WO2018073729A1 - Éolienne à flux cyclonique avec éléments statoriques et rotoriques - Google Patents
Éolienne à flux cyclonique avec éléments statoriques et rotoriques Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2018073729A1 WO2018073729A1 PCT/IB2017/056421 IB2017056421W WO2018073729A1 WO 2018073729 A1 WO2018073729 A1 WO 2018073729A1 IB 2017056421 W IB2017056421 W IB 2017056421W WO 2018073729 A1 WO2018073729 A1 WO 2018073729A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- rotor
- flow
- stator
- blades
- turbine according
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003190 augmentative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RLQJEEJISHYWON-UHFFFAOYSA-N flonicamid Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=NC=C1C(=O)NCC#N RLQJEEJISHYWON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D3/04—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor having stationary wind-guiding means, e.g. with shrouds or channels
- F03D3/0409—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor having stationary wind-guiding means, e.g. with shrouds or channels surrounding the rotor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D3/04—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor having stationary wind-guiding means, e.g. with shrouds or channels
- F03D3/0436—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor having stationary wind-guiding means, e.g. with shrouds or channels for shielding one side of the rotor
- F03D3/0472—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor having stationary wind-guiding means, e.g. with shrouds or channels for shielding one side of the rotor the shield orientation being adaptable to the wind motor
- F03D3/049—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor having stationary wind-guiding means, e.g. with shrouds or channels for shielding one side of the rotor the shield orientation being adaptable to the wind motor with converging inlets, i.e. the shield intercepting an area greater than the effective rotor area
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D3/06—Rotors
- F03D3/061—Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape, e.g. aerofoil profiles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2250/00—Geometry
- F05B2250/20—Geometry three-dimensional
- F05B2250/23—Geometry three-dimensional prismatic
- F05B2250/232—Geometry three-dimensional prismatic conical
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction
Definitions
- the invention relates to a turbine realized according to the preamble of claim 1.
- This disclosure relates in general to Aeolian generators and in particular to vertical axis wind turbines.
- Betz's limit (16/27 « 59.3%) and the condition on the ideal ratio (3: 1 ) between inlet and outlet fluid speeds, as is known, can be deduced using the so called actuator disk model, where the turbine is constituted by a thin, zero-inertia disk, free to rotate about its axis, through which air flows in axial direction.
- Betz's limit rests on energy balance considerations applicable to any wind turbine, with either horizontal axis (HAWT) or, as we have demonstrated, vertical axis (VAWT), having a substitute of the actuator disk, but, as it has been stated, the actuator disk theory, although useful for establishing the limit of efficiency, is not of help in designing high-performance real-world turbines. This is incorrect.
- the Betz's actuator disk may be figured out as a blind disk, with its axis parallel to the flow lines, the whole surface of it being therefore perpendicular to the motion of fluid particles.
- the surface of the actuator disk being orthogonal to the flux, could absorb all the available power (100%), but in order to be able to rotate for converting the kinetic energy lost by the air into mechanical energy, it must be divided into several wedges and each wedge must be rotated about its radial axis by an angle which we set equal to 19° 28' 16". It is the angle whose sine value is 1/3.
- Betz's actuator disk is only an ideal concept useful for calculating the theoretical limit of 59.3%, but it allows us to state which are the inescapable hypotheses for achieving a high mechanical efficiency of any turbine:
- the moderating action of the stator of a VAWT must not only be that of directing the airflow towards right or left with respect to the radial direction, but also that of diverting it in the axial direction according to a functional pre-defined proportion.
- the stator in addition of being composed of vertical walls, must therefore have several horizontal sections consisting of inclined surfaces able to divert the airflow upward, or downward, as suggested in US4508973-A and US2010084867-A1 , where, however, this concept is not used to create an ascending air circulation, but only to direct the flow against a propeller mounted on a vertical axis, without benefits with respect to a propeller of equivalent size in free air.
- novel stator of this disclosure refers to the type of wind turbines, theorized by the inventor, qualified as "cyclonic-flow turbines" (in short referred to by the phonetic acronym CEG, Cyclonic Aeolian General because the rotor is driven by the self sustained swirling movement of the fluid that is established inside the stator and that proceeds towards one of the ends of the cylindrical rotor space delimited by it.
- CEG Cyclonic Aeolian General
- the turbine of the present invention is realized according to the characterizing part of claim 1.
- the stator is composed of two identical truncated-cone surfaces - or other annular surfaces having a given slope to the inner edge - of outer radius 2R and inner radius r, coaxially placed and separated by a given distance, which constitute the top and bottom bases of the structure, rigidly fixed to each other by a set of vertical walls, whose curved section is an arc of cycloid, radially arranged at regular distances around the inner edge of said truncated-cone surfaces and that extend up to a distance R from the axis of symmetry of the stator.
