WO2018058808A1 - 线性振动马达以及电子设备 - Google Patents

线性振动马达以及电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018058808A1
WO2018058808A1 PCT/CN2016/110774 CN2016110774W WO2018058808A1 WO 2018058808 A1 WO2018058808 A1 WO 2018058808A1 CN 2016110774 W CN2016110774 W CN 2016110774W WO 2018058808 A1 WO2018058808 A1 WO 2018058808A1
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Prior art keywords
pole core
vibration motor
coil
hole
linear vibration
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PCT/CN2016/110774
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
臧伟晔
朱跃光
王斌
刘春发
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Goertek Inc
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Goertek Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K33/00—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system
    • H02K33/12—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system with armatures moving in alternate directions by alternate energisation of two coil systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of vibration motor technology, and more particularly to a linear vibration motor and an electronic device to which the vibration motor is applied.
  • Existing linear vibration motors generally include a vibrator, a stator, and a spring.
  • the vibrator includes a magnet, a weight, and a washer.
  • the stator includes a housing, a core, and a coil assembly. The coil assembly is sleeved on the periphery of the core. The role of the washer and the core is to concentrate the magnetic lines of force to increase the strength of the magnetic field.
  • the existing vibration motor has a technical problem of small driving force and slow vibration response.
  • the existing housing structure is not conducive to magnetic conduction, and the verticality of the pole core and the housing cannot be ensured, which is liable to cause product defects.
  • a linear vibration motor includes a stator assembly including a pole core, a coil assembly, and a housing having a cavity, the housing being a magnetically permeable material, the housing including a top portion and a bottom portion opposite the top portion, The top, the pole core is fixedly coupled to the bottom, the pole core is located between the top and the bottom, and a first fixing portion for connecting the pole core is disposed on the top Provided on the bottom portion with a second fixing portion for connecting the pole core, the pole core including a magnetic pole located at a middle portion of the pole core in a vibration direction and protruding from an outer surface of the pole core, The coil assembly is sleeved on an outer surface of the pole core, the coil assembly is separated by the magnetic pole into a first coil and a second coil, and the current direction of the first coil and the second coil is opposite; And a vibrator assembly including an elastic member, a permanent magnet disposed around the coil assembly, and a weight portion
  • the housing includes upper and lower shells joined together, the top being located on the upper shell and the bottom being located on the lower shell.
  • the first fixing portion includes a first recess portion located at the top portion and recessed into the cavity
  • the second fixing portion includes a second recess located at the bottom portion and recessed into the cavity body
  • the first recessed portion is disposed opposite to the second recessed portion, and the pole core is sandwiched between the first recessed portion and the second recessed portion.
  • the first fixing portion includes a first through hole disposed on the top portion
  • the second fixing portion includes a second through hole disposed on the bottom portion, the first through hole and the first through hole
  • the second through holes are oppositely disposed, one end of the pole core is inserted into the first through hole, and the other end of the pole core is inserted into the second through hole.
  • an interference fit is formed between the pole core and the first through hole and between the pole core and the second through hole.
  • the first fixing portion includes a third recess portion at the top portion and recessed into the cavity
  • the second fixing portion includes a third through hole disposed on the bottom portion, the pole One end of the core is fixedly coupled to the third recess and the other end is inserted into the third through hole.
  • the first fixing portion includes a fourth through hole disposed on the top portion
  • the second fixing portion includes a fourth recess portion at the bottom portion and recessed into the cavity, the pole One end of the core is fixedly coupled to the fourth recess and the other end is inserted into the fourth through hole.
  • the upper and lower shells are made of iron, cobalt or nickel.
  • the housing is circular or rectangular and the pole core is fixed at the geometric center of the top and the bottom.
  • an electronic device includes the linear vibration motor described above.
  • the vibration motor has a technical problem of small driving force and slow vibration response.
  • the existing housing structure is not conducive to magnetic conduction and cannot be guaranteed.
  • the verticality of the core is easy to cause bad products. Therefore, the technical task to be achieved by the present invention or the technical problem to be solved is not thought of or expected by those skilled in the art, so the present invention is a new technical solution.
  • the linear vibration motor provided by the present invention has a housing made of a magnetic material, and the top and the bottom are connected to the two ends of the pole core through the first fixing portion and the second fixing portion, respectively, so that the top and the bottom are magnetic, the top and the bottom A magnetic force is formed between the bottom and the permanent magnet respectively, which increases the driving force of the vibrator assembly and improves the vibration effect of the linear vibration motor.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a linear vibration motor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of another linear vibration motor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of a pole core according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a partial schematic view of another stator assembly of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 11 upper shell; 12: spiral spring; 13: annular elastic pad; 14: tungsten steel block; 15: first washer; 16: first coil; 17: ring magnet; 18: pole core; Second Huasi; 20: FPCB; 21: sheet damping; 22: second coil; 23: magnetic pole; 25: lower shell; 26: first recess; 27: second recess; 28: first through hole ; 29: second through hole.
