EP3184612A1 - Procédé de préparation d'une composition de carburant diesel - Google Patents

Procédé de préparation d'une composition de carburant diesel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3184612A1
EP3184612A1 EP15201686.1A EP15201686A EP3184612A1 EP 3184612 A1 EP3184612 A1 EP 3184612A1 EP 15201686 A EP15201686 A EP 15201686A EP 3184612 A1 EP3184612 A1 EP 3184612A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
diesel
cetane
fuel
base fuel
diesel base
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EP15201686.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
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Richard James Stradling
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Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
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Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/12—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving the cetane number
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/23—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites
    • C10L1/231—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites nitro compounds; nitrates; nitrites
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/1811—Organic compounds containing oxygen peroxides; ozonides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
    • C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
    • C10L2200/0407—Specifically defined hydrocarbon fractions as obtained from, e.g. a distillation column
    • C10L2200/0438—Middle or heavy distillates, heating oil, gasoil, marine fuels, residua
    • C10L2200/0446—Diesel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2270/00—Specifically adapted fuels
    • C10L2270/06—Specifically adapted fuels for fuel cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/24—Mixing, stirring of fuel components
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/60—Measuring or analysing fractions, components or impurities or process conditions during preparation or upgrading of a fuel

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for preparing a diesel fuel composition, in particular to a process for preparing a diesel fuel composition where the diesel fuel composition so prepared has an increased cetane number.
  • the cetane number of a fuel composition is a measure of its ease of ignition and combustion.
  • a compression ignition (diesel) engine tends to be more difficult to start and may run more noisily when cold; conversely a fuel of higher cetane number tends to impart easier cold starting, to lower engine noise and to alleviate white smoke ("cold smoke”) caused by incomplete combustion.
  • diesel fuel compositions there is a general preference, therefore, for a diesel fuel composition to have a high cetane number, a preference which has become stronger as emissions legislation grows increasingly stringent, and as such automotive diesel specifications generally stipulate a minimum cetane number.
  • many diesel fuel compositions contain ignition improvers, also known as cetane boost additives or cetane (number) improvers/enhancers, to ensure compliance with such specifications and generally to improve the combustion characteristics of the fuel.
  • Organic nitrates have been known for some time as ignition accelerants in fuels, and some are also known to increase the cetane number of diesel fuels.
  • Perhaps the most commonly used diesel fuel ignition improver is 2-ethylhexyl nitrate (2-EHN), which operates by shortening the ignition delay of a fuel to which it is added.
  • Cetane blending is a practice which involves the blending of two or more fuels, each having a certain cetane number. Cetane blending is normally considered to follow a linear-by-volume rule. This is the case for diesel fuels which don't contain 2-EHN cetane improvers or fuels that contain relatively similar 2-EHN concentrations.
  • the process of the present invention has the effect of increasing the cetane number of the diesel fuel composition, such as to a desired or target cetane number.
  • a method for increasing the cetane number of a diesel fuel composition obtained by blending at least two diesel base fuels wherein the method comprises:
  • the process and method of the present invention may additionally or alternatively be used to adjust any property of the fuel composition which is equivalent to or associated with cetane number, for example, to improve the combustion performance of the fuel composition, e.g. to modify/shorten ignition delays (i.e. the time between fuel injection and ignition in a combustion chamber during use of the fuel), to facilitate cold starting or to reduce incomplete combustion and/or associated emissions in a fuel-consuming system running on the fuel composition, and/or to improve fuel economy or exhaust emissions generally.
  • modify/shorten ignition delays i.e. the time between fuel injection and ignition in a combustion chamber during use of the fuel
  • to facilitate cold starting or to reduce incomplete combustion and/or associated emissions in a fuel-consuming system running on the fuel composition e.g. to improve fuel economy or exhaust emissions generally.
  • Figure 1 is a graphical representation of the results shown in Table 1 below.
  • diesel fuel composition is a fuel composition in liquid form suitable for use in a diesel/compression ignition internal combustion engine.
  • cetane (number) improver and “cetane (number) enhancer” are used interchangeably to encompass any component that, when added to a fuel composition at a suitable concentration, has the effect of increasing the cetane number of the fuel composition relative to its previous cetane number under one or more engine conditions within the operating conditions of the respective fuel or engine.
