WO2018058722A1 - 双极化收发共用波导阵列天线 - Google Patents

双极化收发共用波导阵列天线 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018058722A1
WO2018058722A1 PCT/CN2016/103458 CN2016103458W WO2018058722A1 WO 2018058722 A1 WO2018058722 A1 WO 2018058722A1 CN 2016103458 W CN2016103458 W CN 2016103458W WO 2018058722 A1 WO2018058722 A1 WO 2018058722A1
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network
polarization
polarized
waveguide
dual
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PCT/CN2016/103458
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王岩
吴知航
王正斌
陈茂明
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南京肯微弗通信技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2018058722A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018058722A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0018—Space- fed arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction

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  • the invention relates to a dual-polarization transmitting and receiving shared waveguide array antenna in the field of communication and measurement and control, and is suitable for a low-profile flat-panel satellite communication antenna and a dual-polarized array antenna in a wireless measurement and control system, and is particularly suitable for vehicle-borne (or other mobile carrier) satellite communication.
  • Antenna, polarization-adjustable array antenna is particularly suitable for vehicle-borne (or other mobile carrier) satellite communication.
  • Satellite communication has the advantages of wide coverage and small interference. Combining low-orbiting satellite constellation with cellular communication technology to realize global personal communication is the future development of satellite communication; currently, on mobile carriers, anytime, anywhere and satellite Communication has become an urgent need for military-civilian dual-use emergency communication and real-time communication.
  • the on-board (onboard or airborne) satellite mobile communication system is often referred to as “moving in the middle”.
  • One of the core technologies of the mobile communication is the antenna technology.
  • the antenna form of the moving medium includes the reflector antenna, the panel antenna, and the lens antenna. And phased array antennas, etc.
  • In the high-speed mobile carrier to ensure communication quality not only requires the antenna to have a high gain, but also requires the entire system to be small in size, low in profile, and low in weight.
  • the main disadvantages of the reflector antenna are that the volume and weight are large. The wind resistance is high and the star speed is slow under high-speed movement.
  • the disadvantages of the phased array antenna are that the transmission and reception are difficult to share, the power scan has gain loss, and the manufacturing and maintenance costs are high.
  • the flat panel antenna has the advantages of low profile, high efficiency of the mouth surface, and fast star speed, and is particularly suitable for use in moving through.
  • U.S. Patent No. 5,872,245 discloses a multi-layer stacked microwave antenna comprising one or more planar radiant panels and a beam forming network having a basic structure of three layers, one layer of open radiating element arrays and two layers of The feed network layer, the feed network layer allows the reception of two cross-polarized signals.
  • the feed network layer can be a microstrip line, a parallel waveguide, a double lead transmission line, or a combination thereof.
  • a horn antenna array panel antenna is disclosed in the patents PCT/KR2008/001008 and PCT/KR2008/005145.
  • the radiant layer adopts a horn antenna with an inwardly inclined surface feature.
  • the antenna unit In order to ensure the gain and bandwidth of the horn antenna, the antenna unit must adopt a slope with a gentle slope to achieve impedance matching with air, resulting in a relatively high profile height of the antenna. That is thicker.
  • the size of the horn antenna radiating port is large, resulting in poor side lobes of the radiation lobe pattern.
  • IDOIT was in patent A solution for improving the sidelobe characteristics is disclosed in PCT/KR2008/003036 by adding a 2x2 metal grid to the radiating port of the horn antenna unit, which adds design complexity and production cost. IDOIT announced the waveguide feed network of the horn antenna array in the above patent. The network structure is complex, the electromagnetic channel is narrow, processing and plating are difficult, and some details of the design also reduce the working bandwidth of the horn antenna.
  • CLP Group's 54th patent CN 102738585A discloses a transceiver horn antenna array.
  • the design adopts a horn waveguide with inclined surface features as a radiation/receiving unit with a large thickness and horizontal polarization.
  • the vertical polarization adopts the waveguide feeding mode, but the horizontally polarized radiation is obtained by polarization rotation of the vertically polarized wave, the structure is relatively complicated, and there is polarization loss.
  • QEST in the patents PCT/EP2010/002645 and PCT/EP2013/001923, discloses a horn antenna array flat-panel satellite antenna, which expands the working bandwidth by loading a symmetrical ridge to the horn antenna unit, and designs a plurality of steps in the horn to realize the antenna. Matches the impedance of the air.
  • QEST further discloses a method of comprehensively using a suspended microstrip line and a waveguide network for feeding, which has a complicated structure and a large overall thickness.
  • a flat-panel satellite dish is disclosed in the patents PCT/BG2004/000011, US Pat. No. 7,307,586 B2 and US Pat. No. 2006/0152414 A1, which form a radiant channel by stacking a plurality of open metal plates, and then use two layers separated by upper and lower spaces.
  • the microstrip line is dual-polarized and the primary amplifier and LNB are directly integrated in the rear of the antenna panel. The structure is compact, but the microstrip line feeds the dielectric loss and the antenna radiation efficiency is low.
  • the dual-polarization transmitting and receiving common waveguide array antenna of the invention adopts a waveguide network structure to feed the flat-panel satellite antenna, broadens the working bandwidth of the flat-panel satellite antenna, realizes the transceiving and sharing of the antenna interface, reduces the radiation grating lobe, and is an electromagnetic wave.
  • the automatic adjustment of the polarization direction provides an interface.
  • a technical solution for achieving the object of the present invention is a dual-polarization transceiver shared waveguide array antenna, comprising N broadband dual-polarized antenna sub-arrays and polarization adjusting devices, and the broadband dual-polarized antenna sub-array comprises a dual-polarized open-waveguide array radiation layer And a network feed layer, the dual-polarized open waveguide array radiation layer is disposed above the network feed layer, and the polarization adjustment device is disposed below the network feed layer.
  • the dual-polarized open waveguide array radiation layer includes a plurality of open waveguide units for transmitting dual polarized signals, the dual polarized signals including horizontally polarized signals and vertically polarized signals.
  • the open waveguide unit includes an upper surface of the open waveguide unit, a sub-wavelength radiation opening, an interference protrusion, a resonant cavity, and a cavity having a reduced inner diameter, and the upper surface of the open waveguide unit is divided into a plurality of sub-surfaces.
  • the wavelength radiation opening is provided at the center of the upper surface of the open waveguide unit with a downward interference protrusion, the resonant cavity is disposed below the upper surface of the open waveguide unit, and the inner diameter reduced cavity is disposed below the resonant cavity.
  • the upper surface of the open waveguide unit has a symmetrical regular shape, and the upper surface of the open waveguide unit is square or circular or hexagonal or octagonal;
  • the subwavelength radiation opening has a symmetrical regular shape.