- a set of roller guides are mounted, which fix and sustain, at the bottom and at the top, a mobile element named collector, free to swing longitudinally around the central cylindrical part of the stator, ideally delimited by an outer vertical surface with semi-circular horizontal section and radius 2R, and by an inner vertical surface, facing the center of the stator, whose horizontal section is composed of two specular arcs of cardioids, which starting from the two ends of the semi-circle of radius 2R meet in a central cusp placed at a distance R from the axis of the stator.
- the inner surface of the collector is ruled with grooves, of suitable depth depending on the material used, the purpose of which is to guide the laminar flow of the boundary layer to climb, with identical slope of the bases, along the inner surface of the collector starting from the two opposite ends toward the central cusp.
- a stack of truncated-cone sections with the same inclination of the bases, the same internal radius rand outer radius R, that is, half of that of the bases, are arranged coaxially with the structure, regularly spaced or, for large-size generators, separated by upwardly decreasing distances.
- the internal radius r of the stator for sake of simplicity assumed constant, will in general vary, and with it the diameter of the rotor, wherever the extension in height of the turbine requires such an optimization to compensate for the natural wind speed variation with the altitude.
- the hollow rotor has not a central shaft in order to keep free the area which will be occupied by the low pressure core of the vortex.
- the helical blades are mounted on peripheral cylindrical guides capable of sliding along circular rails fixed on the edges of the rotor space.
- the inner region of the blades is occluded at the bottom by a right cone, integral with the blades, which completes the truncated cone of the bottom base of the stator, while upwardly it constitutes the opening of the air discharge, exhaust that is assisted by the external ascending current generated by the free flow of the wind not intercepted by the stator and diverted upwards by the upper base of the stator itself.
- Wind air intercepted by the two ends of the mobile collector is gradually deflected and directed toward the leeward surface of the cylindrical central part of the stator.
- a stream of identical flow rate is directly intercepted by the surface exposed to the wind.
- Short flow conduits (sectors of square or hexagonal cross section and cycloidal side walls) of the stator guide these two air-streams into the inner rotor space, where they assume an ascending swirling motion of cylindrical symmetry.
- a rotor of any shape and size sweeps a full cylindrical volume (Savonius, HAWT) or a tubular volume (Darrieus, Gorlov). Therefore, a steady cyclonic flow, confined in the inner rotor, regular and concentric with the axis of rotation of the blades, allows you to maintain a constant angle of incidence between the flow lines and the surface of the blades, as imposed by the first hypothesis.
- the air jets that exit the guiding conduits of the stator are constantly slanted upward by an angle ⁇ and directed to the right by 45°. Therefore, the flow lines which hit the peripheral portion of the blades impinge perpendicularly to their surfaces during the whole rotation, as requested by the second hypothesis.
- the peripheral portion of the upwind surface of the blades is convex in order to ideally be perpendicular to this primary injection flow.
- Fig. 1 is a perspective, schematic, view of a wind generator according to an exemplary embodiment of this invention.
- Fig. 2 represents a horizontal section of the stator; the white arrows indicate the flow of the intercepted air, the dotted arrows the movement which the air assumes within the rotor space in the horizontal plane.
- Fig. 3 is a perspective and cross-sectional view illustrating a possible embodiment of the lower support base 1 which houses the electrical generator or other energy converter.
- Fig. 4 shows the mobile collector, placed on the sliding rails of the base, which consists of an inner ruled surface, in the shape of a double-pitch cardioid 2, and of a semicircular outer surface 3.
- Fig. 5 indicates the positioning of the (twelve) vertical walls 4 of cycloidal cross-section along the perimeter of the rotor space.
- Fig. 6 shows the (three) truncated-cone sections 5, having the same inclination of the base and half of its diameter, coaxially placed and separated by a regular distance, or, for large-size stators, by an upwardly decreasing distance.
- Fig. 7 is a side view of the complete stator with the upper base 6.
- Fig. 8 shows a perspective view (a), a side view (b) and top view (c) of the rotor.
- the new stator according to the present invention is shown schematically in Fig. 1 , and in more detail in the sequence of drawings of Fig. 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7.
- Fig. 4 shows the mobile collector, placed on the sliding rails of the base, which consists of an inner surface 2, in the shape of double-pitch cardioids, whose horizontal section has equation
- the inner surface of the collector is ruled with grooves, the purpose of which is to guide the laminar flow of the boundary layer to rise along the inner surface of the collector, starting from the two opposing ends toward the central cusp, of a height difference equal to that of the base between its outer and inner edges.
