WO2018057382A1 - Frying oils comprising ethyl cellulose - Google Patents

Frying oils comprising ethyl cellulose Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2018057382A1
WO2018057382A1 PCT/US2017/051482 US2017051482W WO2018057382A1 WO 2018057382 A1 WO2018057382 A1 WO 2018057382A1 US 2017051482 W US2017051482 W US 2017051482W WO 2018057382 A1 WO2018057382 A1 WO 2018057382A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
frying oil
weight
oil
frying
less
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2017/051482
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Roja ERGUN
Asim Syed
Original Assignee
Dow Global Technologies Llc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dow Global Technologies Llc filed Critical Dow Global Technologies Llc
Publication of WO2018057382A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018057382A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
    • A23L5/10—General methods of cooking foods, e.g. by roasting or frying
    • A23L5/11—General methods of cooking foods, e.g. by roasting or frying using oil
    • A23L5/12—Processes other than deep-frying or float-frying using cooking oil in direct contact with the food
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
    • A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
    • A21D13/00—Finished or partly finished bakery products
    • A21D13/60—Deep-fried products, e.g. doughnuts
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23D—EDIBLE OILS OR FATS, e.g. MARGARINES, SHORTENINGS, COOKING OILS
    • A23D9/00—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils
    • A23D9/007—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils characterised by ingredients other than fatty acid triglycerides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs

Definitions

  • Food objects are normally made by a process that includes frying the food product. Frying involves contact between the food objects with frying oil, while the frying oil is at a temperature of 150°C to 250°C. At the frying temperature, the frying oil is liquid. After the frying process, when the food object has cooled to room temperature (23°C), it is desirable that any of the frying oil that remains in or on the food object does not drain away from the food object. Therefore it is desirable that the frying oil, at 23°C, either is a liquid with relatively high viscosity or is a solid.
  • frying oils that had high viscosity at 23 °C or were solid at 23 °C had a relatively high proportion of saturated fats and/or trans fats. Saturated fats and trans fats are nutritionally undesirable. It is desirable to provide a frying process that involves the use of a frying oil that has the desired rheology at frying temperature and at room temperature and that has relatively low proportion of saturated fats and/or trans fats.
  • ethylcellulose into the cooked dough product to reduce oil migration out of the cooked dough product after cooking. It is desired to provide a frying process that reduces oil migration out of the food object after frying.
  • a first aspect of the present invention is a method of cooking a food object comprising exposing the food object to contact with frying oil while the frying oil is at a temperature of 150°C to 250°C, wherein the frying oil comprises
  • Ethylcellulose polymer means a derivative of cellulose in which some of the hydroxyl groups on the repeating glucose units are substituted with ethyl ether groups.
  • the number of ethyl ether groups can vary.
  • the number of ethyl ether groups is characterized by the "percent ethoxyl substitution.” The percent ethoxyl substitution is based on the weight of the substituted product and determined according to a Zeisel gas chromatographic technique as described in ASTM D4794-94 (2003).
  • the ethoxyl substitution (also called “ethyl ether content”) is from 10 to 55%
  • the viscosity of an ethylcellulose polymer is the viscosity of a 5 weight percent solution of that ethylcellulose polymer in a solvent, based on the weight of the solution.
  • the solvent is a mixture of 80% toluene and 20% ethanol by weight.
  • the viscosity of the solution is measured at 25°C in an Ubbelohde viscometer.
  • a "polymer,” as used herein is a relatively large molecule made up of the reaction products of smaller chemical repeat units. Polymers have weight- average molecular weight of 2,000 daltons or higher.
  • the softening point of a material is the temperature below which the material behaves as a solid and above which it begins to be capable of flow under mild to moderate stress. Softening point is measured by the ring and ball method according to ASTM E28-14.
  • An ionic group is a chemical group, which may be a portion of a molecule, for which there is one or more value of pH between 4 and 12 at which, when plural ionic groups are in contact with water at that pH, 50 mole percent or more of the ionic groups will be in an ionized state.
