WO2018060622A1 - Heat exchanger and associated manufacturing method - Google Patents

Heat exchanger and associated manufacturing method Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018060622A1
WO2018060622A1 PCT/FR2017/052629 FR2017052629W WO2018060622A1 WO 2018060622 A1 WO2018060622 A1 WO 2018060622A1 FR 2017052629 W FR2017052629 W FR 2017052629W WO 2018060622 A1 WO2018060622 A1 WO 2018060622A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tubes
heat exchanger
spacers
compressible
holes
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2017/052629
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Véronique MONNET
Kamel Azzouz
Patrick Boisselle
Xavier Marchadier
José TRINDADE
Fabien BIREAUD
Original Assignee
Valeo Systemes Thermiques
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Valeo Systemes Thermiques filed Critical Valeo Systemes Thermiques
Publication of WO2018060622A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018060622A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/02—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
    • F28F1/025—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular with variable shape, e.g. with modified tube ends, with different geometrical features
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/04—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates
    • F28F9/16—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling
    • F28F9/165—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling by using additional preformed parts, e.g. sleeves, gaskets

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger, in particular for a motor vehicle, and its method of manufacture.
  • the tubes are generally tubes of oval or oblong section, defined by a major axis and a minor axis, and having ends inserted into holes of a header plate.
  • heat exchangers There are mainly two types of heat exchangers, the mechanical heat exchangers, where the different elements forming the exchanger are mechanically fixed to each other, for example by crimping, and the brazed heat exchangers where the different elements forming the exchanger are fixed together by brazing.
  • connection between the tubes and the collector plate is rigid and can not compensate for the expansion and retraction phenomena related to temperature variations during its use. Over time, these bonds weaken and breaks or leaks can occur.
  • the seal between the header plate and the ends of the tubes is made by a compressible seal.
  • This same seal makes it possible to absorb the phenomena of expansion and retraction related to temperature variations during the use of the heat exchanger.
  • the tubes must be able to withstand the pressure exerted by the seal and therefore said tubes must be sufficiently thick which unfortunately can adversely affect the quality of heat exchange.
  • An object of the present invention is therefore to at least partially overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and to provide an improved heat exchanger and its manufacturing process.
  • the present invention therefore relates to a heat exchanger comprising:
  • a tube bundle comprising a plurality of tubes arranged parallel to each other and spacers arranged between said tubes
  • header plate including holes into which are inserted the ends of the tubes, the header plate having at least one compressible seal forming first elastic collars, the first elastic collars are inserted into the holes and compressed between the walls of the holes and the ends of the tubes for sealing between said ends of the tubes and the collector plate,
  • the ends of the tubes having local vault-like flares and extending in depth from the mouth of the tubes to the space between the header plate and the spacers.
  • the local flares allow the sealing between the collector plate and the tubes and act as a reinforcing structure of the tubes because of their vault shape which allows the ends of the tubes to withstand the stresses of deformation due to thermal expansion and particularly to the pressure exerted by the seal.
  • each end of each of said tubes comprises several local flares.
  • said local flares at each end give a corrugated profile at said end.
  • the hole is bordered by a collar in which the first compressible collar is inserted and compressed by the end of the tube.
  • the heat exchanger comprises an inner plate having orifices in which are inserted the ends of the tubes, the seal comprising second compressible collars being inserted into the orifices and compressed between the wall said orifices and the ends of the tubes.
  • the local flares correspond to an extension of between 10 and 20% of the cross section of the end of the tube.
  • the width of the local flare according to the width L of the end of said tube is therefore between 10 and 20% of the cross section of the end of the tube.
  • the width of the local flare according to the width L of the end of the tube is at most 50% of said width L, preferably at most 40% of said width L, for example at most 30% of said width L.
  • each end of one of said tubes comprises at least four of said local flares, for example at least six, for example at least eight.
  • the local flare has a substantially semicircular shape
  • the vault formed by the local flare has feet extending in a direction substantially normal to the long sides of said tubes.
  • the tubes and the struts forming the bundle are fixed to each other by brazing.
  • the tubes and the struts forming the bundle are mechanically fixed to each other.
  • each tube has an oblong section.
  • the tubes comprise a leg between the inner walls of the tubes.
  • the local flares of each end of said tubes are at a distance of at least 5% of the width L of said end, that is to say of the large dimension of said end.
  • the present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a heat exchanger comprising the following steps:
  • a tube bundle comprising a plurality of tubes arranged parallel to each other and spacers arranged between said tubes
  • the step of fixing the tubes with the spacers is carried out by brazing said tubes with the spacers.
  • the step of fixing the tubes with the spacers is carried out by mechanical fixing.
  • the step of producing local flares is performed by inserting a flaring finger into the ends of the tubes, said flaring finger having a diameter greater than the thickness of the flange. first compressible collar of the seal and less than the thickness of the holes.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation in perspective of a heat exchanger
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation in perspective and in longitudinal section of a heat exchanger
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of the collector plate of FIG. 1 according to a first embodiment
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of the collector plate of FIG. 3 along the longitudinal section plane XX
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation in section of the collector plate of FIG. 1 according to a first embodiment
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of a collector plate according to a second embodiment
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic representation in transverse longitudinal section of a collector plate according to a second embodiment
  • FIG. 8 shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of the end of a tube of the heat exchanger
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of a heat exchanger at a tube end according to the first embodiment
  • FIG. 10 shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of a heat exchanger at a tube end according to the second embodiment.
  • first element or second element as well as first parameter and second parameter or first criterion and second criterion etc.
  • indexing is a simple indexing to differentiate and name elements or parameters or criteria close but not identical.
  • This indexing does not imply a priority of one element, parameter or criterion with respect to another, and it is easy to interchange such denominations without departing from the scope of the present description.
  • This indexing does not imply either an order in time for example to appreciate such or such criteria.
  • the heat exchanger 1 shown in Figures 1 and 2 comprises a beam 2 formed of a plurality of tubes 20 inside which can circulate a first heat transfer fluid.
  • the tubes 20 are arranged parallel to each other and superposed. Between the tubes 20, there are spacers 21 which act as a disrupter and increase the heat exchange surface with a second coolant passing between said tubes 20.
  • the tubes 20 have an oblong cross section and can therefore be defined along two axes of different length.
  • the tubes 20 have a width L (see Figure 8) corresponding to the longest axis of the oblong shape of their cross section, and a thickness e corresponding to the shortest axis of the oblong shape of their cross section.
  • the tubes 20 and the spacers 21 are generally made of metal materials.
  • the tubes 20 and the spacers 21 forming the bundle 2 can be fixed together mechanically.
  • the spacers 21 are also called fins.
  • the fins are generally superposed plates and placed perpendicularly to the tubes 20. Said fins comprise orifices in which the tubes 20 are inserted and fixed.
  • the fixing of the tubes 20 is said to be mechanical, for example by widening said tubes 20 by means of a tube. olive greater than that of the tubes 20 which is inserted into the tubes 20 to increase their size (width L and thickness e), and then removed. This is called mechanical beam 2.
  • the tubes 20 and the spacers 21 forming the bundle 2 can be fixed together by stirring.
  • the spacers 21 may be what are called spacers. These spacers are for example corrugated or crenellated strips, placed between the tubes 20 and fixed to said tubes 20 by soldering. This is called a brazed beam 2.
  • the tubes 20 may also have, within them, a tube leg 26 connecting the widest inner walls of the tubes 20. This tube leg 26 allows good rigidity of said tubes 20.
  • the heat exchanger 1 also comprises two collector boxes (which may be water boxes or air boxes) disposed at each end 22 of the tubes 20. These collector boxes comprise a header plate 4 and a cover (not shown) to cover said collector plate 4 and close the collector box. These collector boxes allow the collection and / or distribution of the first heat transfer fluid so that it circulates in the tubes 20.
  • the collector plate 4 makes the connection sealingly between the collector box and the bundle 2.
  • the collector plate 4 comprises a core 40, which may be of generally rectangular shape, delimiting a multiplicity of holes 43 of section corresponding to the shape of the tube section 20 and adapted to receive the ends 22 of the tubes.
  • each hole 43 may be bordered by a collar 44 directed towards the inside of the beam 2.
  • the holes 43 are similar in size to the openings of the collars 44.
  • the collars 44 may advantageously material with the collector plate 4 and be formed, for example, at the same time as the holes 43 by stamping.
