diesel base fuel in optional step (iv) to produce a diesel fuel composition, preferably in a weight ratio of from 1:100 to 100:1, more preferably in a weight ratio of from 10:90 to 30:70.
  • the diesel fuel composition prepared according to the process of the present invention preferably has a density in the range from 0.820 g/cm 3 to 0.845 g/cm 3 , more preferably in the range from 0.830 g/cm 3 to 0.845 g/cm 3 , even more preferably in the range from 0.835 g/cm 3 to 0.845 g/cm 3 .
  • the diesel fuel composition prepared according to the process of the present invention preferably has a viscosity at 40 °C in the range from 3 mm 2 /s to 4 mm 2 /s, more preferably in the range from 3.5 mm 2 /s to 4 mm 2 /s.
  • the diesel fuel composition herein has a cetane index of 46 or more, 48 or more, or 58 or more.
  • cetane number may be determined in any known manner, for instance using the standard test procedure ASTM D613 (ISO 5165, IP 41) which provides a so-called “measured” cetane number obtained under engine running conditions . More preferably the cetane number may be determined using the more recent and accurate “ignition quality test” (IQT; ASTM D6890, IP 498), which provides a "derived” cetane number based on the time delay between injection and combustion of a fuel sample introduced into a constant volume combustion chamber. This relatively rapid
  • cetane number or derived ignition quality of a fuel can be tested using a Combustion
  • CRU Research Unit obtained from Fueltech Solutions AS/Norway. Fuels were injected into a constant volume combustion chamber preconditioned as set conditions.
  • cetane number may be measured by near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) , as for example described in US5349188. This method may be preferred in a refinery environment as it can be less cumbersome than for NIR.
  • NIR measurements make use of a correlation between the measured spectrum and the actual cetane number of a sample.
  • An underlying model is prepared by correlating the known cetane numbers of a variety of fuel samples with their near infrared spectral data .
  • the engine in which the diesel fuel composition herein is used may be any appropriate engine.
  • the fuel is a diesel or biodiesel fuel composition
  • the engine is a diesel or compression ignition engine.
  • any type of diesel engine may be used, such as a turbo charged diesel engine.
  • the invention is applicable to any engine in any vehicle or any combination thereof.
  • the gasoil fraction produced in step (ii)/(iii) of the present invention is preferably blended in step (iv) with a diesel base fuel suitable for use in an internal combustion engine.
  • the diesel fuel used as the base fuel herein is the diesel fuel used as the base fuel herein.
  • diesel fuels for use in automotive compression ignition engines, as well as in other types of engine such as for example off road, marine, railroad and stationary engines.
  • the diesel fuel used as the base fuel in the diesel fuel composition herein may
  • iesel base fuel' conveniently also be referred to as iesel base fuel' .
  • the diesel base fuel may itself comprise a mixture of two or more different diesel fuel components, and/or be additivated as described below.
  • diesel base fuel as used herein includes both finished grade base fuels as well as diesel/gasoil basestocks which do not meet a finished grade fuel specification.
  • Such diesel fuels will contain one or more base fuels which may typically comprise liguid hydrocarbon middle distillate gasoil (s), for instance petroleum derived gasoils.
  • base fuels which may typically comprise liguid hydrocarbon middle distillate gasoil (s), for instance petroleum derived gasoils.
  • Such fuels will typically have boiling points within the usual diesel range of 150 to 400°C, depending on grade and use. They will typically have a density from 750 to 1000 kg/m 3 , preferably from 780 to 860 kg/m 3 , at 15°C (e.g. ASTM D4502 or IP 365) and a cetane number (ASTM D613) of from 35 to 120, more preferably from 40 to 85. They will typically have an initial boiling point in the range 150 to 230°C and a final boiling point in the range 290 to 400°C. Their kinematic viscosity at 40°C (ASTM D445) might suitably be from 1.2 to 4.5 mm ⁇ /s.
