WO2018076911A1 - Éolienne offshore et dispositif et procédé de prévention d'endommagement de pale - Google Patents

Éolienne offshore et dispositif et procédé de prévention d'endommagement de pale Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018076911A1
WO2018076911A1 PCT/CN2017/098579 CN2017098579W WO2018076911A1 WO 2018076911 A1 WO2018076911 A1 WO 2018076911A1 CN 2017098579 W CN2017098579 W CN 2017098579W WO 2018076911 A1 WO2018076911 A1 WO 2018076911A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
blade
vibration
signal
frequency
pressure
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PCT/CN2017/098579
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
王志刚
杨波
李仕平
陈志刚
李茂东
林金梅
翟伟
张双红
黄国家
辛明亮
邱樾
伍振凌
Original Assignee
广州特种承压设备检测研究院
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Application filed by 广州特种承压设备检测研究院 filed Critical 广州特种承压设备检测研究院
Publication of WO2018076911A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018076911A1/fr

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05B2270/301—Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/40—Type of control system
    • F05B2270/404—Type of control system active, predictive, or anticipative
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a wind power generation technology, in particular to an offshore wind power generator, a blade loss prevention device and a method.
  • the blades of offshore wind turbines are prone to freezing because they are generally placed in harsh environments such as mountains and seas. After the ice coating occurs, the aerodynamic characteristics of the blade surface will be destroyed, which will affect the efficiency and safe operation of the wind turbine.
  • a large internal stress will be generated inside the blade. As the internal stress is concentrated, it will gradually develop into a macroscopic defect (the trachoma, the groove-like defect, etc.), which seriously jeopardizes the use of the blade. Efficiency and longevity. Therefore, in order to ensure normal operation, it is necessary to eliminate the ice coating on the surface of the blade and the stress inside it.
  • the commonly used methods for ice removal are mainly divided into three categories: mechanical deicing, thermal deicing and coating deicing.
  • the mechanical de-icing method mainly has the direct de-icing method of manual tapping and the indirect de-icing method by ultrasonic.
  • the manual tapping method has low working efficiency, and can not be de-iced on-line, and needs to be carried out under the shutdown condition of the unit, which affects the power generation efficiency;
  • the ultrasonic deicing method can remove ice on the line, it is difficult to achieve ice removal due to strong adhesion of ice coating.
  • the thermal deicing method achieves deicing by heating the blades.
  • the coating deicing method is to use a special material on the surface of the blade to weaken the adhesion of the ice coating to the surface of the coating to achieve deicing of the blade.
  • the deicing effect of the method is not good, and the coating affects the aerodynamic characteristics of the blade surface.
  • the method of eliminating the stress in the blade of the wind turbine is mainly to reduce the internal stress accumulation of the material by using a highly elastic coating material.
  • the method of high elastic coating can only delay the corrosion time of the blade and cannot completely eliminate the internal stress of the blade.
  • the existing three methods of deicing are carried out after the occurrence of ice coating, and it is difficult to achieve the desired ice removal effect due to strong adhesion of ice. Therefore, when the blade is covered with ice or internal stress, the effect of eliminating the existing method is not very good.
  • a blade loss prevention device comprising:
  • a pressure sensor disposed on the surface of the blade for collecting surface pressure received by the blade
  • a signal analyzer electrically connected to the pressure sensor, configured to acquire the surface pressure, and issue a trigger signal when the surface pressure meets a preset condition
  • a controller electrically coupled to the signal analyzer, the controller configured to generate a vibration signal after acquiring the trigger signal, wherein the vibration signal includes a vibration frequency;
  • a vibrator disposed in the blade and electrically connected to the controller for generating vibration at the vibration frequency according to the vibration signal.
  • the signal analyzer is configured to emit a first trigger signal when the surface pressure is greater than or equal to a first preset pressure and less than a second preset pressure;
  • the controller is configured to generate a first vibration signal after acquiring the first trigger signal, where the vibration frequency is a preset frequency.
