WO2018076519A1 - 一种双频带非均匀传输线阻抗变换器的设计方法及电路 - Google Patents
一种双频带非均匀传输线阻抗变换器的设计方法及电路 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H7/00—Multiple-port networks comprising only passive electrical elements as network components
- H03H7/38—Impedance-matching networks
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- the present invention relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a method and a circuit for designing a dual-band non-uniform transmission line impedance converter.
- Microwave technology is widely used in industries such as industry, agriculture, remote sensing, and military.
- microwave communication systems are moving toward high performance, miniaturization, broadband, and multi-band.
- microwave transmission lines As a guided wave system for transmitting electromagnetic waves, microwave transmission lines have always been the most basic and most important part of all microwave components.
- S-parameter scattering parameter
- ABCD transfer matrix
- a and D are dimensionless parameters
- C admittance
- B impedance
- the impedance converter is one of the most commonly used and most important key components in the microwave circuit, and a uniform transmission line or a stepped impedance transmission line is usually used.
- a uniform transmission line or a stepped impedance transmission line is usually used.
- dual-band impedance converters based on uniform transmission lines often have parasitic passbands, large insertion loss, narrow bandwidth, and large physical size, which limits their applications.
- the invention provides a design method and a circuit for a dual-band non-uniform transmission line impedance converter, which solves the structural size of the impedance converter optimized by a mathematical optimization model, so that the corresponding transmission line of the impedance converter is a non-uniform transmission line, so that the transmission line is in the longitudinal direction.
- the present invention provides a method for designing a dual-band non-uniform transmission line impedance converter, comprising the following steps:
- step S10 Substituting the Fourier coefficients a n , b n , c n , ... obtained in step S9 into the step S5, and analyzing whether the reflection coefficient of the impedance output end of the input terminal is less than a predetermined value, and if so, performing steps
- step S11 if not, return to step S2;
- step S13 Perform a three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation on the circuit connecting each non-uniform transmission line in step S12 with the input terminal impedance and the output terminal impedance to verify the impedance matching effect of the impedance converter.
- the two dual bands are represented as [f 1L , f 1H ] and [f 2L , f 2H ], respectively, and f 2L >f 1H , f j are located in a dual band by a series
- the discrete frequency components, j 1, 2, ... M.
- the constraint condition in the step S7 is set according to the precision of the actual circuit processing process. It is 20 ⁇ ⁇ Z ⁇ 120 ⁇ .
- step S8 the frequency objective function is minimized by a least squares method to construct a mathematical optimization model.
- the invention also provides a circuit of a dual-band non-uniform transmission line impedance converter, comprising a T-type circuit composed of a horizontal non-uniform transmission line, an open non-uniform transmission line and/or a short-circuit non-uniform transmission line, an input terminal impedance, and an output terminal impedance connection, a ⁇ -type circuit or an H-type circuit; the horizontal non-uniform transmission line is connected between the input terminal impedance output end and the output terminal impedance input end, and the input terminal impedance input end and the output terminal impedance output end are respectively connected to the input terminal impedance and the output The terminal impedance is grounded; the direction of the horizontal non-uniform transmission line is the X axis, and the vertical bisector of the horizontal non-uniform transmission line is the Y axis.
- the T-type circuit is provided with a horizontal non-uniform transmission line, an open non-uniform transmission line and a short-circuit non-uniform transmission line; one end of the open non-uniform transmission line and one end of the short-circuit non-uniform transmission line are connected to the output terminal Impedance input.
- the ⁇ -type circuit is provided with a horizontal non-uniform transmission line and two parallel open non-uniform transmission lines or two parallel short-circuit non-uniform transmission lines; one of the two open non-uniform transmission lines is connected to the input a terminal impedance output end, another one is connected to the output terminal impedance input end, or one of the short circuit non-uniform transmission lines is connected to the input terminal impedance output end, and the other is connected to the output terminal impedance input end;
- the ⁇ -type circuit is symmetrical along the Y-axis.
- the H-type circuit is provided with a horizontal non-uniform transmission line, two parallel open non-uniform transmission lines and two parallel short-circuit non-uniform transmission lines; one of the two open non-uniform transmission lines is connected to the Inputting a terminal impedance output end, and another one is connected to the output terminal impedance input end; one of the two short-circuit non-uniform transmission lines is connected to the input terminal impedance output end, and the other one is connected to the output terminal impedance input end
- the H-type circuit is symmetrical along the Y-axis.