  • the linear vibration motor includes a stator assembly and a vibrator assembly.
  • the stator assembly includes a housing, a pole core 18, and a coil assembly.
  • the housing has a cavity and is a magnetically permeable material.
  • the housing includes a top and a bottom opposite the top. The top, pole core and bottom are fixedly connected together, and the pole core 18 is located between the top and the bottom.
  • a first fixing portion for connecting the pole cores 18 is provided on the top, and a second fixing portion for connecting the pole cores 18 is provided on the bottom portion.
  • the pole core 18 and the coil assembly are located within the cavity.
  • the housing in order to facilitate the disassembly and assembly of the linear vibration motor, is configured to include an upper case 11 and a lower case 25.
  • the upper case 11 and the lower case 25 are connected to each other.
  • the two are connected to each other in a snap-fit manner. It is also possible, for example, to connect the two to each other with an adhesive.
  • a cavity is formed inside the upper case 11 and the lower case 25.
  • the top is located on the upper casing 11, and the bottom is on the lower casing 25.
  • FPCB20 Flexible Printed Circuit Board
  • the coil assembly is electrically connected to an external circuit through the FPCB 20.
  • the external circuit can also be electrically connected to the lead of the coil by means of a cable.
  • the pole core 18 is used to concentrate the electromagnetic field generated by the coil assembly.
  • the pole core 18 is circular, and includes a magnetic pole 23 located at a central portion of the pole core 18 in the vibration direction and protruding from the outer surface of the pole core 18.
  • the shape of the pole core 18 is similar to a cross shape.
  • the magnetic pole 23 is used to overflow the electromagnetic field after the coil assembly is energized.
  • the direction of vibration is the direction in which the vibrator assembly operates.
  • the axial direction of the pole core 18 and the coil assembly is parallel to the direction of vibration.
  • the pole core can also be arranged in a square shape, as shown in Fig. 4, in which the coil assembly and the first washer and the second washer are both arranged in a square shape.
  • the coil assembly is sleeved over the outer surface of the pole core 18.
  • the coil assembly generates an electromagnetic field in response to an electrical signal from an external circuit.
  • the coil assembly is divided by the magnetic pole 23 into a first coil 16 and a second coil 22.
  • the current directions of the first coil 16 and the second coil 22 are opposite. This allows the first coil and the second received magnetic field force to be in the same direction.
  • the first coil 16 and the second coil 22 are wound from the same wire.
  • the first coil 16 is wound clockwise and the second coil 22 is wound counterclockwise (top view from the top). In this case, the first coil 16 and the second coil 22 are connected in series. The two coils share a pair of leads.
  • first coil 16 and the second coil 22 are respectively wound, as long as the two coils are wound in opposite directions.
  • the leads of the first coil 16 and the second coil 22 are connected to the FPCB 20, respectively.
  • the number of turns of the first coil 16 and the second coil 22 are equal. This configuration allows the strengths of the electromagnetic fields generated by the two coils to be equal and the magnetic forces of the two coils to be equal.
  • the vibrator assembly includes a resilient member, a permanent magnet disposed about the coil assembly, and a weight portion disposed about the permanent magnet.
  • the permanent magnet is axially magnetized. After the coil assembly is energized, a magnetic force is formed between the coil assembly, the magnetic pole, the top and the bottom, and the permanent magnet, respectively, and the vibrator assembly is suspended in the cavity by the elastic member.
  • the linear vibration motor provided by the present invention has a housing made of a magnetic material, and the top and the bottom are connected to both ends of the pole core 18 through the first fixing portion and the second fixing portion, respectively. This makes the top and bottom magnetic, and the top and bottom respectively form a magnetic force with the permanent magnet, which increases the driving force of the vibrator assembly and improves the vibration effect of the linear vibration motor.
  • first fixing portion and the second fixing portion are fixed to the pole core 18, and the perpendicularity of the pole core 18 and the housing is effectively ensured.
  • top and bottom are magnetically permeable materials, effectively reducing magnetic flux leakage.
  • a magnetic force is formed between the magnetic pole located in the middle of the pole core 18 and the permanent magnet, which further increases the driving force of the vibrator assembly and improves the vibration effect of the linear vibration motor.
  • a "magnet spring” is formed between the permanent magnet and the top, bottom and magnetic poles.
  • the magnetic spring that is, the magnitude of the magnetic force, is similar to the spring force of the spring and increases as the deviation from the equilibrium position increases.
