WO2018072067A1

WO2018072067A1 - Antenna component and unmanned aerial vehicle

Info

Publication number: WO2018072067A1
Application number: PCT/CN2016/102303
Authority: WO
Inventors: 冯建刚; 李栋; 胡孟; 魏建平; 吕超
Original assignee: 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司
Priority date: 2016-10-18
Filing date: 2016-10-18
Publication date: 2018-04-26
Also published as: CN107004945B; CN107004945A

Abstract

An antenna component and an unmanned aerial vehicle. The antenna component comprises an antenna unit capable of working in at least two bands and a direction guiding object, where the at least two bands comprise: a first band and a second band, and the direction guiding object is used for altering the radiating direction of the antenna unit on a first plane and the radiating direction on a second plane. This is used for optimizing and altering a radiating direction pattern of the antenna unit, has a simple implementation method, provides great effects, and satisfies demands of the unmanned aerial vehicle for antenna miniaturization and ease of installation.

Description

Antenna assembly and drone

Technical field

The present invention relates to the field of aircraft technology, and in particular, to an antenna assembly and a drone.

Background technique

The drone is a carrier that is controlled by radio remote control equipment, such as unmanned aerial vehicles, unmanned vehicles, unmanned ships, etc. Because the drone has the advantages of small size and flexibility, the drone is more A wide range of applications in the field of technology.

When designing the antenna of the UAV, the antenna is usually placed near the metal gimbal of the drone. Due to the influence of the metal gimbal, the radiation pattern of the antenna will be distorted and there will be a large depression at the position of the gimbal. The maximum radiation direction of the antenna is offset.

At present, the radiation pattern of the antenna is generally changed by changing the floor of the antenna or changing the antenna form. However, for the first method, the size of the antenna floor is difficult to change, especially on a drone or other small device. The size of the antenna floor is difficult to change. For changing the antenna radiation pattern by changing the antenna form, such as Yagi antenna, the antenna radiation pattern is changed by adding a reflection unit and a directing unit, but the conventional directional antenna such as Yagi antenna is large in size, complicated in structure, and difficult to implement. It cannot meet the requirements of the drone for the miniaturization and easy installation of the antenna.

Summary of the invention

The antenna assembly and the drone provided by the embodiments of the present invention are used to optimize and change the radiation pattern of the antenna.

In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an antenna assembly, including:

An antenna unit capable of operating in at least two frequency bands, the at least two frequency bands comprising: a first frequency band and a second frequency band, wherein the first frequency band is different from the second frequency band;

Leading to an object for changing a radiation direction of the antenna unit in a first plane and a radiation direction of the second plane.

In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a drone, including:

Body

An inertial measurement unit, configured to acquire posture information of the drone;

a power system mounted to the fuselage for providing flight power;

An antenna assembly for wireless communication; the antenna assembly includes:

The antenna assembly and the unmanned aerial vehicle provided by the embodiments of the present invention are directed to a direction such as a metal piece in the direction of the direction of the antenna unit, and direct the radiation pattern of the antenna unit toward the object to be placed, thereby changing the antenna unit. The maximum radiation direction, thereby optimizing and changing the radiation pattern of the antenna unit, and the implementation method is simple and the effect is good, which satisfies the requirements of the drone for the miniaturization and easy installation of the antenna.

DRAWINGS

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, a brief description of the drawings used in the embodiments or the prior art description will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description It is a certain embodiment of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained from those skilled in the art without any inventive labor.

1 is a schematic structural view 1 of an antenna assembly provided by the present invention;

2 is a schematic structural view 2 of an antenna assembly provided by the present invention applied to a drone;

3A is a schematic diagram of a pitch plane of an original radiation pattern of an antenna unit;

3B is a schematic diagram of a horizontal plane of an original radiation pattern of an antenna unit;

4A is a schematic diagram of a radiation pattern elevation plane after optimization of an antenna unit;

4B is a schematic diagram of a radiation pattern horizontal plane after optimization of an antenna unit;

Figure 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the drone.

detailed description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is a partial embodiment of the invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art obtain the following without creative efforts. All other embodiments obtained are within the scope of the invention.

The antenna assembly and the unmanned aerial vehicle according to the embodiments of the present invention lead the object to the object, such as a metal piece, in the direction of the direction of the antenna, and direct the radiation pattern of the antenna to the direction in which the object is placed, thereby changing the maximum radiation of the antenna. The direction, thereby optimizing and changing the radiation pattern of the antenna, and the implementation method is simple and the effect is good, and the requirements for the miniaturization and easy installation of the antenna by the drone are satisfied. The antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention may be used in an unmanned aerial vehicle, and the unmanned aerial vehicle may be an unmanned aerial vehicle, an unmanned vehicle, an unmanned vehicle, and the like. Detailed description of components and drones.