  • the signal analyzer is configured to emit a second trigger signal when the surface pressure is greater than or equal to the second preset pressure, and acquire a force of the blade surface during a preset time period. frequency;
  • the controller is configured to generate a second vibration signal after acquiring the second trigger signal, where the vibration frequency is the force frequency.
  • the vibrator includes a low frequency signal generator, a power amplifier, and a piezoelectric ceramic piece that are sequentially connected in series, and the piezoelectric ceramic piece is embedded in the blade.
  • the pressure sensor is a fiber grating pressure sensor.
  • An offshore wind turbine including:
  • a vane loss prevention device according to any one of the preceding preferred embodiments, wherein the pressure sensor is disposed on a surface of the vane, and the vibrator is embedded in the vane.
  • the pressure sensor is located at an end of the blade away from its axis of rotation.
  • a blade loss prevention method including the steps of:
  • the blade is vibrated at the vibration frequency according to the vibration signal.
  • the generating a vibration signal when the surface pressure meets a preset condition, and the step of including a vibration frequency in the vibration signal includes: the surface pressure is greater than or equal to a first preset pressure and When the second preset pressure is less than the second preset pressure, the first vibration signal is generated, and the vibration frequency is a preset frequency.
  • the generating a vibration signal when the surface pressure satisfies a preset condition, and the step of including the vibration frequency in the vibration signal comprises: the surface pressure being greater than or equal to the second preset A second vibration signal is generated when the pressure is generated, and a force frequency of the blade surface is obtained for a preset time period, and the vibration frequency is the force frequency.
  • the pressure sensor senses the surface pressure to which the blade is subjected.
  • the surface pressure of the blade is increased until the preset condition is met, thereby triggering a trigger signal.
  • the controller emits a vibration signal, and the vibrator disposed in the blade generates vibration at a vibration frequency.
  • the snow and raindrops that hit the blade can be dropped to prevent it from adhering to the blade surface.
  • Snow and cold water droplets are the main cause of ice coating on the surface of the blade.
  • the blades are vibrated to counteract the vibration generated by the raindrop impact, thereby preventing internal stress from collecting in the blade. Therefore, the above-described blade damage prevention device and method can effectively prevent ice from forming and internal stress.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural view of an offshore wind power generator according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a blade loss prevention device in the offshore wind turbine shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of a vibrator in the vane loss prevention device shown in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a blade loss prevention method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • an offshore wind turbine 10 includes a blade 100 and a blade damage prevention device 200.
  • the blade damage prevention device 200 includes a pressure sensor 210, a signal analyzer 220, a controller 230, and a vibrator 240.
  • the pressure sensor 210 is disposed on the surface of the blade 100.
  • the pressure sensor 210 is used to collect the surface pressure that the blade 100 is subjected to.
  • the surface pressure of the blade 100 is mainly caused by the impact of snow and raindrops, and the snow and supercooled raindrops are the main causes of ice coating and internal stress on the blade 100.
  • the pressure sensor 210 is used to convert the surface pressure of the blade 100 into an electrical signal. Since the impact of the snow and raindrops on the blade 100 is an intermittent impact, the surface pressure of the blade 100 is also in the form of an intermittent pulse. Therefore, the pressure sensor 210 converts the surface pressure into an electrical pulse signal.
  • the pressure sensor 210 is located at the end of the blade 100 away from its axis of rotation.
  • the tip of the blade 100 away from the axis of its rotation is the tip of the blade.
  • the tip of the blade rotates at the fastest speed, the range of rotation is the largest, and the probability and intensity of the impact are the highest. Therefore, the possibility of ice coating and internal stress at the tip position is also highest. Therefore, the pressure sensor 210 is placed at the tip position, enabling more targeted monitoring.
  • the pressure sensor 210 is a fiber grating pressure sensor.
  • the fiber grating pressure sensor has higher recognition accuracy than other sensors (resistance, capacitance, inductance, etc.), and can accurately recognize the impact on the blade 100, thereby improving the accuracy of pressure collection.