  • the elastic modulus of the magnetic spring is opposite to the elastic modulus of the elastic piece. This can reduce the f 0 (lowest resonance frequency) of the vibration system, improve the seismic experience, or increase the strength of the elastic element while keeping f 0 constant, and improve the stability of the linear vibration motor.
  • the weight portion is used to increase the inertia of the vibrator assembly to increase the amplitude of the vibration motor.
  • the weight portion may be, but not limited to, a tungsten steel block 14.
  • Permanent magnets are used to form a uniform magnetic field.
  • Permanent magnets can be, but are not limited to, ferrite magnets and crucibles Iron boron magnet.
  • the permanent magnet in order to increase the strength of the magnetic field and make the strength of the magnetic field uniform, the permanent magnet is configured as a ring magnet 17.
  • the permanent magnets can also consist of a plurality of discrete magnets.
  • a plurality of magnets are evenly distributed around the coil assembly to ensure equalization of the magnetic field forces experienced by the coil assembly.
  • a plurality of magnets have the same polarity. For example, one end of the plurality of magnets close to the upper case 11 is an N pole, and one end near the lower case 25 is an S pole.
  • the permanent magnet includes a first end and a second end which are disposed opposite to each other in the axial direction.
  • the direction of the axis is parallel to the direction of vibration.
  • a first washer 15 is disposed at the first end.
  • a second washer 19 is disposed at the second end. The first washer 15 and the second washer 19 are used to form a magnetic shield to concentrate the magnetic lines of the permanent magnet to further increase the strength of the magnetic field.
  • the permanent magnet is axially magnetized.
  • the axial magnetization that is, the direction of the magnetic lines of force, is along the axis of the permanent magnet.
  • one end of the ring magnet 17 near the upper case 11 is an N pole
  • one end of the ring magnet 17 near the lower case 25 is an S pole.
  • the polarity of the washer is the same as the polarity of the permanent magnet that is close to it. It can be seen that the polarity of the first washer 15 is N pole, and the polarity of the second washer 19 is S pole.
  • the permanent magnets are placed around the coil assembly.
  • a magnetic gap is formed between the permanent magnet and the coil assembly. It is preferable that the middle portion of the permanent magnet in the vibration direction corresponds to the position of the magnetic pole 23. Since the middle portion of the permanent magnet corresponds to the position of the magnetic pole 23, when the coil assembly is energized, the attraction of the first washer 15 to which the magnetic pole 23 is received is equal to the attraction force of the second washer 19 to which the magnetic pole 23 is received. The two attractive forces are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction so that the vibrator assembly is balanced.
  • the elastic member is used to support the permanent magnet, the weight portion, and the like to suspend the vibrator assembly in the cavity.
  • the spring element is used to provide spring force to the vibrator assembly.
  • the elastic force is in the direction of vibration. This spring force returns the vibrator assembly to an initial position relative to the stator assembly, and the spring force limits the amplitude of the vibrator assembly to prevent the vibrator assembly from colliding with the housing.
  • the elastic element is a spiral elastic piece 12, a U-shaped elastic piece or an L-shaped elastic piece, etc., as long as the elastic force can be provided.
  • a damping member is provided at a position corresponding to the weight portion (for example, the tungsten steel block 14) at the bottom.
  • the damping member can be, but not limited to, rubber, silicone, sponge or foam.
  • the tungsten steel block 14 is square. The four sides of the tungsten steel block 14 protrude from the lower surface.
  • the damping member can then be, for example, four sheet dampings 21.
  • the sheet damping 21 is provided on the lower case 25 by bonding. Four sheet dampings 21 are respectively disposed at positions corresponding to the four corners of the tungsten steel block 14.
  • the tungsten steel block 14 The areas where the permanent magnets are joined form a flange-like annular projection.
  • the annular projection is located on the upper surface of the tungsten steel block 14.
  • the damper member is configured as an annular spring pad 13 and is disposed on the annular projection.
  • the annular spacer may also be disposed at a position of the upper casing 11 corresponding to the annular projection.
  • the damper member is arranged to effectively buffer the impact force of the vibrator assembly and the housing, thereby improving the service life of the linear vibration motor. And the damper member can effectively reduce the noise caused by the collision.
  • Figure 1 shows an embodiment of the linear vibration motor of the present invention.
  • the first securing portion includes a first recess 26 at the top and recessed into the cavity.
  • the second fixing portion includes a second recess 27 at the bottom and recessed into the cavity.
  • the first recessed portion 26 is disposed opposite to the second recessed portion 27.
  • the pole core 18 is sandwiched between the first recessed portion 26 and the second recessed portion 27.
