WO2018058807A1 - 线性振动马达 - Google Patents

线性振动马达 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018058807A1
WO2018058807A1 PCT/CN2016/110771 CN2016110771W WO2018058807A1 WO 2018058807 A1 WO2018058807 A1 WO 2018058807A1 CN 2016110771 W CN2016110771 W CN 2016110771W WO 2018058807 A1 WO2018058807 A1 WO 2018058807A1
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Prior art keywords
coil
pole
assembly
magnetic
vibration motor
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PCT/CN2016/110771
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王国元
朱跃光
刘春发
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Goertek Inc
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Goertek Inc
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Publication of WO2018058807A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018058807A1/zh
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K33/00—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system
    • H02K33/02—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system with armatures moved one way by energisation of a single coil system and returned by mechanical force, e.g. by springs

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of vibration motor technology, and more particularly to a linear vibration motor.
  • Existing linear vibration motors generally include a vibrator, a stator, and a spring.
  • the vibrator includes a magnet, a weight, and a washer.
  • the stator includes a housing, a core, and a coil. The coil is sleeved on the periphery of the core. The role of the washer and the core is to concentrate the magnetic lines of force to increase the strength of the magnetic field. During operation, magnetic lines of force pass through the coil, creating a Lorentz force to drive the vibrator to vibrate.
  • the existing vibration motor has a technical problem of small driving force and slow vibration response.
  • a linear vibration motor includes:
  • a stator assembly including a housing, a pole core, and a coil assembly having a cavity inside the housing, the housing including a top and a bottom opposite the top, the pole core and the a coil assembly is disposed in the cavity, the pole core is disposed on the bottom, the coil assembly includes a first coil and a second coil, and the first coil and the second coil have opposite current directions The first coil and the second coil are sleeved on the pole core, the pole core includes a first end adjacent to the top portion, and the first end protrudes from an upper end surface of the first coil Forming a first magnetic pole;
  • a vibrator assembly including a permanent magnet disposed around the coil assembly and a weight portion disposed on the permanent magnet, the permanent magnet including a third end proximate the top portion, After a coil is energized, a magnetic force is formed between the first magnetic pole and the third end in the same direction as the driving force;
  • the resilient element is configured to return the vibrator assembly to an initial position.
  • the pole core further includes a second end adjacent to the bottom, the second end protrudes from a lower end surface of the second coil to form a second magnetic pole
  • the permanent magnet further includes a proximity At the fourth end of the bottom portion, after the second coil is energized, a magnetic force in the same direction as the driving force is formed between the second magnetic pole and the fourth end.
  • the pole core further includes a third magnetic pole located at a middle portion of the pole core in a vibration direction and protruding from an outer surface of the pole core, wherein the first coil and the second coil are respectively located On both sides of the third magnetic pole, after the coil assembly is energized, a magnetic force is formed between the third magnetic pole and the third end and the fourth end in the same direction as the driving force.
  • a third magnetic pole located at a middle portion of the pole core in a vibration direction and protruding from an outer surface of the pole core, wherein the first coil and the second coil are respectively located On both sides of the third magnetic pole, after the coil assembly is energized, a magnetic force is formed between the third magnetic pole and the third end and the fourth end in the same direction as the driving force.
  • a first washer is disposed on the third end.
  • a second washer is disposed on the fourth end.
  • the elastic element is a spiral elastic piece located on a side of the vibrator assembly near the top or on a side of the vibrator assembly near the bottom.
  • the housing includes an upper case and a lower case connected together, the top is located on the upper case, the bottom is located on the lower case, and the upper case and the lower case are guided A magnetic material, a magnetic force is formed between the top and the bottom and the permanent magnet.
  • the winding direction of the first coil and the second coil is opposite.
  • the magnetic circuit system includes the coil assembly, the pole core, the permanent magnet and the washer, the coil assembly is sleeved on an outer side of the pole core, and the permanent magnet surrounds the coil a component is disposed, and a gap is formed between the permanent magnet and the coil component, the washer is two and respectively located at upper and lower ends of the permanent magnet, and the magnetic circuit system is configured to be square or round shape.
  • the pole core is in the shape of a cross
  • a third washer is disposed at one end of the cruciform pole core
  • a fourth washer is disposed at the other end opposite to the third washer, wherein the The third magnetic pole forms a first magnetic pole, the fourth ceramic pole forms the second magnetic pole, and the middle convex portion of the cross-shaped polar core is a third magnetic pole.
  • the inventors of the present invention have found that in the prior art, since the vibration of the vibration motor is realized only by the Lorentz force, there is a technical problem that the driving force is small and the vibration response is slow. Therefore, the technical task to be achieved by the present invention or the technical problem to be solved is not thought of or expected by those skilled in the art, so the present invention is a new technical solution.
  • the linear vibration motor of the present invention is provided with two coils, the current directions of the two coils being opposite.
  • the arrangement of the two coils increases the driving force of the vibrator assembly, making the vibration response of the linear vibration motor faster.
  • a magnetic force is formed between the first magnetic pole and the permanent magnet, and the direction of the magnetic force is the same as the moving direction of the vibrator assembly, thereby further improving the driving force of the vibrator assembly.
  • Figure 1 is an exploded view of a linear vibration motor of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a linear vibration motor of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the linear vibration motor of the lower portion of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of another angle of the linear vibrating motor of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of a pole core according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of a circular linear vibration motor of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing the structure of a square magnetic circuit system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of another linear vibration motor of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 11 upper shell; 12: spiral spring; 13: annular elastic pad; 14: tungsten steel block; 15: first washer; 16: first coil; 17: ring magnet; 18: pole core; Second Huasi; 20: FPCB; 21: sheet damping; 22: second coil; 23: third pole; 24: avoidance slot; 25: lower case; 26: first magnetic pole; 27: second magnetic pole; : top; 29: bottom; 30: cruciform core; 31: third washer; 32: fourth washer; 33: middle projection.
  • the present invention provides a linear vibration motor.
  • the linear vibration motor includes a stator assembly, a vibrator assembly, and a resilient member.
  • the stator assembly includes a housing, a pole core 18, and a coil assembly.
  • the interior of the housing has a cavity.