  • the holes 43 and the flanges 44 have a shape corresponding to that of the cross section of the tubes 20, or at least their ends 22, and as this shape is generally oblong, it is possible to characterize said holes 43 and the flanges 44 according to two axes of different lengths.
  • the length L1 corresponds to the longest axis and may correspond to the width of the hole 43 as illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • FIG. 4 is a section along the line XX of FIG. 3 at the level of a collar 44.
  • the length 11 corresponds to the shortest axis and may correspond to the thickness of the hole 43 as illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5, where FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic representation in longitudinal section of a collector at the level of FIG. A hole 43.
  • the width L1 and the thickness 11 of the holes 43 and the collars 44 are respectively greater than the width L and l Thickness e of the ends 22 of the tubes 20.
  • the core 40 may be extended by a peripheral groove 42 ending in a peripheral flange 46 forming flaps foldable.
  • the peripheral groove 42 is intended to receive the rims of the lid and the peripheral rim 46 can be folded and folded down in order to fix said lid on the collector plate 4.
  • the header plate 4 receives at least one compressible sealing gasket 41, in particular to allow sealing at the holes 43.
  • the header plate 4 may have only one compressible seal 41.
  • This seal 41 comprises a core coming to apply to the core 40 of the header plate 4.
  • This core of the seal 41 is connected to a multiplicity of first compressible collars 45 which are each introduced into a hole 43.
  • the first compressible collars 45 are compressed between the wall of the holes 43 and the ends 22 in order to seal between said ends 22 of the 20 and the collector plate 4.
  • the core of the seal 41 may form at its periphery a bead 47 disposed in the peripheral groove 42 and able to seal with the cover when the peripheral rim 46 is folded.
  • the header plate 4 may comprise a plurality of compressible seals 41 which form first compressible collars 45 which are each introduced into a hole 43 to seal between the end 22 of a tube 20 and the header plate 4.
  • the seal with the cover can be achieved by an independent compressible seal and placed in the peripheral groove 42.
  • the first compressible collars 45 also have a shape corresponding to that of the cross section of the tubes 20, or at least their ends 22. It is therefore also possible to characterize said first compressible collars 45 along two axes of different lengths.
  • the length L2 corresponds to the width of the opening of the first compressible collar 45 when the seal 41 is not compressed, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • the length 12 corresponds to the thickness of the opening the first compressible collar 45 when the seal 41 is not compressed, as shown in Figures 4 and 5.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-section of a collector at a hole 43, like FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 7 is a longitudinal section of a collector at a hole 43, as in FIG. 5.
  • the holes 43 may not comprise flanges 44.
  • the heat exchanger 1 here comprises an internal plate
  • the seal 41 is then sandwiched between the core 40 of the header plate 4 and the inner plate 50.
  • This inner plate 50 has orifices 51 in extension of the holes 43 and in which are inserted the ends 22 of the tubes 20.
  • the seal 41 comprises second compressible collars 48 which are inserted into the orifices 51. The seal 41 is compressed at its second compressible collars 48 between the wall of said orifices 51 and the ends 22 of the tubes 20.
  • the orifices 51 and the second compressible collars 48 have, like the holes 43 and the first compressible collars 45, a shape corresponding to that of the cross section of the tubes 20, or at least their ends 22, and as this form is generally oblong, it is possible to characterize said orifices 51 and the second compressible collars 45 along two axes of different lengths.
  • the length L1 corresponds to the longest axis and may correspond to the width of an orifice
  • the length L2 corresponds to the width of the opening of the second compressible collar 48 when the seal 41 is not compressed, as shown in Figure 6.
  • the length 11 corresponds to as for it to the shortest axis and can correspond to the thickness of an orifice 51 as illustrated in FIG. 7.
  • the length 12 corresponds to the thickness of the opening of the second compressible collar 48 when the seal Sealing 41 is not compressed, as shown in FIG. 7.
  • the ends 22 of the tubes 20 have local arch-shaped flares 25. These local flares extend in depth from the mouth of the tubes 20 to the space between the collector plate 4 and the spacers 21. At the level of said local flares, the thickness e of the ends 22 of the tubes 20 increases.
  • Said local flares 25 allow the seal between the collector plate 4 and the tubes 20 and act as a reinforcing structure of the tubes 20 by their vault shape which allows the ends 22 of the tubes 20 to withstand the stresses of deformation related to the thermal expansion and in particular the pressure exerted by the seal 41 at the level of the first compressible collars 45 and also second compressible collars 48 where appropriate.
  • the presence of these local flares makes it possible to ensure a good seal between the tubes 20 of the brazed beam 2 and the collector plate 4. Moreover this connection between the tubes 20 and the collector plate 4 can withstand the phenomena of expansion and thermal retraction because this connection is flexible due to the presence of a seal 41 while resisting the pressure of the seal 41.
  • the presence of these local flares also makes it possible to ensure a good seal between the tubes 20 of the mechanical beam 2 and the collector plate 4. Moreover this connection between the tubes 20 and the plate The collector 4 allows the use of tubes 20 having thinner walls, and therefore more efficient, while being able to withstand and withstand the phenomena of thermal expansion and retraction and the pressure of the seal 41.
  • the flare is not present all around the periphery of the end 22 of the tube 20, but reduced to a portion of the end 22 of said tube 20.
  • the ends 22 of the tubes 20 comprise four local flares 25 disposed on either side of a leg 26 of tube.
  • a local flare preferably corresponds to a local extension of between 10 and 20% of the cross section of the end 22 of the tube 20.
  • the thickness e 'at the level of said local flaring is therefore 10 to 20% greater than the thickness e of the tubes 20.
  • the number of local flares is a function of the width L of the ends 22 of tubes 20. The larger said width L, the greater the number of local flares.
  • the present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a heat exchanger 1 as previously described and comprising the following steps:
  • this fixing can be made by soldering or be mechanical,
  • the step of producing the local flares may in particular be carried out by inserting one or more flaring fingers in the ends 22 of the tubes 20 of FIG. so as to spread the walls of the tubes 20 and flare said ends.
  • the flaring fingers have a diameter greater than the thickness 12 of the first compressible collar 45 and less than the thickness 11 of the hole 43 so as to allow compression of the seal 41.
  • the heat exchanger 1 makes it possible to have tubes 20 whose walls are thin enough to have optimal heat exchanges and this while being able to compensate for the variations in size related to the expansion and the thermal shrinkage and withstand the pressures exerted by a seal between the tubes 20 and the collector plate 4 made by means of a compressible seal 41.

Abstract

The present invention relates to a heat exchanger (1) comprising: ◦ a bundle (2) of tubes comprising a plurality of tubes (20) arranged in parallel and spacers (21) arranged between said tubes (20); ◦ a collector plate (4) comprising holes (43), into which ends (22) of the tubes (20) are inserted, the collector plate (4) comprising at least one compressible seal (41) forming first compressible flanges (45), the first compressible flanges (45) being inserted into the holes (43) and compressed between the wall of the holes (43) and the ends (22) of the tubes (20) in order to provide the seal between said ends (22) of the tubes (20) and the collector plate (4), the ends (22) of the tubes (20) comprising local flares (25) in the form of an arch and extending depthwise from the opening of the tubes (20) to the space between the collector plate (4) and the spacers (21).

Description

Échangeur de chaleur et procédé de fabrication associé.  Heat exchanger and method of manufacturing the same
L'invention concerne un échangeur de chaleur, en particulier pour véhicule automobile, et son procédé de fabrication. The invention relates to a heat exchanger, in particular for a motor vehicle, and its method of manufacture.
Elle concerne plus particulièrement un échangeur de chaleur du type comprenant une multiplicité de tubes entre lesquels sont insérés des entretoises. Les tubes sont généralement des tubes de section ovale ou oblongue, définie par un grand axe et un petit axe, et ayant des extrémités introduites dans des trous d'une plaque collectrice. Il existe principalement deux types d'échangeurs de chaleur, les échangeurs de chaleur mécaniques, où les différents éléments formant l'échangeur sont fixés mécaniquement entre eux, par exemple par sertissage, et les échangeurs de chaleur brasés où les différents éléments formant l'échangeur sont fixés entre eux par brasage. It relates more particularly to a heat exchanger of the type comprising a multiplicity of tubes between which spacers are inserted. The tubes are generally tubes of oval or oblong section, defined by a major axis and a minor axis, and having ends inserted into holes of a header plate. There are mainly two types of heat exchangers, the mechanical heat exchangers, where the different elements forming the exchanger are mechanically fixed to each other, for example by crimping, and the brazed heat exchangers where the different elements forming the exchanger are fixed together by brazing.