  • An example of a petroleum derived gasoil is a
  • diesel fuel components for use herein include the so-called “biofuels” which derive from biological materials.
  • biofuels include fatty acid alkyl esters
  • the diesel base fuel may itself be additivated
  • additive-containing or unadditivated (additive-free) . If additivated, e.g. at the refinery, it will contain minor amounts of one or more additives selected for example from anti-static agents, pipeline drag reducers, cold flow improvers (e.g. ethylene/vinyl acetate
  • additive-free additive components or additive packages such as those described herein, may- still be added to the diesel fuel composition during or after the process for preparing the diesel fuel
  • the process of the present invention comprises an additional step (iv) of adding an additive package or additive component to the diesel fuel composition.
  • Detergent-containing diesel fuel additives are known and commercially available. Such additives may be added to diesel fuels at levels intended to reduce, remove, or slow the build-up of engine deposits.
  • detergents suitable for use as diesel fuel additives for the present purpose include polyolefin substituted succinimides or succinamides of polyamines, for instance polyisobutylene succinimides or
  • dispersant additives are described for example in GB-A- 960493, EP-A-0147240, EP-A-0482253, . EP-A-0613938 , EP-A- 0557516 and WO-A-98/42808. Particularly preferred are polyolefin substituted succinimides such as
  • detergents suitable for use in diesel fuel additives for the present purpose include compounds having at least one hydrophobic hydrocarbon radical having a number-average molecular weight (Mn) of from 85 to 20 000 and at least one polar moiety selected from:
  • polyamines suitable for use in diesel fuel additives for the present purpose include quaternary ammonium salts such as those disclosed in US2012/0102826, US2012/0010112, WO2011/149799, WO2011/110860,
  • the diesel fuel additive mixture may contain other components in addition to the detergent.
  • lubricity enhancers e.g. alkoxylated phenol formaldehyde polymers
  • anti-foaming agents e.g.
  • ignition improvers cetane improvers
  • cetane improvers e.g. 2-ethylhexyl nitrate (EHN) , cyclohexyl nitrate, di-tert-butyl peroxide, those
  • anti-rust agents e.g. a propane-1 , 2-diol semi-ester of tetrapropenyl succinic acid, or polyhydric alcohol esters of a succinic acid derivative, the succinic acid derivative having on at least one of its alpha-carbon atoms an unsubstituted or substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing from 20 to 500 carbon atoms, e.g.
  • the pentaerythritol diester of polyisobutylene-substituted succinic acid ; corrosion inhibitors; reodorants; anti-wear additives; anti-oxidants (e.g. phenolics such as 2,6-di-tert- butylphenol, or phenylenediamines such as N,N'-di-sec- butyl-p-phenylenediamine) ; metal deactivators; combustion improvers; static dissipator additives; cold flow
  • organic sunscreen compounds and/or UV filter compounds improvers; organic sunscreen compounds and/or UV filter compounds, and wax anti-settling agents.
  • the diesel fuel additive mixture may contain a lubricity enhancer, especially when the diesel fuel composition has a low (e.g. 500 ppmw or less) sulphur content.
  • the lubricity enhancer is conveniently present at a low (e.g. 500 ppmw or less) sulphur content.
  • enhancers include ester- and acid-based additives.
  • Other lubricity enhancers are described in the patent
  • composition to contain an anti-foaming agent, more preferably in combination with an anti-rust agent and/or a corrosion inhibitor and/or a lubricity enhancing additive .
  • concentration of each such optional additive component in the additivated diesel fuel composition is preferably up to 10000 ppmw, more preferably in the range from 0.1 to 1000 ppmw, advantageously from 0.1 to 300 ppmw, such as from 0.1 to 150 ppmw.
  • the (active matter) concentration of any dehazer in the diesel fuel composition will preferably be in the range from 0.1 to 20 ppmw, more preferably from 1 to 15 ppmw, still more preferably from 1 to 10 ppmw, and especially from 1 to 5 ppmw.