  • the first recessed portion 26 and the second recessed portion 27 serve as a fixed support for the pole core 18, enhancing the stiffness of the stator assembly, meeting mechanical reliability requirements, and making the pole core 18 perpendicular to the bottom or top.
  • the top and bottom of the magnetically permeable material can better gather the magnetic induction line, reduce the amount of magnetic leakage, and improve the driving force.
  • the shape and size of the first recessed portion 26 and the second recessed portion 27 can be set according to actual needs.
  • the housing is circular or rectangular and the pole core 18 is secured at the geometric center of the top and bottom. This way the magnetic force between the top and bottom of the housing and the permanent magnets is more uniform.
  • the housing includes an upper case 11 and a lower case 25, and the upper case 11 and the lower case 25 are made of iron, cobalt or nickel.
  • the first recessed portion 26 and the second recessed portion 27 are formed by press forming using a plate material.
  • Fig. 2 shows another embodiment of the linear vibration motor of the present invention.
  • the first fixing portion includes a first through hole 28 provided on the top.
  • the second fixing portion includes a second through hole 29 provided on the bottom.
  • the first through hole 28 is disposed opposite to the second through hole 29.
  • One end of the pole core 18 is inserted into the first through hole 28, and the other end of the pole core 18 is inserted into the second through hole 29.
  • This configuration facilitates the mounting of the pole core 18.
  • the perpendicularity of the core assembly can be ensured by ensuring the concentricity of the upper case 11 and the lower case 25. This structure simplifies the process assembly and meets the mass production of linear vibration motors.
  • an interference fit is formed between the pole core 18 and the first through hole 28 and between the pole core 18 and the second through hole 29.
  • the housing can be set to be circular or rectangular, and can be formed by stamping.
  • the upper case 11 and the lower case 25 are formed.
  • the pole core 18 is disposed at the geometric center of the upper case 11 and the lower case 25.
  • the present invention also provides yet another embodiment, in which the first fixing portion includes a third recess portion at the top and recessed into the cavity.