Dans le cas d'un échangeur de chaleur brasé, la liaison entre les tubes et la plaque collectrice est rigide et ne peut pas compenser les phénomènes de dilatation et de rétractation liés aux variations de température lors de son utilisation. Au fil du temps, ces liaisons s'affaiblissent et des ruptures ou fuites peuvent apparaître. In the case of a brazed heat exchanger, the connection between the tubes and the collector plate is rigid and can not compensate for the expansion and retraction phenomena related to temperature variations during its use. Over time, these bonds weaken and breaks or leaks can occur.
Dans le cas d'un échangeur de chaleur mécanique, l'étanchéité entre la plaque collectrice et les extrémités des tubes est réalisée par un joint compressible. Ce même joint permet d'absorber les phénomènes de dilatation et de rétractation liés aux variations de température lors de l'utilisation de l'échangeur de chaleur. Cependant, les tubes doivent pouvoir résister à la pression exercée par le joint et donc lesdits tubes doivent être suffisamment épais ce qui malheureusement peut nuire à la qualité des échanges thermiques. Un des buts de la présente invention est donc de remédier au moins partiellement aux inconvénients de l'art antérieur et de proposer un échangeur de chaleur amélioré et son procédé de fabrication. La présente invention concerne donc un échangeur de chaleur comprenant :In the case of a mechanical heat exchanger, the seal between the header plate and the ends of the tubes is made by a compressible seal. This same seal makes it possible to absorb the phenomena of expansion and retraction related to temperature variations during the use of the heat exchanger. However, the tubes must be able to withstand the pressure exerted by the seal and therefore said tubes must be sufficiently thick which unfortunately can adversely affect the quality of heat exchange. An object of the present invention is therefore to at least partially overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and to provide an improved heat exchanger and its manufacturing process. The present invention therefore relates to a heat exchanger comprising:
0 un faisceau de tubes comportant une multiplicité de tubes disposés parallèlement les uns aux autres et des entretoises disposées entre lesdits tubes, 0 a tube bundle comprising a plurality of tubes arranged parallel to each other and spacers arranged between said tubes,
0 une plaque collectrice comprenant des trous dans lesquels sont introduits des extrémités des tubes, la plaque collectrice comportant au moins un joint d'étanchéité compressible formant des premiers collets compressibles, les premiers collets compressibles étant insérés dans les trous et comprimés entre la paroi des trous et les extrémités des tubes pour assurer l'étanchéité entre lesdites extrémités des tubes et la plaque collectrice, 0 a header plate including holes into which are inserted the ends of the tubes, the header plate having at least one compressible seal forming first elastic collars, the first elastic collars are inserted into the holes and compressed between the walls of the holes and the ends of the tubes for sealing between said ends of the tubes and the collector plate,
les extrémités des tubes comportant des évasements locaux en forme de voûte et s'étendant en profondeur depuis l'embouchure des tubes jusqu'à l'espace entre la plaque collectrice et les entretoises.  the ends of the tubes having local vault-like flares and extending in depth from the mouth of the tubes to the space between the header plate and the spacers.
Les évasements locaux permettent l'étanchéité entre la plaque collectrice et les tubes et agissent comme une structure de renfort des tubes de part leur forme en voûte ce qui permet aux extrémités des tubes de résister aux contraintes de déformations liées à la dilatation thermique et notamment à la pression exercée par le joint d'étanchéité.  The local flares allow the sealing between the collector plate and the tubes and act as a reinforcing structure of the tubes because of their vault shape which allows the ends of the tubes to withstand the stresses of deformation due to thermal expansion and particularly to the pressure exerted by the seal.
Au sens de l'invention, chaque extrémité de chacun desdites tubes comporte plusieurs évasements locaux. Within the meaning of the invention, each end of each of said tubes comprises several local flares.
Selon un aspect de l'invention, lesdits évasements locaux de chaque extrémité donnent un profil ondulé à ladite extrémité. Selon un aspect de l'invention, le trou est bordé par un collet dans lequel le premier collet compressible est inséré et comprimé par l'extrémité du tube. According to one aspect of the invention, said local flares at each end give a corrugated profile at said end. According to one aspect of the invention, the hole is bordered by a collar in which the first compressible collar is inserted and compressed by the end of the tube.
Selon un autre aspect de l'invention, l'échangeur de chaleur comporte une plaque interne comportant des orifices dans lesquelles sont insérés les extrémités des tubes, le joint d'étanchéité comprenant des deuxièmes collets compressibles étant insérés dans les orifices et comprimés entre la paroi desdits orifices et les extrémités des tubes. According to another aspect of the invention, the heat exchanger comprises an inner plate having orifices in which are inserted the ends of the tubes, the seal comprising second compressible collars being inserted into the orifices and compressed between the wall said orifices and the ends of the tubes.
Selon un autre aspect de l'invention, les évasements locaux correspondent à une extension comprise entre 10 et 20 % de la section transversale de l'extrémité du tube. On entend par là aussi bien l'extension de l'évasement local selon la largeur L de l'extrémité dudit tube que l'extension de l'évasement local selon la direction transversale au tube. La largeur de l'évasement local selon la largeur L de l'extrémité dudit tube est donc comprise entre 10 et 20 % de la section transversale de l'extrémité du tube. According to another aspect of the invention, the local flares correspond to an extension of between 10 and 20% of the cross section of the end of the tube. By this is meant both the extension of the local flare according to the width L of the end of said tube and the extension of the local flare in the direction transverse to the tube. The width of the local flare according to the width L of the end of said tube is therefore between 10 and 20% of the cross section of the end of the tube.
Selon un autre aspect de l'invention, la largeur de l'évasement local selon la largeur L de l'extrémité du tube, c'est-à-dire selon le grand côté de l'extrémité du tube, est d'au plus 50% de ladite largeur L, de préférence d'au plus 40% de ladite largeur L, par exemple d'au plus 30% de ladite largeur L. According to another aspect of the invention, the width of the local flare according to the width L of the end of the tube, that is to say along the long side of the end of the tube, is at most 50% of said width L, preferably at most 40% of said width L, for example at most 30% of said width L.
Selon un aspect de l'invention, chaque extrémité de l'un desdits tubes comporte au moins quatre desdits évasements locaux, par exemple au moins six, par exemple au moins huit. According to one aspect of the invention, each end of one of said tubes comprises at least four of said local flares, for example at least six, for example at least eight.
Selon un aspect de l'invention, l'évasement local a une forme sensiblement semi-circulaire Selon un aspect de l'invention, la voûte formée par l'évasement local présente des pieds s 'étendant selon une direction sensiblement normale par rapport aux grands côtés desdits tubes. Selon un autre aspect de l'invention, les tubes et les entretoises formant le faisceau sont fixés entre eux par brasage. According to one aspect of the invention, the local flare has a substantially semicircular shape According to one aspect of the invention, the vault formed by the local flare has feet extending in a direction substantially normal to the long sides of said tubes. According to another aspect of the invention, the tubes and the struts forming the bundle are fixed to each other by brazing.
Selon un autre aspect de l'invention, les tubes et les entretoises formant le faisceau sont fixés entre eux mécaniquement. According to another aspect of the invention, the tubes and the struts forming the bundle are mechanically fixed to each other.
Selon un autre aspect de l'invention, au moins l'extrémité de chaque tube a une section oblongue. According to another aspect of the invention, at least the end of each tube has an oblong section.
Selon un autre aspect de l'invention, les tubes comportent une jambe entre les parois internes des tubes. According to another aspect of the invention, the tubes comprise a leg between the inner walls of the tubes.
Selon un autre aspect de l'invention, les évasements locaux de chaque extrémité desdits tubes sont à une distance d'au moins 5% de la largeur L de ladite extrémité, c'est-à-dire de la grande dimension de ladite extrémité. According to another aspect of the invention, the local flares of each end of said tubes are at a distance of at least 5% of the width L of said end, that is to say of the large dimension of said end.