  • the subwavelength radiation opening is square or circular or hexagonal or octagonal;
  • the interference protrusions in the dry shape have a regular symmetrical shape, and the shape of the interference protrusion is a cylinder or a square column or a hexagonal column or an octagonal column.
  • the cavity wall of the cavity is a straight metal wall;
  • the cavity with a reduced inner diameter is a symmetrical octagonal chamfer.
  • the network feed layer is a waveguide network feed layer or a microstrip line network feed layer or a suspended strip line network feed layer.
  • the network feed layer is a waveguide network feed layer
  • the waveguide network feed layer includes a horizontal polarization feed network layer and a vertical polarization feed network layer, and the horizontal polarization signal is fed through the horizontal polarization.
  • the network layer enters the polarization adjustment device, and the vertically polarized signal enters the polarization adjustment device through the vertical polarization feed network layer, and the polarization adjustment device performs polarization synthesis and polarization decomposition on the input electromagnetic signal.
  • the horizontal polarization feeding network layer includes a horizontal polarization coupling cavity, a reduced diameter horizontal polarization coupling cavity, a first horizontal polarization feeding port, a second horizontal polarization feeding port, and a first Level one-two power distribution network, second-level one-two power distribution network, third-level one-two power distribution network, fourth-level one-two power distribution network, waveguide channel and fifth-level one-two power distribution network
  • the horizontally polarized coupling cavity is disposed below the inner diameter reduced cavity, and the inner diameter reduced horizontal polarization coupling cavity is disposed below the horizontal polarization coupling cavity, and the dual polarized signal enters from the upper port surface of the open waveguide unit, and passes through the horizontal After the polarization coupling cavity is screened, the horizontally polarized coupling cavity with the inner diameter is reduced to enter the first horizontal polarization feeding port; the dual polarization signal enters from the upper surface of the adjacent open waveguide unit, and is filtered by the horizontal polarization coupling
  • the horizontally polarized coupling cavity with the reduced inner diameter then enters the adjacent second horizontal polarization feed port, the horizontal poles of the first horizontal polarization feed port and the second horizontal polarization feed port
  • the horizontally polarized signal synthesized by the first-stage one-two power distribution network enters the second-level one-two power distribution network, and the third-level one-two power distribution
  • the network synthesizes the horizontally polarized signal synthesized by the adjacent second-stage one-two-two power distribution network
  • the fourth-level one-two-two power distribution network synthesizes the horizontally polarized signal synthesized by the adjacent third-stage one-two-two power distribution network
  • the waveguide channel synthesizes the horizontally polarized signal synthesized by the adjacent fourth-stage one-two power distribution network
  • the fifth-level one-two power distribution network synthesizes the horizontally polarized signal synthesized by the adjacent waveguide channel.
  • the vertical polarization feeding network layer includes a vertical polarization coupling cavity, a first vertical polarization feeding port, a second vertical polarization feeding port, a vertical polarization one-two power distribution waveguide network, A one-two power distribution waveguide network of a vertically polarized four-element antenna sub-array and a waveguide transmission port of a vertically-polarized four-element antenna sub-array, the dual-polarized signal enters from the upper surface of the open waveguide unit through the vertical polarization coupling cavity
  • the filtered signal is synthesized from the first vertical polarization feed port, and the vertically polarized signals of the first vertical polarization feed port and the second vertical polarization feed port are synthesized by a vertical polarization one-two power distribution waveguide network.
  • the vertical polarization signal synthesized by the vertically polarized one-two power distribution waveguide network enters the one-two power distribution waveguide network of the vertically-polarized four-element antenna sub-array, and the waveguide transmission interface synthesis phase of the vertically-polarized four-element antenna sub-array
  • the vertically polarized signal has two steps or more steps at the right angle bend and its mirror position.
  • the polarization adjusting device is an orthogonal mode coupler
  • the dual-polarized transmitting and receiving common waveguide array antenna further includes a horizontal polarization network total port and a vertical polarization network total port, and the horizontal polarization signal is horizontally polarized.
  • the feed network layer converges on the total port of the horizontally polarized network, and the vertically polarized signals are concentrated on the vertical polarization network through the vertical polarization feed network layer, and the horizontal polarization network total port and the vertical polarization network total port are respectively and positively
  • the two polarization inputs of the mode coupler are connected.
  • the invention has a positive effect: (1) The interference protrusion applied at the center of the open waveguide surface of the invention well broadens the working bandwidth of the panel antenna, so that the antenna can realize the transmission and reception sharing.
  • the invention divides the mouth surface of the open waveguide into a plurality of sub-wavelength radiation openings, which reduces the radiation grating lobes and improves the gain of the antenna.
  • the network of the network feed layer in the present invention has a simple network, high feed efficiency, and low processing cost.
  • the present invention only leaves a horizontally polarized total port and a vertically polarized total port on the backplane of the panel antenna, providing an interface for automatic adjustment of the direction of the dual polarization signal.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a broadband dual-polarized antenna sub-array
  • FIG. 3 is a top view of a broadband dual-polarized antenna sub-array
  • Figure 5 is a perspective view of a dual polarized open waveguide array radiation layer
  • Figure 6 is a plan view of the open waveguide unit
  • Figure 7 is an open waveguide unit in which the interference protrusion is a cylinder
  • Figure 8 is an open waveguide unit in which the interference protrusion is a cone
  • Figure 9 is an open waveguide unit in which the interference protrusion is a truncated cone
  • Figure 10 is an open waveguide unit in which the interference protrusion is an elliptical hemisphere
  • Figure 11 is a side view of a horizontally polarized feed network layer
  • Figure 12 is a top plan view of a horizontally polarized feed network layer
  • Figure 13 is a top plan view of a horizontally polarized feed network layer of a 4 x 8 dual polarization transceiver shared waveguide array antenna;
  • Figure 14 is a side view of a vertically polarized feed network layer
  • Figure 15 is a top plan view of a vertically polarized feed network layer
  • Figure 16 is a top plan view of a vertically polarized feed network layer of a 4 x 8 dual polarization transceiver shared waveguide array antenna;
  • Figure 17 is a rear elevational view of a 4 x 8 dual polarization transceiver shared waveguide array antenna
  • 18 is a schematic diagram of a standing wave ratio of a 4 ⁇ 8 dual polarization transceiver shared waveguide array antenna
  • Figure 19 is a diagram showing the main polarization and cross polarization gain of a 4 x 8 dual polarization transceiver shared waveguide array antenna
  • Figure 20 is a radiation pattern of a 4 x 8 dual polarization transceiver shared waveguide array antenna.