- the input terminal impedance and the output terminal impedance are any complex numbers.
- the circuit operates in a dual band.
- the invention provides a design method of a dual-band non-uniform transmission line impedance converter, and optimizes the structural size of the impedance converter by a mathematical optimization model, so that the corresponding transmission line of the impedance converter is non-uniform
- the transmission line continuously changes the width of the transmission line in the longitudinal direction, thereby realizing the smooth transmission of the electromagnetic wave signal on the transmission line.
- the circuit of a dual-band non-uniform transmission line impedance converter constructed by the method has small reflection coefficient, large harmonic suppression, small insertion loss, large bandwidth, small physical size than a conventional uniform transmission line impedance converter, and more flexible design. .
- the impedance converter can be used for matching of any complex terminal impedance without any concentrated reactance components, and has low resource utilization, wide application range, economical cost, and high cost performance.
- 1 is a flow chart of a method for designing a dual-band non-uniform transmission line impedance converter provided by the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a circuit structural diagram of a T-type circuit in a circuit of a dual-band non-uniform transmission line impedance converter according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a circuit structural diagram of a first ⁇ -type circuit in a circuit of a dual-band non-uniform transmission line impedance converter according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 4 is a circuit structural diagram of a second ⁇ -type circuit in a circuit of a dual-band non-uniform transmission line impedance converter according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 5 is a circuit structural diagram of an H-type circuit in a circuit of a dual-band non-uniform transmission line impedance converter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the method for designing a dual-band non-uniform transmission line impedance converter includes the following steps:
- i is the difference subscript of the different circuits
- AE is the differential subscript of each non-uniform transmission line in a circuit
- Z 0 is the input terminal impedance
- Each non-uniform transmission line is equally divided into K segments according to the length, and K is a natural number greater than 1;
- step S10 Substituting the Fourier coefficients a n , b n , c n , ... obtained in step S9 into the step S5, analyzing whether the reflection coefficient of the impedance output end of the input terminal is less than a predetermined value, and if so, executing step S11, If not, return to step S2;
- the step S9 obtained Fourier coefficients a n, b n, c n , ... substituting the step S1, each of the nonuniform characteristic impedance of the transmission line, the obtained Characteristic impedance of each non-uniform transmission line;
- step S13 Perform a three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation on the circuit connecting each non-uniform transmission line in step S12 with the input terminal impedance and the output terminal impedance to verify the impedance matching effect of the impedance converter.
- the invention also provides a circuit of a dual-band non-uniform transmission line impedance converter, comprising a T-type circuit composed of a horizontal non-uniform transmission line, an open non-uniform transmission line and/or a short-circuit non-uniform transmission line, an input terminal impedance, and an output terminal impedance connection, a ⁇ -type circuit or an H-type circuit;
- the horizontal non-uniform transmission line is connected between the input terminal impedance output end and the output terminal impedance input end, and the input terminal impedance input end and the output terminal impedance output end are respectively connected to the input terminal impedance Z 0
- the output terminal impedance Z L is grounded;
- the horizontal non-uniform transmission line direction is the X axis, and the horizontal bisector of the horizontal non-uniform transmission line is the Y axis.
- the T-type circuit is provided with a horizontal non-uniform transmission line 101, an open non-uniform transmission line 102 and a short-circuit non-uniform transmission line 103; one end of the open non-uniform transmission line 102 and the short-circuit non-uniform transmission line 103 One end is connected to the output terminal impedance input terminal Z out1 .
- the horizontal non-uniform transmission line 101 has a length of 1 A1 and its characteristic impedance Z A1 is represented by a truncated Fourier expansion;
- the open non-uniform transmission line 102 has a length of l B1 and its characteristic impedance Z B1 is represented by a truncated Fourier expansion;
- the short-circuit non-uniform transmission line 103 has a length of l C1 and its characteristic impedance Z C1 is represented by a truncated Fourier expansion.