La présente invention concerne également un procédé de fabrication d'un échangeur de chaleur comprenant les étapes suivantes: The present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a heat exchanger comprising the following steps:
0 assemblage d'un faisceau de tubes comportant une multiplicité de tubes disposés parallèlement les uns aux autres et des entretoises disposées entre lesdits tubes, 0 assembling a tube bundle comprising a plurality of tubes arranged parallel to each other and spacers arranged between said tubes,
0 fixation des tubes avec les entretoises, 0 fixing the tubes with the spacers,
0 assemblage d'une plaque collectrice munie de trous de section correspondant aux extrémités des tubes et équipée d'un joint d'étanchéité compressible formant des premiers collets compressibles propres à être engagés respectivement au travers des trous, 0 assembly of a collector plate provided with holes of section corresponding to the ends of the tubes and equipped with a compressible seal forming first compressible collars adapted to be engaged respectively through the holes,
0 insertion des extrémités des tubes dans les trous de la plaque collectrice, 0 réalisation d'évasements locaux en forme de voûte s'étendant en profondeur depuis l'embouchure des tubes jusqu'à l'espace entre la plaque collectrice et les entretoises.  Inserting the ends of the tubes into the holes of the collector plate, producing local vault-like flares extending in depth from the mouth of the tubes to the space between the collector plate and the spacers.
Selon un aspect du procédé selon l'invention, l'étape de fixation des tubes avec les entretoises est réalisée par brasage desdits tubes avec les entretoises. According to one aspect of the method according to the invention, the step of fixing the tubes with the spacers is carried out by brazing said tubes with the spacers.
Selon un aspect du procédé selon l'invention, l'étape de fixation des tubes avec les entretoises est réalisée par fixation mécanique. According to one aspect of the process according to the invention, the step of fixing the tubes with the spacers is carried out by mechanical fixing.
Selon un aspect du procédé selon l'invention, l'étape de réalisation d'évasements locaux est réalisée par insertion d'un doigt d'évasement dans les extrémités des tubes, ledit doigt d'évasement ayant un diamètre supérieur à l'épaisseur du premier collet compressible du joint d'étanchéité et inférieur à l'épaisseur des trous. According to one aspect of the method according to the invention, the step of producing local flares is performed by inserting a flaring finger into the ends of the tubes, said flaring finger having a diameter greater than the thickness of the flange. first compressible collar of the seal and less than the thickness of the holes.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront plus clairement à la lecture de la description suivante, donnée à titre d'exemple illustratif et non limitatif, et des dessins annexés parmi lesquels : Other features and advantages of the invention will emerge more clearly on reading the following description, given by way of illustrative and nonlimiting example, and the appended drawings among which:
• la figure 1 montre une représentation schématique en perspective d'un échangeur de chaleur,  FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation in perspective of a heat exchanger,
• la figure 2 montre une représentation schématique en perspective et en coupe longitudinale d'un échangeur de chaleur,  FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation in perspective and in longitudinal section of a heat exchanger,
• la figure 3 montre une représentation schématique en coupe transversale de la plaque collectrice de la figure 1 selon un premier mode de réalisation, • la figure 4 montre une représentation schématique de la plaque collectrice de la figure 3 selon le plan de coupe longitudinal XX, FIG. 3 shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of the collector plate of FIG. 1 according to a first embodiment, FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of the collector plate of FIG. 3 along the longitudinal section plane XX,
• la figure 5 montre une représentation schématique en coupe de la plaque collectrice de la figure 1 selon un premier mode de réalisation,  FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation in section of the collector plate of FIG. 1 according to a first embodiment,
• la figure 6 montre une représentation schématique en coupe transversale d'une plaque collectrice selon un deuxième mode de réalisation,  FIG. 6 shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of a collector plate according to a second embodiment,
• la figure 7 montre une représentation schématique en coupe longitudinale transversale d'une plaque collectrice selon un deuxième mode de réalisation, FIG. 7 shows a schematic representation in transverse longitudinal section of a collector plate according to a second embodiment,
• la figure 8 montre une représentation schématique en coupe transversale de l'extrémité d'un tube de l'échangeur de chaleur, FIG. 8 shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of the end of a tube of the heat exchanger,
• la figure 9 montre une représentation schématique en coupe transversale d'un échangeur de chaleur au niveau d'une extrémité de tube selon le premier mode de réalisation,  FIG. 9 shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of a heat exchanger at a tube end according to the first embodiment,
• la figure 10 montre une représentation schématique en coupe transversale d'un échangeur de chaleur au niveau d'une extrémité de tube selon le deuxième mode de réalisation.  FIG. 10 shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of a heat exchanger at a tube end according to the second embodiment.
Les éléments identiques sur les différentes figures, portent les mêmes références. The identical elements in the different figures bear the same references.
Les réalisations suivantes sont des exemples. Bien que la description se réfère à un ou plusieurs modes de réalisation, ceci ne signifie pas nécessairement que chaque référence concerne le même mode de réalisation, ou que les caractéristiques s'appliquent seulement à un seul mode de réalisation. De simples caractéristiques de différents modes de réalisation peuvent également être combinées ou interchangées pour fournir d'autres réalisations. The following achievements are examples. Although the description refers to one or more embodiments, this does not necessarily mean that each reference relates to the same embodiment, or that the features apply only to a single embodiment. Simple features of different embodiments may also be combined or interchanged to provide other embodiments.
Dans la présente description on peut indexer certains éléments ou paramètres, comme par exemple premier élément ou deuxième élément ainsi que premier paramètre et deuxième paramètre ou encore premier critère et deuxième critère etc. Dans ce cas, il s'agit d'un simple indexage pour différencier et dénommer des éléments ou paramètres ou critères proches mais non identiques. Cette indexation n'implique pas une priorité d'un élément, paramètre ou critère par rapport à un autre et on peut aisément interchanger de telles dénominations sans sortir du cadre de la présente description. Cette indexation n'implique pas non plus un ordre dans le temps par exemple pour apprécier tels ou tels critères. In the present description it is possible to index certain elements or parameters, for example first element or second element as well as first parameter and second parameter or first criterion and second criterion etc. In this case, it is a simple indexing to differentiate and name elements or parameters or criteria close but not identical. This indexing does not imply a priority of one element, parameter or criterion with respect to another, and it is easy to interchange such denominations without departing from the scope of the present description. This indexing does not imply either an order in time for example to appreciate such or such criteria.
L'échangeur de chaleur 1 représenté aux figures 1 et 2, comprend un faisceau 2 formé d'une multiplicité de tubes 20 à l'intérieur desquels peut circuler un premier fluide caloporteur. Les tubes 20 sont disposés parallèlement entre eux et superposés. Entre les tubes 20, sont disposées des entretoises 21 qui agissent comme perturbateur et augmentent la surface d'échange thermique avec un deuxième fluide caloporteur passant entre lesdits tubes 20. Comme le montrent les figures 1, 2 et plus particulièrement la figure 3, les tubes 20 ont une section transversale de forme oblongue et peut donc être définie selon deux axes de longueur différente. Les tubes 20 ont une largeur L (voir figure 8) correspondant à l'axe le plus long de la forme oblongue de leur section transversale, et une épaisseur e correspondant à l'axe le plus court de la forme oblongue de leur section transversale. The heat exchanger 1 shown in Figures 1 and 2, comprises a beam 2 formed of a plurality of tubes 20 inside which can circulate a first heat transfer fluid. The tubes 20 are arranged parallel to each other and superposed. Between the tubes 20, there are spacers 21 which act as a disrupter and increase the heat exchange surface with a second coolant passing between said tubes 20. As shown in Figures 1, 2 and more particularly in Figure 3, the tubes 20 have an oblong cross section and can therefore be defined along two axes of different length. The tubes 20 have a width L (see Figure 8) corresponding to the longest axis of the oblong shape of their cross section, and a thickness e corresponding to the shortest axis of the oblong shape of their cross section.
