WO2018059568A1 - Circuit de génération de courant impulsionnel pour stimulation neuronale, circuit et procédé de compensation de charge, et stimulateur de rétine électrique implantable - Google Patents

Circuit de génération de courant impulsionnel pour stimulation neuronale, circuit et procédé de compensation de charge, et stimulateur de rétine électrique implantable Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018059568A1
WO2018059568A1 PCT/CN2017/104678 CN2017104678W WO2018059568A1 WO 2018059568 A1 WO2018059568 A1 WO 2018059568A1 CN 2017104678 W CN2017104678 W CN 2017104678W WO 2018059568 A1 WO2018059568 A1 WO 2018059568A1
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Prior art keywords
pulse current
charge
circuit
signal
pulse
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PCT/CN2017/104678
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
夏斌
赵瑜
林郁
方贤文
陈志�
Original Assignee
深圳硅基仿生科技有限公司
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Priority claimed from CN201610875326.8A external-priority patent/CN106390285B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201610879293.4A external-priority patent/CN106267560B/zh
Application filed by 深圳硅基仿生科技有限公司 filed Critical 深圳硅基仿生科技有限公司
Priority to US16/337,920 priority Critical patent/US11097105B2/en
Publication of WO2018059568A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018059568A1/fr
Priority to US17/445,214 priority patent/US11998741B2/en
Priority to US17/445,215 priority patent/US20220032057A1/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/36046—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation of the eye
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/3605—Implantable neurostimulators for stimulating central or peripheral nerve system
    • A61N1/36128—Control systems
    • A61N1/36142—Control systems for improving safety
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/3605—Implantable neurostimulators for stimulating central or peripheral nerve system
    • A61N1/36128—Control systems
    • A61N1/36146—Control systems specified by the stimulation parameters
    • A61N1/36167—Timing, e.g. stimulation onset
    • A61N1/36175—Pulse width or duty cycle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
    • H03K3/01—Details
    • H03K3/017—Adjustment of width or dutycycle of pulses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
    • H03K3/78—Generating a single train of pulses having a predetermined pattern, e.g. a predetermined number
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K5/00—Manipulating of pulses not covered by one of the other main groups of this subclass
    • H03K5/00006—Changing the frequency
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K5/00—Manipulating of pulses not covered by one of the other main groups of this subclass
    • H03K5/01—Shaping pulses
    • H03K5/02—Shaping pulses by amplifying
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/02—Details
    • A61N1/04—Electrodes
    • A61N1/05—Electrodes for implantation or insertion into the body, e.g. heart electrode
    • A61N1/0526—Head electrodes
    • A61N1/0543—Retinal electrodes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/3605—Implantable neurostimulators for stimulating central or peripheral nerve system
    • A61N1/36125—Details of circuitry or electric components
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/3605—Implantable neurostimulators for stimulating central or peripheral nerve system
    • A61N1/36128—Control systems
    • A61N1/36146—Control systems specified by the stimulation parameters
    • A61N1/3615—Intensity
    • A61N1/36157—Current

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a pulse current generating circuit for nerve stimulation, a charge compensation circuit and method, and an implantable retinal electrical stimulator.
  • RP retinitis pigmentosa
  • AMD macular degeneration
  • an external camera captures a video image, and then the image processing device converts the video image into an electrical signal and sends it to the implant, and then the implant located in the eye converts the electrical signal into a stimulus signal and passes
  • the stimulating electrode of the implant stimulates the ganglion cells of the retina, thereby enabling the blind to feel the light perception on the cerebral cortex and restore part of the vision.
  • the stimulation signals generated by the stimulation electrodes often only stimulate nerve cells (such as ganglion cells) on the surface of the retina, and cannot effectively It stimulates the bipolar cells of the retina slightly away from the surface of the retina. Therefore, it is often not ideal in terms of stimulating effect.
  • nerve cells such as ganglion cells
  • stimulated nerve tissue such as ganglion cells or bipolar cells of the retina
  • a net charge such as positive or negative charge
  • the RC circuit In order to ensure the balance of the stimulating charge received by nerve tissue such as ganglion cells or bipolar cells of the retina, it is also considered to provide an RC circuit between the pulse current generating circuit and the stimulated site to balance the ganglion cells or bipolar cells. Excess charge. However, the charge balance performance of the RC circuit is positively correlated with the capacity of the capacitor in the RC circuit. In order to balance more positive or negative charges, the capacity of the capacitor in the RC circuit needs to be increased, thereby requiring a larger area of capacitance. However, in the field of neural stimulation, the circuit design space is often limited, and the integrated area cannot occupy a large capacitance. Therefore, the use of the RC circuit to balance the charge capacity cannot be fully utilized.
  • the inventors of the present invention have found through long-term studies that ganglion cells are connected to a plurality of bipolar cells in the retina, and bipolar cells and single photoreceptor cells are in the macular area of the retina (usually the implantation site of the artificial retina). Corresponding connections, by stimulating the bipolar cells of the retina, can effectively improve the resolution of the stimulus, resulting in a more accurate and effective light perception.
  • the stimulating electrode implanted in the body often fits on the retina, and the part that the stimulating electrode can contact is mainly the ganglion cells of the retina (especially ganglion cells). Axon).
  • the stimulation electrode In order for the stimulation signal generated by the stimulation electrode to be stimulated to bipolar cells that are slightly distant from the stimulation electrode, it is generally required that the stimulation electrode be capable of providing a pulse current such as a wide stimulation pulse. In addition, from the viewpoint of the safe charge amount of the stimulating electrode, if the stimulation pulse of the pulse current is wide, the amplitude of the pulse current is correspondingly reduced to ensure that the stimulating charge is within the range of the safe charge amount.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a pulse current generating circuit, a charge compensation circuit and method, and an implantable retinal electrical stimulator for nerve stimulation capable of improving effective stimulation resolution.
  • a first aspect of the present invention provides a pulse current generating circuit for nerve stimulation, comprising: an analog signal receiving device for receiving an analog signal; and an analog to digital converter that converts the analog signal into a digital a control signal; a current signal controller that generates a pulse current parameter for generating a bidirectional pulse current signal based on the digital control signal; and a current generator that generates the bidirectional pulse for nerve stimulation based on the pulse current parameter a current signal capable of generating a current based on the pulse current parameter The same precision pulse current.
  • the current signal controller generates a pulse current parameter for generating a bidirectional pulse current signal according to the digital control signal
  • the current generator generates a bidirectional pulse current for nerve stimulation of different precision according to the pulse current parameter. signal.
  • the total amount of charges of the bidirectional pulse current signal is within a safe charge amount in one stimulation period. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the pulse current signal from injuring human nerve tissue (for example, ganglion cells or bipolar cells of the retina), and ensuring the safety and reliability of the pulse current generating circuit.
  • human nerve tissue for example, ganglion cells or bipolar cells of the retina
  • the pulse current parameter includes a negative pulse width, a negative pulse amplitude, a forward pulse width, a forward pulse amplitude, and a pulse interval.
  • the current generator generates a low-precision pulse current or a high-precision pulse current according to the pulse current parameter, and the current generator receives the pulse After the current parameter, determining whether the bidirectional pulse current signal to be generated is less than a critical value, and generating the high precision pulse current when the bidirectional pulse current signal to be generated is less than or equal to a critical value; when the bidirectional pulse current signal to be generated is greater than At the critical value, the low precision pulse current is generated.
  • the current generator can generate a corresponding pulse current under different conditions to meet the requirements of the stimulation signal.
  • the current generator when the negative pulse width of the bidirectional pulse current signal is greater than the preset duration and the negative pulse amplitude is less than or equal to the At the critical value, the current generator generates a high precision pulse current. In this case, nerve cells are stimulated more effectively.
  • the accuracy of the pulse amplitude of the high-precision pulse current is greater than the precision of the pulse amplitude of the low-precision pulse current.
  • the current generator can generate pulse currents of different precision according to actual conditions to meet the requirements of different nerve stimulation signals.
  • the total amount of charges of the forward pulse current or the negative direction pulse current in one stimulation period of the bidirectional pulse current signal is within the safe charge amount. Therefore, long-term safety and reliability of the stimulating electrode can be ensured.