  • an oil is a material that has melting point of 35°C or less and that has one or more carbon atom per molecule.
  • An oil has no ionic group.
  • An oil has no chemical group of the structure -(-CH 2 CH 2 -0-) n - where n is 2 or more.
  • One category of oils is triglycerides, which are triesters of fatty acids with glycerol.
  • Food oils are oils routinely consumed by human beings. Vegetable oils are triglycerides extracted from plants.
  • oleogel refers to a mixture that contains one or more oil and one or more ethylcellulose polymer that is solid at 25 °C.
  • An oleogel may contain one or more additional ingredients such as stearic acid.
  • the oleogel may be a relatively hard solid or a relatively soft solid.
  • a material is considered to be solid if a cube of the material of height 2 cm, placed on a flat surface at 25 °C, will resist collapsing under its own weight to the extent that the height after 1 minute will be 1 cm or higher.
  • Dough is a thick, malleable paste made from flour mixed with a relatively small amount of water.
  • the amount of water by weight based on the weight of flour is 100% or less.
  • Dough optionally contains one or more ingredients in addition to flour and water.
  • the sum of the amount of flour plus the amount of water is, by weight based on the weight of the dough, 80% or more.
  • Flour is made by grinding one or more cereal grains.
  • a glyceride is a mono-, di-, or tri-ester of glycerol.
  • a glyceride has the structure I:
  • Each of R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 is independently either hydrogen or an organic group.
  • One or more of R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 is a residue of a carboxylic acid.
  • a residue of a carboxylic acid has the structure -C(0)-R 4 , where -R 4 is an organic group, and the carbonyl carbon is attached to a carbon atom in -R 4 .
  • a fatty acid has the structure HOC(0)-R 5 , where -R 5 is an aliphatic group containing 6 or more carbon atoms, and the carbonyl carbon is attached to a carbon atom in -R 5 .
  • the firmness of a solid composition is measured using a TA.XT plus texture analyzer at 23 °C suing a 13 mm immersion depth and cell force of 5 kgf in back extrusion mode. Firmness is measured in newtons (N).
  • a ratio is said herein to be X: 1 or greater, it is meant that the ratio is Y: 1, where Y is greater than or equal to X.
  • Y is greater than or equal to X.
  • W it is meant that the ratio is Z: 1 , where Z is less than or equal to W.
  • a ratio is said to be 15: 1 or less, that ratio may be 15: 1 or 10: 1 or 0.1: 1 but may not be 20: 1.
  • any ethylcellulose polymer may be used in the composition of the present invention.
  • the ethoxyl substitution content of the ethylcellulose polymer is preferably 10% or more; more preferably 30% or more; more preferably 40% or more; preferably 45% or more; more preferably 48% or more.
  • the ethoxyl substitution content of the ethylcellulose polymer is preferably 55% or less; more preferably 53% or less; more preferably 52% or less; more preferably 51% or less; more preferably 50% or less.
  • the ethylcellulose polymer preferably has viscosity of 2 mPa » s or higher; more preferably 5 mPa » s or higher; more preferably 12 mPa » s or higher; more preferably 16 mPa » s or higher.
  • the ethylcellulose polymer preferably has viscosity of 5000 mPa » s or lower; more preferably 2000 mPa » s or lower; more preferably 1000 mPa » s or lower; more preferably 500 mPa » s or lower; more preferably 350 mPa » s or lower; more preferably 250 mPa » s or lower; more preferably 125 mPa » s or lower.
  • the ethylcellulose polymer has softening point of 100°C or higher; preferably 120°C or higher; more preferably 130°C or higher.
  • the ethylcellulose polymer preferably has softening point of 160°C or lower; more preferably 150°C or lower; more preferably 140°C or lower.