Les tubes 20 et les entretoises 21 sont généralement réalisés dans des matériaux métalliques. Les tubes 20 et les entretoises 21 formant le faisceau 2 peuvent être fixés entre eux mécaniquement. Dans ce cas, les entretoises 21 sont également appelées ailettes. Les ailettes sont généralement des plaques superposées et placées perpendiculairement aux tubes 20. Lesdites ailettes comportent des orifices dans lesquels sont insérés et fixés les tubes 20. La fixation des tubes 20 est dite mécanique, par exemple par élargissement desdits tubes 20 au moyen d'une olive de taille supérieure à celle des tubes 20 qui est insérée dans les tubes 20 afin d'augmenter leur taille (largeur L et épaisseur e), puis retirée. On parle alors de faisceau 2 mécanique. Selon une autre alternative possible, les tubes 20 et les entretoises 21 formant le faisceau 2 peuvent être fixés entre eux par brassage. Dans ce cas et comme illustré aux figures 1 et 2, les entretoises 21 peuvent être ce que l'on appelle des intercalaires. Ces intercalaires sont par exemple des bandes ondulées ou crénelées, placées entre les tubes 20 et fixées auxdits tubes 20 par brasage. On parle alors de faisceau 2 brasé. The tubes 20 and the spacers 21 are generally made of metal materials. The tubes 20 and the spacers 21 forming the bundle 2 can be fixed together mechanically. In this case, the spacers 21 are also called fins. The fins are generally superposed plates and placed perpendicularly to the tubes 20. Said fins comprise orifices in which the tubes 20 are inserted and fixed. The fixing of the tubes 20 is said to be mechanical, for example by widening said tubes 20 by means of a tube. olive greater than that of the tubes 20 which is inserted into the tubes 20 to increase their size (width L and thickness e), and then removed. This is called mechanical beam 2. According to another possible alternative, the tubes 20 and the spacers 21 forming the bundle 2 can be fixed together by stirring. In this case and as illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, the spacers 21 may be what are called spacers. These spacers are for example corrugated or crenellated strips, placed between the tubes 20 and fixed to said tubes 20 by soldering. This is called a brazed beam 2.
Comme représenté à la figure 8, les tubes 20 peuvent également présenter en leur sein une jambe 26 de tube reliant les parois internes les plus larges des tubes 20. Cette jambe 26 de tube permet une bonne rigidité desdits tubes 20. As shown in FIG. 8, the tubes 20 may also have, within them, a tube leg 26 connecting the widest inner walls of the tubes 20. This tube leg 26 allows good rigidity of said tubes 20.
L'échangeur de chaleur 1 comporte également deux boites collectrices (qui peuvent être des boites à eau ou boites à air) disposées à chaque extrémité 22 des tubes 20. Ces boites collectrices comportent une plaque collectrice 4 et un couvercle (non représenté) venant recouvrir ladite plaque collectrice 4 et refermer la boite collectrice. Ces boites collectrices permettent la collecte et/ou la distribution du premier fluide caloporteur afin qu'il circule dans les tubes 20. La plaque collectrice 4 fait la liaison de façon étanche entre la boite collectrice et le faisceau 2. The heat exchanger 1 also comprises two collector boxes (which may be water boxes or air boxes) disposed at each end 22 of the tubes 20. These collector boxes comprise a header plate 4 and a cover (not shown) to cover said collector plate 4 and close the collector box. These collector boxes allow the collection and / or distribution of the first heat transfer fluid so that it circulates in the tubes 20. The collector plate 4 makes the connection sealingly between the collector box and the bundle 2.
Comme le montre plus en détail la figure 3 qui est une vue en coupe transversale d'un collecteur, la plaque collectrice 4 comprend une âme 40, pouvant être de forme générale rectangulaire, délimitant une multiplicité de trous 43, de section correspondante à la forme de la section des tubes 20 et propres à recevoir les extrémités 22 des tubes. Selon un premier mode de réalisation illustré aux figures 1 à 5, chaque trou 43 peut être bordé par un collet 44 dirigé vers l'intérieur du faisceau 2. Les trous 43 sont de taille similaire aux ouvertures des collets 44. Les collets 44 peuvent avantageusement venir de matière avec la plaque collectrice 4 et être par exemple formés en même temps que les trous 43 par emboutissage. Les trous 43 et les collets 44 ont une forme correspondante à celle de la section transversale des tubes 20, ou du moins de leurs extrémités 22, et comme cette forme est généralement oblongue, il est possible de caractériser lesdits trous 43 et les collets 44 selon deux axes de longueurs différentes. La longueur Ll correspond à l'axe le plus long et peut correspondre à la largeur du trou 43 comme illustré aux figures 3 et 4. La figure 4 est une coupe selon le repère XX de la figure 3 au niveau d'un collet 44. La longueur 11 correspond quant à elle à l'axe le plus court et peut correspondre à l'épaisseur du trou 43 comme illustré sur les figures 4 et 5 où la figure 5 est une représentation schématique en coupe longitudinale d'un collecteur au niveau d'un trou 43. Pour permettre l'insertion des extrémités 22 des tubes 20 au sein des trous 43 et des premiers collets 44 la largeur Ll et l'épaisseur 11 des trous 43 et des collets 44 sont supérieures respectivement à la largeur L et l'épaisseur e des extrémités 22 des tubes 20. Comme le montre la figure 3, l'âme 40 peut se prolonger par une gorge périphérique 42 se terminant par un rebord périphérique 46 formant des pattes rabattables. La gorge périphérique 42 est destinée à recevoir les rebords du couvercle et le rebord périphérique 46 peut être plié et rabattu afin de fixer ledit couvercle sur la plaque collectrice 4. As is shown in more detail in FIG. 3, which is a cross-sectional view of a collector, the collector plate 4 comprises a core 40, which may be of generally rectangular shape, delimiting a multiplicity of holes 43 of section corresponding to the shape of the tube section 20 and adapted to receive the ends 22 of the tubes. According to a first embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 to 5, each hole 43 may be bordered by a collar 44 directed towards the inside of the beam 2. The holes 43 are similar in size to the openings of the collars 44. The collars 44 may advantageously material with the collector plate 4 and be formed, for example, at the same time as the holes 43 by stamping. The holes 43 and the flanges 44 have a shape corresponding to that of the cross section of the tubes 20, or at least their ends 22, and as this shape is generally oblong, it is possible to characterize said holes 43 and the flanges 44 according to two axes of different lengths. The length L1 corresponds to the longest axis and may correspond to the width of the hole 43 as illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4. FIG. 4 is a section along the line XX of FIG. 3 at the level of a collar 44. The length 11 corresponds to the shortest axis and may correspond to the thickness of the hole 43 as illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5, where FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic representation in longitudinal section of a collector at the level of FIG. A hole 43. To allow insertion of the ends 22 of the tubes 20 within the holes 43 and the first collars 44 the width L1 and the thickness 11 of the holes 43 and the collars 44 are respectively greater than the width L and l Thickness e of the ends 22 of the tubes 20. As shown in Figure 3, the core 40 may be extended by a peripheral groove 42 ending in a peripheral flange 46 forming flaps foldable. The peripheral groove 42 is intended to receive the rims of the lid and the peripheral rim 46 can be folded and folded down in order to fix said lid on the collector plate 4.
La plaque collectrice 4 reçoit au moins un joint d'étanchéité compressible 41 pour permettre notamment l'étanchéité au niveau des trous 43.  The header plate 4 receives at least one compressible sealing gasket 41, in particular to allow sealing at the holes 43.
Comme le montrent les figures 1 à 5, la plaque collectrice 4 peut ne comporter qu'un seul joint d'étanchéité 41 compressible. Ce joint d'étanchéité 41 comporte une âme venant s'appliquer sur l'âme 40 de la plaque collectrice 4. Cette âme du joint d'étanchéité 41 est reliée à une multiplicité de premiers collets compressibles 45 qui s'introduisent chacun dans un trou 43. A l'assemblage du faisceau 2 avec la plaque collectrice 4, les premiers collets compressibles 45 sont comprimés entre la paroi des trous 43 et les extrémités 22 afin d'assurer l'étanchéité entre lesdites extrémités 22 des tubes 20 et la plaque collectrice 4. Par ailleurs, l'âme du joint d'étanchéité 41 peut former à sa périphérie un bourrelet 47 disposé dans la gorge périphérique 42 et propre à assurer l'étanchéité avec le couvercle lorsque le rebord périphérique 46 est rabattu. Selon une variante non représentée, la plaque collectrice 4 peut comporter une multitude de joints d'étanchéité 41 compressibles qui forment des premiers collets compressibles 45 qui s'introduisent chacun dans un trou 43 pour assurer l'étanchéité entre l'extrémité 22 d'un tube 20 et la plaque collectrice 4. Dans ce mode de réalisation l'étanchéité avec le couvercle peut être réalisée par un joint d'étanchéité compressible indépendant et placé dans la gorge périphérique 42. As shown in Figures 1 to 5, the header plate 4 may have only one compressible seal 41. This seal 41 comprises a core coming to apply to the core 40 of the header plate 4. This core of the seal 41 is connected to a multiplicity of first compressible collars 45 which are each introduced into a hole 43. At assembly of the bundle 2 with the header plate 4, the first compressible collars 45 are compressed between the wall of the holes 43 and the ends 22 in order to seal between said ends 22 of the 20 and the collector plate 4. Moreover, the core of the seal 41 may form at its periphery a bead 47 disposed in the peripheral groove 42 and able to seal with the cover when the peripheral rim 46 is folded. According to a variant not shown, the header plate 4 may comprise a plurality of compressible seals 41 which form first compressible collars 45 which are each introduced into a hole 43 to seal between the end 22 of a tube 20 and the header plate 4. In this embodiment the seal with the cover can be achieved by an independent compressible seal and placed in the peripheral groove 42.