  • a cetane number improver or enhancer may also be referred to as a cetane number increasing additive / agent or the like.
  • the cetane number of a fuel composition may be determined in any known manner, for instance using the standard test procedure ASTM D613 (ISO 5165, IP 41) which provides a so-called “measured” cetane number obtained under engine running conditions. More preferably the cetane number may be determined using the more recent and accurate “ignition quality test” (IQT; ASTM D6890, IP 498), which provides a "derived” cetane number based on the time delay between injection and combustion of a fuel sample introduced into a constant volume combustion chamber. This relatively rapid technique can be used on laboratory scale (ca 100 ml) samples of a range of different fuels.
  • cetane number may be measured by near infrared spectroscopy (NIR), as for example described in US5349188 . This method may be preferred in a refinery environment as it can be less cumbersome than for instance ASTM D613. NIR measurements make use of a correlation between the measured spectrum and the actual cetane number of a sample. An underlying model is prepared by correlating the known cetane numbers of a variety of fuel samples with their near infrared spectral data.
  • NIR near infrared spectroscopy
  • the process of the present invention is carried out so as to adjust the cetane number of the resulting diesel fuel composition or to achieve or reach a desired target cetane number for the resulting diesel fuel composition.
  • a target cetane number can also embrace exceeding that number.
  • the target cetane number may be a target minimum cetane number.
  • the present invention suitably results in a fuel composition which has a derived cetane number (IP 498) of 40 or greater, preferably 50 or greater, more preferably of 51, 52, 53, 54 or 55 or greater.
  • IP 498 derived cetane number
  • the resultant fuel composition may have a cetane number of 60 or greater, 65 or greater or even 70 or greater.
  • the present invention may additionally or alternatively be used to adjust any property of the fuel composition which is equivalent to or associated with cetane number, for example, to improve the combustion performance of the fuel composition, e.g. to shorten ignition delays (i.e. the time between fuel injection and ignition in a combustion chamber during use of the fuel), to facilitate cold starting or to reduce incomplete combustion and/or associated emissions in a fuel-consuming system running on the fuel composition and/or to improve fuel economy or exhaust emissions generally.
  • shorten ignition delays i.e. the time between fuel injection and ignition in a combustion chamber during use of the fuel
  • shorten ignition delays i.e. the time between fuel injection and ignition in a combustion chamber during use of the fuel
  • the process of the present invention may be used to increase the cetane number of a diesel fuel composition.
  • an "increase" in the context of cetane number embraces any degree of increase compared to a previously measured cetane number under the same or equivalent conditions.
  • the increase is suitably compared to the cetane number of an analogous fuel composition which has not been prepared according to the process of the present invention, or compared to the cetane number which would have been expected if at least two diesel base fuels were blended to produce a diesel fuel composition and if a conventional linear-by-volume rule had been applied to the blending process.
  • an increase in cetane number of a fuel relative to a comparative fuel may be inferred by a measured increase in combustibility or a measured decrease in ignition delay for the comparative fuels.
  • the increase in cetane number (or the decrease in ignition delay, for example) may be measured and/or reported in any suitable manner, such as in terms of a percentage increase or decrease, or such as in terms of an increase in cetane number units.
  • the increase in cetane number may be at least 0.1 cetane number units, such as at least 0.5 cetane number units.
  • the increase in cetane number is at least 1 cetane number units, at least 2 cetane number units, at least 3 cetane number units, at least 4 cetane number units or at least 5 cetane number units.
  • the increase in cetane number may be at least 9 or 10 cetane number units, or even at least 15 cetane number units.
  • any measurable improvement in cetane number or modification of ignition delay may provide a worthwhile advantage, depending on what other factors are considered important, e.g. availability, cost, safety and so on.
  • the process of the present invention comprises the blending of two diesel base fuels, namely a first diesel base fuel and a second diesel base fuel.
  • the first diesel base fuel comprises a first cetane improver, preferably at a level of 0.01 wt% or greater, more preferably at a level of 0.05% or greater, and especially at a level of 0.1 wt% or greater, by weight of the first diesel base fuel.
  • the first diesel base fuel comprises a first cetane improver at a level of 0.3 wt% or greater, preferably 0.5 wt% or greater, by weight of the first diesel base fuel.