  • ETHOCELTM Commercially available forms of ethylcellulose polymer which may be used in the invention include, for example, those available under the name ETHOCELTM, from The Dow Chemical Company, including, for example, ETHOCELTM Standard 4, ETHOCELTM
  • Standard 7 ETHOCELTM Standard 10, ETHOCELTM Standard 20, ETHOCELTM Standard 45, or ETHOCELTM Standard 100 with ethoxyl substitution content from 48.0 to 49.5%.
  • Other commercially available ethylcellulose polymers useful in embodiments of the invention include certain grades of AQUALONTM ETHYLCELLULOSE, available from Ashland, Inc., and certain grades of ASHACELTM ethylcellulose polymers, available from Asha Cellulose Pvt. Ltd.
  • the amount of ethylcellulose polymer in the frying oil of the present invention is, by weight based on the weight of the frying oil, 0.5% or more; more preferably 1% or more; more preferably 2% or more; more preferably 2% or more.
  • the amount of ethylcellulose polymer in the frying oil is, by weight based on the weight of the frying oil, 12% or less; more preferably 10% or less; more preferably 8% or less; more preferably 6% or less.
  • the frying oil of the present invention contains stearic acid.
  • the amount of stearic acid in the frying oil is, by weight based on the weight of the composition, 0.01% or more; more preferably 0.1% or more; more preferably 0.2% or more; more preferably 0.3% or more; more preferably 0.6% or more; more preferably 0.9% or more.
  • the amount of stearic acid in the frying oil is, by weight based on the weight of the frying oil, 8% or less; more preferably 6% or less; more preferably 4% or less; more preferably 2% or less.
  • the frying oil of the present invention contains one or more unsaturated oils.
  • Preferred unsaturated oils are food oils.
  • Preferred food oils are vegetable oils.
  • Preferred vegetable oils are cottonseed oil, peanut oil, coconut oil, linseed oil, palm kernel oil, rapeseed oil (also known as canola oil), palm oil, sunflower oil, and mixtures thereof.
  • Preferred vegetable oils are extracted from plant sources and have not been hydrogenated or modified by other chemical reaction.
  • Preferred unsaturated oils are triglycerides.
  • the amount of unsaturated oil in the frying oil is, by weight based on the weight of the frying oil, 50% or more; more preferably 60% or more; more preferably 70% or more; more preferably 80% or more.
  • the amount of unsaturated fat in the frying oil is, by weight based on the weight of the frying oil, 99% or less; more preferably 98% or less; more preferably 97% or less.
  • the frying oil of the present invention optionally contains one or more saturated fats.
  • the amount of saturated fat in the frying oil is, by weight based on the weight of the composition, 25% or less; more preferably 15% or less.
  • the mount of saturated fat in the frying oil is, by weight based on the weight of the composition, 0% or more; more preferably 5% or more.
  • the weight ratio of unsaturated oil to saturated fat is 20: 1 or less; more preferably 15: 1 or less.
  • the weight ratio of unsaturated oil to saturated fat is 2: 1 or higher; more preferably 3 : 1 or higher; more preferably 5 : 1 or higher.
  • the amount of unsaturated oils plus the amount of saturated fats is, by weight based on the weight of the frying oil, 80% or more; more preferably 90% or more.
  • the amount of unsaturated oils plus the amount of saturated fats is, by weight based on the weight of the frying oil, 99% or less; more preferably 98% or less; more preferably 97% or less.
  • the frying oil of the present invention either is a liquid at 23°C that has relatively high viscosity at 23 °C or is solid at 23 °C.
  • the process of the present invention involves contact between a food object and the frying oil at a temperature of 150°C to 250°C.
  • the food object may be brought into contact with the frying oil at temperature below 150°C, and then the frying oil may be heated to a temperature between 150°C and 250°C.
  • the frying oil is heated to a temperature of 150°C to 250°C, and the food object is held at 15°C to 35°C; then the food object is brought into contact with the oil and kept in contact with the frying oil for a contact time, and then the food object is removed from the frying oil.
  • the contact time is 10 seconds or more.
  • the contact time is 5 minutes or less; more preferably 3 minutes or less.
  • the temperature of the frying oil is 225 °C or less; more preferably 200°C or less.