L'utilisation d'un joint d'étanchéité 41 compressible unique ou d'une multitude de joints d'étanchéité 41 compressibles pour réaliser la liaison entre le faisceau 2 et la plaque collectrice 4, permet une certaine souplesse de la liaison qui peut absorber les dilatations et rétractions liées aux variations de température. La liaison entre le faisceau 2 et la plaque collectrice 4 est donc plus résistante à ces variations de température. The use of a single compressible seal 41 or a plurality of compressible seals 41 to effect the connection between the bundle 2 and the header plate 4, allows a certain flexibility of the connection which can absorb the dilations and retractions related to temperature variations. The connection between the beam 2 and the collector plate 4 is therefore more resistant to these temperature variations.
Les premiers collets compressibles 45 ont également une forme correspondante à celle de la section transversale des tubes 20, ou du moins de leurs extrémités 22. Il est donc également possible de caractériser lesdits premiers collets compressibles 45 selon deux axes de longueurs différentes. La longueur L2 correspond à la largeur de l'ouverture du premier collet compressible 45 lorsque le joint d'étanchéité 41 n'est pas comprimé, comme cela est représenté aux figures 3 et 4. La longueur 12 correspond à l'épaisseur de l'ouverture du premier collet compressible 45 lorsque le joint d'étanchéité 41 n'est pas comprimé, comme cela est représenté aux figures 4 et 5. The first compressible collars 45 also have a shape corresponding to that of the cross section of the tubes 20, or at least their ends 22. It is therefore also possible to characterize said first compressible collars 45 along two axes of different lengths. The length L2 corresponds to the width of the opening of the first compressible collar 45 when the seal 41 is not compressed, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. The length 12 corresponds to the thickness of the opening the first compressible collar 45 when the seal 41 is not compressed, as shown in Figures 4 and 5.
Les figures 6 et 7 montrent un deuxième mode de réalisation. La figure 6 est une coupe transversale d'un collecteur au niveau d'un trou 43, à l'instar de la figure 3. la figure 7 est quant à elle une coupe longitudinale d'un collecteur au niveau d'un trou 43, à l'instar de la figure 5. Dans ce deuxième mode de réalisation, les trous 43 peuvent ne pas comporter de collets 44. L'échangeur de chaleur 1 comporte ici une plaque interneFigures 6 and 7 show a second embodiment. FIG. 6 is a cross-section of a collector at a hole 43, like FIG. 3. FIG. 7 is a longitudinal section of a collector at a hole 43, as in FIG. 5. In this second embodiment, the holes 43 may not comprise flanges 44. The heat exchanger 1 here comprises an internal plate
50 disposée sur le joint d'étanchéité 41. Le joint d'étanchéité 41 est alors pris en sandwich entre l'âme 40 de la plaque collectrice 4 et la plaque interne 50. Cette plaque interne 50 comporte des orifices 51 en prolongement des trous 43 et dans lesquelles sont insérées les extrémités 22 des tubes 20. Le joint d'étanchéité 41 comprend des deuxièmes collets compressibles 48 qui sont insérés dans les orifices 51. Le joint d'étanchéité 41 est comprimé au niveau de ses deuxièmes collets compressibles 48 entre la paroi desdits orifices 51 et les extrémités 22 des tubes 20. 50 disposed on the seal 41. The seal 41 is then sandwiched between the core 40 of the header plate 4 and the inner plate 50. This inner plate 50 has orifices 51 in extension of the holes 43 and in which are inserted the ends 22 of the tubes 20. The seal 41 comprises second compressible collars 48 which are inserted into the orifices 51. The seal 41 is compressed at its second compressible collars 48 between the wall of said orifices 51 and the ends 22 of the tubes 20.
Les orifices 51 et les deuxièmes collets compressibles 48 ont, à l'instar des trous 43 et des premier collets compressibles 45, une forme correspondante à celle de la section transversale des tubes 20, ou du moins de leurs extrémités 22, et comme cette forme est généralement oblongue, il est possible de caractériser lesdits orifices 51 et les deuxièmes collets compressibles 45 selon deux axes de longueurs différentes. La longueur Ll correspond à l'axe le plus long et peut correspondre à la largeur d'un orificeThe orifices 51 and the second compressible collars 48 have, like the holes 43 and the first compressible collars 45, a shape corresponding to that of the cross section of the tubes 20, or at least their ends 22, and as this form is generally oblong, it is possible to characterize said orifices 51 and the second compressible collars 45 along two axes of different lengths. The length L1 corresponds to the longest axis and may correspond to the width of an orifice
51 comme illustré à la figure 6. La longueur L2 correspond à la largeur de l'ouverture du deuxième collet compressible 48 lorsque le joint d'étanchéité 41 n'est pas comprimé, comme cela est représenté à la figure 6. La longueur 11 correspond quant à elle à l'axe le plus court et peut correspondre à l'épaisseur d'un orifice 51 comme illustré sur la figure 7. La longueur 12 correspond à l'épaisseur de l'ouverture du deuxième collet compressible 48 lorsque le joint d'étanchéité 41 n'est pas comprimé, comme cela est représenté à la figure 7. Comme le montrent les figures 1, 2 et 8 àlO, les extrémités 22 des tubes 20 comportent des évasements 25 locaux en forme de voûte. Ces évasements 25 locaux s'étendent en profondeur depuis l'embouchure des tubes 20 jusqu'à l'espace entre la plaque collectrice 4 et les entretoises 21. Au niveau desdits évasements 25 locaux, l'épaisseur e des extrémités 22 des tubes 20 augmente vers une épaisseur e' comme illustré aux figures 9 et 10. Ces évasements 25 locaux donnent un profil ondulé aux parois les plus longues des extrémités 22 de tubes 20 et compriment le joint d'étanchéité 41 du fait que l'épaisseur e' au niveau desdits évasements 25 locaux est supérieure à l'épaisseur 12 des ouvertures des premiers collets compressibles 45 et éventuellement des deuxièmes collets compressibles 48, et inférieure à l'épaisseur 11 des trous 43. A l'état comprimé, l'ouverture du premier collet compressible 45 et éventuellement des deuxièmes collets compressibles 48, a ainsi son épaisseur 12 qui augmente vers une épaisseur 12' comme illustré sur la figure 6. 51 as shown in Figure 6. The length L2 corresponds to the width of the opening of the second compressible collar 48 when the seal 41 is not compressed, as shown in Figure 6. The length 11 corresponds to as for it to the shortest axis and can correspond to the thickness of an orifice 51 as illustrated in FIG. 7. The length 12 corresponds to the thickness of the opening of the second compressible collar 48 when the seal Sealing 41 is not compressed, as shown in FIG. 7. As shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 8 to 10, the ends 22 of the tubes 20 have local arch-shaped flares 25. These local flares extend in depth from the mouth of the tubes 20 to the space between the collector plate 4 and the spacers 21. At the level of said local flares, the thickness e of the ends 22 of the tubes 20 increases. to a thickness e 'as Figures 9 and 10. These local flares give a corrugated profile to the longer walls of the tube ends 20 and compress the seal 41 because the thickness e 'at said local flares is greater at the thickness 12 of the openings of the first compressible collars 45 and possibly the second compressible collars 48, and less than the thickness 11 of the holes 43. In the compressed state, the opening of the first compressible collar 45 and possibly the second collars compressible 48, and has its thickness 12 which increases to a thickness 12 'as shown in Figure 6.