  • a second aspect of the present invention provides a charge compensation circuit which is a charge compensation circuit for performing charge compensation on a pulse current generation circuit, the pulse current generation circuit generating a bidirectional pulse current for nerve stimulation
  • the charge compensation circuit includes: a detection circuit for detecting a total amount of charges in one stimulation period of the bidirectional pulse current signal generated by the pulse current generation circuit; and a determination circuit for determining that the detection circuit detects Whether the total amount of charge exceeds a safe charge amount; and a compensation circuit for generating a compensated pulse current signal having a net charge amount when the determination circuit determines that the total amount of charge exceeds a safe charge amount The total amount of charge is within the safe charge amount.
  • the total amount of electric charge of the bidirectional pulse current signal generated by the pulse current generating circuit in one stimulation period is detected by the detecting circuit, and the judging circuit is used to determine whether the total amount of electric charge detected by the detecting circuit is The safe charge amount is exceeded, and when the judging circuit judges that the total amount of charge exceeds the safe charge amount, the compensation circuit generates a compensated pulse current signal having a net charge amount such that the total amount of charge is within the safe charge amount.
  • RC circuit a large capacitance
  • the compensation circuit when the determination circuit determines that the total amount of charge is a positive value, a compensation pulse current signal having a negative compensation amount of charge is generated. Making the total amount of charge within the safe charge amount, and when the determining circuit determines that the total amount of charge is a negative value, generating a compensated pulse current signal having a positive value of the compensated charge amount to make the total charge The amount is within the safe charge amount. Thereby, it is possible to more effectively ensure that the total amount of charge for nerve stimulation is in a safe charge Within the amount.
  • the amplitude of the compensation pulse current signal is lower than a preset amplitude, and the period of the compensation pulse current signal is smaller than the bidirectional pulse current signal. cycle. In this case, charge compensation can be done quickly with multiple compensations.
  • a waveform of a forward pulse current signal is opposite to a waveform of a negative pulse current signal
  • the detection circuit detects the An absolute value of a charge amount of the forward pulse current signal and an amount of charge of the negative pulse current signal
  • the determination circuit comparing the charge amount of the forward pulse current signal with the charge amount of the negative pulse current signal The absolute value is used to determine whether the total amount of charge exceeds the amount of safe charge.
  • the detection circuit detects an average value of the bidirectional pulse current signal generated by the pulse current generation circuit, and the determination circuit determines the absolute value of the average value. Whether the value is greater than a preset value, and when the absolute value of the average value is greater than the preset value, the compensation circuit generates a compensation pulse current signal having a net charge amount such that the total amount of charge is within the safe charge amount . In this case, whether or not the charge compensation needs to be provided can be easily determined by detecting whether the average value is larger than a preset value.
  • the detection circuit detects a current average value of the bidirectional pulse current signal generated by the pulse current generation circuit, and converts the current average value into a voltage.
  • An average value, and the determining circuit determines whether an absolute value of the voltage average value is greater than a preset voltage value, and the compensation circuit generates a net charge when an absolute value of the voltage average value is greater than the preset voltage value.
  • the amount of compensation pulse current signal is such that the total amount of charge is within the safe charge amount.
  • the current average value can be converted into a voltage average value to be detected, and by comparing the absolute value of the voltage average value with the preset voltage value, when the absolute value of the voltage average value is greater than the preset At the voltage value, the total amount of charge that can be used for the nerve stimulation by the compensation of the compensation circuit is within the safe charge amount.
  • the compensation circuit when the absolute value of the voltage average value is greater than a preset voltage value, and the voltage average value is a positive value, the compensation circuit generates a negative The value of the net charge amount of the compensated pulse current signal for use in the nerve The total amount of the stimulus is within the safe charge amount, and when the absolute value of the voltage average value is greater than a preset voltage value, and the voltage average value is a negative value, the compensation circuit generates a positive value The compensated pulse current signal of the net charge amount is such that the total amount of charge used for nerve stimulation is within the safe charge amount.
  • the predetermined amplitude is a minimum current amplitude capable of stimulating nerve tissue. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the erroneous stimulation that the compensated pulse current signal may cause to the nerve tissue.
  • a third aspect of the present invention provides a charge compensation method which is a charge compensation method for performing charge compensation on a pulse current generation circuit, the pulse current generation circuit generating a bidirectional pulse current for nerve stimulation,
  • the charge compensation method includes: detecting a total amount of charges in one stimulation period of the bidirectional pulse current signal generated by the pulse current generation circuit; and determining that the total amount of the charges detected by the detection circuit is less than or equal to a safety charge amount And when the determination circuit determines that the total amount of charge exceeds the amount of safe charge, generating a compensated pulse current signal having a net charge amount such that the total amount of charge is within the safe charge amount.
  • a compensation pulse current signal having a negative compensation amount of charge is generated to cause the total amount of the charge to be The safe charge amount is within, and when it is judged that the total charge amount is a negative value, a compensated pulse current signal having a positive value of the compensated charge amount is generated such that the total amount of the charge is within the safe charge amount.
  • a fourth aspect of the invention provides an implantable retinal electrical stimulator, comprising: an implant device having at least the pulse current generating circuit or the charge compensation circuit according to any one of the above; and an image pickup device for Capturing a video image and converting the video image into a visual signal; a video processing device coupled to the camera device and processing the visual signal to generate a modulated signal; and an analog signal transmitting device that Transmitting a signal to the implant device, the implant device converting the received modulated signal into the bi-directional pulse current signal as an electrical stimulation signal, thereby releasing a ganglion cell or a bipolar cell of the retina
  • the bidirectional pulse current signal is used to generate a light sensation.
  • the present invention it is possible to generate a more effective stimulation effect, and it is possible to adapt to higher processing requirements such as stimulation algorithm optimization at the hardware level, and the charge compensation circuit is active. Compensating for the excess net charge that may be present on nerve tissue (such as ganglion cells or bipolar cells) can increase the efficiency of charge balance on stimulating charges and ensure the safety and reliability of nerve stimulation. In addition, it is possible to sufficiently improve the charge balance capability in a limited space without using a large capacitance occupying a large area.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view showing an implantable retinal electrical stimulator according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the implantation of a stimulation electrode structure of an implantable retinal electrical stimulator according to the first embodiment of the present invention into an eyeball;
  • FIG 3 is a partial schematic view showing the stimulation electrode structure (stimulation end) shown in Figure 2 attached to the retina in the eyeball;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a circuit block of a pulse current generating circuit for nerve stimulation according to the first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a bidirectional pulse current signal according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a circuit block of a current generator according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the accuracy of different pulse current amplitudes according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • 8a to 8d are schematic diagrams showing stimulation waveforms of different bidirectional pulse currents
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a pulse current generation circuit according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic block diagram showing a charge compensation circuit according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing a compensation pulse current according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a charge compensation circuit according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view showing an implantable retinal electrical stimulator according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the implantation of the stimulation electrode structure of the implantable retinal electrical stimulator according to the first embodiment of the present invention into the eyeball.
  • Fig. 3 is a partial schematic view showing the stimulation electrode structure (stimulation end) shown in Fig. 2 attached to the retina in the eyeball.
  • an implantable retinal electrical stimulator (also sometimes referred to as “artificial retina”, “artificial retinal system”) 1 may include an implanted portion, ie, an implant device 10, and an extracorporeal portion. This is the extracorporeal device 30.
  • the implant device 10 and the extracorporeal device 30 can be coupled wirelessly.
  • implant device 10 and extracorporeal device 30 can be coupled to transmit antenna 33 via receive antenna 13 shown in FIG.
  • the coupling manner of the implant device 10 and the extracorporeal device 30 is not limited thereto.
  • the implant device 10 and the extracorporeal device 30 may also be implemented by infrared receiving.
  • the implant device 10 primarily includes a substrate (not shown) and an electronic package 11, a stimulation electrode structure 12, and a receiving antenna 13 disposed on the substrate. Additionally, the base in the implant device 10 can be secured to the eyeball 20 by, for example, stitching.
  • the stimulation end 12a (stimulation electrode array) of the stimulation electrode structure 12 in the implant device 10 can enter the vitreous cavity of the eyeball 20 via the incision of the eyeball 20 and be in close proximity to the retina so as to be able to (especially ganglion cells or bipolar cells of the retina) are electrically stimulated (eg, bidirectional pulsed current is delivered) (see Figure 3).