  • the (active matter) concentration of any ignition improver (e.g. 2-EHN) present will preferably be 2600 ppmw or less, more preferably 2000 ppmw or less, even more preferably 300 to 1500 ppmw.
  • the (active matter) concentration of any detergent in the diesel fuel composition will preferably be in the range from 5 to 1500 ppmw, more preferably from 10 to 750 ppmw, most preferably from 20 to 500 ppmw.
  • the fuel additive mixture will typically contain a detergent, optionally together with other components as described above, and a diesel fuel-compatible diluent, which may be a mineral oil, a solvent such as those sold by Shell companies under the trade mark "SHELLSOL", a polar solvent such as an ester and, in particular, an alcohol, e.g. hexanol, 2-ethylhexanol , decanol,
  • a detergent optionally together with other components as described above
  • a diesel fuel-compatible diluent which may be a mineral oil, a solvent such as those sold by Shell companies under the trade mark "SHELLSOL", a polar solvent such as an ester and, in particular, an alcohol, e.g. hexanol, 2-ethylhexanol , decanol,
  • LINEVOL 79 alcohol which is a mixture of C7--9 primary alcohols, or a ⁇ 3 ⁇ 42-1 alcohol mixture which is commercially available.
  • the total content of the additives in the diesel fuel composition may be suitably between 0 and 10000 ppmw and preferably below 5000 ppmw.
  • amounts (concentrations, % vol, ppmw, % wt) of components are of active matter, i.e. exclusive of volatile solvents/diluent materials.
  • each of the blends were subjected to atmospheric distillation which produced a number of fractions (for example, boiling in the naphtha, kerosene and gasoil (AGO) range, among others) .
  • Table 2 shows properties of the kerosene and gasoil fractions after distillation of the Forcados crude oil alone.
  • Table 3 shows properties of the kerosene and the gasoil fractions after
  • Table 4 shows properties of the kerosene and the gasoil fractions after distillation of the blend of 30% GTL gasoil/70% Forcados crude oil.
  • Bonga crude oil was blended with a GTL derived ga£ oil at a blend ratio of 10%v GTL gasoil/90%v Bonga crude oil.
  • a second blend was also produced having a blend ratio of 30%v GTL gasoil/70%v Bonga crude oil.
  • Table 1 also shows properties of the 10/90 and 30/70 blends (before they are subjected to distillation) .
  • each of the blends were subjected to atmospheric distillation which produced a number of fractions (for example, boiling in the naphtha, kerosene and gasoil (AGO) range, among others) .
  • Table 5 shows properties of the kerosene and gasoil fractions after distillation of the Bonga crude oil alone.
  • Table 6 shows properties of the kerosene and the gasoil fractions after distillation of the blend of 10% GTL gasoil/90% Bonga crude oil.
  • Table 7 shows properties of the kerosene and the gasoil fractions after distillation of the blend of 30% GTL gasoil/70% Bonga crude oil.
  • a drop of the test solution is allowed to spread by absorption into a filter paper disc of specified grade at 60 "C.
  • the spot thus formed is washed with heptane and subsequently examined for the presence of a dark inner ring.
  • the absence of a ring indicates that the the components of the blend are compatible at the applied blending ratio.
  • Bonga/GTL gasoil blends are shown in Table 9 below.
  • the gasoil streams produced from the 10/90 and 30/70 blends of GTL gasoil and Bonga or Forcados crude oil have improved density and cetane number characteristics compared with those of the Automotive Gasoil (AGO) produced from the respective pure crude oil.
  • the gasoil streams produced from the 10/90 and 30/70 blends of GTL gasoil and crude oil have a lower density and a higher cetane number than the AGO produced from the respective pure Bonga or Forcados crude oil.
  • gasoil streams produced from the 10/90 and 30/70 blends of GTL gasoil and Bonga/Forcados crude oil have an increased density compared with the pure GTL gasoil .