Lesdits évasements 25 locaux permettent l'étanchéité entre la plaque collectrice 4 et les tubes 20 et agissent comme une structure de renfort des tubes 20 de part leur forme en voûte ce qui permet aux extrémités 22 des tubes 20 de résister aux contraintes de déformations liées à la dilatation thermique et notamment à la pression exercée par le joint d'étanchéité 41 au niveau des premiers collets compressibles 45 et également des deuxièmes collets compressibles 48 le cas échéant..  Said local flares 25 allow the seal between the collector plate 4 and the tubes 20 and act as a reinforcing structure of the tubes 20 by their vault shape which allows the ends 22 of the tubes 20 to withstand the stresses of deformation related to the thermal expansion and in particular the pressure exerted by the seal 41 at the level of the first compressible collars 45 and also second compressible collars 48 where appropriate.
Lorsque le faisceau 2 est un faisceau 2 brasé, la présence de ces évasements 25 locaux permet d'assurer une bonne étanchéité entre les tubes 20 du faisceau 2 brasé et la plaque collectrice 4. De plus cette liaison entre les tubes 20 et la plaque collectrice 4 peut résister aux phénomènes de dilatation et de rétractation thermique car cette liaison est souple du fait de la présence d'un joint d'étanchéité 41 tout en résistant à la pression du joint d'étanchéité 41.  When the beam 2 is a brazed beam 2, the presence of these local flares makes it possible to ensure a good seal between the tubes 20 of the brazed beam 2 and the collector plate 4. Moreover this connection between the tubes 20 and the collector plate 4 can withstand the phenomena of expansion and thermal retraction because this connection is flexible due to the presence of a seal 41 while resisting the pressure of the seal 41.
Lorsque le faisceau 2 est un faisceau 2 mécanique, la présence de ces évasements 25 locaux permet également d'assurer une bonne étanchéité entre les tubes 20 du faisceau 2 mécanique et la plaque collectrice 4. De plus cette liaison entre les tubes 20 et la plaque collectrice 4 permet l'utilisation de tubes 20 ayant des parois plus fines, et donc plus efficaces, tout en étant capable de supporter et de résister aux phénomènes de dilatation et de rétractation thermique et à la pression du joint d'étanchéité 41.  When the beam 2 is a mechanical beam 2, the presence of these local flares also makes it possible to ensure a good seal between the tubes 20 of the mechanical beam 2 and the collector plate 4. Moreover this connection between the tubes 20 and the plate The collector 4 allows the use of tubes 20 having thinner walls, and therefore more efficient, while being able to withstand and withstand the phenomena of thermal expansion and retraction and the pressure of the seal 41.
Par local, on entend que l'évasement n'est pas présent sur toute la périphérie de l'extrémité 22 du tube 20, mais réduite à une portion de l'extrémité 22 dudit tube 20. Sur les exemples présentés aux figures 1 à 3, les extrémités 22 des tubes 20 comportent quatre évasements 25 locaux disposés de part et d'autre d'une jambe 26 de tube. By local means that the flare is not present all around the periphery of the end 22 of the tube 20, but reduced to a portion of the end 22 of said tube 20. In the examples shown in Figures 1 to 3, the ends 22 of the tubes 20 comprise four local flares 25 disposed on either side of a leg 26 of tube.
Un évasement 25 local correspond de préférence à une extension locale comprise entre 10 et 20 % de la section transversale de l'extrémité 22 du tube 20. L'épaisseur e' au niveau desdits évasement 25 locaux est donc supérieure de 10 à 20 % à l'épaisseur e des tubes 20. Le nombre d'évasements 25 locaux est fonction de la largeur L des extrémités 22 de tubes 20. Plus ladite largeur L est grande, plus le nombre d'évasement locaux est important. La présente invention concerne également un procédé de fabrication d'un échangeur de chaleur 1 comme décrit précédemment et comprenant les étapes suivantes:  A local flare preferably corresponds to a local extension of between 10 and 20% of the cross section of the end 22 of the tube 20. The thickness e 'at the level of said local flaring is therefore 10 to 20% greater than the thickness e of the tubes 20. The number of local flares is a function of the width L of the ends 22 of tubes 20. The larger said width L, the greater the number of local flares. The present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a heat exchanger 1 as previously described and comprising the following steps:
0 assemblage d'un faisceau 2 de tubes comportant une multiplicité de tubes 20 disposés parallèlement les uns aux autres et des entretoises 21 disposées entre lesdits tubes 20, 0 assembling a bundle 2 of tubes comprising a multiplicity of tubes 20 arranged parallel to each other and spacers 21 arranged between said tubes 20,
0 fixation des tubes 20 avec les entretoises 21, cette fixation pouvant être soit réalisée par brasage ou bien être mécanique, 0 Fixing the tubes 20 with the spacers 21, this fixing can be made by soldering or be mechanical,
0 assemblage d'une plaque collectrice 4 munie de trous 43de section correspondant aux extrémités 22 des tubes 20 et équipée d'un joint d'étanchéité 41 compressible formant des premiers collets compressibles 45 propres à être engagés respectivement au travers des trous 43,  0 assembly of a collector plate 4 provided with holes 43 of section corresponding to the ends 22 of the tubes 20 and equipped with a compressible seal 41 forming first compressible collars 45 to be engaged respectively through the holes 43,
0 insertion des extrémités 22 des tubes 20 dans les trous 43 de la plaque collectrice 4,  Inserting the ends 22 of the tubes 20 into the holes 43 of the header plate 4,
0 réalisation d'évasements 25 locaux en forme de voûte, lesdits évasement 25 locaux s'étendant en profondeur depuis l'embouchure des tubes 20 jusqu'à l'espace entre la plaque collectrice 4 et les entretoises 21, 0 making vaulted local flares, said local flares extending in depth from the mouth of the tubes 20 to the space between the collector plate 4 and the spacers 21,
L'étape de réalisation des évasements 25 locaux peut notamment être réalisée par insertion d'un ou plusieurs doigts d'évasement dans les extrémités 22 des tubes 20 de sorte à écarter les parois des tubes 20 et évaser lesdites extrémités. Les doigts d'évasement ont un diamètre supérieur à l'épaisseur 12 du premier collet compressible 45 et inférieur à l'épaisseur 11 du trou 43 de sorte à permettre la compression du joint d'étanchéité 41. The step of producing the local flares may in particular be carried out by inserting one or more flaring fingers in the ends 22 of the tubes 20 of FIG. so as to spread the walls of the tubes 20 and flare said ends. The flaring fingers have a diameter greater than the thickness 12 of the first compressible collar 45 and less than the thickness 11 of the hole 43 so as to allow compression of the seal 41.
Ainsi, on voit bien que l'échangeur thermique 1 selon l'invention, permet d'avoir des tubes 20 dont les parois sont assez fines pour avoir des échanges thermiques optimaux et ce tout en pouvant compenser les variations de taille liées à la dilatation et la rétractation thermique et résister aux pressions exercées par une étanchéité entre les tubes 20 et la plaque collectrice 4 réalisée au moyen d'un joint d'étanchéité compressible 41. Thus, it can clearly be seen that the heat exchanger 1 according to the invention makes it possible to have tubes 20 whose walls are thin enough to have optimal heat exchanges and this while being able to compensate for the variations in size related to the expansion and the thermal shrinkage and withstand the pressures exerted by a seal between the tubes 20 and the collector plate 4 made by means of a compressible seal 41.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
Échangeur de chaleur (1) comprenant : Heat exchanger (1) comprising:
0 un faisceau (2) de tubes comportant une multiplicité de tubes (20) disposés parallèlement les uns aux autres et des entretoises (21) disposées entre lesdits tubes (20), 0 a beam (2) of tubes having a multiplicity of tubes (20) arranged parallel to one another and spacers (21) arranged between said tubes (20),
0 une plaque collectrice (4) comprenant des trous (43) dans lesquels sont introduits des extrémités (22) des tubes (20), la plaque collectrice (4) comportant au moins un joint d'étanchéité (41) compressible formant des premiers collets compressibles (45), les premiers collets compressibles (45) étant insérés dans les trous (43) et comprimés entre la paroi des trous (43) et les extrémités (22) des tubes (20) pour assurer l'étanchéité entre lesdites extrémités (22) des tubes (20) et la plaque collectrice (4), 0 a header plate (4) comprising holes (43) into which are inserted the ends (22) of tubes (20), the header plate (4) having at least one seal (41) compressible forming first collars compressible (45), the first compressible collars (45) being inserted into the holes (43) and compressed between the wall of the holes (43) and the ends (22) of the tubes (20) to seal between said ends ( 22) tubes (20) and the collector plate (4),
caractérisé en ce que les extrémités (22) des tubes (20) comportent des évasements (25) locaux en forme de voûte et s'étendant en profondeur depuis l'embouchure des tubes (20) jusqu'à l'espace entre la plaque collectrice (4) et les entretoises (21).  characterized in that the ends (22) of the tubes (20) have local arch-shaped flares (25) extending in depth from the mouth of the tubes (20) to the space between the header plate (4) and the spacers (21).