  • the food object is in contact with the frying oil while both the food object and the frying oil rest on the bottom of a container such as a frying pan, and the depth of the frying oil is one quarter or less of the height of the food object.
  • the frying oil is in a container, and the depth of the frying oil is sufficient that the food object either floats in the frying oil or else, if the food object sinks in the frying oil, the depth of the frying oil is more than one quarter of the height of the food object.
  • the food object When the food object floats in the frying oil, it is preferred that the food object is brought into contact with the frying oil when the frying oil is at a temperature of 150°C to 250°C, and the food object is allowed to float in the frying oil for a first contact time. Then the food object is turned over so that a portion of the food object that had been out of the frying oil during the first contact time is now in contact with the frying oil for a second contact time.
  • Preferred food objects are food objects that are made of dough or that have dough on the surface.
  • Preferred dough contains wheat flour.
  • the amount of flour in dough is, by weight based on the weight of the dough, 25% or more; more preferably 30% or more.
  • the amount of flour in dough is, by weight based on the weight of the dough, 75% or less; more preferably 65% or less.
  • Preferred ingredients in dough other than flour and water are one or more of milk, buttermilk, egg, butter, shortening, sodium bicarbonate, yeast, sugar, sodium chloride, and mixtures thereof.
  • Preferred food objects are various food objects (such as, for example, pieces of shellfish or chicken) coated with dough (i.e., food objects that are "breaded") and food objects made of dough.
  • dough i.e., food objects that are "breaded"
  • food objects made of dough preferred are doughnuts.
  • the comparative frying oil was a commercial frying shortening having no ethylcellulose polymer and having 55% saturated fat by weight.
  • Oil-1 was Omega 9 canola oil from the Dow Chemical Company, having 7% saturated fat by weight.
  • Oleogel contained 8% by weight ethylcellulose polymer (EthocelTM St 45, from the Dow Chemical Company), 3% by weight stearic acid, and 89% by weight oil-1.
  • the oleogel was made using the following method: Ethylcellulose (ETHOCELTM Std. 45, from the Dow Chemical Company) (545g) and omega 9 canola oil (4,906g) were placed in a 7.57 liter (two gallon) jacketed glass reactor under nitrogen blanket. The mixture was heated to 155 °C over 200 minutes while stirring at 200 rpm with dual-tier 3" A320 impellers attached to an overhead stirring motor and held at that temperature for 35 min under continuous stirring at 350 rpm.
  • Frying oil was made by mixing 60% by weight oil-1 with 40% by weight oleogel. The frying oil had 11 % saturated fat.
  • Doughnut dough was a commercial cake doughnut mix (Majestic cake donut mix from Dawn Food Products Inc, sku # 163135). Belshaw K type depositor was used to shape and deposit the round donuts into the fryer.
  • the doughnut dough was fried in the frying oil as follows. Belshaw Adamatic lab scale fryer was used for frying the donuts. Each batch of donuts was fried at 375 °F for one minute, flipped and fried another minute in timed sequence after depositing for uniformity purposes.
  • the doughnuts were removed from the frying oil, allowed to drain briefly, then placed on absorbent paper on a flat surface and allowed to remain in place on the absorbent paper for 24 hours. The doughnuts were lifted up and the paper was inspected after 2 hours, then the doughnuts were replaced, left for 22 more hours, and then the doughnuts were removed and the paper was inspected again.
  • the doughnuts fried in comparative frying oil deposited the same amount oil on the paper as deposited by the doughnuts fried in inventive frying oil, both at 2 hours and at 24 hours.
  • the inventive frying oil has only one-fifth of the saturated fat of the commercial oil, and the inventive frying oil performed equivalently to the comparative frying oil in the oil-deposition test.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Bakery Products And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
  • Edible Oils And Fats (AREA)

Abstract

Provided is a method of cooking a food object comprising exposing the food object to contact with frying oil while the frying oil is at a temperature of 150°C to 250°C, wherein the frying oil comprises (a) 1% to 10% ethylcellulose polymer, by weight based on the weight of the frying oil, (b) 0% to 7% stearic acid, by weight based on the weight of the frying oil, (c) 0% to 25% saturated fat, by weight based on the weight of the frying oil, and (d) 58% to 99% unsaturated fat, by weight based on the weight of the frying oil.

