WO2018068437A1 - 多轴高能粒子束熔覆及铣削加工复合打印装置 - Google Patents

多轴高能粒子束熔覆及铣削加工复合打印装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018068437A1
WO2018068437A1 PCT/CN2017/071779 CN2017071779W WO2018068437A1 WO 2018068437 A1 WO2018068437 A1 WO 2018068437A1 CN 2017071779 W CN2017071779 W CN 2017071779W WO 2018068437 A1 WO2018068437 A1 WO 2018068437A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
milling
rail
disposed
seat
particle beam
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PCT/CN2017/071779
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English (en)
French (fr)
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冯坚
冯广根
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东莞市亚美精密机械配件有限公司
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Priority to US15/567,611 priority Critical patent/US20180290234A1/en
Publication of WO2018068437A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018068437A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/0093—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring combined with mechanical machining or metal-working covered by other subclasses than B23K
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P23/00—Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass
    • B23P23/04—Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass for both machining and other metal-working operations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B23K26/083—Devices involving movement of the workpiece in at least one axial direction
    • B23K26/0853—Devices involving movement of the workpiece in at least in two axial directions, e.g. in a plane
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
    • B23K26/342—Build-up welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K37/02—Carriages for supporting the welding or cutting element
    • B23K37/0241—Attachments between the welding or cutting element and the carriage

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of 3D printing equipment, in particular to a multi-axis high energy particle beam cladding and milling processing composite printing device.
  • 3D printing technology is an emerging molding method.
  • the core of the process is to convert the complex 3D shape of the desired workpiece into a simple 2D cross-section by slicing, so it is not necessary to use traditional machining tools and machining dies.
  • a three-dimensional computer-aided design model in which a material is deposited layer by layer along a height direction on a computer-controlled rapid prototyping machine to form a series of 2D cross-section sheets of the workpiece, and the layers and sheets are bonded to each other and finally stacked into three dimensions. Workpiece.
  • the 3D printing technology can form parts that reach the casting strength level, the shape of the formed parts has large shape error and the surface finish is not high.
  • the formed parts need to be subjected to secondary processing by conventional machining methods.
  • Most parts of the aerospace industry, such as engine nozzles, blades, honeycomb combustion chambers, etc., are generally complex thin-walled or lattice sandwich structures, or larger-sized shapes, or free-form surfaces, etc., when using 3D
  • the parts processed by the printing technology are placed in the machine for secondary processing, the following problems exist:
  • a multi-axis high-energy particle beam cladding and milling composite printing device comprising a base, and a working table is arranged on one side of the base, the work a multi-axis milling mechanism is disposed on one side of the table, and the multi-axis milling mechanism includes a milling seat and a tool holder, and the milling seat is disposed at a position of the tool holder a first rail and a second rail are disposed under the milling seat, the first rail and the second rail are vertically disposed, and the first rail is disposed above the second rail;
  • a spray gun holder is provided with a surfacing spray gun on the spray gun seat.
  • the workbench is provided with a turntable and a processing table, and the processing table is placed in a turntable, the turntable includes two support plates arranged in parallel, and the support plate is vertically disposed at On the workbench, the processing table is placed between the support plates.
  • the processing station is provided with a support table, and the connecting table is provided with connecting arms on both sides thereof.
  • One end of the connecting arm is mounted on the supporting plate, and the other end of the connecting arm is respectively connected to the supporting platform. On both sides.
  • the support table is provided with a processing flap.
  • a first slider is disposed under the first rail, the first slider is clamped on the second rail, and the first rail runs back and forth along the second rail; the milling A second slider is disposed under the seat, and the second slider is clamped on the first rail, and the milling seat operates back and forth along the direction of the first rail.
  • the milling base is provided with a first base frame and a milling clamp, the milling clamp is clamped on one side of the first base frame, and a third guide rail is disposed on one side of the first base frame A third slider is fixedly disposed on a side of the milling clamp that matches the third rail, and the third slider is clamped on the third rail, and the milling clamp reciprocates back and forth along the third rail.
  • the milling holder includes a milling base and a high speed milling head, the third slider being clamped on one side of the milling base, the high speed milling head being disposed at a lower end of the milling base.