  • the second fixing portion includes a third through hole provided on the bottom. One end of the pole core 18 is fixedly coupled to the third recess and the other end is inserted into the third through hole.
  • the first fixing portion may include a fourth through hole disposed on the top portion
  • the second fixing portion includes a fourth recess portion located at the bottom portion and recessed into the cavity body, and one end of the pole core 18 is fixedly connected to the fourth recess portion. Together and the other end is inserted into the fourth through hole.
  • the casing may be provided in a circular shape or a rectangular shape, and the upper casing 11 and the lower casing 25 may be formed by press forming.
  • the pole core 18 is disposed at the geometric center of the upper case 11 and the lower case 25.
  • the present invention also provides an electronic device.
  • the electronic device includes the linear vibration motor described above.
  • the electronic device can be, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a wearable device, a walkie-talkie, and the like.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)

Abstract

一种线性振动马达以及电子设备。该振动马达包括定子组件和振子组件，定子组件包括极芯（18）、线圈组件和壳体，壳体包括位于上壳（11）上的顶部和位于下壳（25）上的底部，顶部设有用于连接极芯（18）的第一固定部（26，28），底部设有用于连接极芯（18）的第二固定部（27，29），极芯（18）包括位于极芯（18）的沿振动方向的中部且凸出于极芯（18）外表面的磁极（23），线圈组件套设在极芯（18）的外表面上且被磁极（23）分隔为电流方向相反的第一线圈（16）和第二线圈（22），振子组件包括永磁体（17），线圈组件、磁极（23）、顶部和底部分别与永磁体（17）之间形成磁力，振子组件通过弹性元件（12）悬置在腔体中。该振动马达具有良好的振动效果。

Description

线性振动马达以及电子设备 技术领域
本发明涉及振动马达技术领域，更具体地，涉及一种线性振动马达以及应用了该振动马达的电子设备。
背景技术
现有的线性振动马达一般包括振子、定子和弹片。振子包括磁铁、配重部和华司。定子包括壳体、铁芯和线圈组件。线圈组件套设在铁芯外围。华司以及铁芯的作用是集中磁力线以提高磁场强度。
工作时，磁力线穿过线圈组件，产生洛伦兹力来驱动振子振动。现有振动马达存在驱动力小、振动响应慢的技术问题。此外，现有的壳体结构单一不利于导磁，并且无法保证极芯与壳体的垂直度，易造成产品不良。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种线性振动马达的新技术方案。
根据本发明的第一方面，提供了一种线性振动马达。该振动马达包括：定子组件，所述定子组件包括极芯、线圈组件以及具有腔体的壳体，所述壳体为导磁性材料，所述壳体包括顶部和与所述顶部相对的底部，所述顶部、所述极芯与所述底部固定连接在一起，所述极芯位于所述顶部和所述底部之间，在所述顶部上设置有用于连接所述极芯的第一固定部，在所述底部上设置有用于连接所述极芯的第二固定部，所述极芯包括位于所述极芯的沿振动方向的中部且凸出于所述极芯的外表面的磁极，所述线圈组件被套设在所述极芯的外表面上，所述线圈组件被所述磁极分隔为第一线圈和第二线圈，所述第一线圈与所述第二线圈的电流方向相反；以及振子组件，所述振子组件包括弹性元件、围绕所述线圈组件设置的永磁体以及被设置在所述永磁体上的配重部，所述永磁体为轴向充磁，在所述线圈组件 通电后，所述线圈组件、所述磁极、所述顶部和所述底部分别与所述永磁体之间形成磁力，所述振子组件通过所述弹性元件悬置在腔体中。
可选地，所述壳体包括连接在一起的上壳和下壳，所述顶部位于所述上壳上，所述底部位于所述下壳上。