  • the first diesel base fuel comprising the first cetane improver has a cetane number c 1 .
  • the second diesel base fuel optionally comprises a second cetane improver.
  • the second cetane improver can be present in the second diesel base fuel preferably at a level of 0.2 wt% or less, more preferably at a level of 0.1 wt% or less, even more preferably at a level of 0.05 wt% or less, and especially at a level of 0.01 wt% or less, by weight of the second diesel base fuel.
  • the second diesel base fuel is free of cetane improver.
  • the second diesel base fuel optionally comprising the second cetane improver has a cetane number c 2 .
  • the first cetane improver can be any cetane improver suitable for use in a diesel fuel composition.
  • a preferred first cetane improver is selected from nitrates, nitroalkanes, nitrocarbonates, peroxides, and mixtures thereof.
  • the second cetane improver can be any cetane improver suitable for use in a diesel fuel composition.
  • a preferred second cetane improver is selected from nitrates, nitroalkanes, nitrocarbonates, peroxides, and mixtures thereof.
  • the first cetane improver is the same as the second cetane improver.
  • the first cetane improver is a nitrate, preferably 2-ethylhexyl nitrate.
  • the second diesel base fuel comprises a second cetane improver which is a nitrate, preferably 2-ethylhexyl nitrate.
  • the first cetane improver provides a cetane number increase to the first diesel base fuel of ⁇ c 1 .
  • the second cetane improver provides a cetane number increase to the second diesel base fuel of ⁇ c 2 .
  • ⁇ c 1 > ⁇ c 2 In the case where the second diesel base fuel is free of cetane improver, ⁇ c 2 will be zero.
  • the first diesel base fuel is blended with the second diesel base fuel in a volume ratio of v 1 :v 2 to produce a diesel fuel composition having a cetane number C final wherein C final > (v 1 c 1 + v 2 c 2 ) /(v 1 +v 2 ).
  • the relative proportions of the two diesel base fuels, and any other components or additives present in a diesel fuel composition prepared according to the invention may depend on other desired properties such as density, emissions performance and viscosity.
  • the first diesel base fuel is blended with the second diesel base fuel in a volume ratio in the range from 5:95 to 30:70, preferably in the range from 10:90 to 20:80.
  • the first diesel base fuel can itself be a blend of two or more diesel base fuels each optionally containing one or more cetane improvers.
  • the second diesel base fuel can itself be a blend of two or more diesel base fuels each optionally containing one or more cetane improvers.
  • the resulting diesel fuel formulation which is prepared according to the process of the present invention may be blended with one or more further diesel base fuels each optionally containing one or more cetane improvers before being used as a diesel fuel.
  • the diesel fuel formulation produced in step (iii) of the process of the present invention has a cetane number C final and the further diesel base fuel optionally comprising one or more cetane improvers has a cetane number c 4 .
  • the diesel fuel formulation produced in step (iii) is blended with the further diesel base fuel in a volume ratio of v 3 :v 4 to produce a diesel fuel composition having a cetane number C x wherein C x > (v 3 C final + v 4 c 4 )/(v 3 + v 4 ).
  • the resulting diesel fuel composition produced in the latter embodiment can be blended with a further one or more further diesel base fuels each optionally containing one or more cetane improvers before being used as a diesel fuel, i.e. the process can be repeated as many times as desired, i.e. in a 'recursive' process.
  • the diesel base fuels used in the process of the present invention are diesel base fuels for use in automotive compression ignition engines, as well as in other types of engine such as for example off road, marine, railroad and stationary engines.
  • Such diesel base fuels will contain one or more base fuels which may typically comprise liquid hydrocarbon middle distillate gas oil(s), for instance petroleum derived gas oils.
  • base fuels will typically have boiling points within the usual diesel range of 150 to 400°C, depending on grade and use. They will typically have a density from 750 to 1000 kg/m 3 , preferably from 780 to 860 kg/m 3 , at 15°C (e.g. ASTM D4502 or IP 365) and a cetane number (ASTM D613) of from 35 to 120, more preferably from 40 to 85. They will typically have an initial boiling point in the range 150 to 230°C and a final boiling point in the range 290 to 400°C. Their kinematic viscosity at 40°C (ASTM D445) might suitably be in the range from 1.2 to 6, or in the range from 1.2 to 5, or in the range from 1.2 to 4.5 mm 2 /s.