Description

FRYING OILS COMPRISING ETHYL CELLULOSE
[0001] Food objects, especially bakery products such as doughnuts (also called donuts), are normally made by a process that includes frying the food product. Frying involves contact between the food objects with frying oil, while the frying oil is at a temperature of 150°C to 250°C. At the frying temperature, the frying oil is liquid. After the frying process, when the food object has cooled to room temperature (23°C), it is desirable that any of the frying oil that remains in or on the food object does not drain away from the food object. Therefore it is desirable that the frying oil, at 23°C, either is a liquid with relatively high viscosity or is a solid. In the past, frying oils that had high viscosity at 23 °C or were solid at 23 °C had a relatively high proportion of saturated fats and/or trans fats. Saturated fats and trans fats are nutritionally undesirable. It is desirable to provide a frying process that involves the use of a frying oil that has the desired rheology at frying temperature and at room temperature and that has relatively low proportion of saturated fats and/or trans fats.
[0002] US 2014/0044839 describes cooked dough products that incorporate
ethylcellulose into the cooked dough product to reduce oil migration out of the cooked dough product after cooking. It is desired to provide a frying process that reduces oil migration out of the food object after frying.
[0003] The following is a statement of the invention.
[0004] A first aspect of the present invention is a method of cooking a food object comprising exposing the food object to contact with frying oil while the frying oil is at a temperature of 150°C to 250°C, wherein the frying oil comprises
(a) 1% to 10% ethylcellulose polymer, by weight based on the weight of the frying oil,
(b) 0% to 7% stearic acid, by weight based on the weight of the frying oil,
(c) 0% to 25% saturated fat, by weight based on the weight of the frying oil, and
(d) 58% to 99% unsaturated fat, by weight based on the weight of the frying oil.
[0005] The following is a detailed description of the invention.
[0006] As used herein, the following terms have the designated definitions, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
[0007] Ethylcellulose polymer, as used herein, means a derivative of cellulose in which some of the hydroxyl groups on the repeating glucose units are substituted with ethyl ether groups. The number of ethyl ether groups can vary. The number of ethyl ether groups is characterized by the "percent ethoxyl substitution." The percent ethoxyl substitution is based on the weight of the substituted product and determined according to a Zeisel gas chromatographic technique as described in ASTM D4794-94 (2003). The ethoxyl substitution (also called "ethyl ether content") is from 10 to 55%
[0008] As used herein, the viscosity of an ethylcellulose polymer is the viscosity of a 5 weight percent solution of that ethylcellulose polymer in a solvent, based on the weight of the solution. The solvent is a mixture of 80% toluene and 20% ethanol by weight. The viscosity of the solution is measured at 25°C in an Ubbelohde viscometer.
[0009] A "polymer," as used herein is a relatively large molecule made up of the reaction products of smaller chemical repeat units. Polymers have weight- average molecular weight of 2,000 daltons or higher.
[0010] The softening point of a material is the temperature below which the material behaves as a solid and above which it begins to be capable of flow under mild to moderate stress. Softening point is measured by the ring and ball method according to ASTM E28-14.
[0011] An ionic group is a chemical group, which may be a portion of a molecule, for which there is one or more value of pH between 4 and 12 at which, when plural ionic groups are in contact with water at that pH, 50 mole percent or more of the ionic groups will be in an ionized state.
[0012] As used herein, an oil is a material that has melting point of 35°C or less and that has one or more carbon atom per molecule. An oil has no ionic group. An oil has no chemical group of the structure -(-CH2CH2-0-)n- where n is 2 or more. One category of oils is triglycerides, which are triesters of fatty acids with glycerol. Food oils are oils routinely consumed by human beings. Vegetable oils are triglycerides extracted from plants.