- FIG. 3 is a circuit structural diagram of a first ⁇ -type circuit in a circuit of a dual-band non-uniform transmission line impedance converter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the first ⁇ -type circuit is provided with a horizontal non-uniform transmission line 201 and two parallel open non-uniform transmission lines 202, 203; when the two parallel open non-uniform transmission lines 302, 303 Can also be replaced by two parallel short-circuit non-uniform transmission lines 302, 303, when connected in series with the horizontal non-uniform transmission line 301, that is, the second ⁇ -type circuit, as shown in Figure 4;
- the open non-uniform transmission line 202 is connected to the input terminal impedance output terminal Z in2
- the open non-uniform transmission line 203 is connected to the output terminal impedance input terminal Z out2
- the short circuit non-uniform transmission line 302 is connected to the input terminal impedance output terminal Z in3
- the short circuit non-uniform transmission line 303 is connected to the output terminal impedance input terminal Z out3 ;
- the horizontal non-uniform transmission line 201 has a length of 1 A2 and its characteristic impedance Z A2 is represented by a truncated Fourier expansion;
- the open non-uniform transmission line 202 has a length of l B2 and its characteristic impedance Z B2 is represented by a truncated Fourier expansion;
- the open non-uniform transmission line 203 has a length of 1 C2 and its characteristic impedance Z C2 is represented by a truncated Fourier expansion;
- the horizontal non-uniform transmission line 301 has a length of 1 A3 and its characteristic impedance Z A3 is represented by a truncated Fourier expansion;
- the short-circuit non-uniform transmission line 302 has a length l B3 and its characteristic impedance Z B3 is represented by a truncated Fourier expansion;
- the short-circuit non-uniform transmission line 303 has a length of 1 C3 and its characteristic impedance Z C3 is represented by a truncated Fourier expansion.
- the first ⁇ -type circuit and the second ⁇ -type circuit are both symmetrical along the Y axis.
- the H-type circuit is provided with a horizontal non-uniform transmission line 401, two parallel open non-uniform transmission lines 402, 403 and two parallel short-circuit non-uniform transmission lines 404, 405; the open circuit is non-uniform
- the transmission line 402 is connected to the input terminal impedance output terminal Z in4
- the open circuit non-uniform transmission line 403 is connected to the output terminal impedance input terminal Z out4
- the short circuit non-uniform transmission line 404 is connected to the input terminal impedance output terminal Z in4
- a short circuit non-uniform transmission line 405 is coupled to the output terminal impedance input terminal Zout4 ;
- the H-type circuit is symmetrical along the Y axis.
- the horizontal non-uniform transmission line 401 has a length of 1 A4 and its characteristic impedance Z A4 is represented by a truncated Fourier expansion;
- the open non-uniform transmission line 402 has a length of l B4 and its characteristic impedance Z B4 is represented by a truncated Fourier expansion;
- the open non-uniform transmission line 403 has a length of 1 C4 and its characteristic impedance Z C4 is represented by a truncated Fourier expansion;
- the short-circuit non-uniform transmission line 404 has a length of l D4 and its characteristic impedance Z D4 is represented by a truncated Fourier expansion;
- the short-circuit non-uniform transmission line 405 has a length of l E4 and its characteristic impedance Z E4 is represented by a truncated Fourier expansion;
- the input terminal impedance Z 0 and the output terminal impedance Z L may be any complex number; the T-type circuit, the ⁇ -type circuit, and the H-type circuit all operate in a dual frequency band.