  • the spray gun holder is provided with a build-up welding spray gun
  • the build-up welding spray gun includes a welding welding fixture and a welding welding nozzle
  • the welding welding fixture is provided with a clamping column on one side thereof, and the welding welding
  • the nozzle holder is disposed on the other side of the overlay welding fixture
  • the spray gun seat is provided with a sensor, and the sensor is disposed under the overlay welding fixture.
  • the tool holder includes a second base frame and a magazine cavity, the tool magazine cavity is fixedly disposed on the second base frame, and the knife arm frame is disposed below the tool magazine cavity, the knife A milling head is stored in the chamber.
  • an organic cover is disposed above the base, and the hood is provided with an observation window, and the observation window is constructed of a dark electric welding glass material.
  • the multi-axis high-energy particle beam cladding and milling composite printing device of the present invention adjusts the horizontal distance between the milling seat and the table or the spray gun seat by the guiding action of the first guide rail and the second guide rail, so that the milling seat shift Positioning above the table or the gun holder; the milling fixture is milled by a clamping tool or a surfacing gun on a single or multiple layers of approximate body members formed on the table to achieve the required dimensions and surface accuracy of the component.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a multi-axis high energy particle beam cladding and milling composite printing device according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view showing another perspective of a multi-axis high-energy particle beam cladding and milling composite printing device according to the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a schematic structural view of a spray gun holder of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is an exploded perspective view of the spray gun holder of the present invention.
  • the multi-axis high-energy particle beam cladding and milling composite printing device of the present invention comprises a base 100 on one side of which a table 200 is disposed, and the table 200 is disposed on one side of the table 200 There is a multi-axis milling mechanism 300.
  • the table 200 is provided with a turntable 210 and a processing table 220.
  • the processing table 220 is locked in the turntable 210, and the processing table 220 swings back and forth in the turntable 210;
  • the turret 210 includes two support plates 211 arranged in parallel.
  • the support plate 211 is vertically disposed on the work table 200.
  • the processing table 220 is locked between the support plates 211.
  • the processing table 220 is provided with The support base 221 is provided with a connecting arm 222 on both sides of the support base 221. One end of the connecting arm 222 is mounted on the support plate 211, and the other ends of the connecting arm 222 are respectively connected to the two sides of the support base 221 for driving
  • the support table 221 is oscillated back and forth; the support table 221 is provided with a processing rotating plate 223 for placing metal blanks formed by layer-by-layer stacking; wherein the processing rotating plate 223 is provided with high temperature resistance Insulation pad to avoid heat conduction during additive processing 100 cause thermal expansion of the base geometry error.
  • the spray gun base 400 is disposed on one side of the workbench 200, and the spray gun sprayer 410 is disposed on the spray gun base 400.
  • the weld spray gun 410 uses a high-energy particle beam as a heat source to ensure the metal powder cladding effect.
  • the heat energy is concentrated, the equipment cost and the running cost are low; specifically, the high-energy particle beam may be a plasma beam, a laser beam or a high-energy electron beam, etc.
  • the surfacing spray gun 410 includes a surfacing jig 411 and a surfacing nozzle ( The stacking jig 411 is provided with a clamping post 4111 on one side, and the surfacing nozzle is clamped on the other side of the surfacing jig 411; the gun holder 400 is provided with a sensor 420, the sensor The 420 is disposed under the build-up jig 411.
  • the build-up jig 411 applies pressure to the sensor 420, and the sensor 420 senses that the surfacing spray gun 410 is in an unused state, thereby ensuring additive processing. And the material processing is not confused with human error.
  • the multi-axis milling mechanism 300 is disposed on the other side of the base 100.
  • the multi-axis milling mechanism 300 includes a milling base 310 and a tool holder 320.
  • the milling base 310 and the tool holder 320 are arranged side by side, and the milling base 310 is spaced apart.
  • the milling base 310 moves in the x/y horizontal direction, specifically, the milling seat 310
  • the first rail 330 and the second rail 340 are disposed vertically.
  • the first rail 330 is disposed above the second rail 340, and the first rail 330 is disposed below the first rail 330.
  • a first slider 350 the first slider 350 is locked on the second rail 340, the first rail 330 runs back and forth along the second rail 340; a second slider 360 is disposed under the milling seat 310.
  • the second slider 360 is locked on the first rail 330, and the milling seat 310 is operated back and forth along the direction of the first rail 330.
  • the milling seat 310 is provided with a first base frame 311 and a milling clamp 312.
