CN113227566B - 全向发电机设备 - Google Patents

全向发电机设备 Download PDF

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CN113227566B
CN113227566B CN201980057841.7A CN201980057841A CN113227566B CN 113227566 B CN113227566 B CN 113227566B CN 201980057841 A CN201980057841 A CN 201980057841A CN 113227566 B CN113227566 B CN 113227566B
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channels
generator device
directional generator
directional
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CN113227566A (zh
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尼古拉斯·贡萨洛·奥雷利亚纳奥尔古因
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Omnidirectional Innovation Co ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D5/00Other wind motors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/02Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor  having a plurality of rotors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06Rotors
    • F03D1/0608Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape
    • F03D1/0625Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape of the whole rotor, i.e. form features of the rotor unit
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/04Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor  having stationary wind-guiding means, e.g. with shrouds or channels
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06Rotors
    • F03D1/0608Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/02Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor  having a plurality of rotors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/04Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor  having stationary wind-guiding means, e.g. with shrouds or channels
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/06Rotors
    • F03D3/061Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape, e.g. aerofoil profiles
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/06Rotors
    • F03D3/062Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00Application
    • F05B2220/70Application in combination with
    • F05B2220/706Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00Components
    • F05B2240/20Rotors
    • F05B2240/21Rotors for wind turbines
    • F05B2240/211Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00Components
    • F05B2240/20Rotors
    • F05B2240/21Rotors for wind turbines
    • F05B2240/221Rotors for wind turbines with horizontal axis
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2250/00Geometry
    • F05B2250/10Geometry two-dimensional
    • F05B2250/11Geometry two-dimensional triangular
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2250/00Geometry
    • F05B2250/70Shape
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种全向发电机设备,该设备能够将流体的推力从竖直平面、水平平面或斜对角平面中的任何方向转换为围绕单一轴线的旋转运动。这种旋转运动可以使用已知的手段转换为电能。