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Abstract
一种双频带非均匀传输线阻抗变换器的电路和设计方法，通过数学优化模型优化出阻抗变换器的结构尺寸，使阻抗变换器相应的传输线为非均匀传输线，使传输线在纵向方向上的宽度连续变化，从而实现了电磁波信号在传输线上的通畅传输。电路包括T型阻抗变换器、π型阻抗变换器和H型阻抗变换器，通过所述的设计方法实现的阻抗变换器，反射系数小，谐波抑制大，插损小，带宽大，物理尺寸比传统的均匀传输线阻抗变换器小以及其设计更加灵活。并且，该阻抗变换器无需任何集中电抗元件即可用于任意复数终端阻抗的匹配，资源运用少且应用范围广。
Description
本发明涉及通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种双频带非均匀传输线阻抗变换器的设计方法及电路。
微波技术被广泛用于工业，农业，遥感，军事等行业，为适应民用通信、电子侦探以及电子对抗的发展要求，微波通信系统朝着高性能、小型化、宽带及多频带的方向发展。微波传输线作为传输电磁波的导波系统，一直是构成所有微波部件最基础也是最重要的一部分，然而，目前绝大部分的研究集中在均匀传输线方向，这主要是因为均匀传输线的特征参数可以由相应的理论公式得到，这些参数中包括S参数(散射参数)和ABCD参数(传输矩阵，A、D为无量纲参数，C为导纳，B为阻抗)，它们的研究已经非常成熟。
在现有技术中，阻抗变换器作为微波电路中最常用也是最重要的关键部件之一，通常采用的是均匀传输线或者阶梯阻抗传输线。然而，基于均匀传输线的双频带阻抗变换器常常存在寄生通带，插损大，带宽窄，物理尺寸大等缺陷，这使得其应用受到很大限制。
发明内容
本发明提供一种双频带非均匀传输线阻抗变换器的设计方法及电路，解决了通过数学优化模型优化出阻抗变换器的结构尺寸，使阻抗变换器相应的传输线为非均匀传输线，使传输线在纵向方向上的宽度连续变化的技术问题。
为解决以上技术问题，本发明提供一种双频带非均匀传输线阻抗变换器的设计方法，包括如下步骤：
S1.将阻抗变换器每条非均匀传输线的特性阻抗用截断的傅里叶展开并得
到归一化表达式；
S2.将每条非均匀传输线按照长度均等分成至少两段；
S3.求出每条非均匀传输线的传输矩阵；
S4.求出整个阻抗变换器的传输矩阵；
S5.根据位于双频带中的离散频率fj求出阻抗变换器输入端的反射系数Γin(fj)；
S6.构造频率目标函数
S7.构造阻抗约束条件Zmin≤Z≤Zmax，Z为阻抗变换器中非均匀传输线任意点处的特性阻抗；
S8.基于所述阻抗约束条件最小化所述频率目标函数，并构造数学优化模型 
S9.得到傅里叶系数an,bn,cn,...；
S10.将步骤S9得到的傅里叶系数an,bn,cn,...代入所述步骤S5中，分析判定输入终端阻抗输出端的反射系数是否小于预定值，若是，执行步骤
S11，若不是，则返回到步骤S2；
S11.将所述步骤S9中得到的傅里叶系数an,bn,cn,...代入所述步骤S1中每条非均匀传输线的特性阻抗的归一化表达式中，求出每条非均匀传输线的特性阻抗；
S12.根据传输线综合方法由所述步骤S11中得到的每条非均匀传输线的特性阻抗求出每条非均匀传输线的物理尺寸；
S13.将所述步骤S12中的每条非均匀传输线与输入终端阻抗和输出终端阻抗连接的电路进行三维电磁仿真检验阻抗变换器的阻抗匹配效果。
进一步地，在所述步骤S5中，将两个双频带分别表示为[f1L,f1H]和[f2L,f2H]，且f2L＞f1H，fj由一系列位于双频带中的离散频率组成，j＝1,2,...M。
进一步地，所述步骤S7中的约束条件根据实际中电路加工工艺的精度设定
为20Ω<Z<120Ω。
进一步地，在步骤S8中，通过最小二乘法最小化所述频率目标函数以构造数学优化模型。
本发明还提供一种双频带非均匀传输线阻抗变换器的电路，包括由水平非均匀传输线、开路非均匀传输线与/或短路非均匀传输线、输入终端阻抗、输出终端阻抗连接组成的T型电路、π型电路或H型电路；所述水平非均匀传输线连接于输入终端阻抗输出端与输出终端阻抗输入端之间，所述输入终端阻抗输入端与输出终端阻抗输出端分别连接输入终端阻抗和输出终端阻抗后接地；以所述水平非均匀传输线方向为X轴，所述水平非均匀传输线的垂直平分线为Y轴。