可选地，所述第一固定部包括位于所述顶部并且向所述腔体内凹陷的第一凹陷部，所述第二固定部包括位于所述底部并且向所述腔体内凹陷的第二凹陷部，所述第一凹陷部与所述第二凹陷部相对设置，所述极芯被夹在所述第一凹陷部与所述第二凹陷部之间。
可选地，所述第一固定部包括设置在所述顶部上的第一通孔，所述第二固定部包括设置在所述底部上的第二通孔，所述第一通孔与所述第二通孔相对设置，所述极芯的一端插入所述第一通孔中，所述极芯的另一端插入所述第二通孔中。
可选地，所述极芯与所述第一通孔之间以及所述极芯与所述第二通孔之间形成过盈配合。
可选地，所述第一固定部包括位于所述顶部并且向所述腔体内凹陷的第三凹陷部，所述第二固定部包括设置在所述底部上的第三通孔，所述极芯的一端与所述第三凹陷部固定连接在一起并且另一端插入所述第三通孔中。
可选地，所述第一固定部包括设置在所述顶部上的第四通孔，所述第二固定部包括位于所述底部并且向所述腔体内凹陷的第四凹陷部，所述极芯的一端与所述第四凹陷部固定连接在一起并且另一端插入所述第四通孔中。
可选地，所述上壳和所述下壳由铁、钴或者镍制作而成。
可选地，所述壳体为圆形或者矩形，所述极芯被固定在所述顶部和所述底部的几何中心处。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供一种电子设备。该电子设备包括上述线性振动马达。
本发明的发明人发现，在现有技术中，振动马达存在驱动力小、振动响应慢的技术问题，此外，现有的壳体结构单一不利于导磁，并且无法保 证极芯的垂直度，易造成产品不良。因此，本发明所要实现的技术任务或者所要解决的技术问题是本领域技术人员从未想到的或者没有预期到的，故本发明是一种新的技术方案。
本发明提供的线性振动马达，壳体为导磁性材料，并且顶部和底部分别通过第一固定部和第二固定部与极芯的两端连接在一起，这样使得顶部和底部具有磁性，顶部和底部分别与永磁体之间形成磁力，该磁力增大了振子组件的驱动力，提高了线性振动马达的振动效果。
通过以下参照附图对本发明的示例性实施例的详细描述，本发明的其它特征及其优点将会变得清楚。
附图说明
被结合在说明书中并构成说明书的一部分的附图示出了本发明的实施例，并且连同其说明一起用于解释本发明的原理。
图1：本发明实施例的线性振动马达的结构示意图。
图2：本发明实施例的另一种线性振动马达的结构示意图。
图3：本发明实施例的极芯的结构示意图。
图4：本发明实施例的另一种定子组件的局部示意图。
图中，11：上壳；12：螺旋弹片；13：环形弹垫；14：钨钢块；15：第一华司；16：第一线圈；17：环形磁铁；18：极芯；19：第二华司；20：FPCB；21：片状阻尼；22：第二线圈；23：磁极；25：下壳；26：第一凹陷部；27：第二凹陷部；28：第一通孔；29：第二通孔。
具体实施方式
现在将参照附图来详细描述本发明的各种示例性实施例。应注意到：除非另外具体说明，否则在这些实施例中阐述的部件和步骤的相对布置、数字表达式和数值不限制本发明的范围。
以下对至少一个示例性实施例的描述实际上仅仅是说明性的，决不作为对本发明及其应用或使用的任何限制。
对于相关领域普通技术人员已知的技术、方法和设备可能不作详细讨 论，但在适当情况下，所述技术、方法和设备应当被视为说明书的一部分。
在这里示出和讨论的所有例子中，任何具体值应被解释为仅仅是示例性的，而不是作为限制。因此，示例性实施例的其它例子可以具有不同的值。
应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步讨论。
本发明提供了一种线性振动马达。如图1和2所示，该线性振动马达包括定子组件和振子组件。定子组件包括壳体、极芯18以及线圈组件。壳体具有腔体并且为导磁性材料。壳体包括顶部和与顶部相对的底部。顶部、极芯与底部固定连接在一起，极芯18位于顶部和底部之间。在顶部上设置有用于连接极芯18的第一固定部，在底部上设置有用于连接极芯18的第二固定部。极芯18和线圈组件位于腔体内。
在一个例子中，如图1和2所示，为了使线性振动马达的拆装方便，壳体被配置为包括上壳11和下壳25。上壳11和下壳25相互连接在一起。例如，采用扣合的方式将二者相互连接。还可以是，例如，采用粘结剂将二者相互连接。在上壳11和下壳25的内部形成腔体。顶部位于上壳11上，底部为与下壳25上。在底部上还设置有FPCB20(柔性线路板，Flexible Printed Circuit Board)。线圈组件通过FPCB20与外部电路电性连接。当然，也可以采用线缆的方式将外部电路与线圈的引线电性连接。
极芯18用于集中线圈组件产生的电磁场。如图3所示，极芯18为圆形，其包括位于极芯18的沿振动方向的中部且凸出于极芯18的外表面的磁极23。极芯18的形状类似于十字形。该磁极23用于在线圈组件通电后使电磁场溢出。振动方向即振子组件工作时的方向。极芯18和线圈组件的轴线方向与振动方向平行。极芯还可以设置为方形，如图4所示，在该结构中线圈组件以及第一华司和第二华司都被设置为方形。
如图2和3所示，线圈组件被套设在极芯18的外表面上。线圈组件响应于来自外部电路的电信号而产生电磁场。线圈组件被磁极23分隔为第一线圈16和第二线圈22。第一线圈16与第二线圈22的电流方向相反。 这样可以使第一线圈和第二受到的磁场力的方向相同。在一个例子中，第一线圈16和第二线圈22由同一根导线绕制而成。例如，第一线圈16为顺时针绕制，第二线圈22为逆时针绕制(从顶部俯视)。在这种情况下，第一线圈16和第二线圈22为串联。两个线圈共用一对引线。例如，还可以是第一线圈16和第二线圈22分别绕制而成，只要保证两个线圈绕制方向相反即可。第一线圈16和第二线圈22的引线分别连接到FPCB20上。优选的是，第一线圈16和第二线圈22的匝数相等。这种配置方式可以使两个线圈产生的电磁场的强度大小相等，并且两个线圈受到的磁场力大小相等。