1 is a schematic structural diagram 1 of an antenna assembly provided by the present invention. Referring to FIG. 1, the antenna assembly includes an antenna unit 11 and a guiding object 12 capable of operating in at least two frequency bands, wherein the at least two frequency bands include: The first frequency band and the second frequency band, wherein the first frequency band is different from the second frequency band. The guiding object 12 is used to change the radiation direction of the antenna unit 11 in the first plane and the radiation direction of the second plane. The first plane and the second plane are the horizontal plane and the elevation plane of the radiation pattern of the antenna unit 11.

The antenna unit 11 in the antenna assembly is used for transmitting and receiving signals. In the actual application process, before placing the object 12, it is necessary to determine the size and placement position of the object 12, that is, firstly according to the radiation pattern of the antenna unit 11 The direction of the depression of the face and the direction of the depression of the horizontal plane determine the direction of the orientation, and the size and placement position of the object 12 are determined according to the size of the depression of the elevation plane of the antenna unit 11 and the size of the depression of the horizontal plane, and the placement position is in the direction of the orientation. The distance from the antenna unit 11 is a distance. The rule for determining the size of the object 12 is that the directing action is proportional to the size of the object 12, and the distance between the placement position of the object 12 and the antenna unit 11 is inversely proportional to the guiding action. Specifically, the length L1 leading to the object 12 is greater than 1/4 wavelength of the operating frequency of the antenna unit, and less than 1/2 wavelength of the operating frequency of the antenna unit. The guiding object is a good conductor, for example, a metal piece.

After the addition of the object 12, the radiation field of the antenna unit 11 generates an induced current on the surface of the object 12, and these induced currents generate an additional radiation field which is superimposed on the radiation field of the antenna unit 11 itself due to The phase of the radiation field is different from the phase of the radiation field of the antenna unit 11 itself (the phase of the radiation field is determined by the distance between the object 12 and the antenna unit 11), and different phases may be generated in the same direction (generating the direction) , or out of phase cancellation (the effect of reflection). Thereby producing the results of the directed and reflected. Therefore, it is possible to guide the radiation pattern of the antenna unit to the direction in which the object is placed, and change the maximum radiation direction of the antenna unit, thereby optimizing and changing the antenna list. The radiation pattern of the element.

The antenna assembly provided by the embodiment of the present invention introduces a guiding object such as a metal piece in a guiding direction of the antenna unit, and directs a radiation pattern of the antenna unit to a direction in which the object is placed, thereby changing a maximum radiation direction of the antenna unit. Thereby, the radiation pattern of the antenna unit is optimized and changed, and the implementation method is simple and the effect is good, and the requirements for the miniaturization and easy installation of the antenna by the drone are satisfied.

Further, based on the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the antenna assembly further includes a fixed structure, and the antenna unit 11 is located in the fixed structure, and the guiding object 12 is located outside the fixed structure. For example, the fixed structure is a plastic outer casing, and the guiding object 12 is located on the plastic outer casing. As an example, referring to FIG. 2, FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram 2 of an antenna assembly provided by the present invention applied to an unmanned aerial vehicle. As shown in FIG. 2, the antenna assembly includes an antenna unit 11, a guiding object 12, and a fixed structure 13. The antenna unit 11 is located in the fixed structure 13 and the object 12 is located outside the fixed structure 13. In some embodiments, the guiding object 12 is located above the antenna unit 11 near the UAV body 101, and the distance L2 between the antenna unit 11 and the guiding object 12 in the vertical direction is greater than 0 and less than 1/1 of the operating frequency of the antenna unit 11. 4 wavelengths. In some embodiments, the guiding object 12 is a metal sheet that is wound on the fixed structure 13 and located above the antenna unit 11 near the UAV body 101. In other embodiments, the guiding object 12 is a metal ring, and the metal ring is sleeved on the fixing structure 13 .