  • the stimulation end 12a of the stimulation electrode structure 12 corresponds to the action of replacing the photoreceptor cells, and the stimulation end 12a is generated by generating an electrical stimulation signal.
  • a bidirectional pulse current signal is issued to stimulate retinal ganglion cells or bipolar cells (see Figure 3).
  • ganglion cells or bipolar cells are stimulated by electrical stimulation signals generated by stimulation electrode structure 12. Thereafter, the electrical stimulation signal is transmitted to the cerebral cortex via the well-preserved downstream visual pathway (optical nerve) and produces a light sensation, thereby partially restoring the patient's vision.
  • RP retinitis pigmentosa
  • AMD age-related macular degeneration
  • the present embodiment focuses on the optic nerve stimulation of the implantable retinal electrical stimulator, the present embodiment is not limited to the field of artificial retina, and conversely, the pulse current generating circuit according to the present embodiment 100 can also be applied to other areas of nerve stimulation such as cochlear implants, deep brain stimulation, cardiac pacemakers, spinal cord stimulators, and the like.
  • the extracorporeal device 30 may include an imaging device 31, a video processing device 32, and a transmitting antenna 33.
  • the camera device 31 can be used to capture a video image and convert the captured video image into a visual signal.
  • the camera device 31 may be a device having an imaging function such as a video camera, a digital camera, a CCD camera, or the like.
  • an imaging function such as a video camera, a digital camera, a CCD camera, or the like.
  • the imaging device 31 for example, an image of the outside world can be captured.
  • a smaller camera can be embedded in the glasses.
  • the camera device 31 can also use Google glasses. Wait to achieve.
  • an image may be acquired by using ultrasonic imaging (for example, sonar) or electromagnetic wave imaging (for example, radar), or other devices capable of generating range and angle information may be used.
  • the video processing device 32 is connected to the camera device 31 and receives the visual signal provided by the camera device 31. After the visual signal captured by the camera device 31 is passed to the video processing device 32, the video processing device 32 can process the visual signal.
  • video processing device 32 may include a microprocessor, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), DSP, etc. to image process (eg, sample, encode, modulate, filter, etc.) the visual signal.
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • DSP digital signal processing circuit
  • video processing device 32 also has a power supply that can provide an energy signal to implant device 10, such as via wireless transmission, to provide power to implant device 10 implanted within eyeball 20.
  • the analog signal transmitting device i.e., transmitting antenna 33
  • the analog signal transmitting device can transmit the energy signal provided by video processing device 32 and the processed visual signal as a modulated signal (e.g., an RF modulated signal) to implant device 10 of the artificial retina.
  • a modulated signal e.g., an RF modulated signal
  • the implant device 10 can be configured to receive a modulated signal transmitted by the video processing device 32 via, for example, a transmit antenna 33, and further process the modulated signal to generate a bi-directional pulse current as a stimulus current for nerve stimulation (stimulation) signal).
  • the receiving antenna 13 shown in FIG. 1 receives the modulated signal and transmits it to the subsequent electronic package 11 for processing.
  • an electrical stimulation signal will be generated by the electronic package 11 (specifically the processing circuitry within the electronic package 11) according to the modulation signal and transmitted to the stimulation end 12a (eg, the stimulation electrode array) of the stimulation electrode structure 12, thereby enabling
  • the ganglion cells or bipolar cells are stimulated (see Figure 3), and the ganglion cells or bipolar cells generate an excitation response after receiving a pulsed current to produce a light sensation.
  • the stimulation current may stimulate the ganglion cells of the retina or the bipolar cells of the retina, and may also stimulate the ganglion cells or bipolar cells of the retina at the same time.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a circuit block of a pulse current generating circuit for nerve stimulation according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a bidirectional pulse current signal according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the pulse current generating circuit 100 for nerve stimulation may include an analog signal receiving device 101, an analog to digital converter 102, a current signal controller 103, and a current generator 104.
  • the pulse current generating circuit 100 can be applied to the implantable retinal electrical stimulator shown in FIG. 1.
  • the pulse current generating circuit 100 can be located within the implant device 10 shown in FIG.
  • pulsed current generating circuit 100 can generate a bi-directional pulsed current signal for stimulating retinal ganglion cells or bipolar cells. Further, in some examples, the bidirectional pulse current signal generated by the pulse current generating circuit 100 can be distributed to a ganglion such as a retina by the stimulation end 12a (refer to FIG. 2) of the stimulation electrode structure 12 disposed in the implant device 10. Cells or bipolar cells.
  • the analog signal receiving apparatus 101 is configured to receive an analog signal, and may take the form of an antenna.
  • the analog signal receiving device 101 transmits the received analog signal to the analog to digital converter 102.
  • the analog signal receiving device 101 may be the receiving antenna 13 composed of a receiving coil.
  • the coil of the receiving antenna 13 may be wound by a metal wire such as gold.
  • the number of turns of the coil of the receiving antenna 13 is not particularly limited and can be set as needed.
  • the analog to digital converter 102 can convert the analog signal received by the analog signal receiving device 101 into a digital control signal and transmit the digital control signal to the current signal controller 103.
  • the circuit configuration of the analog-digital converter 102 is not particularly limited, and an A/D converter of different resolutions such as 4 bits, 6 bits, 8 bits, 10 bits, 14 bits, and 16 bits may be used as needed.
  • the analog-to-digital converter 102 may employ a successive approximation type A/D converter, a parallel comparison type A/D converter, or an integral type A/D converter.
  • the digital control signal can be a stream of digital signals indicative of pulse current parameters of the subsequently generated bi-directional pulsed current signal.
  • the current signal controller 103 can generate a pulse current parameter for generating a bidirectional pulse current signal based on the digital control signal output by the analog to digital converter 102.
  • the bidirectional pulse current as the stimulation signal may include a forward pulse current and a reverse pulse current.
  • the charge of the forward pulse current of the bidirectional pulse current and the charge of the reverse pulse current generally need to be equal to ensure safety in the stimulation of nerve tissue. The effect of bidirectional pulse current on nerve stimulation is described in more detail later.
  • the bidirectional pulse current can be a square wave type bidirectional pulse current.
  • the pulse current parameter of the bidirectional pulse current may include a negative pulse width t1, a negative pulse amplitude I1, a forward pulse width t2, a forward pulse amplitude I2, and a pulse interval t3 (see FIG. 5).
  • the pulse interval t3 refers to the time interval between the negative pulse and the forward pulse.
  • the time T is a stimulation period T described later.
  • the current signal controller 103 can generate a pulse current parameter for generating a bidirectional pulse current signal based on the digital control signal.
  • the digital control signal can instruct the current controller 103 to generate a bidirectional pulse current having a negative negative pulse width t1 that is wider (eg, t1 > t2).
  • the digital control signal can indicate current control
  • the device 103 generates a bidirectional pulse current having a small negative pulse amplitude I1 (for example, I1 ⁇ I2).
  • the current generator 104 can generate a bidirectional pulse current signal for nerve stimulation based on the pulse current parameter.
  • the pulse current generation circuit 100 for nerve stimulation can maintain the high precision of the pulse current while increasing the width of the stimulation pulse current, it is possible to provide a more effective current stimulation effect, for example, to effectively stimulate Bipolar cells to the retina.
  • a wider pulse modulation range can be realized, it is possible to adapt to higher processing requirements such as stimulation algorithm optimization and the like at the hardware level.
  • the current generator 104 can generate at least two different precision pulse currents according to the pulse current parameters. In some examples, current generator 104 is capable of generating two different precision pulsed currents. In other examples, current generator 104 is capable of generating three, four, five, or more different precision pulsed currents. In addition, the different precision multiples between adjacent different pulse currents may be twice, for example, the current generator 104 generates the first pulse current, the second pulse current, the third pulse current, the fourth pulse current, and the fifth pulse current. In the case of five different precision pulse currents, the accuracy of the fifth pulse current is twice the accuracy of the fourth pulse current, and the accuracy of the fourth pulse current is twice the accuracy of the third pulse current, and the accuracy of the third pulse current. It is twice the accuracy of the second pulse current, and the accuracy of the second pulse current is twice the accuracy of the first pulse current. Further, the present embodiment is not limited to this, and other pulse currents of different precisions may be employed.