  • the housing includes a top portion 28 and a bottom portion 29 opposite the top portion 28.
  • the pole core 18 and the coil assembly are located within the cavity.
  • the pole core 18 is coupled to the bottom portion 29.
  • the pole core 18 is disposed in the middle of the bottom portion 29 so that the space within the chamber can be fully utilized.
  • the housing is configured to include an upper housing 11 and a lower housing 25.
  • the upper case 11 and the lower case 25 are connected to each other.
  • the two are connected to each other in a snap-fit manner. It is also possible, for example, to use laser welding or edge sealing to join the two together.
  • a cavity is formed inside the upper case 11 and the lower case 25.
  • the top 28 is located on the upper casing 11 and the bottom 29 is located on the lower casing 25.
  • An FPCB 20 Flexible Printed Circuit Board
  • the coil assembly is communicatively coupled to an external circuit through the FPCB 20.
  • the external circuit can also be connected to the lead of the coil by means of a cable.
  • a relief groove 24 for avoiding the FPCB 20 is further disposed on the weight portion.
  • the pole core 18 is disposed in the middle of the lower case 25.
  • the pole core 18 can be fixed to the middle of the lower case 25 by bonding or welding.
  • the pole core 18 is used to concentrate the electromagnetic field generated by the coil assembly.
  • the coil assembly includes a first coil 16 and a second coil 22.
  • the currents of the first coil 16 and the second coil 22 are opposite in direction.
  • the first coil 16 and the second coil 22 are sheathed It is placed on the pole core 18.
  • the pole core 18 includes a first end adjacent the top portion 28. The first end protrudes from the upper end surface of the first coil 16 to form the first magnetic pole 26.
  • the upper end face is near the end face of the top portion 28.
  • the first magnetic pole 26 is used to overflow the electromagnetic field after the coil assembly is energized.
  • the direction of vibration is the direction in which the vibrator assembly operates.
  • the axial direction of the pole core 18 and the coil assembly is parallel to the direction of vibration.
  • the presence of the first magnetic pole 26 causes the pole core to form a T-shaped structure.
  • the coil assembly generates an electromagnetic field in response to an electrical signal from an external circuit.
  • the first coil 16 and the second coil 22 are wound from the same wire.
  • the first coil 16 is clockwise wound and the second coil 22 is counterclockwise (top view 28).
  • the first coil 16 and the second coil 22 are connected in series.
  • the two coils share a pair of leads.
  • the first coil 16 and the second coil 22 are respectively wound, as long as the two coils are wound in opposite directions.
  • the leads of the first coil 16 and the second coil 22 are connected to the FPCB 20, respectively.
  • the number of turns of the first coil 16 and the second coil 22 are equal. This configuration allows the strengths of the electromagnetic fields generated by the two coils to be equal and the magnetic forces of the two coils to be equal.
  • the vibrator assembly includes a permanent magnet disposed about the coil assembly and a weight portion disposed on the permanent magnet.
  • the weight portion is used to increase the inertia of the vibrator assembly to increase the amplitude of the vibration motor.
  • the weight portion may be, but not limited to, a tungsten steel block 14.
  • Permanent magnets are used to form a uniform magnetic field.
  • the permanent magnet is axially magnetized.
  • the axial magnetization that is, the N pole and the S pole are located in the axial direction of the permanent magnet, and the N pole and the S pole are oppositely disposed, wherein the axial direction is the vibration direction.
  • the permanent magnets may be, but are not limited to, ferrite magnets and neodymium iron boron magnets.
  • the permanent magnet in order to increase the strength of the magnetic field and to make the strength of the magnetic field uniform, the permanent magnet is configured as a ring magnet 17.
  • the permanent magnet is also composed of a plurality of discrete magnets.
  • a plurality of magnets are evenly distributed around the coil assembly to ensure equalization of the magnetic field forces received by the coil assembly.
  • a plurality of magnets have the same polarity.
  • one end of the plurality of magnets close to the upper case 11 is an N pole, and one end near the lower case 25 is an S pole.
  • the ring magnet 17 includes third and fourth ends which are disposed opposite to each other in the vibration direction.
  • the third end is near one end of the top 28.
  • the fourth end is an end near the bottom 29.
  • the resilient element is configured to return the vibrator assembly to an initial position.
  • the resilient member forms a support and centering of the vibrator assembly to suspend the vibrator assembly in the cavity.
  • the resilient element is also used to provide spring force to the vibrator assembly.
  • the elastic force is in the direction of vibration. This spring force returns the vibrator assembly to an initial position relative to the stator assembly, and the spring force limits the amplitude of the vibrator assembly to prevent the vibrator assembly from colliding with the housing.
  • the resilient member has two ends in the direction of vibration, wherein one end is attached to either of the top 28 or the bottom 29. The other end is connected to the vibrator assembly.
  • the end connected to the top portion 28, i.e., the resilient member, is located at the upper end of the vibrator assembly, see FIG.
  • the end of the bottom portion 29, i.e., the resilient member is located at the lower end of the vibrator assembly, with reference to Figures 3 and 4.
  • the elastic element is a helical shrapnel 12.
  • the helical shrapnel 12 is located on one side of the vibrator assembly near the top 28 or on the side of the vibrator assembly near the bottom 29.
  • the spiral spring piece 12 is located on the side of the vibrator assembly near the bottom portion 29, the space between the FPCB 20 and the vibrator assembly can be fully utilized, so that the linear vibration motor can be made thinner.
  • the spiral elastic piece 12 has the characteristics of firm structure and uniform elastic deformation.
  • the spiral spring piece 12 can be joined to the housing and the vibrator assembly by welding or bonding. Similarly, the spiral elastic piece 12 can also be bonded to the top portion 28 of the upper casing 11.
  • the elastic member may also be a spring or the like as long as the vibrator assembly can be returned to the initial position.
  • the first magnetic pole 26 of the pole core 18 is also subjected to a permanent magnet (for example, a ring).
  • a permanent magnet for example, a ring
  • the linear vibration motor includes two coils.
  • the third end of the ring magnet is N pole, and the fourth end is S pole.
  • the first coil 16 is a clockwise current and the second coil 22 is a counterclockwise current (top view from the top 28).