  • the milling holder 312 is held on the side of the first base frame 311, and the first base frame 311 is provided with a third rail 313 on one side thereof, and the milling holder 312 is fixedly disposed on the side of the third rail 313.
  • the third slider 314 is clamped on the third rail 313, and the milling carriage 312 reciprocates back and forth along the third rail 313 to form a multi-axis high-energy particle beam cladding and multi-axis machining pair.
  • the milling holder 312 includes a milling base 3121 and a milling fixture 3122.
  • the third slider 314 is clamped on one side of the milling base 3121.
  • the milling fixture 3122 is disposed at a lower end of the milling base 3121.
  • the jig 3122 can hold the tool or the surfacing spray gun 410. Specifically, the milling jig 3122 holds the surfacing spray gun 410 on the processing plate 233 to form a metal blank layer by layer, or the milling jig 3122 holds the tool.
  • the single-layer or multi-layer approximate shape melt-molded on the processing plate 233 is milled, and the metal blank is welded on the processing plate 223 during the additive processing stage, and the metal blank formed by the stack is mechanically strong enough to withstand the tool. Machining cutting force, so it is not necessary to clamp and fix the metal blank with special fixtures, and the mechanical origin of the metal blank does not need to be reset, that is, the axis of the welding nozzle is almost coincident with the machining axis for additive processing or The origin of material reduction processing, additive processing and material reduction processing are nearly identical to ensure the accuracy of machining, so that 3D printed metal blanks and stacked metal blanks can be machined into parts.
  • the cladding forming speed is 10 to 20 times faster than the traditional metal 3D printing.
  • the utilization rate of the powder is high and there is no need to generate redundant support points, which greatly saves the production process and improves the production efficiency of the product.
  • Various kinds of powders are alloyed to form alloy workpieces with required properties.
  • the surface can reach the surface finish of the castings, and the mechanical properties such as density, hardness and tensile strength can basically reach the properties of castings of the same kind.
  • the milling seat 310 When the milling seat 310 needs to perform a surfacing operation, the milling seat 310 is displaced above the spray gun seat 400 by the first rail 330 and the second rail 340, and at the same time, the milling clamp 312 is downward along the third rail 313.
  • the milling clamp 3122 docking the clamp 4111 clamps the welding torch 410.
  • the welding fixture 411 leaves the spray gun 400 under the driving of the milling clamp, and the sensor 420 senses that the welding fixture 411 is in use.
  • the state can ensure that the additive processing will not be confused with human error; at the same time, the surfacing spray gun 410 is separated from the cutter, which can make full use of the space, and has less interference on the metal blank formed by the stack, and the machine is placed on the metal blank. It does not interfere with the movement of the tool during machining.
  • the tool holder 320 includes a second base frame 321 and a magazine cavity 322.
  • the tool magazine cavity 322 is fixedly disposed on the second base frame 321 , and a knife arm frame 323 is disposed below the tool magazine cavity 322 .
  • Different milling is stored in the reservoir chamber 322
  • the head rail 323 can be provided with different milling heads from the magazine cavity 322 for the milling seat 310 to be used as needed.
  • the first rail 330 faces along the second rail 340.
  • the tool holder 320 moves on one side.
  • the milling base 310 is simultaneously displaced toward the tool holder 320 with the first guide rail 330, and the lower end portion of the milling arm holder 323 is flush with the lower end of the milling base 3121, so that the milling base 3121 can be replaced more easily.
  • the milling jig 3122 at the lower end further completes the tool changing process, thereby improving the working efficiency of the moving column type multi-axis milling mechanism 300 in which the tool magazine cavity is separated and mounted.
  • an organic cover (not shown) is disposed above the base 100, and the hood is provided with an observation window.
  • the observation window is constructed of a dark electric welding glass material to avoid glare. Dazzling and polluting, while also protecting the operator's eyes.
  • the multi-axis high-energy particle beam cladding and milling composite printing device is further provided with more than two cameras and displays, which can reliably observe the real-time operation process after the milling holder 312 holds the surfacing torch or the tool. To avoid glare.
  • the side of the surfacing spray gun is provided with an infrared non-contact temperature measuring probe, which can perform real-time detection and feedback on the temperature of the welding zone, and conveniently control the temperature generated by the surfacing welding gun to improve product production. quality.
  • the multi-axis high-energy particle beam cladding and milling composite printing device adopts a closed structure, and the base 100 is combined with the hood to form a closed space, which can effectively prevent dust overflow, multi-axis high-energy particle beam cladding and milling.