  • dual-polarized transceiver shared waveguide array antenna 1, broadband dual-polarized antenna sub-array, 2, dual-polarized open waveguide array radiation layer, 3, horizontally polarized feed network layer, 4, vertical polarization feed Electrical network layer, 5, orthogonal mode coupler, 21, open waveguide unit, 210, upper port surface of open waveguide unit, 211, sub-wavelength radiation opening, 212, interference protrusion, 213, cavity, 214, inner diameter reduction Resonant cavity, 30, horizontal polarization coupling cavity, 31, horizontally polarized coupling cavity with reduced inner diameter, 32, first horizontal polarization feed port, 33, second horizontal polarization feed port, 34, first stage One-two power distribution network, 35, second-level one-two power distribution network, 36, third-level one-two power distribution network, 37, fourth-level one-two power distribution network, 38, waveguide channel, 39, The fifth-level one-two power distribution network, 41, the vertical polarization coupling cavity, 42, the first vertical polarization feed port, 43
  • the present invention discloses a dual-polarization transceiver shared waveguide array antenna 100, including N.
  • a broadband dual-polarized antenna sub-array 1 and a polarization adjusting device the broadband dual-polarized antenna sub-array 1 comprises a dual-polarized open-waveguide array radiating layer 2 and a network feeding layer, and the dual-polarized open-waveguide array radiating layer 2 is disposed at Above the network feed layer, the polarization adjustment device is disposed below the network feed layer.
  • the dual-polarized open-waveguide array radiation layer 2 can realize the transmission and reception of the broadband orthogonal polarization signal;
  • N is a natural number greater than 1, depending on the index requirements of the different dual-polarization transceiver shared waveguide array antenna 100.
  • the dual-polarized open waveguide array radiation layer 2 includes a plurality of open waveguide units 21 for transmitting dual polarized signals including horizontally polarized signals and vertically polarized signals.
  • the open waveguide unit 21 includes an upper surface 210 of the open waveguide unit, a sub-wavelength radiation opening 211, an interference protrusion 212, a resonant cavity 213, and a cavity 214 having a reduced inner diameter, and an upper port of the open waveguide unit.
  • the surface 210 is divided into a plurality of sub-wavelength radiation openings 211.
  • the center of the upper surface 210 of the open waveguide unit is provided with a downward interference protrusion 212.
  • the cavity 213 is disposed below the upper surface 210 of the open waveguide unit.
  • the cavity 214 having a reduced inner diameter is disposed below the cavity 213.
  • the upper surface 210 of the open waveguide unit has a symmetrical regular shape, and the upper surface 210 of the open waveguide unit is square or circular or hexagonal or octagonal;
  • the sub-wavelength radiation opening 211 has a symmetrical regular shape, and the sub-wavelength radiation opening 211 It is square or circular or hexagonal or octagonal;
  • the interference protrusion 212 has a regular symmetrical shape, and the shape of the interference protrusion 212 is a cylinder or a square column or a hexagonal column or an octagonal column or a chamfered column.
  • the sub-wavelength radiation opening 211 may be a square or circular shape with a chamfer or a hexagon or an octagon.
  • the interference protrusion 212 can effectively expand the working bandwidth.
  • the open waveguide unit 21 is a cavity 214 having a reduced inner diameter, as shown in FIGS.
  • the cavity having a reduced inner diameter 214 is a symmetric octagonal chamfer structure, which satisfactorily achieves impedance matching between the open waveguide unit 21 and the underlying network feed layer.
  • the upper surface 210 of the open waveguide unit is not limited to a square or a circle or a hexagon. Or octagonal; the sub-wavelength radiation opening 211 is not limited to a square or a circle or a hexagon or an octagon; wherein FIG. 7 is an open waveguide unit 21 in which the interference protrusion 212 is a cylinder; FIG. 8 is an interference protrusion 212. a tapered open waveguide unit 21; FIG. 9 is an open waveguide unit 21 in which the interference protrusion 212 is a circular stage; and FIG. 10 is an open waveguide in which the interference protrusion 212 is an elliptical hemisphere Unit 21.
  • the network feed layer is a waveguide network feed layer or a microstrip line network feed layer or a suspended strip line network feed layer.
  • the network feed layer is a waveguide network feed layer
  • the waveguide network feed layer includes a horizontal polarization feed network layer 3 and a vertical polarization feed network layer 4, and the horizontal polarization signal is subjected to horizontal polarization feed.
  • the electrical network layer 3 enters the polarization adjustment device
  • the vertically polarized signal enters the polarization adjustment device through the vertical polarization feed network layer 4, and the polarization adjustment device performs polarization synthesis and polarization decomposition on the input electromagnetic signal.
  • the horizontally polarized feed network layer 3 and the vertically polarized feed network layer 4 are upper and lower layers, and the hierarchical relationship between the two can be interchanged.
  • the horizontally polarized feed network layer 3 includes a horizontal polarization coupling cavity 30, a reduced diameter horizontal polarization coupling cavity 31, a first horizontal polarization feed port 32, and a second horizontal polarization feed.
  • the electrical port 33, the first-stage one-two power distribution network 34, the second-level one-two power distribution network 35, the third-level one-two power distribution network 36, the fourth-level one-two power distribution network 37, and the waveguide channel 38 and a fifth-stage one-two power distribution network 39, the horizontal polarization coupling cavity 30 is disposed below the inner diameter-reduced cavity 214, and the inner-diameter-reduced horizontal polarization coupling cavity 31 is disposed below the horizontal polarization coupling cavity 30.
  • the dual polarized signal enters from the upper surface 210 of the open waveguide unit, is filtered by the horizontal polarization coupling cavity 30, and enters the first horizontal polarization feed port 32 via the horizontally polarized coupling cavity 31 having an inner diameter reduction; Entering from the upper surface 210 of the adjacent open waveguide unit, after being filtered by the horizontal polarization coupling cavity 30, the adjacent horizontally polarized horizontal polarization coupling cavity 31 enters the adjacent second horizontal polarization feed port 33.
  • the second power distribution network 35, the third-stage one-two power distribution network 36 synthesizes the horizontal polarization signals synthesized by the adjacent second-stage one-two power distribution networks 35, and the fourth-level one-two power distribution network 37 synthesizes the adjacent
  • the third-stage one-two-two power distribution network 36 synthesizes the horizontally polarized signal
  • the waveguide channel 38 synthesizes the horizontally polarized signal synthesized by the adjacent fourth-stage one-two-two power distribution network 37
  • the fifth-level one-two power distribution Network 39 synthesizes the horizontally polarized signals synthesized by adjacent waveguide channels 38.