- Z) 2Rsin ⁇ - , having chosen for this exemplary embodiment twelve vertical walls to delimit the rotor space.
- Fig. 5 indicates the positioning of the twelve vertical walls 4 along the perimeter of radius rof the rotor space.
- the horizontal section of each wall is represented by an arc of cycloid of arametric equation:
- Fig. 6 shows three truncated-cone sections 5, having the same inclination of the base, ⁇ , same inner radius, r, and half of its outer radius, R, coaxially placed and separated by a regular distance, which, for sake of simplicity, we pose equal to D.
- ⁇ same inner radius
- r same inner radius
- R half of its outer radius
- Fig. 7 is a side view of the complete stator with the upper base 6, similar in size and shape to the lower base, coaxial with the inferior conical sections and separated from the lower base by a distance equal to AD.
- Two guides identical to those of the lower base are mounted on the upper base to allow the mobile collector to swing longitudinally around the central fixed part of the stator, positioning itself leeward to the stator.
- the swivelling collector by virtue of its shape and constraints, produces air streams via the leeward flow conduits similar to those produced via the windward conduits of the stator (white arrows). This contributes to sustain the cyclonic circulation of air in the rotor space, enhancing its cylindrical symmetry and concentricity with the rotor shaft (dotted arrows), and eliminates any braking action on the blades travelling through the leeward sectors.
- each blade consists of a helix that winds in an arc of length Dyfi around the axis of rotation, about 1/5 of a full turn, and a minimum of three blades evenly distributes the torque along the rotor shaft.
- the air injected from the latter that does not strike any blade constitutes the secondary flow, whose energy feeds the vortex and ensures that the entire surface of the blades is constantly subject to the lift generated by the concurrent movement of the air that precedes the blades during a complete rotation.
- the sectors contribute to the total power in a different extent according to the orientation of their inlet section relative to the incident wind direction; without loss of generality, for all the conduits that surround the rotor, we can consider the ensuing three possible angulations: 75°, 45° e 15° (or 90°, 60°, 30° and 0° for the other limit position).
- the flow intercepted by the two front sectors, placed at 75° with respect to the wind direction, proportional to sin 75° is equal to that of the two diametrically opposite sectors, in correspondence of the cusp of the collector; four sectors intercept a flow proportional to sin 45° , the remaining four sectors to sinl5° .
- the available power within the rotor space is equal to that intercepted by the stator, in the assumption of laminar flow.
- the load losses due to the viscosity of the air are partially compensated by the density increase of the fluid, here supposed unchanged.
- each sector contributes to increase the tangential velocity of the vortex proportionally to the sine of the relative angle formed with respect to the wind direction by its own inlet section. Since the ratio of the tangential velocity to the axial velocity of the vortex is constant at each point, it is always possible to select the height of the stator in such a way that the air entering the base of stator exits from the top of the rotor space after completing a full round. Within this assumption, considering the possible angulations 15°, 45° and 75°, the average injection velocity results:
- the surface A L on which acts the pressure gradient is less than the area of incidence A I previously considered since only a fraction of the air that comes out from each sector spreads out in the area of influence of the adjacent sector, producing an accelerated air stream.
- the edge of the blade does not experience any pressure gradient (same tangential air speed on leading surface and on trailing surface), which qualitatively explains why A, ⁇ A T .
- the internal available power, pTM calculated according to standard considerations, on the contrary assumes that the rotor is composed of 12 blades, equal to the number of radial sectors; a lower number of blades means that one or more of the terms of equation (13) is zero, and, consequently, that the total available power progressively reduces until it vanishes in the absence of blades.