  • the current generator 104 when the current generator 104 performs nerve stimulation on a nerve tissue or the like, it corresponds to the impedance load 110 being connected.
  • the pulse current generation circuit 100 according to the present embodiment is used for nerve stimulation of an artificial retina
  • ganglion cells or bipolar cells of the retina in the human tissue fluid can be simplified equivalently to the impedance load 110.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a circuit block of the current generator according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the accuracy of different pulse current amplitudes according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • 8a to 8d are schematic diagrams showing stimulation waveforms of different bidirectional pulse currents
  • current generator 104 can include N current sources.
  • the N current sources may be comprised of one reference current source 1041 and (N-1) mirror current sources (current source arrays), such as switches S1, S2, ..., respectively.
  • Switch S (N) control.
  • the switch S1, the switch S2, ..., the switch S(N) controls the magnitude of the total pulse current generated by the current generator 104, that is, the pulse amplitude of the total pulse current (forward or negative pulse amplitude). It is proportional to the number of closed switches S(N).
  • the switch S1 controls the reference current source 1041.
  • the magnitude of the pulse current can be determined by the opening and closing of (N+1) current sources, and the accuracy of the pulse current can be determined by the size of the reference current source 1041.
  • the magnitude of the reference current source 1041 is the magnitude of the pulse current accuracy. For example, if the size of the reference current source 1041 is 1 ⁇ A (microamperes), the pulse current accuracy is 1 ⁇ A, and (N-1) mirror current sources are the current source 1042, the current source 1043, ... the current source 104 (N).
  • the current values of the respective mirror current sources are the same as the current values of the reference current source 1041.
  • the current values of the respective mirror current sources in the current source 1042, the current source 1043, ..., the current source 104 (N) are equal to the reference current source 1041.
  • the current generator 104 can generate an accuracy of 1 ⁇ A pulse current with 512 kinds of pulse amplitude, that is, by controlling switch S1, switch S2, ..., switch S(N), current generator 104 can generate 512 kinds of 1 ⁇ A, 2 ⁇ A, 3 ⁇ A, ..., 512 ⁇ A Different current amplitudes.
  • the current generator 104 can generate accuracy.
  • current generator 104 can generate 4 ⁇ A, 8 ⁇ A, 12 ⁇ A, ... 512 ⁇ A total 128 Different current amplitudes.
  • the current generator 104 can generate accuracy.
  • the current generator 104 can generate 64 kinds of 8 ⁇ A, 16 ⁇ A, 24 ⁇ A, ... 512 ⁇ A.
  • the current accuracy is 1 ⁇ A, 4 ⁇ A, and 8 ⁇ A as an example.
  • the present embodiment is not limited thereto, and the pulse current generation circuit 100 according to the present embodiment may generate other precisions such as 2 ⁇ A, 6 ⁇ A, and 12 ⁇ A. Current.
  • the accuracy of the generated pulse current can be set by setting a plurality of different reference current sources. Therefore, it is possible to generate a plurality of pulse currents of different precisions.
  • two different reference current sources can be provided, in which case two different precision (high precision and low precision) pulse currents can be realized.
  • the current generator 104 can generate two different precision bidirectional pulse currents, a first pulse amplitude accuracy (high precision) and a second pulse amplitude accuracy (low precision).
  • the first pulse amplitude accuracy can be 1 ⁇ A/step
  • the current amplitude range is 0-8 ⁇ A
  • the second pulse amplitude accuracy is 8 ⁇ A/step
  • the accuracy of the pulse amplitude of the high-precision pulse current (the first pulse amplitude accuracy is 1 ⁇ A/step) is greater than the accuracy of the pulse amplitude of the low-precision pulse current (the second pulse amplitude accuracy is 8 ⁇ A/step).
  • the current generator 104 can generate pulse currents of different precision according to actual conditions to meet the requirements of different nerve stimulation signals. Additionally, in other examples, current generator 104 is capable of providing more pulsed currents of different precisions.
  • the total amount of charge within one stimulation period T of the bi-directional pulsed current signal generated by current generator 104 is within a safe charge amount (eg, the total amount of charge is zero).
  • a safe charge amount eg, the total amount of charge is zero.
  • the total amount of charge in T is within the amount of safe charge.
  • the "safe charge amount” is the maximum value that a nerve tissue (such as a ganglion cell or a bipolar cell of the retina) can withstand a net charge within a safe range. A net charge that exceeds this safe charge amount may cause damage to nerve tissue.
  • one stimulation period T is a cycle time at which a stimulation signal is generated. Therefore, in the actual nerve stimulation process, it is necessary to ensure that the total amount of charge in one stimulation period T is controlled within the safe charge amount.
  • one stimulation period T is a cycle time at which a stimulation signal is generated. Total charge means The total amount of charge of the net charge in a stimulation period T of the bidirectional pulse current signal. In some examples, the amount of safe charge may also be zero for convenience.
  • FIGS. 8a to 8d show schematic diagrams of stimulation waveforms for different bidirectional pulsed currents. Since the negative pulse current is generally used as an effective stimulation signal in the field of nerve stimulation, a variation of the bidirectional pulse current signal is exemplified by a negative pulse waveform in FIGS. 8a to 8d.
  • the bidirectional pulse current signal as the stimulation waveform, although the waveform of the negative pulse and the waveform of the forward pulse are not necessarily the same, as long as the bidirectional pulse current signal is guaranteed within one stimulation period T
  • the total amount of charge can be within the amount of safe charge.
  • the negative pulse widths t11, t12, t13, and t14 may each be greater than the forward pulse width t2, thereby enabling a wide stimulation pulse.
  • the bidirectional pulse current may be a bidirectional square wave pulse current signal, a cosine pulse current signal, or a combination of a square wave and a cosine pulse current signal.
  • the current generator 104 can generate a bidirectional pulse current signal based on the pulse current parameter.
  • the bi-directional pulse current signal can include an active stimulation current signal and a balanced current signal.
  • the effective stimulation current signal is a current signal stimulating to a nerve stimulation target such as a ganglion cell or a bipolar cell;
  • the balance current signal is a current signal for balancing the charge generated by the effective stimulation current signal.
  • the effective stimulation signal is a positive pulse
  • the balanced current signal is a negative pulse; if the effective stimulation signal is a negative pulse, the balanced current signal is a positive pulse.
  • the current signal controller 103 generates a pulse current parameter for generating a bidirectional pulse current signal.
  • the pulse current parameter by setting the pulse current parameter, the total amount of charge of the bidirectional pulse current signal theoretically generated by the current generator 104 in one stimulation period is within the safe charge amount.
  • the bidirectional pulse current signal is usually set such that only one of the forward pulse and the negative pulse is the stimulation signal, and the other is the balanced current signal, thereby ensuring The total amount of charge of the bidirectional pulse current signal during one stimulation period T is within the safe charge amount.
  • the integration of the negative pulse signal of the bidirectional pulse current signal in time may be equal to the absolute value of the integration of the forward pulse signal of the bidirectional pulse current signal in time, thereby The total amount of charge of the bidirectional pulse current signal in one stimulation period T is within the safe charge amount.
  • the duration of the negative pulse signal (negative pulse width) is t1
  • the duration of the forward pulse signal (forward pulse width) is T2
  • the absolute value of the integral of the negative pulse in the duration of t1 is equal to the absolute value of the integral of the forward pulse in the duration of t2, that is, the total amount of charge of the bidirectional pulse current signal is within the amount of safe charge (for example, the total amount of charge) Zero).
  • the current generator 104 provides two different pulse amplitude precisions, a first pulse amplitude accuracy and a second pulse amplitude accuracy, wherein the first pulse amplitude accuracy is 1 ⁇ A/step and the amplitude range is 0 to 8 ⁇ A (for example, 1 ⁇ A, 2 ⁇ A, 3 ⁇ A, ..., 8 ⁇ A); the second pulse amplitude accuracy is 8 ⁇ A/step, and the amplitude ranges from 8 to 512 ⁇ A (for example, 8 ⁇ A, 16 ⁇ A, 24 ⁇ A, ..., 512 ⁇ A) (see Fig. 7).