  • the first coil 16 is subjected to a downward Lorentz force. Since the first coil 16 is fixed to the lower casing 25 and cannot move, the vibrator assembly is subjected to a reaction force to move upward.
  • the second coil 22 is subjected to the downward Lorentz force. Since the second coil 22 is fixed on the lower case 25 and cannot move, the vibrator assembly is subjected to a reaction force. Move up. It can be seen that the two coils are subjected to the Lorentz force in the same direction, so that the reaction force received by the vibrator assembly is greatly increased, that is, the driving force of the vibrator assembly is greatly increased. In turn, the vibrator assembly is made shorter from the standstill to the normal amplitude, ie the vibration response speed is faster.
  • the first coil when the first coil is energized, an electromagnetic field is generated to magnetize the pole core.
  • the upper end surface of the first coil 16 is the S pole
  • the lower end surface of the first coil 16 (the end near the middle) is the N pole.
  • the pole core 18 concentrates the electromagnetic field, and since the first magnetic pole 26 protrudes from the upper end surface of the coil, the S pole can be overflowed. That is, the first magnetic pole 26 is polarized to the S pole.
  • the first magnetic pole 26 is opposite in polarity to the third end of the ring magnet 17, so that the two attract each other. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the first magnetic pole 26 protrudes from the plane in which the third end is located.
  • the attraction between the ring magnet 17 and the first pole 26 causes the vibrator assembly to move upward. It can be seen that the magnetic force provides a driving force for the vibrator assembly, and the driving force of the linear vibration motor is further increased. And make the vibration response faster.
  • the housing is coupled to the core, and both the housing and the core are magnetically permeable.
  • the permanent magnet forms a "magnetic spring" with the housing and the permanent magnet and the core.
  • the magnetic spring acts in the opposite direction to the elastic element.
  • the strength of the annular elastic piece can be increased by increasing the thickness of the annular elastic piece while keeping f 0 constant, thereby improving the stability of the linear vibration motor and prolonging the service life of the linear vibration motor.
  • the pole core 18 further includes a second end adjacent the bottom portion 29.
  • the second end protrudes from the lower end surface of the second coil 22 to form the second magnetic pole 27.
  • the pole core 18 is similar to an I-shape.
  • the lower end face is the end face of the second coil 22 close to the bottom portion 29.
  • the ring magnet 17 also includes a fourth end adjacent the bottom 29. After the second coil 22 is energized. A magnetic force is formed between the second magnetic pole 27 and the fourth end.
  • the second magnetic pole 27 is used to overflow the electromagnetic field after the coil assembly is energized.
  • an electromagnetic field is generated when the second coil 22 is energized.
  • the lower end surface of the second coil 22 is the S pole
  • the upper end surface (the end near the middle) of the second coil 22 is the N pole.
  • the pole core concentrates the electromagnetic field, and since the second magnetic pole 27 protrudes from the lower end surface of the second coil 22, the S pole can be overflowed. That is, the second magnetic pole 27 is polarized to the S pole.
  • the second magnetic pole 27 is opposite in polarity to the fourth end of the ring magnet 17, so that the two are mutually exclusive.
  • the second magnetic pole 27 protrudes The plane where the fourth end is located.
  • the repulsive force between the ring magnet 17 and the second magnetic pole 27 causes the vibrator assembly to move upward. It can be seen that the magnetic force provides a driving force for the vibrator assembly, and the driving force of the linear vibration motor is further increased. And make the vibration response faster.
  • the pole core 18 further includes a central portion of the pole core 18 in the vibration direction and protrudes from the outer core 18
  • the third magnetic pole 23 of the surface, the first coil 16 and the second coil 22 are respectively located on both sides of the third magnetic pole 23.
  • the third magnetic pole 23 is located between the third end and the fourth end.
  • the pole core 18 is similar to a king shape.
  • the third magnetic pole 23 is used to overflow the electromagnetic field after the coil assembly is energized. A magnetic force is formed between the third magnetic pole and the third end and the fourth end.
  • two coils are sleeved on the pole core 18.
  • the third end of the ring magnet 17 is an N pole, and the fourth end is an S pole. Since the first coil 16 is wound clockwise, when the current is clockwise (from the top 28), the lower end of the first coil 16 is N pole and the upper end is S pole.
  • the second coil 22 is wound counterclockwise. When the current is running counterclockwise (from the top 28), the upper end of the second coil 22 is N pole and the lower end is S pole.
  • the lower end of the first coil 16 and the upper end of the second coil 22 are located on the third magnetic pole 23 of the pole core 18. The magnetic field is concentrated by the pole core 18. Further, the third magnetic pole 23 is an overflow end of a magnetic line, that is, an N pole.
  • the polarity of the third magnetic pole 23 is N pole. Since the third end is also N pole, the third magnetic pole 23 forms a repulsive force with the third end, and the repulsive force has the same direction as the Lorentz force, which causes the vibrator assembly to move upward, further increasing the driving of the coil assembly. force. At the same time, since the fourth end is the S pole, the third magnetic pole 23 forms an attractive force with the fourth end, and the attraction direction is the same as the direction of the Lorentz force, which causes the vibrator assembly to move upward. It can be seen that the magnetic force between the N pole and the S pole of the ring magnet 17 and the third pole 23 provides a driving force for the vibrator assembly. The magnetic force between the third magnetic pole 23 and the ring magnet 17 further increases the driving force to which the vibrator assembly is subjected, that is, the magnetic force makes the response speed of the linear vibration motor faster.
  • the strength of the annular elastic piece 12 can be increased by increasing the thickness of the annular elastic piece 12 while keeping f 0 constant, thereby improving the stability of the linear vibration motor and prolonging the service life of the linear vibration motor.
  • the pole core 18 is in the shape of a cross.
  • a third washer 31 is disposed at one end of the cruciform core 30.
  • a fourth washer 32 is disposed at the other end opposite to the third washer 31.
  • the third washer 31 forms a first magnetic pole
  • the fourth washer 32 forms a second magnetic pole
  • the intermediate projection 33 of the cross-shaped pole core 30 is a third magnetic pole.