  • An example of a petroleum derived gas oil is a Swedish Class 1 base fuel, which will have a density from 800 to 820 kg/m 3 at 15°C (SS-EN ISO 3675, SS-EN ISO 12185), a T95 of 320°C or less (SS-EN ISO 3405) and a kinematic viscosity at 40°C (SS-EN ISO 3104) from 1.4 to 4.0 mm 2 /s, as defined by the Swedish national specification EC1.
  • non-mineral oil based fuels such as biofuels or Fischer-Tropsch derived fuels
  • Fischer-Tropsch fuels may for example be derived from natural gas, natural gas liquids, petroleum or shale oil, petroleum or shale oil processing residues, coal or biomass.
  • the amount of Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel used in the diesel fuel may be from 0% to 100%v of the overall diesel fuel, preferably from 5% to 100%v, more preferably from 5% to 75%v. It may be desirable for such a diesel fuel to contain 10%v or greater, more preferably 20%v or greater, still more preferably 30%v or greater, of the Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel. It is particularly preferred for such diesel fuels to contain 30 to 75%v, and particularly 30 to 70%v, of the Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel. The balance of the diesel fuel is made up of one or more other diesel fuel components.
  • Such a Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel component is any fraction of the middle distillate fuel range, which can be isolated from the (optionally hydrocracked) Fischer-Tropsch synthesis product. Typical fractions will boil in the naphtha, kerosene or gas oil range. Preferably, a Fischer-Tropsch product boiling in the kerosene or gas oil range is used because these products are easier to handle in for example domestic environments. Such products will suitably comprise a fraction larger than 90 wt% which boils between 160 and 400°C, preferably between 160 and about 370°C.
  • Fischer-Tropsch derived kerosene and gas oils are described in EP-A-0583836 , WO-A-97/14768 , WO-A-97/14769 , WO-A-00/11116 , WO-A-00/11117 , WO-A-01/83406 , WO-A-01/83648 , WO-A-01/83647 , WO-A-01/83641 , WO-A-00/20535 , WO-A-00/20534 , EP-A-1101813 , US-A-5766274 , US-A-5378348 , US-A-5888376 and US-A-6204426 .
  • the Fischer-Tropsch product will suitably contain more than 80 wt% and more suitably more than 95 wt% iso and normal paraffins and less than 1 wt% aromatics, the balance being naphthenic compounds.
  • the content of sulphur and nitrogen will be very low and normally below the detection limits for such compounds. For this reason the sulphur content of a diesel fuel composition containing a Fischer-Tropsch product may be very low.
  • the diesel fuel composition preferably contains no more than 5000 ppmw sulphur, more preferably no more than 500 ppmw, or no more than 350 ppmw, or no more than 150 ppmw, or no more than 100 ppmw, or no more than 70 ppmw, or no more than 50 ppmw, or no more than 30 ppmw, or no more than 20 ppmw, or no more than 15 ppmw, or most preferably no more than 10 ppmw sulphur.
  • diesel fuel components for use herein include the so-called “biofuels” which derive from biological materials. Examples include fatty acid alkyl esters (FAAE). Examples of such components can be found in WO2008/135602 .
  • Each diesel base fuel may itself be additivated (additive-containing) or unadditivated (additive-free). If additivated, e.g. at the refinery, it will contain minor amounts of one or more additives selected for example from anti-static agents, pipeline drag reducers, flow improvers (e.g. ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers or acrylate/maleic anhydride copolymers), lubricity additives, antioxidants and wax anti-settling agents.
  • additives selected for example from anti-static agents, pipeline drag reducers, flow improvers (e.g. ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers or acrylate/maleic anhydride copolymers), lubricity additives, antioxidants and wax anti-settling agents.
  • the diesel fuel composition prepared according to the process of the present invention comprises a performance additive package comprising one or more additive components.