  • the horizontally polarized feed network layer 3 comprises a multi-stage one-two power distribution network, each stage One-two power distribution networks present a "T" shape.
  • the vertically polarized feed network layer 4 includes a vertical polarization coupling cavity 41, a first vertical polarization feed port 42, a second vertical polarization feed port 43, and a vertical polarization one-two.
  • the waveguide transmission port 46 of the vertically polarized four-element antenna sub-array synthesizes the vertically polarized signal synthesized by the one-two power distribution waveguide network 45 of the adjacent vertically-polarized four-element antenna sub-array.
  • the fourth-pole vertical polarization power division network 47 synthesizes the vertically polarized signals synthesized by the waveguide transmission ports 46 of the adjacent vertically-polarized four-element antenna sub-arrays; the adjacent fourth-pole vertical polarization power division network 47 is synthesized.
  • the vertically polarized signal enters the fifth pole vertical polarization power division network 410 through the vertical waveguide channel 48.
  • the double-polarized signal After the double-polarized signal is filtered by the horizontal polarization coupling cavity 30, it enters the vertical polarization coupling cavity 41, and the horizontally polarized signal is an evanescent wave in the vertical polarization coupling cavity 41, and cannot propagate.
  • the vertically polarized signal filtered through the vertical polarization coupling cavity 41 enters the waveguide network feed layer from the first vertical polarization feed port 42.
  • the polarization adjusting means is an orthogonal mode coupler 5.
  • the dual-polarization transceiver shared waveguide array antenna further includes a horizontal polarization network total port 320 and a vertical polarization network total port 420, and the horizontal polarization signal is concentrated on the horizontal polarization network total port 320 through the horizontal polarization feed network layer 3, and is vertical.
  • the polarized signals are concentrated on the vertical polarization network interface 420 through the vertical polarization feed network layer 4, and the two polarizations of the horizontal polarization network total port 320 and the vertical polarization network total port 420 and the orthogonal mode coupler 5, respectively.
  • the input ports are connected.
  • the horizontally polarized network total port 320 and the vertically polarized network total port 420 are polarization synthesized by the orthogonal mode coupler 5, due to the horizontally polarized network total port 320 and the vertically polarized network total port 420
  • the components are orthogonal to each other.
  • the dual-polarized signal When the dual-polarization transceiver shared waveguide array antenna 100 operates in the receiving state, the dual-polarized signal enters from the upper surface 210 of the open waveguide unit to the insertion loss and phase shift from the exit of the orthogonal mode coupler 5, bipolar When the shared-transmission shared waveguide array antenna 100 operates in a circularly polarized state, the double-polarized signal enters from the upper surface 210 of the open waveguide unit to the insertion loss from the exit of the orthogonal mode coupler 5, and the phase shifts are different by 90°.