In some embodiments, the guiding object 12 can be mounted in the fixed structure 13 and located above the antenna unit 11 near the UAV body 101. The distance between the vertical direction and the antenna unit 11 is greater than 0 and less than 1 of the operating frequency. 4 wavelength, the length of the object leading to the object is greater than 1/4 wavelength of the antenna operating frequency, less than 1/2 wavelength of the antenna operating frequency.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 2, the antenna unit 11 and the guiding object 12 are mounted on the tripod 13. Similarly, the antenna unit 14 and the guiding object 15 are also mounted on the tripod 16. The guiding object 12 can be mounted inside or outside the stand 13, and similarly, the guiding object 15 can also be mounted inside or outside the stand 16. The length L1 leading to the object 12 is greater than 1/4 wavelength of the operating frequency of the antenna unit and less than 1/2 wavelength of the operating frequency of the antenna unit. Similarly, the length L3 leading to the object 15 is greater than 1/4 wavelength of the operating frequency of the antenna unit, which is less than 1/2 wavelength of the operating frequency of the antenna unit. In some embodiments, the length L1 leading to the object 12 is the same as the length L3 leading to the object 15. In other embodiments, the length L1 leading to the object 12 is different from the length L3 leading to the object 15. The distance L2 between the antenna unit 11 and the object 12 in the vertical direction is greater than 0 and less than 1/4 wavelength of the operating frequency of the antenna unit 11. Similarly, the distance between the antenna unit 14 and the object 15 in the vertical direction L4 is greater than 0 and less than 1/4 wavelength of the operating frequency of the antenna unit 14. In some embodiments, L2 is the same as L4. In other embodiments, L2 is different from L4.

In some embodiments, the guiding object 12 can also be mounted below the antenna unit 11, and the guiding object 15 can also be mounted below the antenna unit 14. For example, the guiding object 12 is mounted above the antenna unit 11, and the guiding object 15 is mounted below the antenna unit 14, and vice versa.

Further, the fixed structure 13 can be, for example, a stand of a drone.

The optimization and modification of the radiation pattern of the antenna assembly of the antenna assembly shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in a specific embodiment.

3A is a schematic diagram of the original radiation pattern elevation plane of the antenna unit, and FIG. 3B is a schematic diagram of the original radiation pattern horizontal plane of the antenna unit. Referring to FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B, the radiation pattern of the antenna unit is in the direction of 250 degrees of the elevation plane. There is a depression of more than 3dB, and the horizontal plane has a depression of more than 5dB in the direction of 0 degree. Firstly, the direction of the depression is determined according to the depression direction of the elevation plane of the antenna unit and the depression direction of the horizontal plane, according to the radiation direction of the antenna unit. The size of the depression of the elevation plane and the size of the depression of the horizontal plane determine the size and placement position of the object, and finally the corresponding size of the object is placed at the placement position. After the object is placed, the radiation field of the antenna unit is directed to the object. The surface generates an induced current, which generates an additional radiation field that is superimposed on the radiation field of the antenna unit itself, since the phase of the radiation field is different from the phase of the radiation field of the antenna unit itself (the phase of the radiation field is directed to The distance between the object and the antenna unit is determined), the different phases will produce the same direction superposition (generated To effect), or cancellation of phase (the effect of reflection), and directed to produce a result of reflection. 4A is a schematic diagram of an elevation pattern of a radiation pattern after optimization of an antenna unit, and FIG. 4B is a schematic diagram of a horizontal plane of a radiation pattern after optimization of an antenna unit, and the radiation pattern of the optimized antenna is shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B. After the object is directed, the radiation pattern of the antenna unit is optimized by more than 3 dB in the 250 degree direction of the elevation plane, and the horizontal plane is optimized by 2 dB or more.

Embodiments of the present invention provide a drone. FIG. 5 is a structural diagram of a drone according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 5, the drone 100 includes: a fuselage, a power system, an antenna 10, and a flight controller 118. The power system is installed in the airframe. For providing flight power; the antenna 10 is for wireless communication.

The power system includes at least one of: a motor 107, a propeller 106, and an electronic governor 117, the power system is mounted to the fuselage for providing flight power; the flight controller 118 and the powertrain Communication connection for controlling drone flight. Among them, the flight controller 118 includes an inertial measurement unit and a gyroscope. The inertial measurement unit and the gyroscope are configured to detect an acceleration, a pitch angle, a roll angle, a yaw angle, and the like of the drone.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 5, the drone 100 further includes: a sensing system 108, a communication system 110, a supporting device 102, and a photographing device 104, wherein the supporting device 102 may specifically be a pan/tilt, and the communication system 110 may specifically include The antenna 10 described in the above embodiment. The antenna 10 is for wireless communication with the ground station 112.

In some embodiments, the antenna 10 can be mounted within the stand of the drone 100.