如图1和2所示，振子组件包括弹性元件、围绕线圈组件设置的永磁体以及围绕永磁体设置的配重部。永磁体为轴向充磁，在线圈组件通电后，线圈组件、磁极、顶部和底部分别与永磁体之间形成磁力，振子组件通过弹性元件悬置在腔体中。
本发明提供的线性振动马达，壳体为导磁性材料，并且顶部和底部分别通过第一固定部和第二固定部与极芯18的两端连接在一起。这样使得顶部和底部具有磁性，顶部和底部分别与永磁体之间形成磁力，该磁力增大了振子组件的驱动力，提高了线性振动马达的振动效果。
此外，第一固定部和第二固定部与极芯18形成固定，有效地保证极芯18与壳体的垂直度。
此外，顶部和底部为导磁性材料，有效地减少了漏磁。
此外，位于极芯18中部的磁极与永磁体之间形成磁力，该磁力进一步增大了振子组件的驱动力，提高了线性振动马达的振动效果。
此外，永磁体与顶部、底部以及磁极之间形成“磁弹簧”。磁弹簧即磁力的大小类似于弹簧的弹力，随着偏离平衡位置的增大而增大。该磁弹簧的弹性系数与弹片的弹性系数方向相反。由此可以减低振动系统的f0(最低共振频率),提高震感体验，或者保持f0不变的情况下增加了弹性元件的强度，提升了线性振动马达的稳定性。
配重部用于增大振子组件的惯性，以增大振动马达的振幅。配重部可以是但不局限于钨钢块14。
永磁体用于形成匀强磁场。永磁体可以是但不局限于铁氧体磁铁和钕 铁硼磁铁。在一个例子中，为了提高磁场强度并使磁场强度均匀，永磁体被配置为环形磁铁17。当然，永磁体也可以由多个离散的磁铁组成。优选的是，多个磁铁围绕线圈组件均匀分布，以保证线圈组件受到的磁场力均衡。在该结构中，多个磁铁具有相同的极性。例如，多个磁铁的靠近上壳11的一端均为N极，靠近下壳25的一端均为S极。
如图1或者2所示，永磁体包括沿轴线方向上且相对设置的第一端和第二端。轴线方向与振动方向平行。在第一端设置有第一华司15。在第二端设置有第二华司19。第一华司15和第二华司19用于形成磁屏蔽，以将永磁体的磁力线进行集中，使磁场强度进一步提高。在本发明中，永磁体为轴向充磁。轴向充磁即磁力线的方向沿永磁体的轴线方向。例如，环形磁铁17的靠近上壳11的一端为N极，环形磁铁17的靠近下壳25的一端为S极。华司的极性和与其靠近的永磁体的极性相同。由此可知，第一华司15的极性为N极，第二华司19的极性为S极。
永磁体围绕线圈组件设置。永磁体与线圈组件之间形成磁间隙。优选的是，永磁体的沿振动方向上的中部与磁极23的位置相对应。由于永磁体的中部与磁极23的位置相对应，因此当线圈组件通电时，磁极23受到的第一华司15的吸引力等于磁极23受到的第二华司19的吸引力。该两个吸引力大小相等，方向相反，这样振子组件受力平衡。
弹性元件用于支承永磁体和配重部等，以使振子组件悬置在腔体中。弹性元件用于向振子组件提供弹力。该弹力沿振动方向。该弹力使振子组件返回到相对于定子组件的初始位置，并且该弹力限制了振子组件的振幅，以防止振子组件碰撞到壳体上。可选的是，弹性元件为螺旋弹片12、U形弹片或者L形弹片等，只要能提供弹力即可。
为了缓冲振子组件的振动，以防止振子组件与壳体发生碰撞，在一个例子中，在底部的与配重部(例如钨钢块14)相对应的位置设置有阻尼件。阻尼件可以是但不局限于橡胶、硅胶、海绵或者泡棉。例如，钨钢块14为方形。钨钢块14的四个边凸出于下表面。则阻尼件可以是，例如四个片状阻尼21。片状阻尼21通过粘接的方式设置在下壳25上。4个片状阻尼21分别设置在与钨钢块14的四个角相对应的位置上。例如，钨钢块14的与 永磁体连接的区域形成法兰状的环形凸起。该环形凸起位于钨钢块14的上表面。例如，阻尼件被配置为环形弹垫13，且设置在环形凸起上。当然，环形垫片也可以设置在上壳11的与环形凸起相对应的位置上。阻尼件的设置可以有效地缓冲振子组件与壳体的碰撞力，进而提高线性振动马达的使用寿命。并且阻尼件可以有效地降低由碰撞带来的噪音。
图1示出了本发明的线性振动马达的一个实施例。在该实施例中，第一固定部包括位于顶部并且向腔体内凹陷的第一凹陷部26。第二固定部包括位于底部并且向腔体内凹陷的第二凹陷部27。第一凹陷部26与第二凹陷部27相对设置。极芯18被夹在第一凹陷部26与第二凹陷部27之间。第一凹陷部26和第二凹陷部27对极芯18起到固定支撑的作用，增强定子组件的刚度，满足机械类可靠性要求，并使极芯18与底部或者顶部垂直。并且，导磁性材料的顶部和底部可以更好地聚拢磁感线，减少漏磁量，提高驱动力。第一凹陷部26和第二凹陷部27的形状和大小可以根据实际需要进行设置。
为了便于加工，壳体为圆形或者矩形，极芯18被固定在顶部和底部的几何中心处。这种方式可以使壳体的顶部和底部与永磁体之间的磁力更均匀。在一个例子中，壳体包括上壳11和下壳25，上壳11和下壳25由铁、钴或者镍制作而成。采用板材通过冲压成型的方式形成第一凹陷部26和第二凹陷部27。
图2示出了本发明的线性振动马达的另一个实施例。在该实施例中，第一固定部包括设置在顶部上的第一通孔28。第二固定部包括设置在底部上的第二通孔29。第一通孔28与第二通孔29相对设置。极芯18的一端插入第一通孔28中，极芯18的另一端插入第二通孔29中。这种结构便于极芯18的安装。在装配过程中，可以通过确保上壳11和下壳25同心度来保证铁芯装配的垂直度。该结构简化工艺装配，满足线性振动马达的可量产性。
为了使连接更加牢固，在一个例子中，极芯18与第一通孔28之间以及极芯18与第二通孔29之间形成过盈配合。