  • the above description of the working mechanism is taken as an example of receiving a dual-polarized signal.
  • the dual-polarized transmitting and receiving shared waveguide array antenna 100 is used to transmit a dual-polarized signal
  • the vertically polarized signal enters the horizontal polarization through the feeding total port 420.
  • the feeder network 3 is distributed to each of the open waveguide units 21 for radiation through a plurality of stages of one-two-power split networks.
  • the waveguide power dividing network of the present invention has a wider cavity wall, a smoother transmission channel, and a simpler structure than the one-two waveguide power dividing network having a sharp convex portion disclosed in the patent PCT/KR2008/007392. Processing technology.
  • the vertically polarized signal adopts a reflecting surface having two steps at the right angle bend 49 and its mirror position, and the reflective surface design method disclosed by the present invention has a wider width than the conventional right angle bend using the 45° reflecting surface.
  • the reflecting surface can take two steps or more steps.
  • FIG. 19 shows a VSWR curve of a dual-polarized transmitting and receiving shared waveguide array antenna 100.
  • the dual-polarized transmitting and receiving shared waveguide array antenna 100 operates in a Ku band, and its typical transmitting and receiving frequency band is 12.25 to 12.75.
  • GHz the return loss at 14.0 ⁇ 14.5GHz is lower than -20dB;
  • Figure 20 shows the main polarization and cross-polarization frequency response curves of the dual-polarization transceiver shared waveguide array antenna 100 over the entire frequency band. It can be seen that the cross-polarization level can be controlled within 25 dB in the entire operating frequency band, which is fully verified. The effectiveness of this program.
  • Figure 21 shows the radiation pattern of the dual polarization transceiver shared waveguide array antenna 100 at a typical frequency point. Its 3dB width is only about 8°, and its side lobes are less than 15dB, which fully proves the efficiency of this scheme.

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Abstract

本发明涉及通信及测控领域，尤其涉及双极化收发共用波导阵列天线，双极化收发共用波导阵列天线，包括N个宽带双极化天线子阵列和极化调整装置，宽带双极化天线子阵列包括双极化开口波导阵列辐射层和网络馈电层，双极化开口波导阵列辐射层设置在网络馈电层的上方，极化调整装置设置在网络馈电层的下方。本发明采用波导网络结构对平板卫星天线进行馈电，拓宽了平板卫星天线的工作带宽，实现了天线口面的收发共用，降低了辐射栅瓣，并为电磁波极化方向的自动调整提供了接口。

Description

双极化收发共用波导阵列天线 技术领域
本发明涉及通信及测控领域中的双极化收发共用波导阵列天线，适用于低剖面平板卫星通信天线及无线测控系统中的双极化阵列天线，特别适用于车载(或其它移动载体)卫星通信天线、极化可调的阵列天线。
背景技术
卫星通信具有覆盖范围广、受干扰小等优点，将低轨卫星群与蜂窝通信技术相结合实现全球个人通信是未来卫星通信发展的趋势；就目前而言，在移动载体上随时随地和卫星进行通信，已成为军民两用应急通信、实时通信的迫切需求。车载(船载或机载)卫星移动通信系统通常又称为“动中通”，动中通的核心技术之一就是天线技术，动中通的天线形式包括反射面天线、平板天线、透镜天线和相控阵天线等。在高速移动载体上要保证通信质量，不仅仅要求天线有很高的增益，同时要求整个系统体积小、剖面低、重量小。反射面天线的主要缺点是体积和重量较大，高速移动状态下风阻很大、对星速度慢；相控阵天线的缺点是收发难以共用、电扫描有增益损失、制造及维护成本高；相对而言，平板天线具备剖面低、口面效率高、对星速度快的优势，特别适合在动中通中使用。
美国专利公开号为US5872545的专利公布了一种多层平板堆叠的微波天线，包括一块或多块平面辐射板及波束形成网络，其基本结构有三层，一层为开口辐射单元阵列，两层为馈电网络层，馈电网络层允许两路交叉极化信号的接收。馈电网络层可以是微带线，平行波导，双引传输线，亦或是它们的组合。
韩国的IDOIT公司在专利PCT/KR2008/001008和PCT/KR2008/005145中公布了一种喇叭天线阵平板天线。其辐射层采用具有内收倾斜面特征的喇叭天线，为了保证喇叭天线的增益和带宽，天线单元必需采用坡度较缓的倾斜面来实现其与空气的阻抗匹配，从而导致天线的剖面高度比较大，即比较厚。另外，喇叭天线辐射端口尺寸较大，导致其辐射波瓣图的副瓣较差。其后，IDOIT公司在专利 PCT/KR2008/003036中公布了一种改善副瓣特性的方案，即在喇叭天线单元的辐射端口加装2×2金属网格，该设计增加了设计复杂度和生产成本。IDOIT公司在上述专利中公布了喇叭天线阵的波导馈电网络，该网络结构复杂，电磁通道狭窄，加工、电镀都很困难，且若干细节设计也会降低了喇叭天线的工作带宽。