  • the processing composite printing device is equipped with a filter-type air extracting device to avoid environmental pollution caused by smoke and dust, and can recover valuable metal powder.
  • the specific operation process is as follows.
  • the milling seat 310 and the table 200 are adjusted by the guiding action of the first rail 330 and the second rail 340.
  • the horizontal distance between the spray gun holders 400, the vertical distance between the milling clamp 312 and the table 200 or the spray gun holder 400 is adjusted by the guiding action of the third guide rail 313, so that the milling clamp 312 is displaced to the table 200 or the spray gun seat.
  • the sensor 420 senses that the welding clamp 411 is in an unused state, and then adjusts the milling clamp 312 and The distance between the jib frame 323 and the milling nipper 312 are milled according to the requirements of the clamping tool to the melt-formed single or multi-layer approximation of the processing slab 233 to achieve the required size and surface precision of the component; Above steps 1) and 2), until the shape of the last part is finished, it is possible to manufacture a complex cavity that cannot be manufactured by a general machine or a precision part such as a beer bottle opening with a large internal cavity.
  • the milling jig 3122 and the tool arm frame 323 are at the same horizontal plane by the guiding action of the third guiding rail 313, and then the guiding action of the first guiding rail 330 and the second guiding rail 340 causes the milling jig 3122
  • the tool arm frame 323 is docked, and the spare milling head on the tool arm frame 323 is replaced, thereby completing the purpose of switching the milling jig 3122, which is convenient, simple and convenient, and is more conducive to the improvement of product production efficiency.
  • the multi-axis high-energy particle beam cladding and milling composite printing apparatus of the present invention adjusts the horizontal distance between the milling base 310 and the table 200 or the lance holder 400 by the guiding action of the first rail 330 and the second rail 340.