  • the cruciform core 30 has a simpler structure than the king-shaped pole core, has low processing difficulty and high yield.
  • the third washer 31 and the fourth washer 32 can be joined to the cruciform core 30 by bonding, and the assembly is very convenient.
  • the first washer 15 is disposed on the third end and the second washer 19 is disposed on the fourth end.
  • the first washer 15 is fixed to the third end by an adhesive
  • the second washer 19 is fixed to the fourth end.
  • the first washer 15 and the second washer 19 are used to form a magnetic shield to concentrate the magnetic lines of the permanent magnet to further increase the strength of the magnetic field. Thereby, the driving force of the vibrator assembly is further improved.
  • the magnetic directions between the first magnetic pole 26, the second magnetic pole 27 and the third magnetic pole 23 and the ring magnet 17 are the same, which provides a driving force for the vibration of the vibrator assembly.
  • the vibration amount of the linear vibration motor is increased, and the vibration effect of the linear vibration motor is effectively improved.
  • the vibrator assembly takes less time from a standstill to a normal amplitude and has a faster vibration response. And the f 0 of the linear vibration motor is lowered. Improve the earthquake experience.
  • the upper case 11 and the lower case 25 are magnetically permeable materials.
  • the upper case 11 and the lower case 25 are made of iron, cobalt or nickel.
  • a magnetically conductive material is a material that is easily magnetized by a permanent magnet.
  • the vibrator assembly moves upward, as the distance between the ring magnet 17 and the upper casing 11 decreases, the attraction between the two increases. Thereby, the driving force for vibrating the vibrator assembly upward is further increased.
  • the lower case 25 and the ring magnet 17 also have an attractive force.
  • Both the housing and the king-shaped core are magnetically conductive materials.
  • the permanent magnet forms a "magnetic spring" with the housing and the permanent magnet and the core.
  • the magnetic spring acts in the opposite direction to the elastic element.
  • one end of the pole core 18 is coupled to the bottom portion 29, and the other end of the pole core 18 is coupled to the top portion 28.
  • the pole core 18 functions as a support housing to make the structure of the linear vibration motor more stable.
  • the bottom portion 29 is disposed at a position corresponding to the weight portion (for example, the tungsten steel block 14).
  • the damping member can be, but not limited to, rubber, silicone, sponge or foam.
  • the tungsten steel block 14 is square. The four sides of the tungsten steel block 14 protrude from the lower surface.
  • the damping member can then be, for example, four sheet dampings 21.
  • the sheet damping 21 is provided on the lower case 25 by bonding. Four sheet dampings 21 are respectively disposed at positions corresponding to the four corners of the tungsten steel block 14.