  • the first pulse amplitude accuracy is 1 ⁇ A/step and the amplitude range is 0 to 8 ⁇ A (for example, 1 ⁇ A, 2 ⁇ A, 3 ⁇ A, ..., 8 ⁇ A)
  • the second pulse amplitude accuracy is 8 ⁇ A/step
  • the amplitude ranges from 8 to 512 ⁇ A for example, 8 ⁇ A, 16
  • the current generator 104 can provide a higher precision pulse amplitude accuracy (eg, 1 [mu]A /step), for example, when the current amplitude required by ganglion cells or bipolar cells is less than or equal to 8 ⁇ A, a pulse amplitude accuracy of 1 ⁇ A/step is generated, which can provide 1 ⁇ A, 2 ⁇ A, 3 ⁇ A, 4 ⁇ A, 5 ⁇ A, 6 ⁇ A, 7 ⁇ A, 8 ⁇ A total of 8 pulse amplitude currents; when the current required by ganglion cells or bipolar cells is greater than 8 ⁇ A, a pulse amplitude accuracy of 8 ⁇ A/step current is generated, which can provide 16 ⁇ A, 24 ⁇ A, 32 ⁇ A, 40 ⁇ A, ... 512 ⁇ A 64 pulse amplitude currents.
  • a pulse amplitude accuracy eg, 1 [mu]A /step
  • the current generator 104 is capable of providing pulse amplitudes of at least two different precisions, generating at least two different precision pulse currents, thereby enabling a more efficient current stimulation mode.
  • current generator 104 can generate a low precision pulse current or a high precision pulse current based on the pulse current parameter. Specifically, after receiving the pulse current parameter, the current generator 104 determines whether the pulse amplitude of the bidirectional pulse current signal to be generated is less than a critical value. When the pulse amplitude of the bidirectional pulse current signal to be generated is less than or equal to a critical value, the current generator 104 generates a high precision pulse current; when the pulse amplitude of the bidirectional pulse current signal to be generated is greater than a critical value, the current generator 104 generates a low Precision Pulse current. Thereby, the current generator 104 can generate corresponding pulse currents under different conditions to meet the requirements of different nerve stimulation signals.
  • the threshold value can be set in advance.
  • the amplitude accuracy of the high-precision pulse current and the amplitude accuracy of the low-precision pulse current can also be set in advance.
  • the threshold value can be set to 8 ⁇ A
  • the amplitude accuracy of the high-precision pulse current is 1 ⁇ A/step
  • the amplitude accuracy of the low-precision pulse current is 8 ⁇ A/step.
  • the current generator 104 determines that the amplitude of the bidirectional pulse current signal to be generated is less than or equal to 8 ⁇ A, the current generator 104 generates a high-precision (1 ⁇ A/step) pulse current; when the current generator 104 determines that it is to be generated When the amplitude of the bidirectional pulse current signal is greater than 8 ⁇ A, the current generator 104 generates a low precision (8 ⁇ A/step) pulse current. In this way, the current generator 104 can provide two different precision pulse currents, and when the pulse current required by the ganglion cells or the bipolar cells is small, providing a high-precision pulse current can more accurately stimulate the bipolar cells of the retina. Can provide a more efficient way to stimulate.
  • the current generator 104 when the forward pulse width of the bidirectional pulse current signal is greater than a preset duration and the forward pulse amplitude is less than a critical value, or when the negative pulse width of the bidirectional pulse current signal is greater than a preset duration and the negative pulse amplitude is less than At the critical value, the current generator 104 produces a high precision pulse current.
  • the width of the stimulation pulse current (stimulation time)
  • the mechanism of action is still not fully understood, by prolonging the stimulation pulse width (for example, the negative pulse width), it is more likely to stimulate deeper nerve cells, thereby enabling more Effective nerve stimulation.
  • a wide stimulation pulse can stimulate bipolar cells to the retina more efficiently, thereby providing more effective and precise nerve stimulation.
  • the bidirectional pulse current signal when the negative pulse width of the bidirectional pulse current signal is greater than a preset duration and the negative pulse amplitude is less than a critical value, the bidirectional pulse current signal can more accurately stimulate the bipolar cells of the retina due to bipolar cells in One-to-one correspondence in visual pathways is superior to ganglion cells, so accurate stimulation of bipolar cells can result in a more accurate light perception.
  • the current generator 104 produces high precision The pulse current, precise stimulation of bipolar cells, creates a more accurate light perception, which can provide a more efficient stimulation for the blind.
  • FIG. 9 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a pulse current generation circuit according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a charge compensation circuit according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing a compensation pulse current according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a charge compensation circuit according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the pulse current generation circuit 200 differs from the pulse current generation current 100 according to the first embodiment in that it includes the analog signal receiving device 101, the analog-to-digital converter 102, and the current signal according to the first embodiment.
  • a charge compensation circuit 106 is also included.
  • the present embodiment focuses on the optic nerve stimulation of the implantable retinal electrical stimulator, the present embodiment is not limited to the field of artificial retina, and conversely, the charge compensation circuit 106 according to the present embodiment. It can also be applied to other areas of nerve stimulation such as cochlear implants, deep brain stimulation, cardiac pacemakers, spinal cord stimulators, and the like.
  • the charge compensation circuit 106 for nerve stimulation can be applied to the implantable retinal electrical stimulator shown in FIG.
  • the charge compensation circuit 106 can be located within the implant device 10 shown in FIG. 1 (eg, within the electronic package 11).
  • the pulse current generating circuit 200 may be located in the electronic package 11 shown in FIG.
  • the charge compensation circuit 106 can be used to charge compensate the pulse current generation circuit 200.
  • a charge compensation circuit (also referred to as "active charge compensation circuit") 106 includes a detection circuit 1061, a determination circuit 1062, and a compensation circuit 1063.
  • the detection circuit 1061 can be used to detect the total amount of charge in one stimulation period T of the bidirectional pulse current signal generated by the pulse current generation circuit 200.
  • the determination circuit 1062 can be used to determine whether the total amount of charge detected by the detection circuit 1061 exceeds a safe charge amount.
  • the compensation circuit 1063 can be used to generate a compensated pulse current signal having a net charge amount when the judgment circuit 1062 determines that the total amount of charge exceeds the safe charge amount so that the total amount of charge used for the nerve stimulation is within the safe charge amount.
  • the amount of net charge may be a negatively charged amount of charge or a positively charged amount depending on the amount of compensation required.
  • the bidirectional pulse can be made by setting the pulse current parameter of the bidirectional pulse current signal (for example, the pulse current parameter can include a forward pulse width, a forward pulse amplitude, a negative pulse width, a negative pulse amplitude, a pulse interval, etc.)
  • the pulse current parameter can include a forward pulse width, a forward pulse amplitude, a negative pulse width, a negative pulse amplitude, a pulse interval, etc.
  • the total amount of charge of the current signal during one stimulation period T is within the safe charge amount.
  • the bidirectional pulse current signal generated by the pulse current generating circuit 200 is likely to exceed the safe charge amount due to various factors in a total stimulation period T. In this case, the net charge accumulated by the bidirectional pulse current signal may cause damage to human ocular ganglion cells or bipolar cells.
  • the charge compensation circuit 106 actively compensates for the excess net charge accumulated on the nerve tissue (for example, ganglion cells or bipolar cells), thereby improving the charge balance ability to the stimulus charge and ensuring the safety of the nerve stimulation. And reliability. This serves to protect human neural tissue such as retinal ganglion cells or bipolar cells.
  • the detection circuit 1061 can be used to detect the total amount of charge in one stimulation period T of the bidirectional pulse current signal generated by the pulse current generation circuit 200.
  • the judging circuit 1062 judges whether or not the total amount of electric charge in one stimulation period T of the bidirectional pulse current signal detected by the detecting circuit 1061 exceeds the safe electric charge amount. If the total amount of charge in one stimulation period T of the bidirectional pulse current signal is within the safe charge amount, the compensation circuit 1063 does not operate; if the total amount of charge in one stimulation period T of the bidirectional pulse current signal exceeds the safe charge amount, the compensation Circuitry 1063 generates a compensated pulsed current signal having a net amount of charge such that the total amount of charge for nerve stimulation is within the safe amount of charge.