  • the milling block 310 is displaced over the table 200 or the gun holder 400; the milling jig 3122 is milled by a clamping tool or a surfacing torch 410 on a single or multiple layers of approximate body members formed on the table 200,
  • it is not necessary to perform secondary processing on the processed component thereby avoiding the problems of difficulty in current clamping, large processing error, deformation of the component during processing, and difficulty in processing.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
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Abstract

一种多轴高能粒子束熔覆及铣削加工复合打印装置，包括机座（100），机座（100）一侧设置有工作台（200），工作台（200）一侧设置有多轴铣削机构（300），多轴铣削机构（300）包括铣削座（310）及刀具座（320），铣削座（310）间隔设置在刀具座（320）的一侧，铣削座（310）下方设置有第一导轨（330）及第二导轨（340），第一导轨（330）及第二导轨（340）垂直设置，第一导轨（330）设置在第二导轨（340）上方；工作台（200）一侧间隔设置有喷枪座（400），喷枪座（400）上卡持设置有堆焊喷枪（410）。通过第一导轨（330）及第二导轨（340）的导向作用调整铣削座（310）与工作台（200）或喷枪座（400）之间的水平距离，使得铣削座（310）移位至工作台（200）或喷枪座（400）上方；铣削夹具（411）通过夹持刀具或堆焊喷枪在工作台（200）上形成的单层或多层的近似形体构件并进行铣削，以达到构件所需的尺寸及表面精度这样，不需要对加工后的零件进行二次加工。

Description

多轴高能粒子束熔覆及铣削加工复合打印装置
技术领域
本发明涉及3D打印设备技术领域，尤其是涉及一种多轴高能粒子束熔覆及铣削加工复合打印装置。
背景技术
3D打印技术是一种新兴的成型方法，其核心是将所需成形工件的复杂3D形体通过切片化处理转化为简单的2D截面的组合，因此不必采用传统的加工机床和加工模具，依据工件的三维计算机辅助设计模型，在计算机控制的快速成形机上，沿着高度方向逐层沉积材料，形成工件的一系列2D截面薄片层，并使片层与片层之间相互粘接，最终堆积成三维工件。
3D打印技术虽然可以成型出达到铸造强度级别的零件，但是成型出的零件的形状误差大、表面光洁度不高，这样，成型后的零件还需要采用传统的机械加工方式对此进行二次加工，才能得到精密机械制造工业所要求的形状及表面精度。航空航天行业大部分零件，如发动机喷嘴、叶片、蜂窝结构的燃烧室等，一般是复杂薄壁或点阵夹芯结构，或是尺寸较大的形状，或是自由曲面等形状，当采用3D打印技术加工出来的零件，再放入机床进行二次加工时，则存在以下问题：
1)、装夹困难，或装夹后，由于坐标变换无法精确定位零件加工参考点，导致加工误差大；
2)、对于薄壁结构的零件，加工时，由于无支撑零件的面，导致零件应力变形；
3)、部分零件由于内部结构复杂，刀具无法伸入其内部，导致难以加工。
发明内容
基于此，有必要针对现有技术的不足，提供一种多轴高能粒子束熔覆及铣削加工复合打印装置，能够利用等离子熔融复合技术对单层或多层近似形体进行铣削加工，循环重复至零件加工完毕，这样，不需要对加工后的零件进行二次加工，避免现时装夹困难、加工误差大、加工时零件出现变形及难以加工的问题。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明所采用的技术方案是：一种多轴高能粒子束熔覆及铣削加工复合打印装置，其包括机座，所述机座一侧设置有工作台，所述工作台一侧设置有多轴铣削机构，所述多轴铣削机构包括铣削座及刀具座，所述铣削座间隔设置在刀具座的一 侧，所述铣削座下方设置有第一导轨及第二导轨，所述第一导轨及第二导轨垂直设置，所述第一导轨设置在第二导轨上方；所述工作台一侧间隔设置有喷枪座，所述喷枪座上卡持设置有堆焊喷枪。