进一步地，所述T型电路设有一条水平非均匀传输线、一条开路非均匀传输线和一条短路非均匀传输线；所述开路非均匀传输线的一端与短路非均匀传输线的一端均连接于所述输出终端阻抗输入端。
进一步地，所述π型电路，设有一条水平非均匀传输线以及两条并联的开路非均匀传输线或两条并联的短路非均匀传输线；所述两条开路非均匀传输线中的一条连接所述输入终端阻抗输出端，另一条连接所述输出终端阻抗输入端，或所述短路非均匀传输线中的一条连接于所述输入终端阻抗输出端，另一条连接于所述输出终端阻抗输入端；所述π型电路沿Y轴对称。
进一步地，所述H型电路，设有一条水平非均匀传输线、两条并联的开路非均匀传输线和两条并联的短路非均匀传输线；所述两条开路非均匀传输线中的一条连接于所述输入终端阻抗输出端，另一条连接于所述输出终端阻抗输入端；所述两条短路非均匀传输线中的一条连接于所述输入终端阻抗输出端，另一条连接于所述输出终端阻抗输入端；所述H型电路沿Y轴对称。
进一步地，所述输入终端阻抗和输出终端阻抗为任意复数。
进一步地，所述电路工作于双频带。
本发明提供的一种双频带非均匀传输线阻抗变换器的设计方法，通过数学优化模型优化出阻抗变换器的结构尺寸，使阻抗变换器相应的传输线为非均匀
传输线，使传输线在纵向方向上的宽度连续变化，从而实现了电磁波信号在传输线上的通畅传输。使用该方法构造的一种双频带非均匀传输线阻抗变换器的电路，反射系数小，谐波抑制大，插损小，带宽大，物理尺寸比传统的均匀传输线阻抗变换器小以及其设计更加灵活。并且，该阻抗变换器无需任何集中电抗元件即可用于任意复数终端阻抗的匹配，资源运用少且应用范围广，经济实惠，性价比高。
图1是本发明提供的一种双频带非均匀传输线阻抗变换器的设计方法的流程图；
图2是本发明实施例提供的一种双频带非均匀传输线阻抗变换器的电路中的T型电路的电路结构图；
图3是本发明实施例提供的一种双频带非均匀传输线阻抗变换器的电路中的第一种π型电路的电路结构图；
图4是本发明实施例提供的一种双频带非均匀传输线阻抗变换器的电路中的第二种π型电路的电路结构图；
图5是本发明实施例提供的一种双频带非均匀传输线阻抗变换器的电路中的H型电路的电路结构图。
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。以下仅为较佳实施例，不构成对本发明保护范围的限制。
参见图1，是本发明提供的一种双频带非均匀传输线阻抗变换器的设计方法的流程图。在本实施例中，所述的一种双频带非均匀传输线阻抗变换器的设计方法，包括如下步骤：
S1.将阻抗变换器每条非均匀传输线的特性阻抗用截断的傅里叶展开并得到归一化表达式
其中i为不同电路的区别下标，A-E为一个电路中每条非均匀传输线的区别下标，Z0为输入终端阻抗。
S2.将每条非均匀传输线按照长度均等分成K段，K为大于1的自然数；
S3.求出每条非均匀传输线的传输矩阵
S4.求出整个阻抗变换器的传输矩阵[ABCD]，其中A、D为无量纲参数，C为导纳，B为阻抗；
S5.根据位于双频带中的离散频率fj求出输入终端阻抗输出端的反射系数
S6.构造频率目标函数
S7.构造阻抗约束条件Zmin≤Z≤Zmax，Z为阻抗变换器中任一非均匀传输线任意点处的特性阻抗；
S8.基于所述阻抗约束条件最小化所述频率目标函数，并构造数学优化模型 
S9.得到傅里叶系数an,bn,cn,...；
S10.将步骤S9得到的傅里叶系数an,bn,cn,...代入所述步骤S5中，分析判定输入终端阻抗输出端的反射系数是否小于预定值，若是，执行步骤S11，若不是，则返回到步骤S2；
S11.将所述步骤S9中得到的傅里叶系数an,bn,cn,...代入所述步骤S1中每条非均匀传输线的特性阻抗的归一化表达式中，求出每条非均匀传输线的特性阻抗；
S12.根据传输线综合方法由所述步骤S11中得到的每条非均匀传输线的特性阻抗求出每条非均匀传输线的物理尺寸；
S13.将所述步骤S12中的每条非均匀传输线与输入终端阻抗和输出终端阻抗连接的电路进行三维电磁仿真检验阻抗变换器的阻抗匹配效果。