- a direct calculation shows that for an intermediate number of blades between 0 and 12 - provided they are arranged at regular angular distances - the "thrust" contribution to the power on the blade that is missed is compensated in equal measure by the contribution of the augmented aerodynamic "lift" on the first available blade immediately preceding.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Wind Motors (AREA)
Abstract
La déduction de la théorie de Betz pour un axe de rotation orthogonal à la direction du fluide conduit à identifier la meilleure géométrie, des angles et des surfaces afin d'obtenir un transfert d'énergie maximal possible du flux de fluide au rotor d'une éolienne à axe vertical (VAWT) du monde réel. A partir de cette étude, l'éolienne décrite, caractérisée par son stator, obtenue par combinaison de surfaces cycloïdales (4) et coniques (1-5-6) représentant une simplification et une optimisation par rapport à des systèmes similaires, avec un accent sur le transport d'une fraction prédéterminée de l'écoulement dans la direction axiale, contrairement à d'autres stators qui ne sont dirigés que pour produire des jets orthogonalement à l'axe de rotation, générant ainsi une turbulence et obligeant le rotor à décharger l'air. Le stator ne nécessite pas de systèmes d'orientation électromécaniques grâce au collecteur mobile (3) sous la forme d'une surface interne à double pas et à surface interne rainurée (2), libre de pivoter autour du corps central fixe pour auto-positionner le vent, capable de produire un flux de retour avec des composantes de vitesse horizontale et verticale égales à celles du vent ascendant et de maintenir fixe et coaxial le flux d'air cyclonique qui déplace le rotor. Grâce au fait que la phase passive soit éliminée et remplacée par une contribution de levage continue, les pales de rotor creuses sont conçues avec des surfaces incurvées fonctionnelles pour être orthogonales aux lignes d'écoulement pendant toute la rotation. Dans la région d'écoulement laminaire, la partie des pales investie par le fluide est en effet convexe (7), non concave comme dans toutes les éoliennes à axe vertical (VAWT). L'efficacité élevée est maintenue par le gradient de pression obtenu entre l'air extérieur et le cœur du vortex, grâce auquel le mouvement laminaire est stationnaire à n'importe quel régime de vent et le ralentissement du flux provoqué par la présence de la turbine est considérablement réduit par rapport à tout autre type de générateurs éoliens de zone d'interception identique.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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ITUA2016U234626 | 2016-10-18 | ||
IT201600104228 | 2016-10-18 |
Publications (1)
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WO2018073729A1 true WO2018073729A1 (fr) | 2018-04-26 |
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PCT/IB2017/056421 WO2018073729A1 (fr) | 2016-10-18 | 2017-10-17 | Éolienne à flux cyclonique avec éléments statoriques et rotoriques |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2021162010A (ja) * | 2020-04-04 | 2021-10-11 | 夢づくりの森 株式会社 | 円筒状小型風力発電装置 |
CN114645823A (zh) * | 2022-05-19 | 2022-06-21 | 山西丰秦源新能源开发有限公司 | 基于微风聚能风力发电的一种引风导流室结构 |
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GB185939A (en) * | 1921-08-19 | 1922-09-21 | Bunji Hashimoto | Improvements in or relating to horizontally operating windmills |
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WO2013080192A1 (fr) * | 2012-01-13 | 2013-06-06 | Pellegri Adriano | Éolienne cyclonique à axe vertical pourvue d'un dispositif de guidage du vent |
WO2015004588A1 (fr) | 2013-07-12 | 2015-01-15 | Treecube S.R.L. | Turbine éolienne à axe vertical |
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2017
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WO1996038667A1 (fr) | 1995-05-30 | 1996-12-05 | Northeastern University | Turbine helicoidale pour la production de courant et pour la propulsion |
US5852331A (en) | 1996-06-21 | 1998-12-22 | Giorgini; Roberto | Wind turbine booster |
US6015258A (en) | 1998-04-17 | 2000-01-18 | Taylor; Ronald J. | Wind turbine |
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CN101387265B (zh) | 2008-10-08 | 2011-06-22 | 大连理工大学 | 涡轮式立轴风力机 |
US20120175883A1 (en) | 2009-09-16 | 2012-07-12 | Horia Nica | Hollow rotor core for generating a vortex in a wind turbine |
US20110006542A1 (en) | 2010-08-10 | 2011-01-13 | Burrell Iv James W | Helix Turbine System and Energy Production Means |
WO2013006061A1 (fr) | 2011-07-04 | 2013-01-10 | Flumill As | Agencement pour extraire de l'énergie à partir d'un liquide en écoulement |
WO2013080192A1 (fr) * | 2012-01-13 | 2013-06-06 | Pellegri Adriano | Éolienne cyclonique à axe vertical pourvue d'un dispositif de guidage du vent |
WO2015004588A1 (fr) | 2013-07-12 | 2015-01-15 | Treecube S.R.L. | Turbine éolienne à axe vertical |
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JP2021162010A (ja) * | 2020-04-04 | 2021-10-11 | 夢づくりの森 株式会社 | 円筒状小型風力発電装置 |
CN114645823A (zh) * | 2022-05-19 | 2022-06-21 | 山西丰秦源新能源开发有限公司 | 基于微风聚能风力发电的一种引风导流室结构 |
CN114645823B (zh) * | 2022-05-19 | 2022-08-12 | 山西丰秦源新能源开发有限公司 | 基于微风聚能风力发电的一种引风导流室结构 |
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