中电集团第五十四研究所在专利CN 101083359A和CN 201060943Y中公布了一种高增益双线极化或双圆极化波导阵列天线的设计方案，该方案也采用辐射层、水平极化层和垂直极化层的三层结构，其水平极化采用耦合馈电，垂直极化采用直接馈电，馈电方式简便，但难以对接收到的电磁波进行极化合成，而且设计方案中简单的方形或圆形谐振腔限制了该天线的工作带宽。其后，中电集团五十四所在专利CN 102738585A中公布了一种收发共用喇叭天线阵，该设计方案采用具有倾斜面特征的喇叭波导作为辐射/接收单元，厚度较大，其水平极化和垂直极化均采用波导馈电方式，但其水平极化的辐射是由垂直极化波进行极化旋转得来，结构较为复杂，且存在极化损耗。
德国QEST公司在专利PCT/EP2010/002645和PCT/EP2013/001923中公布了一种喇叭天线阵平板卫星天线，通过对喇叭天线单元加载对称脊扩展了工作带宽，在喇叭内设计多个台阶实现天线与空气的阻抗匹配。QEST公司在专利PCT/EP2013/001939中进一步公布了综合运用悬置微带线和波导网络进行馈电的方式，结构复杂，总体厚度较大。
美国Raysat公司在专利PCT/BG2004/000011，US 7307586 B2和US 2006/0152414 A1中公布了一种平板卫星天线，该天线通过堆叠多层开口金属板形成辐射通道，再利用上下间隔分离的两层微带线进行双极化馈电，并将初级放大器和LNB直接集成于天线面板后部，结构紧凑，但是微带线馈电的介质损耗大，天线辐射效率也较低。
总之，保证天线的增益和带宽，同时降低平板卫星天线的厚度是卫星天线设计领域的永远追求。
发明内容
本发明双极化收发共用波导阵列天线，采用波导网络结构对平板卫星天线进行馈电，拓宽了平板卫星天线的工作带宽，实现了天线口面的收发共用，降低了辐射栅瓣，并为电磁波极化方向的自动调整提供了接口。
实现本发明目的的技术方案是，双极化收发共用波导阵列天线，包括N个宽带双极化天线子阵列和极化调整装置，宽带双极化天线子阵列包括双极化开口波导阵列辐射层和网络馈电层，双极化开口波导阵列辐射层设置在网络馈电层的上方，极化调整装置设置在网络馈电层的下方。
作为本发明的优化方案，双极化开口波导阵列辐射层包括多个用于传输双极化信号的开口波导单元，双极化信号包括水平极化信号和垂直极化信号。
作为本发明的优化方案，开口波导单元包括开口波导单元的上口面、亚波长辐射开口、干扰凸起、谐振腔和内径缩小的谐振腔，开口波导单元的上口面剖分为多个亚波长辐射开口，开口波导单元的上口面的中心处设置有向下的干扰凸起，谐振腔设置在开口波导单元的上口面的下方，内径缩小的谐振腔设置在谐振腔的下方。
作为本发明的优化方案，开口波导单元的上口面呈对称规则形状，开口波导单元的上口面为方形或圆形或六边形或八边形；亚波长辐射开口呈对称规则形状，所述亚波长辐射开口为方形或圆形或六边形或八边形；干所述的干扰凸起呈规则的对称形状，干扰凸起的形状为圆柱或方柱或六边柱或八边柱或带有倒角的柱形结构或圆锥或棱锥或圆台或棱台或椭球或半球；谐振腔的腔壁为金属直壁；内径缩小的谐振腔为对称的八边形倒角结构。
作为本发明的优化方案，网络馈电层为波导网络馈电层或微带线网络馈电层或悬置带线网络馈电层。
作为本发明的优化方案，网络馈电层为波导网络馈电层，波导网络馈电层包括水平极化馈电网络层和垂直极化馈电网络层，水平极化信号经过水平极化馈电网络层进入到极化调整装置中，垂直极化信号经过垂直极化馈电网络层进入到极化调整装置中，极化调整装置将输入的电磁信号进行极化合成和极化分解。
作为本发明的优化方案，水平极化馈电网络层包括水平极化耦合腔、内径缩小的水平极化耦合腔、第一水平极化馈电端口、第二水平极化馈电端口、第一级一分二功率分配网络、第二级一分二功率分配网络、第三级一分二功率分配网络、第四级一分二功率分配网络、波导通道和第五级一分二功率分配网络，水平极化耦合腔设置在内径缩小的谐振腔的下方，内径缩小的水平极化耦合腔设置在水平极化耦合腔的下方，双极化信号从开口波导单元的上口面进入，经过水平极化耦合腔筛选后经内径缩小的水平极化耦合腔进入到第一水平极化馈电端口；双极化信号从相邻的开口波导单元的上口面进入，经过水平极化耦合腔筛选后经相邻的内径缩小的水平极化耦合腔进入到相邻的第二水平极化馈电端口，第一水平极化馈电端口和第二水平极化馈电端口的水平极化信号通过第一级一分二功率分配网络合成后，经第一级一分二功率分配网络合成后的水平极化信号进入第二级一分二功率分配网络，第三级一分二功率分配网络合成相邻的第二级一分二功率分配网络合成的水平极化信号，第四级一分二功率分配网络合成相邻的第三级一分二功率分配网络合成的水平极化信号，波导通道合成相邻的第四级一分二功率分配网络合成的水平极化信号，第五级一分二功率分配网络合成相邻的波导通道合成的水平极化信号。
作为本发明的优化方案，垂直极化馈电网络层包括垂直极化耦合腔、第一垂直极化馈电端口、第二垂直极化馈电端口、垂直极化一分二功率分配波导网络、垂直极化四单元天线子阵的一分二功率分配波导网络和垂直极化四单元天线子阵的波导传输口，双极化信号从开口波导单元的上口面进入，通过垂直极化耦合腔筛选出来的信号从第一垂直极化馈电端口，第一垂直极化馈电端口和第二垂直极化馈电端口的垂直极化信号通过垂直极化一分二功率分配波导网络合成后，经垂直极化一分二功率分配波导网络合成后的垂直极化信号进入垂直极化四单元天线子阵的一分二功率分配波导网络，垂直极化四单元天线子阵的波导传输口合成相邻的垂直极化四单元天线子阵的一分二功率分配波导网络合成的垂直极化信号。
作为本发明的优化方案，垂直极化信号在直角弯及其镜像位置处具有两个台阶或者更多个台阶。
作为本发明的优化方案，极化调整装置为正交模式耦合器，双极化收发共用波导阵列天线还包括水平极化网络总口和垂直极化网络总口，水平极化信号经过水平极化馈电网络层汇聚于水平极化网络总口，垂直极化信号经过垂直极化馈电网络层汇聚于垂直极化网络总口，水平极化网络总口和垂直极化网络总口分别和正交模式耦合器的两路极化输入口相连。
本发明具有积极的效果：(1)本发明在开口波导口面中心处所加的干扰凸起很好地拓宽了该平板天线的工作带宽，使得该天线可以实现收发共用。
(2)本发明将开口波导的口面剖分为若干亚波长辐射开口，很好地降低了辐射栅瓣，提高了天线的增益。
(3)本发明中的网络馈电层的网络简洁、馈电效率高，加工成本低。
(4)本发明只在平板天线的背板留有水平极化总口和垂直极化总口，为双极化信号方向的自动调整提供了接口。
附图说明
为了使本发明的内容更容易被清楚地理解，下面根据具体实施例并结合附图，对本发明作进一步详细的说明：
图1为本发明的整体结构示意图；
图2为宽带双极化天线子阵列的结构图；
图3为宽带双极化天线子阵列放入俯视图；
图4为开口波导单元的结构图；
图5为双极化开口波导阵列辐射层的透视图；
图6为开口波导单元的俯视图；
图7是干扰凸起为圆柱的开口波导单元；
图8是干扰凸起为圆锥的开口波导单元；
图9是干扰凸起为圆台的开口波导单元；
图10是干扰凸起为椭半球的开口波导单元；
图11是水平极化馈电网络层的侧视图；
图12是水平极化馈电网络层的俯视图；
图13是4×8双极化收发共用波导阵列天线的水平极化馈电网络层的俯视图；
图14是垂直极化馈电网络层的侧视图；
图15是垂直极化馈电网络层的俯视图；
图16是4×8双极化收发共用波导阵列天线的垂直极化馈电网络层的俯视图；
图17是4×8双极化收发共用波导阵列天线的背视图；
图18是4×8双极化收发共用波导阵列天线的驻波比示意图；
图19是4×8双极化收发共用波导阵列天线的主极化和交叉极化增益图；
图20是4×8双极化收发共用波导阵列天线的辐射方向图。
其中：100、双极化收发共用波导阵列天线，1、宽带双极化天线子阵列，2、双极化开口波导阵列辐射层，3、水平极化馈电网络层，4、垂直极化馈电网络层，5、正交模式耦合器，21、开口波导单元，210、开口波导单元的上口面，211、亚波长辐射开口，212、干扰凸起，213、谐振腔，214、内径缩小的谐振腔，30、水平极化耦合腔，31、内径缩小的水平极化耦合腔，32、第一水平极化馈电端口，33、第二水平极化馈电端口，34、第一级一分二功率分配网络，35、第二级一分二功率分配网络，36、第三级一分二功率分配网络，37、第四级一分二功率分配网络，38、波导通道，39、第五级一分二功率分配网络，41、垂直极化耦合腔，42、第一垂直极化馈电端口，43、第二垂直极化馈电端口，44、垂直极化一分二功率分配波导网络，45、垂直极化四单元天线子阵的一分二功率分配波导网络，46、垂直极化四单元天线子阵的波导传输口，320、水平极化网络总口，420、垂直极化网络总口，47、第四极垂直极化功分网络，48、垂直波导通道，49、直角弯，410、第五极垂直极化功分网络。