  • the amount of the performance package present in the liquid fuel composition herein is in the range of 15 ppmw (parts per million by weight) to 10 %wt, based on the overall weight of the diesel fuel composition. More preferably, the amount of the performance package present in the diesel fuel composition herein additionally accords with one or more of the parameters (i) to (xv) listed below:
  • the diesel fuel composition and/or the performance additive package may contain additive components such as detergents, anti-foaming agents, corrosion inhibitors, dehazers etc.
  • Detergent-containing diesel fuel additives are known and commercially available. Such additives may be added to diesel fuels at levels intended to reduce, remove, or slow the build-up of engine deposits.
  • detergents suitable for use in diesel fuel additives for the present purpose include polyolefin substituted succinimides or succinimides of polyamines, for instance polyisobutylene succinimides or polyisobutylene amine succinimides.
  • Succinimide dispersant additives are described for example in GB-A-960493 , EP-A-0147240 , EP-A-0482253 , EP-A-0613938 , EP-A-0557516 and WO-A-98/42808 .
  • Particularly preferred are polyolefin substituted succinimides such as polyisobutylene succinimides.
  • detergents suitable for use in diesel fuel additives for the present purpose include compounds having at least one hydrophobic hydrocarbon radical having a number-average molecular weight (Mn) of from 85 to 20 000 and at least one polar moiety selected from:
  • detergents suitable for use in diesel fuel additives for the present purpose include quaternary ammonium salts such as those disclosed in US2012/0102826 , US2012/0010112 , WO2011/149799 , WO2011/110860 , WO2011/095819 and WO2006/135881 .
  • the diesel fuel additive mixture may contain other components in addition to the detergent.
  • lubricity enhancers e.g. alkoxylated phenol formaldehyde polymers
  • anti-foaming agents e.g. polyether-modified polysiloxanes
  • anti-rust agents e.g. a propane-1,2-diol semi-ester of tetrapropenyl succinic acid, or polyhydric alcohol esters of a succinic acid derivative, the succinic acid derivative having on at least one of its alpha-carbon atoms an unsubstituted or substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing from 20 to 500 carbon atoms, e.g.
  • the pentaerythritol diester of polyisobutylene-substituted succinic acid corrosion inhibitors; reodorants; anti-wear additives; antioxidants (e.g. phenolics such as 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, or phenylenediamines such as N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine); metal deactivators; static dissipator additives; cold flow improvers; organic sunscreen compound, and wax anti-settling agents.
  • antioxidants e.g. phenolics such as 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, or phenylenediamines such as N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine
  • metal deactivators static dissipator additives
  • cold flow improvers organic sunscreen compound, and wax anti-settling agents.
  • the diesel fuel additive mixture may contain one or more organic sunscreen compounds, such as those disclosed in European patent application no. 12199119.4 .
  • organic sunscreen compounds such as those disclosed in European patent application no. 12199119.4 .
  • a wide variety of conventional organic sunscreen actives are suitable for use herein. Sagarin, et al., at Chapter VIII, pages 189 et seq., of Cosmetics Science and Technology (1972 ), discloses numerous suitable actives.
  • the diesel fuel additive mixture may contain a lubricity enhancer, especially when the diesel fuel composition has a low (e.g. 500 ppmw or less) sulphur content.
  • the lubricity enhancer is conveniently present at a concentration of less than 1000 ppmw, preferably between 50 and 1000 ppmw, more preferably between 70 and 1000 ppmw.
  • Suitable commercially available lubricity enhancers include ester- and acid-based additives.
  • Other lubricity enhancers are described in the patent literature, in particular in connection with their use in low sulphur content diesel fuels, for example in:
  • the diesel fuel composition may also be preferred for the diesel fuel composition to contain an anti-foaming agent, more preferably in combination with an anti-rust agent and/or a corrosion inhibitor and/or a lubricity enhancing additive.
  • the (active matter) concentration of each such optional additive component in the additivated diesel fuel composition is preferably up to 10000 ppmw, more preferably in the range from 0.1 to 1000 ppmw, advantageously from 0.1 to 300 ppmw, such as from 0.1 to 150 ppmw.
  • the (active matter) concentration of any dehazer in the diesel fuel composition will preferably be in the range from 0.1 to 20 ppmw, more preferably from 1 to 15 ppmw, still more preferably from 1 to 10 ppmw, and especially from 1 to 5 ppmw.