The unmanned aerial vehicle provided by the embodiment of the present invention may include a fuselage, an inertial measurement unit, a power system, and an antenna assembly, wherein the inertial measurement unit is configured to acquire posture information of the drone, and the power system is installed in the air body for providing Flight power. The antenna component is used for wireless communication, and the antenna component comprises: an antenna unit capable of operating in at least two frequency bands, the at least two frequency bands comprising: a first frequency band and a second frequency band, wherein the first frequency band is different from the second frequency band; and the guiding object The guiding object is used to change the radiation direction of the antenna unit in the first plane and the radiation direction of the second plane.

The first plane and the second plane are the horizontal plane and the elevation plane of the antenna unit radiation pattern.

Further, the drone of the embodiment further includes a tripod, the antenna unit is located in the tripod, and the guiding object is located outside the tripod.

Optionally, the length L1 of the object leading to the object is greater than 1/4 wavelength of the working frequency of the antenna, and less than 1/2 wavelength of the operating frequency of the antenna.

The guiding object is a good conductor, for example, a metal piece.

It should be noted that the antenna assembly included in the UAV in this embodiment has the same structure, function, and beneficial effects as the antenna assembly described in the embodiment of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, and details are not described herein again.

In the unmanned aerial vehicle according to the embodiment of the present invention, in the component antenna assembly, a guiding object such as a metal piece is disposed in a guiding direction of the antenna unit, and a radiation pattern of the antenna unit is directed to a direction in which the object is placed. The maximum radiation direction of the antenna unit is changed, thereby optimizing and changing the radiation pattern of the antenna unit, and the implementation method is simple and the effect is good, and the requirements for the miniaturization and easy installation of the antenna by the drone are satisfied.

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to be limiting; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that The technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments can still be modified. Equivalent replacement of some or all of the technical features may be made without departing from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

An antenna assembly, comprising:

An antenna unit capable of operating in at least two frequency bands, the at least two frequency bands comprising: a first frequency band and a second frequency band, wherein the first frequency band is different from the second frequency band;

Leading to an object for changing a radiation direction of the antenna unit in a first plane and a radiation direction of the second plane.
The antenna assembly of claim 1 wherein said first plane and said second plane are horizontal and elevation planes of said antenna unit radiation pattern.
The antenna assembly according to claim 2, wherein said antenna assembly further comprises a fixed structure, said antenna unit being located inside said fixed structure, said directing object being located inside or outside said fixed structure, and located The antenna unit is located above a side of the fuselage.
The antenna assembly of claim 3 wherein said fixed structure is a stand of a drone.
The antenna assembly according to claim 2, wherein the length of the guiding object is greater than 1/4 wavelength of the operating frequency of the antenna unit and less than 1/2 wavelength of the operating frequency of the antenna unit.
The antenna assembly according to claim 5, wherein the distance between the guiding object and the antenna unit is greater than 0 and less than 1/4 wavelength of the operating frequency of the antenna unit.
The antenna assembly of any of claims 2-6, wherein the guiding object is a good conductor.
The antenna assembly of claim 7 wherein said directing object is a metal sheet or a metal ring.
A drone, characterized in that it comprises:

body;

An inertial measurement unit, configured to acquire posture information of the drone;

a power system mounted to the fuselage for providing flight power;

An antenna assembly for wireless communication; the antenna assembly includes:

An antenna unit capable of operating in at least two frequency bands, the at least two frequency bands comprising: a first frequency band and a second frequency band, wherein the first frequency band is different from the second frequency band;

Leading to an object for changing a radiation direction of the antenna unit in a first plane and a radiation direction of the second plane.
The drone according to claim 9, wherein said first plane and said second plane are a horizontal plane and a pitch plane of said antenna unit radiation pattern.
The drone according to claim 10, wherein said drone further comprises a tripod, said antenna unit being located inside said tripod, said guiding object being located inside or outside said fixed structure, and located The antenna unit is located above a side of the fuselage.
The drone according to claim 10, wherein the length of the leading object is greater than 1/4 wavelength of the operating frequency of the antenna unit and less than 1/2 wavelength of the operating frequency of the antenna unit.
The drone according to claim 12, wherein the distance between the guiding object and the antenna unit is greater than 0 and less than 1/4 wavelength of the operating frequency of the antenna unit.
A drone according to any one of claims 9 to 13, wherein the guiding object is a good conductor.
The drone according to claim 14, wherein the guiding object is a metal piece or a metal ring.