Description

全向发电机设备
发明领域
本发明是一种利用全向通量(flujos omnidireccionales)来产生能量的设备。
发明背景
基于风的能量产生设备通常根据其轴线的定向来分类,该轴线可以是竖直的(VAWTs)或水平的(HAWTs)。
具有水平轴线的基于风的能量产生设备鉴于其在面对稳定的高速风时的效率而成为产生大量能量的市场上占有率最高的那些能量产生设备。这些能量产生设备的主要局限性在于它们需要被定位在风的方向和强度稳定的地区,这是因为它们不能在低速下运行,并且除了使风垂直于其叶片面向的方向系统之外还需要针对高速的制动系统,这使得它不适用于具有变化的风的地区,诸如城市。其他通常引起注意的不便是由于它们受到的振动而造成的相对高的故障概率、它们产生的噪音以及对环境的视觉影响和对鸟类生活的影响。
具有竖直轴线的基于风的能量产生设备能够从垂直于他们的轴线的任何方向面对风,因此这些能量产生设备通常被描述为“全向的(omnidireccionales)”。这种描述是错误的,因为所述涡轮机只能在垂直于其轴线的风(即水平的风)下工作,而不能在竖直或斜对角风下工作,因此它们不适用于风可在竖直、水平或对角线定向上有影响的情况,诸如在城市中的建筑物的正面。
所提出的设备具有面对来自任何方向的风的能力,不仅是水平的,而且还可以是斜对角的和竖直的,这允许该设备可以被描述为真正全向性的。
一些已经被公布为“全向的”的风力发电机在申请ES 1,072,304、ES 2,620,927、ES 2 477 115和ES 2,418,680中呈现。
基于风的发电机设备也可以根据其工作原理(能够通过升力(sustentación)还是通过阻力(arrastre)来工作)来分类。大部分水平轴设备以及一些竖直轴设备(诸如达里厄(Darrieus)),是基于升力来工作的。其他设备(例如诸如萨伏纽斯(Savonius))通过阻力来工作。
所提出的设备不是基于阻力或升力来工作的,其工作是基于文丘里效应,文丘里效应解释了行进通过具有可变横截面的导管的流体的压力差。因此,使每个通道的入口点大于出口点,行进通过的空气会加速,从而降低其离开压力,这产生了从入口到出口的推力。
其他基于文丘里效应的发电机主要用于加速面对螺旋桨的空气,但不产生推力。一些示例在公布US 2012/0175882、US 4,508,973、EP 2264309A2和US 2012/0098262 A1中示出。
因此,存在对获得基于来自任何方向的通量的能量发电机的需要,这种需要尚未得到解决。
发明概述
本发明涉及一种全向发电机设备,该设备能够将流体的推力从竖直平面、水平平面或斜对角平面中的任何方向转换为关于唯一的轴线的旋转运动。这种旋转运动可以通过已知的手段转换为电能。
这种设备在流体的方向和定向发生变化的地方特别有用,这种设备能够利用水平、竖直和/或斜对角定向上的流体发电。
这种设备不需要重新定向以面对来自不同方向的流体,因为其几何形状允许从它的任何一个面接收通量来工作。
该设备是根据具有的入口以可变的比例大于出口的通道形成。一旦流体经过,则入口和出口之间的尺寸差会产生压力差,从而产生从入口到出口的推力。
通道可以是直的或弯曲的并且具有可变的长度。入口可以暴露于设备的一个面,而出口可以通向其内部和/或外部。
通道可以被分组,形成几何主体的面,这些面可以是直的或弯曲的,并且呈各种多边形的形式。每个面可以包括一个或更多个通道,从而形成具有内部流出和/或外部流出的一个或更多个层的通道。
由通道形成的所有面都与关于唯一的轴线旋转的几何主体相一致。为了实现这一点,每个面被定向成使得其通道在确定的旋转方向上推动设备。
该设备通过固定轴线连接到发电系统,固定轴线将主体的旋转传递到发电机。
所述设备可能在几种情况下是有用的,诸如,例如用于在城市地区由风产生能量、在海浪下由水的通量产生能量。
附图简述
将参考附图更好地理解本发明,在附图中:
图1是示出了具有用字母A、B、C和D标识的面的正四面体的示意性图示;该图可以构成如示例中描述的风力涡轮机的基本几何形状。在图中,还标识了唯一的旋转轴线(k)和与其相交的顶点(f)和(g)。
图2是示出了示例中描述的全向涡轮机的示意性图示;该全向涡轮机的三角形面对应于图1中标识的那些面。该涡轮机的基本几何形状是正四面体。还示出了唯一的旋转轴线(k)。
图3是从涡轮机的旋转轴线的轴向角度示出示例中描述的涡轮机的示意性图示,示出了4个面:A、B、C和D。
图4是从涡轮机的旋转轴线的垂直角度示出示例中描述的涡轮机的示意性图示,示出了4个面:A、B、C和D。
图5是从轴测角度示出示例中描述的涡轮机的示意性图示。该涡轮机的四个面被分开呈现,以便于理解。面A和面B是相等且面对的;同样地,面C和面D也是相等且面对的。面A-面B和面C-面D之间的区别在于其内部通道的定向,这将在后面的图中进行解释。
图6是从轴测角度示出拆开的面A-面B和面C-面D的示意性视图。每个面由3个层(a)、(c)和(e)以及2组分隔件(b)和(d)组成。可分辨出分隔件在定向上有差异,该差异决定了示例中描述的涡轮机中空气通量的定向。这种差异允许将分隔件在涡轮机中定位在相反的位置中,每个面将风的推力转换为始终在同一方向上的旋转运动。
图7是示出了图6中示出的部件的示意性图示,这些部件以允许使风如何分布以及对每个面的影响可视化的方式进行分组。
组合(a+b)图示了具有入口的通道的分布,该入口在与唯一的旋转轴线相交的顶点(f)和(g)上,因此这些入口将是接收相对于旋转轴线(k)成轴向的风的入口。在示例中,这些通道(b)可以接收竖直(i)风和斜对角(j)风,并将其沿斜向方向向内引导,通过内部面(a)中的切口流出至内部出口。
组合(c+d)图示了具有入口的通道的分布,该入口位于不与旋转轴线(k)相交的顶点上。在示例中,这些通道(d)可以接收水平(h)风和斜向(j)风,并将其水平地向内引导,从而流出至外部出口。
元件(e)图示了关闭所有通道(d)的外部层。它的形状由通道给出并且不完全对应于球面的一区段。
在这个示例中,所有通道组(b)和(d)的入口由相同尺寸的圆形区段给出。因此,所有通道(b)和(d)的空气出口具有对应于入口的一半的面积。
应用示例
该技术的应用可以是基于风的能量发电机设备。
该设备可以由4个三角形面(A、B、C和D)组成,这四个三角形面形成正四面体。每个面也可以由2个通道组合(a+b)和(c+d)来组成,其中6个通道(b)具有内部流出并且6个通道(d)具有外部流出。具有内部流出的通道(b)可以与流出至外部的通道(d)在不同的方向上定向。
设备的唯一的旋转轴线(k)可以位于四面体的相对顶点(f)和(g)的中心。具有位于与旋转轴线相交的顶点处的入口的通道(b)可以被斜向地定向,以基于在轴向方向(i)上或相对于轴线斜对角地(j)影响设备的风来产生旋转运动。具有位于不与轴线相交的顶点处的入口的通道(d)可以垂直于轴线被定向,以基于相对于轴线垂直地(h)或相对于轴线斜对角地(j)影响设备的风来产生旋转运动。
通道(b)和(d)可以由直壁或弯曲壁分开,并且它们的上部面和下部面(a)、(c)和(e)可以是直的或弯曲的。通道的长度可以改变。每个面的空气的入口和出口可以符合圆形区段。入口和出口之间的关系可以以2:1的比例给出。
所述设备可以安装在建筑物的正面,其中该设备的轴线处于竖直、水平或斜对角位置,并且在这些位置中的任何一个中,可以基于这种类型的位置中存在的竖直、水平和斜对角的风来产生能量。
本发明还涉及以下方面:
一种全向发电机设备,其能够将流体的推力从竖直平面、水平平面或斜对角平面中的任何方向转换为关于唯一的轴线的旋转运动,其中所述全向发电机设备包括:
多个通道;
其中每个通道的入口大于每个通道的出口,其中一旦流体经过,所述入口和所述出口之间的尺寸差产生压力差,所述压力差产生从所述入口到所述出口的推力;
形成几何主体的多个面;
其中每个面将所述多个通道的子组分组,并且其中每个面被定向成使得其通道在确定的旋转方向上推动所述设备;
发电系统;
固定轴线;
其中,所述设备通过将所述主体的旋转传递到发电机的所述固定轴线连接到所述发电系统。