  • Signal analyzer 220 is electrically coupled to pressure sensor 210.
  • the signal analyzer 220 is configured to acquire a surface pressure and issue a trigger signal when the surface pressure satisfies a preset condition.
  • the signal analyzer 220 can be a comparator.
  • the output of the pressure sensor 210 is connected to the input end of the comparator.
  • the standard terminal of the comparator is connected to a standard voltage, and the standard voltage corresponds to a preset condition.
  • Signal analyzer 220 can be triggered when the voltage at the input is greater than and/or less than and/or equal to the standard voltage.
  • Controller 230 is electrically coupled to signal analyzer 220.
  • the controller 230 is configured to generate a vibration signal after acquiring the trigger signal, and the vibration signal includes a vibration frequency.
  • the vibrator 240 is disposed in the blade 100.
  • the vibrator 240 is electrically connected to the controller 230 for acquiring a vibration signal and generating vibration at a vibration frequency according to the vibration signal.
  • the vibrator 240 includes a low frequency signal generator 241, a power amplifier 243, and a piezoelectric ceramic sheet 245 which are sequentially connected in series, and the piezoelectric ceramic sheet 245 is embedded in the blade 100.
  • the low frequency signal generator 241 After receiving the vibration signal, the low frequency signal generator 241 emits a low frequency pulse signal, and the power amplifier 243 amplifies the low frequency pulse signal to further oscillate the piezoelectric ceramic piece 245.
  • the blade 100 By rotating and rotating at high speed, the blade 100 can drop the snow and raindrops that hit the blade to prevent it from adhering to the surface of the blade to avoid ice coating. Further, the blade 100 can cancel the vibration generated by the raindrop impact by vibration, thereby preventing the internal stress from being concentrated in the blade 100.
  • the signal analyzer 220 is configured to emit a first trigger signal when the surface pressure is greater than or equal to the first predetermined pressure and less than the second predetermined pressure.
  • the controller 230 is configured to generate a first vibration signal after acquiring the first trigger signal, and the vibration frequency is a preset frequency.
  • the signal analyzer 220 is configured to emit a second trigger signal when the surface pressure is greater than or equal to the second preset pressure, and obtain a force frequency of the blade surface within a preset time period.
  • the controller 230 is configured to generate a second vibration signal after acquiring the second trigger signal, and the vibration frequency is a force frequency.
  • the first preset pressure and the second preset pressure are two different preset conditions.
  • Trigger signal The first trigger signal and the second trigger signal are included.
  • the vibration signal also includes a first vibration signal and a second vibration signal according to different trigger signals.
  • the density of the snow and the raindrops are different, so the impact force and effect on the blade 100 are also different.
  • the density of the snow drift is small, and the impact force on the blade 100 is small, and the main effect is to produce ice coating on the surface of the blade 100.
  • the raindrop density is large and the impact force is large, and ice is formed on the surface of the blade 100, and internal stress is also formed in the blade 100.
  • the first preset pressure is less than the second preset pressure.
  • an average value of the force generated by the snowstorm impacting blade is obtained, and is set to a first preset pressure; and an average value of the force generated by the raindrop hitting the blade 100 is obtained, and is set to a second preset pressure. .
  • the vibration frequency is a preset frequency.
  • the preset frequency is a fixed frequency, and the fixed frequency is obtained through a plurality of experiments.
  • the surface pressure of the blade 100 When it is detected that the surface pressure of the blade 100 is greater than the second preset pressure, it indicates that the blade 100 is hit by a raindrop. At this time, it is not only necessary to drop the raindrops attached to the surface of the blade 100, but also to eliminate the vibration generated by the raindrop impact to prevent the generation of internal stress.
  • the effect of eliminating vibration is related to the vibration frequency of the vibrator 240 and the frequency of impact of the raindrops on the blade 100. If the vibration frequency of the vibrator 240 is less than the raindrop impact frequency, the vector of residual internal stress and additional vibration stress inside the blade 100 region cannot be completely cancelled, and there is residual stress inside the blade 100. If the vibration frequency of the vibrator 240 is greater than the raindrop impact frequency, the blade 100 may be damaged due to excessive stress attached by the vibrator 240.