同样地，壳体可以被设置为圆形或者矩形，可以采用冲压成型的方式 来形成上壳11和下壳25。极芯18设置在上壳11和下壳25的几何中心处。
本发明还提供了又一个实施例，在该例子中，第一固定部包括位于顶部并且向腔体内凹陷的第三凹陷部。第二固定部包括设置在底部上的第三通孔。极芯18的一端与第三凹陷部固定连接在一起并且另一端插入第三通孔中。
当然，也可以是第一固定部包括设置在顶部上的第四通孔，第二固定部包括位于底部并且向腔体内凹陷的第四凹陷部，极芯18的一端与第四凹陷部固定连接在一起并且另一端插入第四通孔中。
同样地，壳体可以被设置为圆形或者矩形，可以采用冲压成型的方式来形成上壳11和下壳25。极芯18设置在上壳11和下壳25的几何中心处。
本发明还提供了一种电子设备。该电子设备包括上述线性振动马达。电子设备可以是但不局限于手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑、可穿戴设备、对讲机等。
虽然已经通过例子对本发明的一些特定实施例进行了详细说明，但是本领域的技术人员应该理解，以上例子仅是为了进行说明，而不是为了限制本发明的范围。本领域的技术人员应该理解，可在不脱离本发明的范围和精神的情况下，对以上实施例进行修改。本发明的范围由所附权利要求来限定。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种线性振动马达，其特征在于，包括：
    定子组件，所述定子组件包括极芯(18)、线圈组件以及具有腔体的壳体，所述壳体为导磁性材料，所述壳体包括顶部和与所述顶部相对的底部，所述顶部、所述极芯(18)与所述底部固定连接在一起，所述极芯(18)位于所述顶部和所述底部之间，在所述顶部上设置有用于连接所述极芯(18)的第一固定部，在所述底部上设置有用于连接所述极芯(18)的第二固定部，所述极芯(18)包括位于所述极芯(18)的沿振动方向的中部且凸出于所述极芯(18)的外表面的磁极(23)，所述线圈组件被套设在所述极芯(18)的外表面上，所述线圈组件被所述磁极(23)分隔为第一线圈(16)和第二线圈(22)，所述第一线圈(16)与所述第二线圈(22)的电流方向相反；以及
    振子组件，所述振子组件包括弹性元件、围绕所述线圈组件设置的永磁体以及被设置在所述永磁体上的配重部，所述永磁体为轴向充磁，在所述线圈组件通电后，所述线圈组件、所述磁极(23)、所述顶部和所述底部分别与所述永磁体之间形成磁力，所述振子组件通过所述弹性元件悬置在腔体中。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的线性振动马达，其特征在于，所述壳体包括连接在一起的上壳(11)和下壳(25)，所述顶部位于所述上壳(11)上，所述底部位于所述下壳(25)上。
  3. 根据权利要求2或者3所述的线性振动马达，其特征在于，所述第一固定部包括位于所述顶部并且向所述腔体内凹陷的第一凹陷部(26)，所述第二固定部包括位于所述底部并且向所述腔体内凹陷的第二凹陷部(27)，所述第一凹陷部(26)与所述第二凹陷部(27)相对设置，所述极芯(18)被夹在所述第一凹陷部(26)与所述第二凹陷部(27)之间。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3中的任意一项所述的线性振动马达，其特征在于，所述第一固定部包括设置在所述顶部上的第一通孔(28)，所述第二固定部包括设置在所述底部上的第二通孔(29)，所述第一通孔(28)与所述第二通孔(29)相对设置，所述极芯(18)的一端插入所述第一通孔(28)中，所述极芯(18)的另一端插入所述第二通孔(29)中。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4中的任意一项所述的线性振动马达，其特征在于，所述极芯(18)与所述第一通孔(28)之间以及所述极芯(18)与所述第二通孔(29)之间形成过盈配合。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5中的任意一项所述的线性振动马达，其特征在于，所述第一固定部包括位于所述顶部并且向所述腔体内凹陷的第三凹陷部，所述第二固定部包括设置在所述底部上的第三通孔，所述极芯(18)的一端与所述第三凹陷部固定连接在一起并且另一端插入所述第三通孔中。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6中的任意一项所述的线性振动马达，其特征在于，所述第一固定部包括设置在所述顶部上的第四通孔，所述第二固定部包括位于所述底部并且向所述腔体内凹陷的第四凹陷部，所述极芯(18)的一端与所述第四凹陷部固定连接在一起并且另一端插入所述第四通孔中。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7中的任意一项所述的线性振动马达，其特征在于，所述上壳(11)和所述下壳(25)由铁、钴或者镍制作而成。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8中的任意一项所述的线性振动马达，其特征在于，所述壳体为圆形或者矩形，所述极芯(18)被固定在所述顶部和所述底部的几何中心处。
  10. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1-9中的任意一项所述的线性振动马达。
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