Claims (13)

1.一种全向发电机设备,其配置成将流体的推力从竖直平面、水平平面或斜对角平面中的任何方向转换为关于唯一的轴线的旋转运动,其中所述发电机设备包括:
多个通道;
其中所述多个通道中的每个通道的入口大于所述多个通道中的每个通道的出口,其中一旦流体经过,所述入口和所述出口之间的尺寸差产生压力差,所述压力差产生从所述入口到所述出口的推力;
形成几何主体的多个面,所述几何主体形成包括四个三角形面的正四面体;
其中每个面将所述多个通道的子组分组,并且其中每个面被定向成使得其通道在确定的旋转方向上推动所述全向发电机设备以旋转所述几何主体;
发电系统;
唯一的轴线;
其中,所述设备通过所述唯一的轴线连接到所述发电系统,所述唯一的轴线将所述几何主体的旋转传递到所述发电系统,
其中,所述多个通道的所述入口位于所述全向发电机设备的边缘处。
2.根据权利要求1所述的全向发电机设备,其中所述多个通道的所述出口通向所述全向发电机设备的内部。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的全向发电机设备,其中所述多个通道的所述出口通向所述全向发电机设备的外部。
4.根据权利要求1所述的全向发电机设备,其中每个面包括多个层的所述通道,其中所述多个层中的第一层的第一通道在与所述多个层中的第二层的第二通道不同的方向上定向。
5.根据权利要求1所述的全向发电机设备,其中所述多个通道中的具有位于与所述唯一的轴线相交的边缘处的入口的通道相对于所述唯一的轴线斜对角地定向,所述多个通道中的具有位于不与所述唯一的轴线相交的边缘处的入口的通道相对于所述唯一的轴线垂直地定向。
6.根据权利要求1所述的全向发电机设备,其中所述多个通道的长度不同。
7.根据权利要求1所述的全向发电机设备,其中所述多个面是多边形的。
8.根据权利要求1所述的全向发电机设备,其中所述多个面是弯曲的。
9.根据权利要求1所述的全向发电机设备,其中所述多个面是直的。
10.根据权利要求1所述的全向发电机设备,其中所述全向发电机设备能够安装在建筑的正面中以由风产生能量。
11.根据权利要求1所述的全向发电机设备,其中每个通道的所述出口的尺寸是每个通道的所述入口的尺寸的一半。
12.根据权利要求1所述的全向发电机设备,其中:
所述四个三角形面中的第一组两个面是相等且面对的,并且所述四个三角形面中的第二组两
个面是相等且面对的,并且
所述四个三角形面中的所述第一组两个面的通道相对于所述四个三角形面中的所述第二组两个面的通道不同地定向。
13.根据权利要求1所述的全向发电机设备,包括具有内部流出的多个通道和具有外部流出的多个通道,具有内部流出的所述通道在与具有外部流出的所述通道不同的方向上定向。
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