  • the (active matter) concentration of any detergent in the diesel fuel composition will preferably be in the range from 5 to 1500 ppmw, more preferably from 10 to 750 ppmw, most preferably from 20 to 500 ppmw.
  • the fuel additive mixture will typically contain a detergent, optionally together with other components as described above, and a diesel fuel-compatible diluent, which may be a mineral oil, a solvent such as those sold by Shell companies under the trade mark "SHELLSOL", a polar solvent such as an ester and, in particular, an alcohol, e.g. hexanol, 2-ethylhexanol, decanol, isotridecanol and alcohol mixtures such as those sold by Shell companies under the trade mark "LINEVOL”, especially LINEVOL 79 alcohol which is a mixture of C 7-9 primary alcohols, or a C 12-14 alcohol mixture which is commercially available.
  • a diesel fuel-compatible diluent which may be a mineral oil, a solvent such as those sold by Shell companies under the trade mark "SHELLSOL”, a polar solvent such as an ester and, in particular, an alcohol, e.g. hexanol, 2-ethylhexanol, decan
  • the total content of the additives in the diesel fuel composition may be suitably between 0 and 10000 ppmw and preferably below 5000 ppmw.
  • amounts (concentrations, % vol, ppmw, % wt) of components are of active matter, i.e. exclusive of volatile solvents/diluent materials.
  • the engine in which the fuel composition herein is used may be any appropriate engine.
  • the fuel is a diesel or biodiesel fuel composition
  • the engine is a diesel or compression ignition engine.
  • any type of diesel engine may be used, such as a turbo charged diesel engine, provided the same or equivalent engine is used to measure cetane number/ignition delay/burn period for each diesel fuel composition being assessed.
  • the invention is applicable to an engine in any vehicle.
  • Fuel 1 contains 0.12% v/v of 2-EHN and has a cetane number of 54.1.
  • Fuel 2 is free of cetane improver and has a cetane number of 55.1.
  • the cetane number of each blend is determined using the "Ignition Quality Test" (IQT; according to ASTM D6890, IP 498) which provides a "derived” cetane number based on the time delay between injection and combustion of a fuel sample introduced into a constant volume combustion chamber.
  • IQT Ignition Quality Test
EP15201686.1A 2015-12-21 2015-12-21 Procédé de préparation d'une composition de carburant diesel Withdrawn EP3184612A1 (fr)

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WO2001083641A2 (fr) 2000-05-02 2001-11-08 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Production de carburant diesel utilise en hiver a partir de cires obtenues par synthese de fischer-tropsch
WO2001083647A2 (fr) 2000-05-02 2001-11-08 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Carburants diesel de fischer-tropsch de large coupe
WO2001083406A2 (fr) 2000-05-02 2001-11-08 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Melanges de carburants diesel conventionnels et fischer-tropsch a faibles emissions et a faible teneur en soufre
WO2001083648A2 (fr) 2000-05-02 2001-11-08 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Melanges a faibles emissions constitues de carburant f-t/matiere premiere de craquage
WO2006135881A2 (fr) 2005-06-16 2006-12-21 The Lubrizol Corporation Detergents a base de sel d'ammonium quaternaire utilisables dans des combustibles
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WO2008135602A2 (fr) 2007-05-08 2008-11-13 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Compositions de combustible
WO2011095819A1 (fr) 2010-02-05 2011-08-11 Innospec Limited Compositions de carburant
WO2011110860A1 (fr) 2010-03-10 2011-09-15 Innospec Limited Composition de carburant comprenant un additif détergent et un additif sel d'ammonium quaternaire
WO2011149799A1 (fr) 2010-05-25 2011-12-01 The Lubrizol Corporation Procédé pour fournir un gain de puissance dans un moteur
US20120010112A1 (en) 2010-07-06 2012-01-12 Basf Se Acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds and use thereof as additives in fuels and lubricants
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US2912313A (en) * 1956-03-30 1959-11-10 Ethyl Corp Diesel fuel
GB960493A (en) 1960-12-16 1964-06-10 California Research Corp Motor fuel compositions containing polyolefin substituted succinimides of tetraethylene pentamine
EP0147240A2 (fr) 1983-12-30 1985-07-03 Ethyl Corporation Compositions de combustibles et des concentrés d'additifs, et leur utilisations pour inhiber la formation de dépôts
US5349188A (en) 1990-04-09 1994-09-20 Ashland Oil, Inc. Near infrared analysis of piano constituents and octane number of hydrocarbons
EP0482253A1 (fr) 1990-10-23 1992-04-29 Ethyl Petroleum Additives Limited Compositions de combustible bonnes pour l'environnement, et additifs pour
US5490864A (en) 1991-08-02 1996-02-13 Texaco Inc. Anti-wear lubricity additive for low-sulfur content diesel fuels
EP0557516A1 (fr) 1991-09-13 1993-09-01 Chevron Res & Tech Compositions additives pour carburant contenant des succinimides de polyisobutenyle.