  • the region of the tungsten steel block 14 that is joined to the permanent magnets forms a flange-like annular projection.
  • the annular projection is located on the upper surface of the tungsten steel block 14.
  • the damper member is configured as an annular spring pad 13 and is disposed on the annular projection.
  • the annular spacer may also be disposed at a position of the upper casing 11 corresponding to the annular projection.
  • the damper member is arranged to effectively buffer the impact force of the vibrator assembly and the housing, thereby improving the service life of the linear vibration motor. And the damper member can effectively reduce the noise caused by the collision. At the same time, the existence of damping can make the vibration system stop quickly when the power system is powered off, which improves the vibration clarity of the motor.
  • the magnetic circuit system includes a coil assembly, a pole core 18, a permanent magnet, and a washer.
  • a coil assembly such as the first coil 16 and the second coil 22, is sleeved on the outside of the pole core 18.
  • a permanent magnet such as a ring magnet 17, is disposed around the coil assembly. There is a gap between the ring magnet 17 and the coil assembly. Huasi is located in the ring The upper and lower ends of the magnet 17 are axially located, wherein the first washer 15 is at the upper end and the second washer 19 is at the lower end.
  • the magnetic circuit system is configured to be square or circular in order to adapt to different installation environments.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)

Abstract

一种线性振动马达，包括定子组件、振子组件和弹性元件（12）。定子组件包括壳体、极芯（18）以及线圈组件，壳体包括顶部（28）和与顶部相对的底部（29），极芯被设置在底部上，线圈组件包括第一线圈（16）和第二线圈（22），第一线圈和第二线圈的电流方向相反，极芯包括靠近顶部的第一端，第一端凸出于第一线圈的上端面以形成第一磁极（26）；振子组件包括围绕线圈组件设置的永磁体（17）以及被设置在永磁体上的配重部（14），永磁体包括靠近顶部的第三端，在第一线圈通电后，第一磁极与第三端之间形成磁力；以及弹性元件被配置为用于使振子组件回复至初始位置。

Description

线性振动马达 技术领域
本发明涉及振动马达技术领域，更具体地，涉及一种线性振动马达。
背景技术
现有的线性振动马达一般包括振子、定子和弹片。振子包括磁铁、配重部和华司。定子包括壳体、铁芯和线圈。线圈套设在铁芯外围。华司以及铁芯的作用是集中磁力线以提高磁场强度。工作时，磁力线穿过线圈，产生洛伦兹力来驱动振子振动。现有振动马达存在驱动力小、振动响应慢的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种线性振动马达的新技术方案。
根据本发明的第一方面，提供了一种线性振动马达。该马达包括：
定子组件，所述定子组件包括壳体、极芯以及线圈组件，在所述壳体的内部具有腔体，所述壳体包括顶部和与所述顶部相对的底部，所述极芯和所述线圈组件位于所述腔体内，所述极芯被设置在所述底部上，所述线圈组件包括第一线圈和第二线圈，所述第一线圈和所述第二线圈的电流方向相反，所述第一线圈和所述第二线圈被套设在所述极芯上，所述极芯包括靠近所述顶部的第一端，所述第一端凸出于所述第一线圈的上端面以形成第一磁极；
振子组件，所述振子组件包括围绕所述线圈组件设置的永磁体以及被设置在所述永磁体的上的配重部，所述永磁体包括靠近所述顶部的第三端，在所述第一线圈通电后，所述第一磁极与所述第三端之间形成与驱动力作用方向相同的磁力；以及
弹性元件，所述振子组件通过所述弹性元件悬置在所述腔体内，所述 弹性元件被配置为用于使所述振子组件回复至初始位置。
可选地，所述极芯还包括靠近所述底部的第二端，所述第二端凸出于所述第二线圈的下端面，以形成第二磁极，所述永磁体还包括靠近所述底部的第四端，在所述第二线圈通电后，所述第二磁极与所述第四端之间形成与驱动力作用方向相同的磁力。
可选地，所述极芯还包括位于所述极芯的沿振动方向的中部且凸出于所述极芯的外表面的第三磁极，所述第一线圈和所述第二线圈分别位于所述第三磁极的两侧，在所述线圈组件通电后，所述第三磁极与所述第三端和所述第四端之间形成与驱动力作用方向相同的磁力。
可选地，在所述第三端上设置有第一华司。
可选地，在所述第四端上设置有第二华司。
可选地，所述弹性元件为螺旋弹片，所述螺旋弹片位于所述振子组件的靠近所述顶部的一侧或者位于所述振子组件的靠近所述底部的一侧。
可选地，所述壳体包括连接在一起的上壳和下壳，所述顶部位于所述上壳上，所述底部位于所述下壳上，所述上壳和所述下壳为导磁性材料，所述顶部和所述底部与所述永磁体之间形成磁力。
可选地，所述第一线圈与所述第二线圈的绕线方向相反。
可选地，磁路系统包括所述线圈组件、所述极芯、所述永磁体和所述华司，所述线圈组件套设在所述极芯的外侧，所述永磁体围绕所述线圈组件设置，并且所述永磁体与所述线圈组件之间有间隙，所述华司为两个且分别位于所述永磁体的上、下两端，所述磁路系统被配置为方形或者圆形。