在其中一个实施例中，所述工作台上设置有转台座及加工台，所述加工台卡置在转台座内，所述转台座包括两平行设置的支撑板，所述支撑板垂直设置在工作台上，所述加工台卡置在支撑板之间。
在其中一个实施例中，所述加工台设置有支撑台，所述支撑台两侧设置有连接臂，所述连接臂一端卡设在支撑板上，所述连接臂另一端分别连接在支撑台两侧。
在其中一个实施例中，所述支撑台上设置有加工转板。
在其中一个实施例中，所述第一导轨下方设置有第一滑块，所述第一滑块卡置在第二导轨上，所述第一导轨沿第二导轨方向来回运作；所述铣削座下方设置有第二滑块，所述第二滑块卡置在第一导轨上，所述铣削座沿第一导轨方向来回运作。
在其中一个实施例中，所述铣削座设置有第一基架及铣削夹座，所述铣削夹座卡持在第一基架一侧，所述第一基架一侧设置有第三导轨，所述铣削夹座匹配第三导轨一侧固定设置有第三滑块，所述第三滑块卡置在第三导轨上，所述铣削夹座沿第三导轨来回往复运作。
在其中一个实施例中，所述铣削夹座包括铣削基座及高速铣削头，所述第三滑块卡置在铣削基座一侧，所述高速铣削头设置在铣削基座下端部。
在其中一个实施例中，所述喷枪座上卡持设置有堆焊喷枪，所述堆焊喷枪包括堆焊夹具及堆焊喷头，所述堆焊夹具一侧设置有夹柱，所述堆焊喷头卡持设置在堆焊夹具另一侧；所述喷枪座上设置有传感器，所述传感器设置在堆焊夹具下方。
在其中一个实施例中，所述刀具座包括第二基架及刀库腔，所述刀库腔固定设置在第二基架上，所述刀库腔下方设置有刀臂架，所述刀库腔内存储有铣削头。
在其中一个实施例中，所述机座上方设置有机罩，所述机罩上设置有观察窗，所述观察窗采用深色电焊护目玻璃材质构造。
综上所述，本发明多轴高能粒子束熔覆及铣削加工复合打印装置通过第一导轨及第二导轨的导向作用调整铣削座与工作台或喷枪座之间的水平距离，使得铣削座移位至工作台或喷枪座上方；铣削夹具通过夹持刀具或堆焊喷枪在工作台上形成的单层或多层的近似形体构件并进行铣削，以达到构件所需的尺寸及表面精度这样，不需要对加工后的零件进行二次加工，避免现时装夹困难、加工误差大、加工时零件出现变形及难以加工的问题。
附图说明
图1为本发明多轴高能粒子束熔覆及铣削加工复合打印装置的结构示意图；
图2为本发明多轴高能粒子束熔覆及铣削加工复合打印装置另一视角的结构示意图；
图3为本发明喷枪座的结构示意图；
图4为本发明喷枪座的结构分解图。
具体实施方式
为能进一步了解本发明的特征、技术手段以及所达到的具体目的、功能，下面结合附图与具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细描述。
如图1至图4所示，本发明多轴高能粒子束熔覆及铣削加工复合打印装置包括机座100，所述机座100一侧设置有工作台200，所述工作台200一侧设置有多轴铣削机构300，所述工作台200上设置有转台座210及加工台220，所述加工台220卡置在转台座210内，所述加工台220在转台座210内来回摆动；具体地，所述转台座210包括两平行设置的支撑板211，所述支撑板211垂直设置在工作台200上，所述加工台220卡置在支撑板211之间，所述加工台220设置有支撑台221，所述支撑台221两侧设置有连接臂222，所述连接臂222一端卡设在支撑板211上，所述连接臂222另一端分别连接在支撑台221两侧，用以带动支撑台221来回摆动；所述支撑台221上设置有加工转板223，所述加工转板223用以放置逐层堆叠形成的金属胚料；其中，所述加工转板223上装设有耐高温隔热垫板，避免增材加工时的热量传导到机座100造成热膨胀而产生的几何尺寸误差。
所述工作台200一侧间隔设置有喷枪座400，所述喷枪座400上卡持设置有堆焊喷枪410，所述堆焊喷枪410采用高能粒子束做热源，以保证金属粉材熔覆效果好，且热能集中，设备成本与运行成本低廉；具体地，所述高能粒子束可为等离子束、激光束或高能电子束等，所述堆焊喷枪410包括堆焊夹具411及堆焊喷头(图未示)，所述堆焊夹具411一侧设置有夹柱4111，所述堆焊喷头卡持设置在堆焊夹具411另一侧；所述喷枪座400上设置有传感器420，所述传感器420设置在堆焊夹具411下方，在堆焊喷头放置在喷枪座400上时，堆焊夹具411对传感器420施压，传感器420感应到堆焊喷枪410处于未使用状态，则能保证增材加工和减材加工不会混淆出现人为错误。
所述多轴铣削机构300设置在机座100另一侧，所述多轴铣削机构300包括铣削座310及刀具座320，所述铣削座310及刀具座320并排设置，所述铣削座310间隔设置在刀具座320的一侧，所述铣削座310在x/y水平方向上进行移动，具体地，所述铣削座310下 方设置有第一导轨330及第二导轨340，所述第一导轨330及第二导轨340垂直设置，所述第一导轨330设置在第二导轨340上方，所述第一导轨330下方设置有第一滑块350，所述第一滑块350卡置在第二导轨340上，所述第一导轨330沿第二导轨340方向来回运作；所述铣削座310下方设置有第二滑块360，所述第二滑块360卡置在第一导轨330上，所述铣削座310沿第一导轨330方向来回运作；所述铣削座310设置有第一基架311及铣削夹座312，所述铣削夹座312卡持在第一基架311一侧，所述第一基架311一侧设置有第三导轨313，所述铣削夹座312匹配第三导轨313一侧固定设置有第三滑块314，所述第三滑块314卡置在第三导轨313上，所述铣削夹座312沿第三导轨313来回往复运作，从而构成多轴高能粒子束熔覆及多轴机加工对精密金属零件一步成型装置。