EP0583836A1 (fr) 1992-08-18 1994-02-23 Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V. Procédé de préparation de combustibles hydrocarbonés
EP0613938A1 (fr) 1993-03-03 1994-09-07 Bp Chemicals (Additives) Limited Compositions de combustible hydrocarbore incorporant des dispersants contenant de l'azote
US5378348A (en) 1993-07-22 1995-01-03 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Distillate fuel production from Fischer-Tropsch wax
WO1995033805A1 (fr) 1994-06-09 1995-12-14 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Compositions de fuel-oil
US5482518A (en) * 1994-11-18 1996-01-09 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Synergistic cetane improver composition comprising mixture of alkyl-nitrate and hydroperoxide quinone
WO1997014769A1 (fr) 1995-10-17 1997-04-24 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Carburant diesel de synthese et son procede de production
WO1997014768A1 (fr) 1995-10-17 1997-04-24 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Carburant diesel synthetique et son procede de production
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US5888376A (en) 1996-08-23 1999-03-30 Exxon Research And Engineering Co. Conversion of fischer-tropsch light oil to jet fuel by countercurrent processing
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WO1998042808A1 (fr) 1997-03-21 1998-10-01 Infineum Holdings Bv Compostions fuel-oil
WO2000011116A1 (fr) 1998-08-18 2000-03-02 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Carburant diesel de fischer-tropsch a stabilite amelioree et son procede de production
WO2000011117A1 (fr) 1998-08-21 2000-03-02 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Carburant diesel de fischer-tropsch a stabilite amelioree et son procede de production
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EP1101813A1 (fr) 1999-11-19 2001-05-23 AGIP PETROLI S.p.A. Procédé pour la préparation de distillats moyens à partir de paraffines linéaires
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WO2001083641A2 (fr) 2000-05-02 2001-11-08 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Production de carburant diesel utilise en hiver a partir de cires obtenues par synthese de fischer-tropsch
WO2001083647A2 (fr) 2000-05-02 2001-11-08 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Carburants diesel de fischer-tropsch de large coupe
WO2001083406A2 (fr) 2000-05-02 2001-11-08 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Melanges de carburants diesel conventionnels et fischer-tropsch a faibles emissions et a faible teneur en soufre
WO2001083648A2 (fr) 2000-05-02 2001-11-08 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Melanges a faibles emissions constitues de carburant f-t/matiere premiere de craquage
WO2006135881A2 (fr) 2005-06-16 2006-12-21 The Lubrizol Corporation Detergents a base de sel d'ammonium quaternaire utilisables dans des combustibles
WO2008000778A1 (fr) * 2006-06-28 2008-01-03 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Composition de carburant
WO2008135602A2 (fr) 2007-05-08 2008-11-13 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Compositions de combustible
WO2011095819A1 (fr) 2010-02-05 2011-08-11 Innospec Limited Compositions de carburant
WO2011110860A1 (fr) 2010-03-10 2011-09-15 Innospec Limited Composition de carburant comprenant un additif détergent et un additif sel d'ammonium quaternaire
WO2011149799A1 (fr) 2010-05-25 2011-12-01 The Lubrizol Corporation Procédé pour fournir un gain de puissance dans un moteur
US20120010112A1 (en) 2010-07-06 2012-01-12 Basf Se Acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds and use thereof as additives in fuels and lubricants
US20120102826A1 (en) 2010-11-03 2012-05-03 Afton Chemical Corporation Diesel fuel additive

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