可选地，所述极芯为十字形，在十字形极芯的一端设置有第三华司，在与所述第三华司相对的另一端设置有第四华司，其中，所述第三华司形成第一磁极，所述第四华司形成所述第二磁极，所述十字形极芯的中间凸出部为第三磁极。
本发明的发明人发现，在现有技术中，由于振动马达的振动仅仅依靠洛伦兹力来实现，故存在驱动力小、振动响应慢的技术问题。因此，本发明所要实现的技术任务或者所要解决的技术问题是本领域技术人员从未想到的或者没有预期到的，故本发明是一种新的技术方案。
本发明的提供的线性振动马达设置有两个线圈，两个线圈的电流方向相反。两个线圈的设置方式提高了振子组件的驱动力，使线性振动马达的振动响应更快。
此外，第一磁极与永磁体之间形成磁力，该磁力的方向与振子组件的运动方向相同，从而进一步提高了振子组件的驱动力。
通过以下参照附图对本发明的示例性实施例的详细描述，本发明的其它特征及其优点将会变得清楚。
附图说明
被结合在说明书中并构成说明书的一部分的附图示出了本发明的实施例，并且连同其说明一起用于解释本发明的原理。
图1：本发明实施例的线性振动马达的分解图。
图2：本发明实施例的线性振动马达的剖视图。
图3：本发明实施例的环形弹片位于下方的线性振动马达的剖视图。
图4：本发明实施例的环形弹片位于下方的线性振动马达的另一个角度的剖视图。
图5：本发明实施例的极芯的结构示意图。
图6：本发明实施例的圆形线性振动马达的剖视图。
图7：本发明实施例的方形磁路系统的结构示意图。
图8：本发明实施例的另一种线性振动马达的剖视图。
图中，11：上壳；12：螺旋弹片；13：环形弹垫；14：钨钢块；15：第一华司；16：第一线圈；17：环形磁铁；18：极芯；19：第二华司；20：FPCB；21：片状阻尼；22：第二线圈；23：第三磁极；24：避让槽；25：下壳；26：第一磁极；27：第二磁极；28：顶部；29：底部；30：十字形极芯；31：第三华司；32：第四华司；33：中间凸出部。
具体实施方式
现在将参照附图来详细描述本发明的各种示例性实施例。应注意到：除非另外具体说明，否则在这些实施例中阐述的部件和步骤的相对布置、 数字表达式和数值不限制本发明的范围。
以下对至少一个示例性实施例的描述实际上仅仅是说明性的，决不作为对本发明及其应用或使用的任何限制。
对于相关领域普通技术人员已知的技术、方法和设备可能不作详细讨论，但在适当情况下，所述技术、方法和设备应当被视为说明书的一部分。
在这里示出和讨论的所有例子中，任何具体值应被解释为仅仅是示例性的，而不是作为限制。因此，示例性实施例的其它例子可以具有不同的值。
应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步讨论。
本发明提供了一种线性振动马达。如图1和2所示，该线性振动马达包括定子组件、振子组件和弹性元件。定子组件包括壳体、极芯18以及线圈组件。壳体的内部具有腔体。壳体包括顶部28和与顶部28相对的底部29。极芯18和线圈组件位于腔体内。极芯18与底部29连接在一起。优选的是，极芯18被设置在底部29的中部，这样可以充分利用腔体内的空间。
在一个例子中，如图1和2所示，壳体被配置为包括上壳11和下壳25。上壳11和下壳25相互连接在一起。例如，采用扣合的方式将二者相互连接。还可以是，例如，采用激光焊接或封边以将二者连接在一起。在上壳11和下壳25的内部形成腔体。顶部28位于上壳11上，底部29位于下壳25上。在底部29上还设置有FPCB20(柔性线路板，Flexible Printed Circuit Board)。线圈组件通过FPCB20与外部电路通信连接。当然，也可以采用线缆的方式将外部电路与线圈的引线通信连接。此外，为了避免振子组件，尤其是配重部在振动时碰撞FPCB20板而造成FPCB20板的损坏，在配重部上还设置有用于避让FPCB20的避让槽24。
如图2和5所示，极芯18被设置在下壳25的中部。例如，可以通过粘接或者焊接的方式，将极芯18固定在下壳25的中部。极芯18用于集中线圈组件产生的电磁场。线圈组件包括第一线圈16和第二线圈22。第一线圈16和第二线圈22的电流方向相反。第一线圈16和第二线圈22被套 设在极芯18的上。极芯18包括靠近顶部28的第一端。第一端凸出于第一线圈16的上端面以形成第一磁极26。上端面即靠近顶部28的端面。第一磁极26用于在线圈组件通电后使电磁场溢出。振动方向即振子组件工作时的方向。极芯18和线圈组件的轴线方向与振动方向平行。优选的是，第一磁极26的存在使极芯形成T字形结构。
如图2和5所示，线圈组件响应于来自外部电路的电信号而产生电磁场。线圈组件的设置方式有多种。在一个例子中，第一线圈16和第二线圈22由同一根导线绕制而成。例如，第一线圈16为顺时针绕制，第二线圈22为逆时针绕制(从顶部28俯视)。在这种情况下，第一线圈16和第二线圈22为串联。两个线圈共用一对引线。例如，还可以是第一线圈16和第二线圈22分别绕制而成，只要保证两个线圈绕制方向相反即可。第一线圈16和第二线圈22的引线分别连接到FPCB20上。优选的是，第一线圈16和第二线圈22的匝数相等。这种配置方式可以使两个线圈产生的电磁场的强度大小相等，并且两个线圈受到的磁场力大小相等。
如图1和2所示，振子组件包括围绕线圈组件设置的永磁体以及被设置在永磁体上的配重部。配重部用于增大振子组件的惯性，以增大振动马达的振幅。配重部可以是但不局限于钨钢块14。
永磁体用于形成匀强磁场。在本发明中，永磁体为轴向充磁。轴向充磁，即N极和S极位于永磁体的轴向，N极和S极相对设置，其中轴向即振动方向。永磁体可以是但不局限于铁氧体磁铁和钕铁硼磁铁。在本发明的一个优选的实施方式中，为了提高磁场强度并使磁场强度均匀，永磁体被配置为环形磁铁17。当然，永磁体也由多个离散的磁铁组成。优选的是，多个磁铁围绕线圈组件均匀分布，以保证线圈组件收到的磁场力均衡。在该结构中，多个磁铁具有相同的极性。例如，多个磁铁的靠近上壳11的一端均为N极，靠近下壳25的一端均为S极。
如图2或者5所示，环形磁铁17包括沿振动方向上且相对设置的第三端和第四端。第三端为靠近顶部28的一端。第四端为靠近底部29的一端。在第一线圈16通电后，第一磁极26与第三端之间形成与驱动力作用方向相同的磁力，驱动力即振子组件受到的磁力。
弹性元件被配置为用于使振子组件回复至初始位置。弹性元件对振子组件形成支承及定心，以使振子组件悬置在腔体中。弹性元件还用于向振子组件提供弹力。该弹力沿振动方向。该弹力使振子组件返回到相对于定子组件的初始位置，并且该弹力限制了振子组件的振幅，以防止振子组件碰撞到壳体上。
如图2-4所示，在本发明中一种具体的实施方式中，弹性元件具有沿振动方向上的两个端部，其中，一个端部被连接在顶部28或者底部29的任意之一上，另一个端部被连接在振子组件上。连接在顶部28的端部即弹性元件位于振子组件的上端，参照图2。连接在底部29的端部即弹性元件位于振子组件的下端，参照图3和4。
在一个例子中，弹性元件为螺旋弹片12。如图3和5所示，例如，螺旋弹片12位于振子组件的靠近顶部28的一侧或者位于振子组件的靠近底部29的一侧。当螺旋弹片12位于振子组件的靠近底部29的一侧时，可以充分利用FPCB20与振子组件之间的空间，使得线性振动马达可以做的更薄。螺旋弹片12具有结构牢固、弹性形变均匀的特点。可以通过焊接或者粘接的方式将螺旋弹片12与壳体和振子组件连接。同样地，也可以将螺旋弹片12粘接到上壳11的顶部28上。