2. Échangeur de chaleur (1) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que chaque extrémité de l'un desdits tubes comporte au moins quatre desdits évasements locaux, par exemple au moins six, par exemple au moins huit 2. heat exchanger (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that each end of one of said tubes comprises at least four of said local flares, for example at least six, for example at least eight
3. Échangeur de chaleur (1) selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le trou (43) est bordé par un collet (44) dans lequel le premier collet compressible (45) est inséré et comprimé par l'extrémité (22) du tube (20). Heat exchanger (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the hole (43) is bordered by a collar (44) in which the first compressible collar (45) is inserted and compressed by the end ( 22) of the tube (20).
Échangeur de chaleur (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une plaque interne (50) comportant des orifices (51) dans lesquelles sont insérés les extrémités (22) des tubes (20), le joint d'étanchéité (41) comprenant des deuxièmes collets compressibles (48) étant insérés dans les orifices (51) et comprimés entre la paroi desdits orifices (51) et les extrémités (22) des tubes (20). Heat exchanger (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises an inner plate (50) having orifices (51) in which are inserted the ends (22) of the tubes (20), the seal sealing ring (41) comprising second compressible collars (48) being inserted into the orifices (51) and compressed between the wall of said orifices (51) and the ends (22) of the tubes (20).
Échangeur de chaleur (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les évasements (25) locaux correspondent à une extension comprise entre 10 et 20 % de la section transversale de l'extrémité (22) du tube (20). Heat exchanger (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the local flares (25) correspond to an extension of between 10 and 20% of the cross section of the end (22) of the tube (20) .
Échangeur de chaleur (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les évasements (25) locaux ont une extension selon le grand côté (L) de l'extrémité du tube, d'au plus 50% de la dimension (L) dudit grand côté. Heat exchanger (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the local flares (25) have an extension along the long side (L) of the end of the tube, at most 50% of the dimension (L) of said large side.
7. Échangeur de chaleur (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que les tubes (20) et les entretoises (21) formant le faisceau (2) sont fixés entre eux par brasage. 7. Heat exchanger (1) according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the tubes (20) and the spacers (21) forming the beam (2) are fixed together by brazing.
8. Échangeur de chaleur (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que les tubes (20) et les entretoises (21) formant le faisceau (2) sont fixés entre eux mécaniquement. 8. Heat exchanger (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the tubes (20) and the spacers (21) forming the beam (2) are fixed together mechanically.
9. Échangeur de chaleur (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins l'extrémité (22) de chaque tube (20) a une section oblongue. 9. Heat exchanger (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least the end (22) of each tube (20) has an oblong section.
10. Échangeur de chaleur (1) selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que les tubes (20) comportent une jambe (26) entre les parois internes des tubes (20). 10. Heat exchanger (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the tubes (20) comprise a leg (26) between the inner walls of the tubes (20).
11. Procédé de fabrication d'un échangeur de chaleur (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les étapes suivantes:11. A method of manufacturing a heat exchanger (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
0 assemblage d'un faisceau (2) de tubes comportant une multiplicité de tubes (20) disposés parallèlement les uns aux autres et des entretoises (21) disposées entre lesdits tubes (20), 0 assembling a bundle (2) of tubes having a multiplicity of tubes (20) arranged parallel to one another and spacers (21) arranged between said tubes (20),
0 fixation des tubes (20) avec les entretoises (21), 0 fixing the tubes (20) with the spacers (21),
0 assemblage d'une plaque collectrice (4) munie de trous (43) de section correspondant aux extrémités (22) des tubes (20) et équipée d'un joint d'étanchéité (41) compressible formant des premiers collets compressibles (45) propres à être engagés respectivement au travers des trous (43), 0 assembly of a collector plate (4) provided with holes (43) of section corresponding to the ends (22) of the tubes (20) and equipped with a compressible seal (41) forming first compressible collars (45) adapted to be engaged respectively through the holes (43),
0 insertion des extrémités (22) des tubes (20) dans les trous (43) de la plaque collectrice (4), 0 insertion of the ends (22) of the tubes (20) into the holes (43) of the header plate (4),
0 réalisation d'évasements (25) locaux en forme de voûte s'étendant en profondeur depuis l'embouchure des tubes (20) jusqu'à l'espace entre la plaque collectrice (4) et les entretoises (21). 0 realization of vaulted local flares (25) extending in depth from the mouth of the tubes (20) to the space between the header plate (4) and the spacers (21).
12. Procédé de fabrication selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que l'étape de fixation des tubes (20) avec les entretoises (21) est réalisée par brasage desdits tubes (20) avec les entretoises (21). 12. The manufacturing method according to claim 11, characterized in that the step of fixing the tubes (20) with the spacers (21) is performed by brazing said tubes (20) with the spacers (21).
13. Procédé de fabrication selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que l'étape de fixation des tubes (20) avec les entretoises (21) est réalisée par fixation mécanique. 13. Manufacturing process according to claim 12, characterized in that the step of fixing the tubes (20) with the spacers (21) is made by mechanical fixing.
14. Procédé de fabrication selon l'une des revendications 11 à 13, caractérisé en ce que l'étape de réalisation d'évasements (25) locaux est réalisée par insertion d'un doigt d'évasement dans les extrémités (22) des tubes (20), ledit doigt d'évasement ayant un diamètre supérieur à l'épaisseur (12) du premier collet compressible (45) du joint d'étanchéité (41) et inférieur à l'épaisseur (11) des trous (43). 14. The manufacturing method according to one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the step of producing local flares (25) is performed by inserting a flaring finger into the ends (22) of the tubes (20), said flare finger having a diameter greater than the thickness (12) of the first compressible flange (45) of the seal (41) and less than the thickness (11) of the holes (43).
PCT/FR2017/052629 2016-09-28 2017-09-27 Heat exchanger and associated manufacturing method WO2018060622A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1659223A FR3056733A1 (en) 2016-09-28 2016-09-28 HEAT EXCHANGER AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME
FR1659223 2016-09-28

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Cited By (1)

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LU500978B1 (en) 2021-12-10 2023-06-12 Estra Automotive Systems Luxembourg S A R L Heat exchanger and method for assembling and operating the same

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CN111366029A (en) * 2018-12-26 2020-07-03 浙江盾安热工科技有限公司 Heat exchanger connecting device and heat exchanger

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US5901784A (en) * 1995-11-02 1999-05-11 Valeo Thermique Moteur Heat exchanger with oval or oblong tubes, and a method of assembly of such a heat exchanger
US6296051B1 (en) * 1998-09-25 2001-10-02 Valeo Termique Moteur Heat exchanger with reduced space requirement, in particular for motor vehicle
DE10123675A1 (en) * 2001-05-16 2002-11-21 Behr Gmbh & Co Heat exchanger of ribbed block and plate specifies pipe end axis after expanding as less than pipe large axis and pipe end small axis exceeding pipe small axis for narrow-bore oval pipe sets.

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DE4445590A1 (en) * 1994-12-20 1996-06-27 Behr Gmbh & Co Heat exchanger tube with expanded ends
US5901784A (en) * 1995-11-02 1999-05-11 Valeo Thermique Moteur Heat exchanger with oval or oblong tubes, and a method of assembly of such a heat exchanger
US6296051B1 (en) * 1998-09-25 2001-10-02 Valeo Termique Moteur Heat exchanger with reduced space requirement, in particular for motor vehicle
DE10123675A1 (en) * 2001-05-16 2002-11-21 Behr Gmbh & Co Heat exchanger of ribbed block and plate specifies pipe end axis after expanding as less than pipe large axis and pipe end small axis exceeding pipe small axis for narrow-bore oval pipe sets.

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
LU500978B1 (en) 2021-12-10 2023-06-12 Estra Automotive Systems Luxembourg S A R L Heat exchanger and method for assembling and operating the same

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