所述铣削夹座312包括铣削基座3121及铣削夹具3122，所述第三滑块314卡置在铣削基座3121一侧，所述铣削夹具3122设置在铣削基座3121下端部，所述铣削夹具3122可以夹持刀具或堆焊喷枪410，具体地，所述铣削夹具3122夹持堆焊喷枪410在加工转板233上进行逐层堆叠形成金属胚料，或者所述铣削夹具3122夹持刀具对加工转板233上熔融成型的单层或多层近似形体进行铣削加工，在增材加工阶段金属胚料是熔覆在加工转板223上，堆叠形成的金属胚料的机械强度足以承受刀具机加工切削力，故此不须用特殊夹具对金属胚料进行夹持固定，同时金属胚料的机械原点亦不须重设，即堆焊喷头的轴线与机加工轴线近乎重合进行增材加工或减材加工，增材加工及减材加工的原点是近乎一致的，以保证机加工的准确性，使得3D打印的金属胚料和堆叠形成的金属胚料机加工成零件可以一步完成，熔覆成型速度比传统式金属3D打印成型快10～20倍，粉材利用率高且无须生成多余的支撑点，大大节约了产品生产工序流程，提高了产品生产效率，可以利用各种不同材质粉末进行合金熔覆生成需要性能的合金工件，表面可达到铸件表面光洁度、机械性能如密度、硬度、拉伸强度等基本上达到同种材质铸件性能。
所述铣削座310在需要进行堆焊作业时，铣削座310在第一导轨330及第二导轨340的作用下移位至喷枪座400上方，同时，铣削夹座312沿第三导轨313向下运作到喷枪座400上方，铣削夹具3122对接夹柱4111夹持住堆焊喷枪410，此时，堆焊夹具411在铣削夹具的带动下离开喷枪座400，传感器420感应到堆焊夹具411处于使用状态，则能保证增材加工不会混淆出现人为错误；同时，将堆焊喷枪410与刀具进行分离设置，能充分利用空间，对堆叠形成的金属胚料干涉少，在对金属胚料进行机加工时不会妨碍刀具的运动。
所述刀具座320包括第二基架321及刀库腔322，所述刀库腔322固定设置在第二基架321上，所述刀库腔322下方设置有刀臂架323，所述刀库腔322内存储有不同的铣削 头，所述刀臂架323上可根据需要从刀库腔322内提出不同的铣削头以供铣削座310备用，当铣削座310需要更换铣削头时，第一导轨330沿第二导轨340朝刀具座320一侧移动，此时，铣削座310同时随着第一导轨330朝刀具座320进行移位，刀臂架323与铣削基座3121下端部持平，以使得更易更换掉铣削基座3121下端部的铣削夹具3122，进而完成换刀工序，提高刀库腔分离安装的动柱式多轴铣削机构300的工作效率。
在其中一个实施例中，所述机座100上方设置有机罩(图未示)，所述机罩上设置有观察窗，所述观察窗采用深色电焊护目玻璃材质构造，以避免强光炫目及污染，同时也保护了操作者的眼睛。
在其中一个实施例中，多轴高能粒子束熔覆及铣削加工复合打印装置还设置有2个以上摄像头及显示器，能可靠观察铣削夹座312夹持堆焊喷枪或刀具后的实时操作过程，以避免强光炫目。
在其中一个实施例中，所述堆焊喷枪一侧装设有红外非接触式测温探头，能对熔覆区温度进行实时检测反馈，方便对堆焊喷枪产生的温度进行控制，提升产品生产质量。
在其中一个实施例中，多轴高能粒子束熔覆及铣削加工复合打印装置采用封闭式构造，机座100结合机罩形成密闭空间，能有效防止粉尘外溢，多轴高能粒子束熔覆及铣削加工复合打印装置装设有过滤式抽风装置，避免烟雾尘埃对环境的污染，并可回收贵重的金属粉末。
在实际加工过程中，其具体操作过程如下，通过第一滑块350及第二滑块360的带动作用，利用第一导轨330及第二导轨340的导向作用调整铣削座310与工作台200或喷枪座400之间的水平距离，利用第三导轨313的导向作用调整铣削夹座312与工作台200或喷枪座400之间的垂直距离，使得铣削夹座312移位至工作台200或喷枪座400上方；首先，1)通过第一导轨330、第二导轨340及第三导轨313控制调节铣削夹座312与喷枪座400的距离，使得铣削夹座312对接夹柱4111夹持住堆焊喷枪410，此时，堆焊夹具411在铣削夹具的带动下离开喷枪座400，传感器420感应到堆焊夹具411处于使用状态，再将堆焊喷枪410移位至加工转板233上方，通过堆焊喷头将导入的金属粉末进行熔融加工，逐行逐层在工作台200上堆积形成单层或多层的近似形体；2)控制调节第一导轨330、第二导轨340及第三导轨313控制调节铣削夹座312与喷枪座400的距离，使得铣削夹座312将堆焊喷枪410卡持在喷枪座400上，传感器420感测到堆焊夹具411处于未使用状态，再调节铣削夹座312与刀臂架323的距离，铣削夹座312根据需求夹持刀具对加工转板233上熔融成型的单层或多层近似形体进行铣削加工，以达到构件所需的尺寸及表面精度；3)重复上述步骤 1)及2)，一直到最后的零件的形状加工完毕，就能制造出一般机器不能制造的复杂腔体或如啤酒瓶状开口小而内腔大的精密件。