  • gasoil streams produced from the 10/90 and 30/70 blends of the GTL gasoil and Bonga or Forcados crude oil have improved cold flow properties compared with those of the Automotive Gasoil (AGO) produced from the respective pure crude oil.
  • the gasoil streams from the 10/90 and 30/70 blends of the GTL gasoil and Bonga or Forcados crude oil have lower cloud points and CFPPs than the AGO produced from the respective pure Bonga or Forcados crude oil.
  • gasoil streams produced from the 10/90 and 30/70 blends of GTL gasoil and Bonga/Forcados crude oil advantageously have decreased amounts of sulphur compared to the AGO produced from the respective pure Bonga or Forcados crude oil.

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  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de préparation d'un flux de gazole comprenant les étapes consistant à : (i) mélanger un gazole dérivé de Fischer-Tropsch avec une huile brute de pétrole naphténique à haute densité pour produire une huile brute de pétrole naphténique à haute densité modifiée, le gazole dérivé de Fischer-Tropsch ayant une densité de 0,8 g/cm 3 ou moins ; (ii) soumettre l'huile brute de pétrole naphténique à haute densité modifiée, produite à l'étape (i) à la distillation atmosphérique pour produire une fraction de gazole ayant une densité de 0,82 g/cm 3 ou plus et un indice de cétane de 46 ou plus. La présente invention décrit une manière d'améliorer les propriétés de flux de gazole issus de bruts principalement naphténiques en mélangeant directement du gazole dérivé de Fischer-Tropsch dans ces bruts en tout point de la chaîne avant l'étape de distillation atmosphérique.
PCT/EP2017/077355 2016-10-27 2017-10-25 Procédé de préparation d'un gazole automobile WO2018077976A1 (fr)

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EP16196093.5 2016-10-27

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WO2011149799A1 (fr) 2010-05-25 2011-12-01 The Lubrizol Corporation Procédé pour fournir un gain de puissance dans un moteur
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EP0147240A2 (fr) 1983-12-30 1985-07-03 Ethyl Corporation Compositions de combustibles et des concentrés d'additifs, et leur utilisations pour inhiber la formation de dépôts
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EP0482253A1 (fr) 1990-10-23 1992-04-29 Ethyl Petroleum Additives Limited Compositions de combustible bonnes pour l'environnement, et additifs pour
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WO2001083406A2 (fr) 2000-05-02 2001-11-08 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Melanges de carburants diesel conventionnels et fischer-tropsch a faibles emissions et a faible teneur en soufre
WO2001083641A2 (fr) 2000-05-02 2001-11-08 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Production de carburant diesel utilise en hiver a partir de cires obtenues par synthese de fischer-tropsch
WO2001083648A2 (fr) 2000-05-02 2001-11-08 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Melanges a faibles emissions constitues de carburant f-t/matiere premiere de craquage
WO2001083647A2 (fr) 2000-05-02 2001-11-08 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Carburants diesel de fischer-tropsch de large coupe
WO2002070631A2 (fr) 2001-03-05 2002-09-12 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Procede de preparation d'une huile lubrifiante de base
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US20070021636A1 (en) * 2003-05-22 2007-01-25 Willem Bosch Process to upgrade kerosenes and a gasoils from naphthenic and aromatic crude petroleum sources
WO2006135881A2 (fr) 2005-06-16 2006-12-21 The Lubrizol Corporation Detergents a base de sel d'ammonium quaternaire utilisables dans des combustibles
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WO2011110860A1 (fr) 2010-03-10 2011-09-15 Innospec Limited Composition de carburant comprenant un additif détergent et un additif sel d'ammonium quaternaire
WO2011149799A1 (fr) 2010-05-25 2011-12-01 The Lubrizol Corporation Procédé pour fournir un gain de puissance dans un moteur
US20120010112A1 (en) 2010-07-06 2012-01-12 Basf Se Acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds and use thereof as additives in fuels and lubricants
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