  • the compensating circuit 1063 when the judging circuit 1062 judges that the total amount of electric charge of the bidirectional pulse current signal in one stimulation period T is a positive electric charge, the compensating circuit 1063 generates a negative current current pulse to use the total amount of electric charge for the nerve stimulation at the safety The amount of charge is within; when the judging circuit 1062 judges that the total amount of electric charge of the bidirectional pulse current signal in one stimulation period T is a negative electric charge, the compensating circuit 1063 generates a forward current pulse to use the total amount of electric charge for the nerve stimulation in the safety Within the amount of charge.
  • the compensation circuit 1063 can actively perform charge compensation. Once the judging circuit 1062 judges that the total amount of electric charge in one stimulation period generated by the pulse current generating circuit 200 detected by the detecting circuit 1061 exceeds the safe electric charge amount, the compensating circuit 1063 Charge compensation can be performed in time to improve charge balance efficiency or ability to ensure the safety of stimulated nerve tissue.
  • the compensation circuit 1063 can generate a compensated pulse current signal having a net charge amount for use in nerve stimulation. The total amount of charge is within the safe charge amount.
  • the compensation circuit 1063 can generate a compensated pulse current signal having a positive net charge amount so that the total charge for the nerve stimulation is made. The amount is within the safe charge amount.
  • the compensating circuit 1063 when the judging circuit 1062 judges that the total amount of charges in one stimulation period T of the bidirectional pulse current signal is a negative charge of -1 ⁇ 10 -7 coulomb, the compensating circuit 1063 generates a positive total amount of charges of 1 ⁇ 10 -7 coulombs.
  • the charge for example, the compensation circuit 1063 can generate a forward pulse having a pulse width of 1 millisecond and a pulse amplitude of 100 microamperes, or the compensation circuit 1063 can generate a pulse width of 10 milliseconds and a pulse amplitude of 10 microamperes.
  • the total amount of charge for nerve stimulation is within the safe charge.
  • the compensating circuit 1063 when the judging circuit 1062 judges that the total amount of electric charge in one stimulation period T of the bidirectional pulse current signal is a positive electric charge of 1 ⁇ 10 -7 coulomb, the compensating circuit 1063 generates a total electric charge of -1 ⁇ 10 -7 coulomb Negative charge (for example, compensation circuit 1063 can generate a negative pulse with a pulse width of 1 millisecond and a pulse amplitude of 100 microamperes, or compensation circuit 1063 can produce a pulse width of 10 milliseconds with a pulse amplitude of 10 microamps. The negative pulse) causes the total amount of charge for nerve stimulation to be within the safe charge amount.
  • the amplitude of the compensated pulse current signal may be lower than a preset amplitude, and the period of the compensated pulse current signal may be less than the period of the bidirectional pulse current signal.
  • the preset amplitude is a minimum current amplitude capable of stimulating nerve tissue (for example, ganglion cells or bipolar cells), by setting the amplitude of the compensation pulse current signal to be lower than a preset amplitude, This can prevent the pulse current signal from compensating for possible false stimulation of nerve tissue (such as ganglion cells or bipolar cells), and inhibiting nervous tissue (such as ganglion cells or bipolar cells) may receive compensation pulse current signals and generate unnecessary Excitement.
  • the period in which the pulse current signal is compensated is compensated for less than the period of the bidirectional pulse current signal.
  • the charge compensation can be performed in a shorter time, and the charge compensation can be quickly performed, for example, by multiple compensation.
  • the waveform of the forward pulse current signal in the bidirectional pulse current signal may be opposite to the waveform of the negative pulse current signal. That is, in the bidirectional pulse current signal, the waveform of the forward pulse current signal has the same waveform shape except that it is inverted from the negative pulse current signal.
  • the detecting circuit 1061 can detect the absolute value of the amount of charge of the forward pulse current signal and the amount of charge of the negative pulse current signal. Then, the judging circuit 1062 judges whether or not the total amount of electric charges exceeds the safe electric charge amount by comparing the electric charge amount of the forward pulse current signal with the absolute value of the electric charge amount of the negative pulse current signal.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a bidirectional pulse current signal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the bidirectional pulse current signal may include a forward pulse signal and a negative direction pulse signal, and the waveform of the forward pulse current signal is opposite to the waveform of the negative pulse current signal.
  • the detecting circuit 1061 can detect the absolute value of the amount of charge of the forward pulse current signal and the amount of charge of the negative pulse current signal.
  • is the absolute value of I2 ⁇ t2.
  • the amount of charge Q1 is equal to the amount of charge Q2, it is determined that the total amount of charges is zero.
  • the amount of charge Q1 and the amount of charge Q2 are not equal, it is determined that the total amount of charge is not zero, wherein when the amount of charge Q1 is greater than the amount of charge Q2, it is determined that the total amount of charge is positive (there is a net positive charge), when the amount of charge When Q1 is smaller than the charge amount Q2, it is determined that the total amount of charge is a negative value (there is a net negative charge).
  • it is only necessary to ensure that the total amount of charges described above is either a net positive charge or a net negative charge within a safe charge amount.
  • the detection circuit 1061 can detect an average of the bidirectional pulse current signals generated by the pulse current generation circuit 200. Specifically, by directly calculating the net charge amount between the negative charge amount and the positive charge amount of the bidirectional pulse current signal, and averaging the net charge amount, the bidirectional generated by the pulse current generating circuit 200 can be obtained. Whether the total charge of the pulse current signal has a net charge. Then, the determining circuit 1062 can determine whether the absolute value of the average value is greater than a preset value, and when the absolute value of the average value is greater than the preset value, the compensation circuit 1063 can generate a compensated pulse current signal having a net charge amount for use in the nerve stimulation. The total amount of charge is within the safe charge.
  • the average value of the bidirectional pulse current signal may be an average current value, an average charge value, or the like of the bidirectional pulse current signal.
  • the preset value may be a preset current value, a preset charge value, or the like.
  • the average of the bi-directional pulsed current signals can be the average current value of the bi-directional pulsed current signals.
  • the compensation circuit 1063 If I a is greater than I', the compensation circuit 1063 generates a compensated pulse current signal having a net charge amount such that the total amount of charge for nerve stimulation is within a safe charge amount; if I a is less than or equal to I', the compensation circuit 1063 does not jobs.
  • the average of the bi-directional pulse current signals can be the average charge value of the bi-directional pulse current signals.
  • the preset charge value be Q'(Q'>0)
  • the decision circuit 1062 can determine whether Q a is greater than Q'. If Q a is greater than Q', the compensation circuit 1063 generates a compensated pulse current signal having a net charge amount such that the total amount of charge used for the nerve stimulation is within the safe charge amount; if Q a is less than or equal to Q', the compensation circuit 1063 does not jobs.
  • the detection circuit 1061 may detect a current average of the bidirectional pulse current signal generated by the pulse current generation circuit 200 and convert the current average value into a voltage average value.
  • the judging circuit 1062 can judge whether or not the absolute value of the voltage average value is greater than a preset voltage value.
  • the compensation circuit 1063 may generate the compensated pulse current signal having the net charge amount so that the total amount of charge used for the nerve stimulation is within the safe charge amount.
  • the current average circuit can be used to convert the current average value into a voltage average value, and the preset voltage value is a safe voltage value.
  • the pulse current generating circuit 200 When the voltage average value is lower than the preset voltage value, the pulse current generating circuit 200 generates The bidirectional pulse current signal does not harm the ganglion cells or bipolar cells of the human body (the safety charge amount is not exceeded), the compensation circuit 1063 does not need to perform charge compensation; when the voltage average value is higher than the preset voltage value, the pulse current generation is indicated.
  • the bidirectional pulse current signal generated by the circuit 200 may cause damage to the ganglion cells or bipolar cells of the human body, and the compensation circuit 1063 generates a compensated pulse current signal having a net charge amount to use the total amount of charge for the nerve stimulation at a safe charge amount.
  • the average value of the detected current can be converted by the detecting circuit 1061 into a voltage average value that the determining circuit 1062 can easily judge (for example, the determining circuit 1062 can use the voltage comparator to determine), and the circuit can be conveniently judged. 1062 judgment Whether or not the compensation circuit 1063 is required for charge compensation is required, and the accuracy of the judgment result of the judgment circuit 1062 can be improved.