在本实施例中，在所述步骤S5中，将两个双频带分别表示为[f1L,f1H]和[f2L,f2H]，且f2L＞f1H，fj由一系列位于双频带中的离散频率组成，j＝1,2,...M；所述步骤S7中的约束条件根据实际电路加工工艺的精度设定为20Ω<Z<120Ω；在所述步骤S8中，通过最小二乘法最小化所述频率目标函数以构造数学优化模型。
本发明还提供一种双频带非均匀传输线阻抗变换器的电路，包括由水平非均匀传输线、开路非均匀传输线与/或短路非均匀传输线、输入终端阻抗、输出终端阻抗连接组成的T型电路、π型电路或H型电路；所述水平非均匀传输线连接于输入终端阻抗输出端与输出终端阻抗输入端之间，所述输入终端阻抗输入端与输出终端阻抗输出端分别连接输入终端阻抗Z0和输出终端阻抗ZL后接地；以所述水平非均匀传输线方向为X轴，所述水平非均匀传输线的垂直平分线为Y轴。
参见图2，是本发明实施例提供的一种双频带非均匀传输线阻抗变换器的电路中的T型电路的电路结构图。在本实施例中，所述的T型电路设有一条水平非均匀传输线101、一条开路非均匀传输线102和一条短路非均匀传输线103；所述开路非均匀传输线102的一端与短路非均匀传输线103的一端均连接于所
述输出终端阻抗输入端Zout1。
所述水平非均匀传输线101长度为lA1其特性阻抗ZA1用截断的傅里叶展开表示；
所述开路非均匀传输线102长度为lB1其特性阻抗ZB1用截断的傅里叶展开表示；
所述短路非均匀传输线103长度为lC1其特性阻抗ZC1用截断的傅里叶展开表示。
参见图3，是本发明实施例提供的一种双频带非均匀传输线阻抗变换器的电路中的第一种π型电路的电路结构图。在本实施例中，所述第一种π型电路，设有一条水平非均匀传输线201以及两条并联的开路非均匀传输线202、203；当所述两条并联的开路非均匀传输线302、303也可被替换为两条并联的短路非均匀传输线302、303，与水平非均匀传输线301串联时，即为第二种π型电路，如图4；
在图3中，所述开路非均匀传输线202连接所述输入终端阻抗输出端Zin2，开路非均匀传输线203连接所述输出终端阻抗输入端Zout2；在图4中，所述短路非均匀传输线302连接于所述输入终端阻抗输出端Zin3，短路非均匀传输线303连接于所述输出终端阻抗输入端Zout3；
所述水平非均匀传输线201长度为lA2其特性阻抗ZA2用截断的傅里叶展开表示；
所述开路非均匀传输线202长度为lB2其特性阻抗ZB2用截断的傅里叶展开表示；
所述开路非均匀传输线203长度为lC2其特性阻抗ZC2用截断的傅里叶展开表示；
所述水平非均匀传输线301长度为lA3其特性阻抗ZA3用截断的傅里叶展开表示；
所述短路非均匀传输线302长度为lB3其特性阻抗ZB3用截断的傅里叶展开表
示；
所述短路非均匀传输线303长度为lC3其特性阻抗ZC3用截断的傅里叶展开表示。
所述第一种π型电路和第二种π型电路均沿Y轴对称。
参见图4，是本发明实施例提供的一种双频带非均匀传输线阻抗变换器的电路中的H型电路的电路结构图。在本实施例中，所述H型电路，设有一条水平非均匀传输线401、两条并联的开路非均匀传输线402、403和两条并联的短路非均匀传输线404、405；所述开路非均匀传输线402连接于所述输入终端阻抗输出端Zin4，开路非均匀传输线403连接于所述输出终端阻抗输入端Zout4；所述短路非均匀传输线404连接于所述输入终端阻抗输出端Zin4，短路非均匀传输线405连接于所述输出终端阻抗输入端Zout4；所述H型电路沿Y轴对称。
所述水平非均匀传输线401长度为lA4其特性阻抗ZA4用截断的傅里叶展开表示；
所述开路非均匀传输线402长度为lB4其特性阻抗ZB4用截断的傅里叶展开表示；
所述开路非均匀传输线403长度为lC4其特性阻抗ZC4用截断的傅里叶展开表示；
所述短路非均匀传输线404长度为lD4其特性阻抗ZD4用截断的傅里叶展开表示；
所述短路非均匀传输线405长度为lE4其特性阻抗ZE4用截断的傅里叶展开表示；
在本实施例中，所述输入终端阻抗Z0和输出终端阻抗ZL可以为任意复数；所述T型电路、π型电路和H型电路均工作于双频带。
以上所述是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