当然，弹性元件也可以是弹簧等，只要能使振子组件回复到初始位置即可。
本发明提供的线性振动马达，在振动过程中，振子组件除了会受到弹性元件的弹力和磁场的洛伦兹力的作用外，极芯18的第一磁极26还会受到来自永磁体(例如环形磁铁17)的磁力的作用。
具体地，在一个例子中，如图2所示，该线性振动马达包括两个线圈。环形磁铁的第三端为N极，第四端为S极。第一线圈16为顺时针电流，第二线圈22为逆时针电流(从顶部28俯视)。
一方面，在线圈组件通电后，第一线圈16受到向下的洛伦兹力的作用。由于第一线圈16固定在下壳25上无法移动，则会使振子组件受到反作用力而向上移动。同时，第二线圈22受到向下的洛伦兹力的作用。由于第二线圈22固定在下壳25上无法移动，则会使振子组件受到反作用力而 向上移动。由此可见，两个线圈受到相同方向的洛伦兹力的作用，从而使振子组件受到的反作用力大大增加，即振子组件的驱动力大大增加。进而使振子组件由静止到达到正常振幅的时间更短，即振动响应速度更快。
另一方面，当第一线圈通电后产生电磁场将极芯磁化。根据安培定则，第一线圈的16上端面为S极，第一线圈16的下端面(靠近中部的一端)为N极。极芯18将电磁场进行集中，由于第一磁极26凸出于线圈的上端面，故可以使S极溢出。即第一磁极26被极化为S极。第一磁极26与环形磁铁17的第三端的极性相反，故二者相互吸引。本领域技术人员可以理解的是，第一磁极26凸出于第三端所在的平面。环形磁铁17与第一磁极26的之间的吸引力使振子组件向上移动。由此可见，磁力为振子组件提供了驱动力，使线性振动马达的驱动力进一步增加。并使振动响应速度更快。
此外，壳体与和铁芯连接在一起，壳体和铁芯均为导磁性材料。这样永磁体与壳体以及永磁体与铁芯形成“磁弹簧”。磁弹簧与弹性元件的作用方向相反。由此合力使弹性元件的弹性系数减小，可以有效地降低线性振动马达的f0(最低共振频率)，提高了振动的灵敏度，提升了震感体验。
此外，还可以在保持f0不变的情况下，通过增加环形弹片的厚度来提高环形弹片的强度，进而提升线性振动马达的稳定性，延长线性振动马达的使用寿命。
为了进一步提高振动效果，在本发明的一种具体的实施方式中，如图1-4所示，极芯18还包括靠近底部29的第二端。第二端凸出于第二线圈22的下端面，以形成第二磁极27。极芯18类似于工字形。下端面即第二线圈22的靠近底部29的端面。环形磁铁17还包括靠近底部29的第四端。在第二线圈22通电后。第二磁极27与第四端之间形成磁力。第二磁极27用于在线圈组件通电后使电磁场溢出。
在该实施方式中，当第二线圈22通电后产生电磁场。根据安培定则，第二线圈22的下端面为S极，第二线圈22的上端面(靠近中部的一端)为N极。极芯将电磁场进行集中，由于第二磁极27凸出于第二线圈22的下端面，故可以使S极溢出。即第二磁极27被极化为S极。第二磁极27与环形磁铁17的第四端的极性相反，故二者相互排斥。第二磁极27凸出 于第四端所在的平面。环形磁铁17与第二磁极27的之间的排斥力使振子组件向上移动。由此可见，该磁力为振子组件提供了驱动力，使线性振动马达的驱动力进一步增加。并使振动响应速度更快。
此外，随着第二磁极27偏离初始位置越多，第四端与第二磁极27之间距离的会增加，二者之间的排斥力会逐渐减小。
由此可见，第一磁极26和第二磁极27与环形磁铁17之间的磁力均形成了振子组件振动的驱动力。从而有效地提高了线性振动马达的振动效果。并且降低了线性振动马达的f0。
为了进一步提高振动效果，在本发明的一种具体的实施方式中，如图1-5所示，极芯18还包括位于极芯18的沿振动方向的中部且凸出于极芯18的外表面的第三磁极23，第一线圈16和第二线圈22分别位于第三磁极23的两侧。第三磁极23位于第三端和第四端之间。极芯18类似于王字形。第三磁极23用于在线圈组件通电后使电磁场溢出。第三磁极与第三端和第四端之间形成磁力。
在本实施例中，两个线圈套设在极芯18上。在环形磁铁17的第三端为N极，第四端为S极。由于第一线圈16为顺时针绕制，当电流为顺时针走向时(从顶部28俯视)，第一线圈16的下端为N极，上端为S极。第二线圈22为逆时针绕制，当电流为逆时针走向时(从顶部28俯视)，第二线圈22的上端为N极，下端为S极。第一线圈16的下端和第二线圈22的上端位于极芯18的第三磁极23上。磁场被极芯18集中。并且，第三磁极23为磁力线的溢出端，即N极。由此可见，第三磁极23的极性为N极。由于第三端也为N极，因此第三磁极23会与第三端形成斥力，该斥力的方向与洛伦兹力的方向相同，会使振子组件向上移动，进一步增大了线圈组件的驱动力。同时，由于第四端为S极，因此第三磁极23会与第四端形成吸引力，该吸引力的方向与洛伦兹力的方向相同，会使振子组件向上移动。由此可见，环形磁铁17的N极和S极与第三磁极23之间的磁力为振子组件提供了驱动力。第三磁极23与环形磁铁17之间的磁力使得振子组件受到的驱动力进一步增加，即该磁力使线性振动马达的响应速度更快。
此外，还可以在保持f0不变的情况下，通过增加环形弹片12的厚度 来提高环形弹片12的强度，进而提升线性振动马达的稳定性，延长线性振动马达的使用寿命。
为了便于加工，在一个例子中，如图8所示，极芯18为十字形。在十字形极芯30的一端设置有第三华司31。在与第三华司31相对的另一端设置有第四华司32。第三华司31形成第一磁极，第四华司32形成第二磁极，十字形极芯30的中间凸出部33为第三磁极。十字形极芯30较王字形极芯结构简单，加工难度低，成品率高。第三华司31和第四华司32可以通过粘接的方式与十字形极芯30连接在一起，组装十分方便。
为了使环形磁铁17的磁场更集中，在一个例子中，在第三端上设置第一华司15，在第四端上设置第二华司19。例如，通过粘接剂将第一华司15固定在第三端上，将第二华司19固定在第四端上。第一华司15和第二华司19用于形成磁屏蔽，以将永磁体的磁力线进行集中，使磁场强度进一步提高。从而进一步提高振子组件的驱动力。
由此可见，第一磁极26、第二磁极27和第三磁极23与环形磁铁17之间的磁力方向相同，为振子组件的振动提供了驱动力。增大了线性振动马达的振动量，有效地提高了线性振动马达的振动效果。振子组件从静止状态到正常振幅所需时间更短，振动响应更快。并且降低了线性振动马达的f0。提高了震感体验。
本领域技术人员可以理解的是，当第一线圈16和第二线圈22的电流方向发生变化时，即第一线圈16的电流方向为逆时针方向，第二线圈22的电流方向为顺时针，振子组件受到的洛伦兹力的方向以及受到“磁弹簧”的力的方向与前述的方向相反，从而使振子组件向下振动的驱动力增大。
为了进一步提高线性振动马达的振动效果，在本发明的一种优选的实施方式中，上壳11和下壳25为导磁性材料。例如，上壳11和下壳25由铁、钴或者镍制作而成。导磁性材料即容易被永磁体磁化的材料。在该实施方式中，上壳11与环形磁铁17之间具有吸引力。并且当振子组件向上移动时，随着环形磁铁17与上壳11之间距离的减小，二者之间的吸引力增加。从而进一步增大了振子组件向上振动的驱动力。下壳25与环形磁铁17之间也具有吸引力。当振子组件向下移动时，随着环形磁铁17与下壳 25之间距离的减小，二者之间的吸引力增加。从而进一步增大了振子组件向下振动的驱动力。当振子组件位于初始位置时，振子组件受到的上壳11和下壳25吸引力大小相等方向相反。