  • the compensation circuit 1063 may generate a compensated pulse current signal having a negative value of the net charge amount for use in the nerve The total amount of stimulating charge is within a safe charge amount; when the absolute value of the voltage average value is greater than the preset voltage value, and the voltage average value is a negative value, the compensation circuit 1063 generates a compensated pulse current signal having a positive value of the net charge amount. The total amount of charge used for nerve stimulation is within the safe charge.
  • the detecting circuit 1061 can detect the current average value of the bidirectional pulse current signal generated by the pulse current generating circuit 200, and convert the current average value into a voltage average value.
  • the determining circuit 1062 can determine whether the absolute value of the voltage average value is greater than a preset voltage value. When the absolute value of the voltage average value is greater than the preset voltage value, and the voltage average value is a positive value, the compensation circuit 1063 generates a net with a negative value.
  • the compensation pulse current signal of the charge amount is within a safe charge amount for the total amount of charge used for the nerve stimulation; when the absolute value of the voltage average value is greater than the preset voltage value, and the voltage average value is a negative value, the compensation circuit 1063 is generated The positive value of the net charge amount compensates for the pulse current signal so that the total amount of charge used for the nerve stimulation is within the safe charge amount.
  • the compensation circuit 1063 when the voltage average value is greater than 5 millivolts (ie, the absolute value of the voltage average value is greater than the preset voltage value, and the voltage average value is positive)
  • the compensation circuit 1063 generates a compensated pulse current signal having a negative net charge amount so that the total amount of charge used for the nerve stimulation is within a safe charge amount, for example, the compensation pulse current signal generated by the compensation circuit 1063 is a negative pulse.
  • the compensation circuit 1063 when the voltage average value is less than -5 mV (that is, when the absolute value of the voltage average value is greater than the preset voltage value, and the voltage average value is a negative value), the compensation circuit 1063 generates a net charge amount having a positive value.
  • the pulse current signal is compensated so that the total amount of charge used for the nerve stimulation is within a safe charge amount.
  • the compensation pulse current signal generated by the compensation circuit 1063 is a forward pulse.
  • FIG. 11 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a charge compensation circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the charge compensation circuit 106 may include a detection circuit 1061, a determination circuit 1062, and a compensation circuit 1063.
  • the detection circuit 1061 may specifically include a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, and a capacitor C1. Wherein, the negative electrode of the first capacitor and the first end of the first resistor R1 are connected to the common voltage VSS, and the positive electrode of the first capacitor and the first The second end of the resistor R1 is electrically connected to the second end of the second resistor R2, and the first end of the second resistor R2 is electrically connected to the pulse current generating circuit 200 and the compensation circuit 1063.
  • the determination circuit 1062 may specifically include the first voltage comparator U1 and the second voltage comparator U2.
  • the non-inverting input end of the first voltage comparator U1 and the non-inverting input end of the second voltage comparator U2 are electrically connected to the first end of the second resistor R2, and the inverting input end of the first voltage comparator U1 is connected to the preset positive Voltage VTH+, the inverting input terminal of the second voltage comparator U2 is connected to the preset negative voltage VTH-, and the power supply terminal of the first voltage comparator U1 and the power supply terminal of the second comparator U2 are connected to the power supply voltage VDD, the first The ground terminal of the voltage comparator U1 and the ground terminal of the second comparator U2 are both connected to the common voltage VSS, and the output terminal Out1 of the first voltage comparator U1 is electrically connected to the first control terminal C+ of the compensation circuit 1063, and the second voltage comparator The output terminal Out2 of U2 is electrically connected to the second control terminal C- of the
  • the power supply terminal of the pulse current generating circuit 200 is connected to the power supply voltage VDD, the ground terminal of the pulse current generating circuit 200 is connected to the common voltage VSS, and the output terminal of the pulse current generating circuit 200 is connected to the impedance load 110.
  • the detecting circuit 1061 can detect the total amount of electric charge of the bidirectional pulse current signal generated by the pulse current generating circuit 200 in one stimulation period T and the current average value in one stimulation period T, and average the current in one stimulation period T. Convert to voltage average.
  • the determining circuit 1062 can determine whether the voltage average value is between the preset positive voltage VTH+ and the preset negative voltage VTH-.
  • the compensation circuit 1063 does not need to perform charge compensation; if the above voltage average value is not between the preset positive voltage VTH+ and the preset negative voltage VTH-, the compensation circuit 1063 performs charge compensation to generate a compensated pulse current signal having a net charge amount to use The total amount of charge in the nerve stimulation is within the safe charge.
  • the detection circuit 1061 can be used to detect the total amount of charge of the bidirectional pulse current signal generated by the current generator 104 during one stimulation period T.
  • detection circuit 1061 can be comprised of an integration circuit. The integrating circuit can integrate the electric charge of the bidirectional pulse current signal generated by the current generator 104 in one stimulation period T, thereby obtaining the total amount of electric charge of the bidirectional pulse current signal in one stimulation period T.
  • the compensation circuit 1063 performs charge compensation. That is, when the current average value of the bidirectional pulse current signal is greater than 5 ⁇ 10 -7 mA or less than -5 ⁇ 10 -7 mA, the compensation circuit 1063 performs charge compensation. If the resistance of the second resistor R2 is 10 kohms, the preset positive voltage VTH+ can be 5 millivolts, and the preset negative voltage VTH- is -5 millivolts.
  • the determining circuit 1062 determines that the average value of the voltage exceeds 5 millivolts, the output terminal Out1 of the first voltage comparator U1 outputs a high level, and the output terminal Out2 of the second voltage comparator U2 outputs a high level; when the determining circuit 1062 determines When the average value of the voltage is lower than -5 mV, the output terminal Out1 of the first voltage comparator U1 outputs a low level, and the output terminal Out2 of the second voltage comparator U2 outputs a low level; when the judging circuit 1062 judges the above voltage average When the value is between -5 mV and 5 mV, the output terminal Out1 of the first voltage comparator U1 outputs a low level, and the output terminal Out2 of the second voltage comparator U2 outputs a high level.
  • the compensation pulse current signal outputted from the output terminal of the compensation circuit 1063 is related to the first control terminal C+ of the compensation circuit 1063 and the second control terminal C- of the compensation circuit 1063, see Table 1 below.
  • the first control terminal C+ The second control terminal C- Compensation pulse current signal High level High level Negative pulse Low level Low level Positive pulse Low level High level no
  • the compensation circuit 1063 needs to compensate for the negative pulse.
  • the output terminal Out1 of the first voltage comparator U1 outputs a high level, and the output of the second voltage comparator U2.
  • the terminal Out2 outputs a high level, that is, the first control terminal C+ is at a high level, and the second control terminal C- is at a high level.
  • the compensation pulse current signal generated by the compensation circuit 1063 is a negative pulse.
  • the compensation circuit 1063 needs to compensate for the forward pulse.
  • the output terminal Out1 of the first voltage comparator U1 outputs a low level, and the second voltage is compared.
  • the output terminal Out2 of the device U2 outputs a low level, that is, the first control terminal C+ is low level, and the second control terminal C- is low level.
  • the compensation pulse current signal generated by the compensation circuit 1063 is positive. To the pulse.
  • the compensation circuit 1063 does not need to perform charge compensation, and the output terminal Out1 of the first voltage comparator U1 outputs a low level, the second voltage.
  • the output terminal Out2 of the comparator U2 outputs a high level, that is, the first control terminal C+ is at a low level, and the second control terminal C- is at a high level. As shown in Table 1, the compensation circuit 1063 does not perform charge compensation.
  • FIG. 11 is only a specific charge compensation circuit according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present embodiment is not limited thereto.
  • the specific implementation of the detection circuit 1061, the determination circuit 1062, and the compensation circuit 1063 can be variously modified.
  • the charge compensation method is a charge compensation method for performing charge compensation on the pulse current generation circuit 200, and the pulse current generation circuit 200 generates a bidirectional pulse current for nerve stimulation, and the charge compensation method includes: detection by The total amount of charge in one stimulation period of the bidirectional pulse current signal generated by the pulse current generating circuit 200; determining that the total amount of charge detected by the detecting circuit 1061 is less than or equal to the amount of safe charge; and when the determining circuit 1062 determines that the total amount of charge exceeds the safe charge At the time of the quantity, a compensated pulse current signal having a net charge amount is generated to make the total amount of charge within the safe charge amount.