- 一种双频带非均匀传输线阻抗变换器的设计方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：S1.将阻抗变换器每条非均匀传输线的特性阻抗用截断的傅里叶展开并得到归一化表达式；S2.将每条非均匀传输线按照长度均等分成至少两段；S3.求出每条非均匀传输线的传输矩阵；S4.求出整个阻抗变换器的传输矩阵；S5.根据位于双频带中的离散频率fj求出输入终端阻抗输入端的反射系数Γin(fj)；S6.构造频率目标函数
S7.构造阻抗约束条件Zmin≤Z≤Zmax，Z为阻抗变换器中非均匀传输线任意点处的特性阻抗；S8.基于所述阻抗约束条件最小化所述频率目标函数，并构造数学优化模型
S9.得到傅里叶系数an,bn,cn,...；S10.将步骤S9得到的傅里叶系数an,bn,cn,...代入所述步骤S5中，分析判定输入终端阻抗输出端的反射系数是否小于预定值，若是，执行步骤S12，若不是，则返回到步骤S2；S11.将所述步骤S9中得到的傅里叶系数an,bn,cn,...代入所述步骤S1中每条非均匀传输线的特性阻抗的归一化表达式中，求出每条非均匀传输线的特性阻抗；S12.根据传输线综合方法由所述步骤S11中得到的每条非均匀传输线的特性阻抗求出每条非均匀传输线的物理尺寸；S13.将所述步骤S12中的每条非均匀传输线与输入终端阻抗和输出终端阻抗连接的电路进行三维电磁仿真检验阻抗变换器的阻抗匹配效果。 - 如权利要求1所述的一种双频带非均匀传输线阻抗变换器的设计方法，其特征在于：在所述步骤S5中，将两个双频带分别表示为[f1L,f1H]和[f2L,f2H]，且f2L＞f1H，fj由一系列位于双频带中的离散频率组成，j＝1,2,...M。
- 如权利要求1所述的一种双频带非均匀传输线阻抗变换器的设计方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S7中的约束条件根据实际中电路加工工艺的精度设定为20Ω<Z<120Ω。
- 如权利要求1所述的一种双频带非均匀传输线阻抗变换器的设计方法，其特征在于：在步骤S8中，通过最小二乘法最小化所述频率目标函数以构造数学优化模型。
- 一种双频带非均匀传输线阻抗变换器的电路，其特征在于，包括由水平非均匀传输线、开路非均匀传输线与/或短路非均匀传输线、输入终端阻抗、输出终端阻抗连接组成的T型电路、π型电路或H型电路；所述水平非均匀传输线连接于输入终端阻抗输出端与输出终端阻抗输入端之间，所述输入终端阻抗输入端与输出终端阻抗输出端分别连接输入终端阻抗和输出终端阻抗后接地；以所述水平非均匀传输线方向为X轴，所述水平非均匀传输线的垂直平分线为Y轴。
- 如权利要求5所述的一种双频带非均匀传输线阻抗变换器的电路，其特征在于：所述T型电路设有一条水平非均匀传输线、一条开路非均匀传输线和一条短路非均匀传输线；所述开路非均匀传输线的一端与短路非均匀传输线的一端均连接于所述输出终端阻抗输入端。
- 如权利要求5所述的一种双频带非均匀传输线阻抗变换器的电路，其特征在于：所述π型电路，设有一条水平非均匀传输线以及两条并联的开路非均匀传输线或两条并联的短路非均匀传输线；所述两条开路非均匀传输线中的一条连接所述输入终端阻抗输出端，另一条连接所述输出终端阻抗输入端，或所述短路非均匀传输线中的一条连接于所述输入终端阻抗输出端，另一条连接于所述输出终端阻抗输入端；所述π型电路沿Y轴对称。
- 如权利要求5所述的一种双频带非均匀传输线阻抗变换器的电路，其特征在于：所述H型电路，设有一条水平非均匀传输线、两条并联的开路非均匀传输线和两条并联的短路非均匀传输线；所述两条开路非均匀传输线中的一条连接于所述输入终端阻抗输出端，另一条连接于所述输出终端阻抗输入端；所述两条短路非均匀传输线中的一条连接于所述输入终端阻抗输出端，另一条连接于所述输出终端阻抗输入端；所述H型电路沿Y轴对称。
- 如权利要求5所述的一种双频带非均匀传输线阻抗变换器的电路，其特征在于：所述输入终端阻抗和输出终端阻抗为任意复数。
- 如权利要求5所述的一种双频带非均匀传输线阻抗变换器的电路，其特征在于：所述电路工作于双频带。
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