壳体与和王字形铁芯都是导磁性材料。这样，永磁体与壳体以及永磁体与铁芯形成“磁弹簧”。磁弹簧与弹性元件的作用方向相反。由此合力使弹性元件的弹性系数减小，可以有效地降低线性振动马达的f0(最低共振频率)，提高了振动的灵敏度，提升了震感体验。
同理，也可以在保持f0不变的情况下，通过增加环形弹片的厚度来提高环形弹片的强度，进而提升线性振动马达的稳定性。延长线性振动马达的使用寿命。
为了使振动马达的结构稳固，在一个例子中，极芯18的一端与底部29相连接，极芯18的另一端与顶部28相连接。这样，极芯18起到了支撑壳体的作用，使线性振动马达的结构更稳固。
为了缓冲振子组件的振动，以防止振子组件与壳体发生碰撞，在一个例子中，如图1-3所示，在底部29的与配重部(例如钨钢块14)相对应的位置设置有阻尼件。阻尼件可以是但不局限于橡胶、硅胶、海绵或者泡棉。例如，钨钢块14为方形。钨钢块14的四个边凸出于下表面。则阻尼件可以是，例如四个片状阻尼21。片状阻尼21通过粘接的方式设置在下壳25上。4个片状阻尼21分别设置在与钨钢块14的四个角相对应的位置上。例如，钨钢块14的与永磁体连接的区域形成法兰状的环形凸起。该环形凸起位于钨钢块14的上表面。例如，阻尼件被配置为环形弹垫13，且设置在环形凸起上。当然，环形垫片也可以设置在上壳11的与环形凸起相对应的位置上。阻尼件的设置可以有效地缓冲振子组件与壳体的碰撞力，进而提高线性振动马达的使用寿命。并且阻尼件可以有效地降低由碰撞带来的噪音。同时阻尼的存在，可以让振动系统断电时，快速的停止，提高了马达的振动清晰度。
磁路系统包括线圈组件、极芯18、永磁体和华司。线圈组件，例如第一线圈16和第二线圈22套设在极芯18的外侧。永磁体，例如环形磁铁17围绕线圈组件设置。环形磁铁17与线圈组件之间有间隙。华司位于环 形磁铁17的沿轴向的上、下两端，其中第一华司15位于上端，第二华司19位于下端。如图6或者7所示，为了适应不同的安装环境，磁路系统被配置为方形或者圆形。
虽然已经通过例子对本发明的一些特定实施例进行了详细说明，但是本领域的技术人员应该理解，以上例子仅是为了进行说明，而不是为了限制本发明的范围。本领域的技术人员应该理解，可在不脱离本发明的范围和精神的情况下，对以上实施例进行修改。本发明的范围由所附权利要求来限定。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种线性振动马达，其特征在于，包括：
    定子组件，所述定子组件包括壳体、极芯(18)以及线圈组件，在所述壳体的内部具有腔体，所述壳体包括顶部(28)和与所述顶部(28)相对的底部(29)，所述极芯(18)和所述线圈组件位于所述腔体内，所述极芯(18)被设置在所述底部(29)上，所述线圈组件包括第一线圈(16)和第二线圈(22)，所述第一线圈(16)和所述第二线圈(22)的电流方向相反，所述第一线圈(16)和所述第二线圈(22)被套设在所述极芯(18)上，所述极芯(18)包括靠近所述顶部(28)的第一端，所述第一端凸出于所述第一线圈(16)的上端面以形成第一磁极(26)；
    振子组件，所述振子组件包括围绕所述线圈组件设置的永磁体以及被设置在所述永磁体上的配重部，所述永磁体为轴向充磁，所述永磁体包括靠近所述顶部(28)的第三端，在所述第一线圈(16)通电后，所述第一磁极(26)与所述第三端之间形成与驱动力作用方向相同的磁力；以及
    弹性元件，所述振子组件通过所述弹性元件悬置在所述腔体内，所述弹性元件被配置为用于使所述振子组件回复至初始位置。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的线性振动马达，其特征在于，所述极芯(18)还包括靠近所述底部(29)的第二端，所述第二端凸出于所述第二线圈(22)的下端面以形成第二磁极(27)，所述永磁体还包括靠近所述底部(29)的第四端，在所述第二线圈(22)通电后，所述第二磁极(27)与所述第四端之间形成与驱动力作用方向相同的磁力。
  3. 根据权利要求2或者3所述的线性振动马达，其特征在于，所述极芯(18)还包括位于所述极芯(18)的沿振动方向的中部且凸出于所述极芯(18)的外表面的第三磁极(23)，所述第一线圈(16)和所述第二线圈(22)分别位于所述第三磁极(23)的两侧，在所述线圈组件通电后，所述第三磁极(23)与所述第三端和所述第四端之间形成与驱动力作用方 向相同的磁力。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3中的任意一项所述的线性振动马达，其特征在于，在所述第三端上设置有第一华司(15)。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4中的任意一项所述的线性振动马达，其特征在于，在所述第四端上设置有第二华司(19)。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5中的任意一项所述的线性振动马达，其特征在于，所述弹性元件为螺旋弹片(12)，所述螺旋弹片(12)位于所述振子组件的靠近所述顶部(28)的一侧或者位于所述振子组件的靠近所述底部(29)的一侧。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6中的任意一项所述的线性振动马达，其特征在于，所述壳体包括连接在一起的上壳(11)和下壳(25)，所述顶部(28)位于所述上壳(11)上，所述底部(29)位于所述下壳(25)上，所述上壳(11)和所述下壳(25)为导磁性材料，所述顶部和所述底部与所述永磁体之间形成磁力。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7中的任意一项所述的线性振动马达，其特征在于，所述第一线圈(16)与所述第二线圈(22)的绕线方向相反。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8中的任意一项所述的线性振动马达，其特征在于，磁路系统包括所述线圈组件、所述极芯(18)、所述永磁体和华司，所述线圈组件套设在所述极芯(18)的外侧，所述永磁体围绕所述线圈组件设置，并且所述永磁体与所述线圈组件之间有间隙，所述华司为两个且分别位于所述永磁体的上、下两端，所述磁路系统被配置为方形或者圆形。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9中的任意一项所述的线性振动马达，其特征在 于，所述极芯(18)为十字形，在十字形极芯(30)的一端设置有第三华司(31)，在与所述第三华司(31)相对的另一端设置有第四华司(32)，其中，所述第三华司(31)形成第一磁极，所述第四华司(32)形成所述第二磁极，所述十字形极芯(30)的中间凸出部(33)为第三磁极。
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