  • the vibration frequency of the vibrator 240 it is necessary to synchronize the vibration frequency of the vibrator 240 so that the vibration frequency is equal to the impact frequency of the raindrops (ie, the force frequency of the surface of the blade 100), thereby effectively eliminating the raindrops from hitting the blade.
  • the vibration prevents internal stress from being generated and does not cause damage to the blade 100.
  • the signal analyzer 220 acquires the power generated by the pressure sensor 210 within a preset time period.
  • the pulse signal the frequency of which is the force frequency of the blade 100, that is, the frequency at which the raindrop hits the blade 100.
  • the controller 230 uses the force frequency as the vibration frequency.
  • the vibration frequency of the vibrator 240 can be adjusted in real time according to the rain potential, so that the vibration frequency of the vibrator 240 is always consistent with the impact frequency of the raindrop, thereby effectively preventing the internal stress generated in the blade 100.
  • the pressure sensor 210 can sense the surface pressure to which the blade is subjected.
  • the surface pressure experienced by the blade 100 increases until a predetermined condition is satisfied, thereby issuing a trigger signal.
  • the controller 230 emits a vibration signal, and the vibrator 240 disposed in the blade 100 generates vibration at a vibration frequency.
  • the snow falling on the blade 100 and the raindrops can be dropped to prevent it from adhering to the surface of the blade 100.
  • the snow and the cold water droplets are the main causes of ice coating on the surface of the blade 100.
  • the blade 100 can cancel the vibration generated by the raindrop impact by vibration, thereby preventing the internal stress from being concentrated in the blade 100. Therefore, the above-described blade damage preventing device 200 can effectively prevent the occurrence of ice coating and internal stress.
  • the present invention also provides a blade loss prevention method.
  • the method includes steps S201-S203:
  • step S201 the surface pressure received by the blade is collected.
  • the surface pressure of the blade can be collected by a pressure sensor, and the surface pressure is converted into an electrical pulse signal.
  • Step S202 when the surface pressure satisfies a preset condition, a vibration signal is generated, and the vibration signal includes a vibration frequency.
  • the electrical pulse signal corresponding to the surface pressure is compared with the standard voltage signal by the comparator to determine whether the preset condition is met.
  • step S203 the blade is vibrated at a vibration frequency according to the vibration signal.
  • the step S202 includes: generating a first vibration signal when the surface pressure is greater than or equal to the first preset pressure and less than the second preset pressure, and the vibration frequency is a preset frequency
  • the step S202 includes: generating a second vibration signal when the surface pressure is greater than or equal to the second preset pressure, and acquiring the surface of the blade in the preset time period.
  • Force frequency, vibration frequency is the force frequency.
  • the first preset pressure and the second preset pressure are two different preset conditions.
  • the trigger signal includes a first trigger signal and a second trigger signal.
  • the vibration signal also includes a first vibration signal and a second vibration signal according to different trigger signals.
  • the density of snow and raindrops is different, so the impact strength and effect on the blades are also different.
  • the density of snow drift is small, and the impact force on the blade is small.
  • the main function is to produce ice coating on the surface of the blade.
  • the raindrop density is large, and the impact force is large, and ice is formed on the surface of the blade, and internal stress is also formed in the blade.
  • the first preset pressure is less than the second preset pressure.
  • an average value of the force generated by the snow-impacting blade is obtained, and is set to a first preset pressure; and an average value of the force generated by the raindrop hitting the blade is obtained, and is set to a second preset pressure.
  • the vibration frequency is a preset frequency.
  • the preset frequency is a fixed frequency, and the fixed frequency is obtained through a plurality of experiments, and the vibration is vibrated at the fixed frequency, and the effect of the blade vibration falling and snowing is optimal and does not cause damage to the blade.