具体实施方式
如图1所示，本发明公开了一种双极化收发共用波导阵列天线100，包括N 个宽带双极化天线子阵列1和极化调整装置，宽带双极化天线子阵列1包括双极化开口波导阵列辐射层2和网络馈电层，双极化开口波导阵列辐射层2设置在网络馈电层的上方，极化调整装置设置在网络馈电层的下方。其中，双极化开口波导阵列辐射层2可以实现宽频正交极化信号的收发；N为大于1的自然数，取决于不同双极化收发共用波导阵列天线100的指标要求。
如图2所示，双极化开口波导阵列辐射层2包括多个用于传输双极化信号的开口波导单元21，双极化信号包括水平极化信号和垂直极化信号。
如图3-10所示，开口波导单元21包括开口波导单元的上口面210、亚波长辐射开口211、干扰凸起212、谐振腔213和内径缩小的谐振腔214，开口波导单元的上口面210剖分为多个亚波长辐射开口211，开口波导单元的上口面210的中心处设置有向下的干扰凸起212，谐振腔213设置在开口波导单元的上口面210的下方，内径缩小的谐振腔214设置在谐振腔213的下方。
开口波导单元的上口面210呈对称规则形状，开口波导单元的上口面210为方形或圆形或六边形或八边形；亚波长辐射开口211呈对称规则形状，亚波长辐射开口211为方形或圆形或六边形或八边形；干扰凸起212呈规则的对称形状，干扰凸起212的形状为圆柱或方柱或六边柱或八边柱或带有倒角的柱形结构或圆锥或棱锥或圆台或棱台或椭球或半球；谐振腔213的腔壁为金属直壁；内径缩小的谐振腔214为对称的八边形倒角结构。其中，亚波长辐射开口211可以是带有倒角的方形或圆形或六边形或八边形。干扰凸起212可以有效的拓展工作的带宽，为了实现开口波导单元21与外部空气的阻抗匹配，开口波导单元21是内径缩小的谐振腔214，如图4和5所示，内径缩小的谐振腔214是对称的八边形倒角结构，很好的实现了开口波导单元21与下面的网络馈电层的阻抗匹配，开口波导单元的上口面210不局限于方形或圆形或六边形或八边形；亚波长辐射开口211不局限于方形或圆形或六边形或八边形；其中图7是干扰凸起212为圆柱的开口波导单元21；图8是干扰凸起212为圆锥的开口波导单元21；图9是干扰凸起212为圆台的开口波导单元21；图10是干扰凸起212为椭半球的开口波导 单元21。
网络馈电层为波导网络馈电层或微带线网络馈电层或悬置带线网络馈电层。
如图1所示，网络馈电层为波导网络馈电层，波导网络馈电层包括水平极化馈电网络层3和垂直极化馈电网络层4，水平极化信号经过水平极化馈电网络层3进入到极化调整装置中，垂直极化信号经过垂直极化馈电网络层4进入到极化调整装置中，极化调整装置将输入的电磁信号进行极化合成和极化分解。其中，水平极化馈电网络层3和垂直极化馈电网络层4为上下层的结构，二者的层次关系可以互换。
如图11-13所示，水平极化馈电网络层3包括水平极化耦合腔30、内径缩小的水平极化耦合腔31、第一水平极化馈电端口32、第二水平极化馈电端口33、第一级一分二功率分配网络34、第二级一分二功率分配网络35、第三级一分二功率分配网络36、第四级一分二功率分配网络37、波导通道38和第五级一分二功率分配网络39，水平极化耦合腔30设置在内径缩小的谐振腔214的下方，内径缩小的水平极化耦合腔31设置在水平极化耦合腔30的下方，双极化信号从开口波导单元的上口面210进入，经过水平极化耦合腔30筛选后经内径缩小的水平极化耦合腔31进入到第一水平极化馈电端口32；双极化信号从相邻的开口波导单元的上口面210进入，经过水平极化耦合腔30筛选后经相邻的内径缩小的水平极化耦合腔31进入到相邻的第二水平极化馈电端口33，第一水平极化馈电端口32和第二水平极化馈电端口33的水平极化信号通过第一级一分二功率分配网络34合成后，经第一级一分二功率分配网络34合成后的水平极化信号进入第二级一分二功率分配网络35，第三级一分二功率分配网络36合成相邻的第二级一分二功率分配网络35合成的水平极化信号，第四级一分二功率分配网络37合成相邻的第三级一分二功率分配网络36合成的水平极化信号，波导通道38合成相邻的第四级一分二功率分配网络37合成的水平极化信号，第五级一分二功率分配网络39合成相邻的波导通道38合成的水平极化信号。其中，在内径缩小的谐振腔214的下方是水平极化耦合腔30和内径缩小的水平极化耦合腔31， 水平极化耦合腔30到内径缩小的水平极化耦合腔31的内径逐渐缩小，可以实现阻抗较好的匹配；水平极化馈电网络层3包含多级一分二功率分配网络，每一级一分二功率分配网络呈现“T”字形。
如图14-16所示，垂直极化馈电网络层4包括垂直极化耦合腔41、第一垂直极化馈电端口42、第二垂直极化馈电端口43、垂直极化一分二功率分配波导网络44、垂直极化四单元天线子阵的一分二功率分配波导网络45和垂直极化四单元天线子阵的波导传输口46，双极化信号从开口波导单元的上口面210进入，通过垂直极化耦合腔41筛选出来的信号从第一垂直极化馈电端口42，第一垂直极化馈电端口42和第二垂直极化馈电端口43的垂直极化信号通过垂直极化一分二功率分配波导网络44合成后，经垂直极化一分二功率分配波导网络44合成后的垂直极化信号进入垂直极化四单元天线子阵的一分二功率分配波导网络45，垂直极化四单元天线子阵的波导传输口46合成相邻的垂直极化四单元天线子阵的一分二功率分配波导网络45合成的垂直极化信号。同理，第四极垂直极化功分网络47合成相邻的垂直极化四单元天线子阵的波导传输口46合成的垂直极化信号；相邻第四极垂直极化功分网络47合成的垂直极化信号通过垂直波导通道48进入第五极垂直极化功分网络410。
双极化信号经水平极化耦合腔30筛选后，进入垂直极化耦合腔41，水平极化信号在垂直极化耦合腔41中是倏逝波，不能进行传播。经过垂直极化耦合腔41筛选出来的垂直极化信号从第一垂直极化馈电端口42进入波导网络馈电层。
如图17所示，极化调整装置为正交模式耦合器5。
双极化收发共用波导阵列天线还包括水平极化网络总口320和垂直极化网络总口420，水平极化信号经过水平极化馈电网络层3汇聚于水平极化网络总口320，垂直极化信号经过垂直极化馈电网络层4汇聚于垂直极化网络总口420，水平极化网络总口320和垂直极化网络总口420分别和正交模式耦合器5的两路极化输入口相连。水平极化网络总口320和垂直极化网络总口420用正交模式耦合器5进行极化合成，由于水平极化网络总口320和垂直极化网络总口420的极 化分量相互正交，当双极化收发共用波导阵列天线100工作于接收状态时，进行极化合成；当双极化收发共用波导阵列天线100工作于发射状态时，进行极化分解。
当双极化收发共用波导阵列天线100工作于接收状态时，双极化信号从开口波导单元的上口面210进入到从正交模式耦合器5的出口的插损和相移一致，双极化收发共用波导阵列天线100工作于圆极化状态时，双极化信号从开口波导单元的上口面210进入到从正交模式耦合器5的出口的插损一致，相移相差90°。
上述工作机理的表述是以接收双极化信号为例，反之，当双极化收发共用波导阵列天线100用于发射双极化信号时，垂直极化信号通过馈电总端口420进入水平极化馈电网络3，并通过若干级一分二功分网络分配到每个开口波导单元21进行辐射。
相比于专利PCT/KR2008/007392中公布的具有尖锐凸起部分的一分二波导功分网络，本发明中的波导功分网络具有更宽的腔壁，更通畅的传输通道和更简单的加工工艺。
本发明中垂直极化信号在直角弯49及其镜像位置处采用了具有两个台阶的反射面，与传统直角弯处采用45°反射面相比，本发明公布的反射面设计方法具有更宽的带宽和更通畅的传输通道。该反射面可采用两个台阶或者更多个台阶。