  • a compensation pulse current signal having a negative compensation amount of charge is generated to make the total amount of charge within a safe charge amount, and when the total charge amount is judged to be negative At the time of the value, a compensated pulse current signal having a positive value of the compensated charge is generated such that the total amount of charge is within the safe charge amount.
  • the compensation circuit 1063 when the determining circuit 1062 determines that the total amount of charge of the bidirectional pulse current signal in one stimulation period T is positive, the compensation circuit 1063 performs negative charge compensation on the bidirectional pulse current signal generated by the current generator 104; The circuit 1062 determines that the total amount of charge of the bidirectional pulse current signal during one stimulation period T is a negative charge, and the compensation circuit 1063 can generate a forward current pulse to positively compensate the bidirectional pulse current signal generated by the current generator 104.
  • the compensation circuit 1063 can preferably adopt a successive approximation charge compensation method, whereby the charge compensation can be performed step by step, and the accuracy of the charge compensation can be improved.
  • the compensation circuit 1063 can generate a small current pulse to perform multiple charge compensation on the bidirectional pulse current signal generated by the current generator 104.
  • the net charge amount of the small current pulse generated by the compensation circuit 1063 may be positive or negative.
  • the charge compensation can be performed step by step using the charge convergence compensation method to improve the accuracy of charge compensation.
  • the detection circuit 1061 can detect the total amount of charge of the bidirectional pulse current signal generated by the pulse current generation circuit 200 during one stimulation period T.
  • the judging circuit 1062 can judge whether the absolute value of the total amount of electric charge of the bidirectional pulse current signal in one stimulation period T is greater than the safe electric quantity, and the judging circuit 1062 judges the absolute value of the total electric charge amount of the bidirectional pulse current signal in one stimulation period T.
  • the compensation circuit 1063 performs partial charge compensation.
  • the compensation circuit 1063 performs partial charge compensation.
  • the partial charge compensation here can be proportional charge compensation, for example, charge compensation according to proportional values of 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%.
  • the compensation circuit 1063 can follow The positive charge compensation is performed at a ratio of 50%, that is, the compensation circuit 1063 can perform positive charge compensation of 5 ⁇ 10 -8 coulombs. Then, the detecting circuit 1061 can continue to detect the total amount of charges accumulated by the pulse current generating circuit 200.
  • the compensation circuit 1063 Positive charge compensation of 3 ⁇ 10 -8 coulomb was performed. Thereafter, the detecting circuit 1061 continues to detect the total amount of charges accumulated by the pulse current generating circuit 200, and when the determining circuit 1062 determines that the total amount of charges accumulated by the pulse current generating circuit 200 exceeds the safe charge amount (5 ⁇ 10 -8 ), the compensation circuit 1063 continues to perform charge compensation in a 50% ratio until the determination circuit 1062 determines that the absolute value of the total amount of charge accumulated by the pulse current generation circuit 200 is within the safe charge amount, the compensation circuit 1063 stops performing charge compensation.
  • the detecting circuit 1061 can continue to detect the total amount of charges accumulated by the pulse current generating circuit 200, that is, the detecting circuit 1061 can be always in the working state and perform detection in real time. Once the amount of charge is detected to be excessive (the absolute value of the total amount of charge generated by the pulse current generating circuit 200 is greater than the amount of safe charge), the compensation circuit 1063 can perform charge compensation.
  • the detection circuit 1061 can detect the total amount of charge of the bidirectional pulse current signal generated by the pulse current generation circuit 200 during one stimulation period T.
  • the judging circuit 1062 can determine whether the total amount of electric charge of the bidirectional pulse current signal in one stimulation period T is Exceeding the amount of safe charge.
  • the compensating circuit 1063 can perform partial electric charge compensation. For example, when the judging circuit 1062 determines that the total amount of electric charge of the bidirectional pulse current signal in one stimulation period T is Q1, and Q1 exceeds the safe electric charge amount, the compensation circuit 1063 can perform partial charge compensation, where the partial charge compensation can be a proportional charge. For compensation, for example, charge compensation is performed at a proportional value of 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%.
  • the positive electric charge replenishment can be performed at a ratio of 50%, that is, the compensating circuit 1063 performs 5 ⁇ 10 -8 Coulomb's negative charge compensation. Then, the detecting circuit 1061 can continue to detect the total amount of charges accumulated by the pulse current generating circuit 200. If the judging circuit 1062 judges that the total amount of charges accumulated by the pulse current generating circuit 200 is a positive charge of 6 ⁇ 10 -8 coulomb, the compensating circuit 1063 can continue the negative electric charge compensation of 3 ⁇ 10 -8 coulomb.
  • the detecting circuit 1061 can continue to detect the total amount of charges accumulated by the pulse current generating circuit 200.
  • the compensating circuit 1063 can continue to perform electric charge compensation at a ratio of 50% until the judging circuit 1062 judges that the pulse current generating circuit 200 cumulatively generates
  • the compensation circuit 1063 may stop performing charge compensation on the pulse current generating circuit 200.
  • the detection circuit 1061 can continue to detect the total amount of charge accumulated by the pulse current generation circuit 200. That is to say, the detecting circuit 1061 can always be in an active state and perform detection in real time. Once the detected amount of charge exceeds the amount of safe charge, the compensation circuit 1063 can perform charge compensation.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un circuit de génération de courant impulsionnel (100) pour stimulation neuronale, comprenant : un appareil de réception de signal analogique (101) pour la réception d'un signal analogique ; un convertisseur analogique-numérique (102) pour la conversion du signal analogique en un signal de commande numérique ; un contrôleur de signal de courant (103) pour la production, en fonction du signal de commande numérique, de paramètres de courant impulsionnel en vue de la génération d'un signal de courant pulsé bidirectionnel ; et un générateur de courant (104) pour la génération, en fonction des paramètres de courant impulsionnel, d'un signal de courant pulsé bidirectionnel pour stimulation neuronale, le générateur de courant pouvant générer des courants impulsionnels de différentes précisions en fonction des paramètres de courant impulsionnel. Selon le circuit de génération de courant impulsionnel, un effet de stimulation plus efficace peut être généré, et une exigence de traitement plus élevée, telle qu'une optimisation d'algorithme de stimulation, peut être adaptée au niveau matériel. De plus, la présente invention concerne en outre un circuit de compensation de charge, un procédé de compensation de charge et un stimulateur de rétine électrique implantable utilisant le circuit de génération de courant impulsionnel ou le circuit de compensation de charge.
PCT/CN2017/104678 2016-09-30 2017-09-29 Circuit de génération de courant impulsionnel pour stimulation neuronale, circuit et procédé de compensation de charge, et stimulateur de rétine électrique implantable WO2018059568A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US16/337,920 US11097105B2 (en) 2016-09-30 2017-09-29 Pulse current generation circuit for neural stimulation, charge compensation circuit and method, and implantable electrical retina stimulator
US17/445,214 US11998741B2 (en) 2016-09-30 2021-08-17 Charge compensation circuit for neural stimulation
US17/445,215 US20220032057A1 (en) 2016-09-30 2021-08-17 Pulse current generation circuit

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

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CN201610879293.4 2016-09-30
CN201610875326.8A CN106390285B (zh) 2016-09-30 2016-09-30 电荷补偿电路、电荷补偿方法及人工视网膜系统
CN201610875326.8 2016-09-30
CN201610879293.4A CN106267560B (zh) 2016-09-30 2016-09-30 用于神经刺激的脉冲电流产生电路及人工视网膜系统

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US17/445,214 Continuation US11998741B2 (en) 2016-09-30 2021-08-17 Charge compensation circuit for neural stimulation
US17/445,215 Continuation US20220032057A1 (en) 2016-09-30 2021-08-17 Pulse current generation circuit

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US20060004424A1 (en) * 2004-06-04 2006-01-05 University Of Southern California Charge-metered biomedical stimulator
CN1849993A (zh) * 2006-05-18 2006-10-25 上海交通大学 人工视觉仿真与实验系统
CN103170058A (zh) * 2011-12-23 2013-06-26 重庆融海超声医学工程研究中心有限公司 一种电针系统及其电针和终端控制器
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US20220032056A1 (en) 2022-02-03
US20190224483A1 (en) 2019-07-25
US20220032057A1 (en) 2022-02-03

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