  • the surface pressure of the blade When it is detected that the surface pressure of the blade is greater than the second preset pressure, it indicates that the blade is hit by the raindrop. At this time, it is not only necessary to drop the raindrops attached to the surface of the blade, but also to eliminate the vibration generated by the impact of the raindrops to prevent internal stress.
  • the effect of eliminating vibration is related to the vibration frequency of the vibrator and the impact frequency of the raindrop on the blade. If the vibration frequency of the vibrator is less than the raindrop impact frequency, the residual internal stress and the additional vibration stress vector inside the blade region cannot be effectively offset, and there is residual stress inside the blade. If the vibration frequency of the vibrator is greater than the raindrop impact frequency, the blade may be damaged due to excessive stress attached to the vibrator.
  • the vibration frequency of the vibrator needs to be synchronized, so that the vibration frequency is equal to the impact frequency of the raindrop (ie, the force frequency of the blade surface), so that the vibration generated by the raindrop impacting the blade can be effectively eliminated. Prevents internal stresses from occurring and does not cause damage to the blades.
  • the vibration frequency of the vibrator can be adjusted in real time according to different rain conditions, so that The vibrating frequency of the vibrator is always consistent with the impact frequency of the raindrops, so that internal stresses in the vanes can be effectively prevented.
  • the above blade loss prevention method collects the surface pressure received by the blade in real time.
  • the surface pressure of the blade is increased until it exceeds the preset condition, thereby generating a vibration signal, which is the vibration of the blade at the vibration frequency.
  • the snow and raindrops that hit the blade can be dropped to prevent it from adhering to the blade surface.
  • Snow and cold water droplets are the main cause of ice coating on the surface of the blade.
  • the blades are vibrated to counteract the vibration generated by the raindrop impact, thereby preventing internal stress from collecting in the blade. Therefore, the above-described blade damage prevention method can effectively prevent the occurrence of ice coating and internal stress.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de prévention d'endommagement de pale (200) pour une éolienne, comprenant : un capteur de pression (210) qui est disposé sur la surface d'une pale (100), et configuré pour capturer la pression de surface appliquée à la pale (100); un analyseur de signal (220) qui est connecté électriquement au capteur de pression (210), et qui est configuré pour recevoir la pression de surface et lorsque la pression de surface satisfait une condition prédéfinie, pour générer un signal de déclenchement; un dispositif de commande (230) qui est électriquement connecté à l'analyseur de signal (220), et qui est configuré pour générer un signal de vibration après réception du signal de déclenchement, le signal de vibration comprenant une fréquence de vibration; et un vibrateur (240) qui est disposé dans la pale (100), connecté électriquement au dispositif de commande (230) et configuré pour générer des vibrations à la fréquence de vibration en fonction du signal de vibration. L'invention concerne en outre un procédé de prévention d'endommagement de pale et une éolienne offshore ayant le dispositif de prévention d'endommagement de pale.
PCT/CN2017/098579 2016-10-24 2017-08-23 Éolienne offshore et dispositif et procédé de prévention d'endommagement de pale WO2018076911A1 (fr)

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CN201610937569.XA CN106438194B (zh) 2016-10-24 2016-10-24 海上风力发电机、叶片防损装置及方法
CN201610937569.X 2016-10-24

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CN106438194B (zh) * 2016-10-24 2023-08-04 广州特种承压设备检测研究院 海上风力发电机、叶片防损装置及方法
CN107127190B (zh) * 2017-05-31 2023-04-07 中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力研究所 超疏水材料和振动除冰相耦合的主被动防冰装置及其方法
CN108131259B (zh) * 2018-01-31 2023-12-15 南京航空航天大学 一种用于大型风力机强风暴雨环境下气动性能改善的装置及方法
CN108644072B (zh) * 2018-05-03 2020-08-04 天津瑞源电气有限公司 风力发电机组桨叶的除冰装置及其方法
CN109931233A (zh) * 2019-04-12 2019-06-25 浙江运达风电股份有限公司 一种风力发电机组热鼓风除冰系统安全保护装置及方法

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