如果需要传输双极化信号，需要将合理设计水平极化馈电网络层3和垂直极化馈电网络层4，令两路信号从开口波导单元的上口面210传输至正交模式耦合器5公共口的差损和相移一致，则自由空间信号在正交模式耦合器5公共口复原；如果需要传输圆极化信号，需要将合理设计水平极化馈电网络层3和垂直极化馈电网络层4，令两路信号从开口波导单元的上口面210传输至正交模式耦合器5公共口的差损一致、相差90°，则圆极化信号在正交模式耦合器5公共口合成含原圆极化信息的信号。
图19给出了采用双极化收发共用波导阵列天线100驻波比曲线，该双极化收发共用波导阵列天线100工作于Ku波段，其典型收发频段12.25～12.75 GHz,14.0～14.5GHz处的回波损耗都低于-20dB；
图20给出了双极化收发共用波导阵列天线100在整个频段内的主极化、交叉极化频响曲线，可见在整个工作频段内其交叉极化电平可控制在25dB以内，充分验证了本方案的有效性。
图21给出了双极化收发共用波导阵列天线100在典型频点处的辐射方向图。其3dB宽度只有8°左右，其副瓣小于15dB,充分证明了本方案的高效性。
以上所述的具体实施例，对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明，所应理解的是，以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 双极化收发共用波导阵列天线，其特征在于：包括N个宽带双极化天线子阵列(1)和极化调整装置，所述的宽带双极化天线子阵列(1)包括双极化开口波导阵列辐射层(2)和网络馈电层，所述的双极化开口波导阵列辐射层(2)设置在网络馈电层的上方，所述的极化调整装置设置在网络馈电层的下方。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的双极化收发共用波导阵列天线，其特征在于：所述的双极化开口波导阵列辐射层(2)包括多个用于传输双极化信号的开口波导单元(21)，所述的双极化信号包括水平极化信号和垂直极化信号。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的双极化收发共用波导阵列天线，其特征在于：所述的开口波导单元(21)包括开口波导单元的上口面(210)、亚波长辐射开口(211)、干扰凸起(212)、谐振腔(213)和内径缩小的谐振腔(214)，所述的开口波导单元的上口面(210)剖分为多个亚波长辐射开口(211)，所述的开口波导单元的上口面(210)的中心处设置有向下的干扰凸起(212)，所述的谐振腔(213)设置在开口波导单元的上口面(210)的下方，所述内径缩小的谐振腔(214)设置在谐振腔(213)的下方。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的双极化收发共用波导阵列天线，其特征在于：所述开口波导单元的上口面(210)呈对称规则形状，所述开口波导单元的上口面(210)为方形或圆形或六边形或八边形；所述的亚波长辐射开口(211)呈对称规则形状，所述亚波长辐射开口(211)为方形或圆形或六边形或八边形；所述的干扰凸起(212)呈规则的对称形状，所述干扰凸起(212)的形状为圆柱或方柱或六边柱或八边柱或带有倒角的柱形结构或圆锥或棱锥或圆台或棱台或椭球或半球；谐振腔(213)的腔壁为金属直壁；内径缩小的谐振腔(214)为对称的八边形倒角结构。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的双极化收发共用波导阵列天线，其特征在于：所述的网络馈电层为波导网络馈电层或微带线网络馈电层或悬置带线网络馈电层。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的双极化收发共用波导阵列天线，其特征在于：所述的网络馈电层为波导网络馈电层，所述的波导网络馈电层包括水平极化馈电网 络层(3)和垂直极化馈电网络层(4)，水平极化信号经过水平极化馈电网络层(3)进入到极化调整装置中，垂直极化信号经过垂直极化馈电网络层(4)进入到极化调整装置中，极化调整装置将输入的电磁信号进行极化合成和极化分解。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的双极化收发共用波导阵列天线，其特征在于：所述的水平极化馈电网络层(3)包括水平极化耦合腔(30)、内径缩小的水平极化耦合腔(31)、第一水平极化馈电端口(32)、第二水平极化馈电端口(33)、第一级一分二功率分配网络(34)、第二级一分二功率分配网络(35)、第三级一分二功率分配网络(36)、第四级一分二功率分配网络(37)、波导通道(38)和第五级一分二功率分配网络(39)，所述的水平极化耦合腔(30)设置在内径缩小的谐振腔(214)的下方，所述的内径缩小的水平极化耦合腔(31)设置在水平极化耦合腔(30)的下方，双极化信号从开口波导单元的上口面(210)进入，经过水平极化耦合腔(30)筛选后经内径缩小的水平极化耦合腔(31)进入到第一水平极化馈电端口(32)；双极化信号从相邻的开口波导单元的上口面(210)进入，经过水平极化耦合腔(30)筛选后经相邻的内径缩小的水平极化耦合腔(31)进入到相邻的第二水平极化馈电端口(33)，第一水平极化馈电端口(32)和第二水平极化馈电端口(33)的水平极化信号通过第一级一分二功率分配网络(34)合成后，经第一级一分二功率分配网络(34)合成后的水平极化信号进入第二级一分二功率分配网络(35)，第三级一分二功率分配网络(36)合成相邻的第二级一分二功率分配网络(35)合成的水平极化信号，所述的第四级一分二功率分配网络(37)合成相邻的第三级一分二功率分配网络(36)合成的水平极化信号，所述的波导通道(38)合成相邻的第四级一分二功率分配网络(37)合成的水平极化信号，所述的第五级一分二功率分配网络(39)合成相邻的波导通道(38)合成的水平极化信号。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的双极化收发共用波导阵列天线，其特征在于：所述的垂直极化馈电网络层(4)包括垂直极化耦合腔(41)、第一垂直极化馈电端口(42)、第二垂直极化馈电端口(43)、垂直极化一分二功率分配波导网络(44)、 垂直极化四单元天线子阵的一分二功率分配波导网络(45)和垂直极化四单元天线子阵的波导传输口(46)，双极化信号从开口波导单元的上口面(210)进入，通过垂直极化耦合腔(41)筛选出来的信号从第一垂直极化馈电端口(42)，第一垂直极化馈电端口(42)和第二垂直极化馈电端口(43)的垂直极化信号通过垂直极化一分二功率分配波导网络(44)合成后，经垂直极化一分二功率分配波导网络(44)合成后的垂直极化信号进入垂直极化四单元天线子阵的一分二功率分配波导网络(45)，所述的垂直极化四单元天线子阵的波导传输口(46)合成相邻的垂直极化四单元天线子阵的一分二功率分配波导网络(45)合成的垂直极化信号。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的双极化收发共用波导阵列天线，其特征在于：垂直极化信号在直角弯(49)及其镜像位置处具有两个台阶或者更多个台阶。
  10. 根据权利要求6所述的双极化收发共用波导阵列天线，其特征在于：所述的极化调整装置为正交模式耦合器(5)，所述的双极化收发共用波导阵列天线还包括水平极化网络总口(320)和垂直极化网络总口(420)，水平极化信号经过水平极化馈电网络层(3)汇聚于水平极化网络总口(320)，垂直极化信号经过垂直极化馈电网络层(4)汇聚于垂直极化网络总口(420)，水平极化网络总口(320)和垂直极化网络总口(420)分别和正交模式耦合器(5)的两路极化输入口相连。
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