当需要更换铣削夹具3122时，通过第三导轨313的导向作用，使得铣削夹具3122与刀臂架323处于同一水平面上，再通过第一导轨330及第二导轨340的导向作用，使得铣削夹具3122与刀臂架323进行对接，与刀臂架323上备用的铣削头进行更换，进而完成切换铣削夹具3122的目的，方便、简单、便捷，更有利于产品生产效率的提高。
综上所述，本发明多轴高能粒子束熔覆及铣削加工复合打印装置通过第一导轨330及第二导轨340的导向作用调整铣削座310与工作台200或喷枪座400之间的水平距离，使得铣削座310移位至工作台200或喷枪座400上方；铣削夹具3122通过夹持刀具或堆焊喷枪410在工作台200上形成的单层或多层的近似形体构件并进行铣削，以达到构件所需的尺寸及表面精度这样，不需要对加工后的零件进行二次加工，避免现时装夹困难、加工误差大、加工时零件出现变形及难以加工的问题。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对本发明范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种多轴高能粒子束熔覆及铣削加工复合打印装置，其特征在于：包括机座，所述机座一侧设置有工作台，所述工作台一侧设置有多轴铣削机构，所述多轴铣削机构包括铣削座及刀具座，所述铣削座间隔设置在刀具座的一侧，所述铣削座下方设置有第一导轨及第二导轨，所述第一导轨及第二导轨垂直设置，所述第一导轨设置在第二导轨上方；所述工作台一侧间隔设置有喷枪座，所述喷枪座上卡持设置有堆焊喷枪。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的多轴高能粒子束熔覆及铣削加工复合打印装置，其特征在于：所述工作台上设置有转台座及加工台，所述加工台卡置在转台座内，所述转台座包括两平行设置的支撑板，所述支撑板垂直设置在工作台上，所述加工台卡置在支撑板之间。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的多轴高能粒子束熔覆及铣削加工复合打印装置，其特征在于：所述加工台设置有支撑台，所述支撑台两侧设置有连接臂，所述连接臂一端卡设在支撑板上，所述连接臂另一端分别连接在支撑台两侧。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的多轴高能粒子束熔覆及铣削加工复合打印装置，其特征在于：所述支撑台上设置有加工转板。
  5. 根据权利要求1或2所述的多轴高能粒子束熔覆及铣削加工复合打印装置，其特征在于：所述第一导轨下方设置有第一滑块，所述第一滑块卡置在第二导轨上，所述第一导轨沿第二导轨方向来回运作；所述铣削座下方设置有第二滑块，所述第二滑块卡置在第一导轨上，所述铣削座沿第一导轨方向来回运作。
  6. 根据权利要求1或2所述的多轴高能粒子束熔覆及铣削加工复合打印装置，其特征在于：所述铣削座设置有第一基架及铣削夹座，所述铣削夹座卡持在第一基架一侧，所述第一基架一侧设置有第三导轨，所述铣削夹座匹配第三导轨一侧固定设置有第三滑块，所述第三滑块卡置在第三导轨上，所述铣削夹座沿第三导轨来回往复运作。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的多轴高能粒子束熔覆及铣削加工复合打印装置，其特征在于：所述铣削夹座包括铣削基座及高速铣削头，所述第三滑块卡置在铣削基座一侧，所述高速铣削头设置在铣削基座下端部。
  8. 根据权利要求1或2所述的多轴高能粒子束熔覆及铣削加工复合打印装置，其特征在于：所述喷枪座上卡持设置有堆焊喷枪，所述堆焊喷枪包括堆焊夹具及堆焊喷头，所述堆焊夹具一侧设置有夹柱，所述堆焊喷头卡持设置在堆焊夹具另一侧；所述喷枪座上设置有传感器，所述传感器设置在堆焊夹具下方。
  9. 根据权利要求1或2所述的多轴高能粒子束熔覆及铣削加工复合打印装置，其特征在于：所述刀具座包括第二基架及刀库腔，所述刀库腔固定设置在第二基架上，所述刀库腔下 方设置有刀臂架，所述刀库腔内存储有铣削头。
  10. 根据权利要求1或2所述的多轴高能粒子束熔覆及铣削加工复合打印装置，其特征在于：所述机座上方设置有机罩，所述机罩上设置有观察窗，所述观察窗采用深色电焊护目玻璃材质构造。
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