[0013] As used herein, the term "oleogel" refers to a mixture that contains one or more oil and one or more ethylcellulose polymer that is solid at 25 °C. An oleogel may contain one or more additional ingredients such as stearic acid. The oleogel may be a relatively hard solid or a relatively soft solid. A material is considered to be solid if a cube of the material of height 2 cm, placed on a flat surface at 25 °C, will resist collapsing under its own weight to the extent that the height after 1 minute will be 1 cm or higher.
[0014] Dough is a thick, malleable paste made from flour mixed with a relatively small amount of water. The amount of water by weight based on the weight of flour is 100% or less. Dough optionally contains one or more ingredients in addition to flour and water. The sum of the amount of flour plus the amount of water is, by weight based on the weight of the dough, 80% or more. Flour is made by grinding one or more cereal grains. [0015] As used herein, a glyceride is a mono-, di-, or tri-ester of glycerol. A glyceride has the structure I:
Figure imgf000004_0001
[0016] Each of R1, R2, and R3 is independently either hydrogen or an organic group. One or more of R1, R2, and R3 is a residue of a carboxylic acid. A residue of a carboxylic acid has the structure -C(0)-R4, where -R4 is an organic group, and the carbonyl carbon is attached to a carbon atom in -R4. A fatty acid has the structure HOC(0)-R5, where -R5 is an aliphatic group containing 6 or more carbon atoms, and the carbonyl carbon is attached to a carbon atom in -R5.
[0017] The firmness of a solid composition is measured using a TA.XT plus texture analyzer at 23 °C suing a 13 mm immersion depth and cell force of 5 kgf in back extrusion mode. Firmness is measured in newtons (N).
[0018] When a ratio is said herein to be X: 1 or greater, it is meant that the ratio is Y: 1, where Y is greater than or equal to X. For example, if a ratio is said to be 3: 1 or greater, that ratio may be 3: 1 or 5: 1 or 100: 1 but may not be 2:1. Similarly, when a ratio is said herein to be W: 1 or less, it is meant that the ratio is Z: 1 , where Z is less than or equal to W. For example, if a ratio is said to be 15: 1 or less, that ratio may be 15: 1 or 10: 1 or 0.1: 1 but may not be 20: 1.
[0019] Any ethylcellulose polymer may be used in the composition of the present invention. The ethoxyl substitution content of the ethylcellulose polymer is preferably 10% or more; more preferably 30% or more; more preferably 40% or more; preferably 45% or more; more preferably 48% or more. The ethoxyl substitution content of the ethylcellulose polymer is preferably 55% or less; more preferably 53% or less; more preferably 52% or less; more preferably 51% or less; more preferably 50% or less.
[0020] The ethylcellulose polymer preferably has viscosity of 2 mPa»s or higher; more preferably 5 mPa»s or higher; more preferably 12 mPa»s or higher; more preferably 16 mPa»s or higher. The ethylcellulose polymer preferably has viscosity of 5000 mPa»s or lower; more preferably 2000 mPa»s or lower; more preferably 1000 mPa»s or lower; more preferably 500 mPa»s or lower; more preferably 350 mPa»s or lower; more preferably 250 mPa»s or lower; more preferably 125 mPa»s or lower.
[0021] The ethylcellulose polymer has softening point of 100°C or higher; preferably 120°C or higher; more preferably 130°C or higher. The ethylcellulose polymer preferably has softening point of 160°C or lower; more preferably 150°C or lower; more preferably 140°C or lower.
[0022] Commercially available forms of ethylcellulose polymer which may be used in the invention include, for example, those available under the name ETHOCEL™, from The Dow Chemical Company, including, for example, ETHOCEL™ Standard 4, ETHOCEL™
Standard 7, ETHOCEL™ Standard 10, ETHOCEL™ Standard 20, ETHOCEL™ Standard 45, or ETHOCEL™ Standard 100 with ethoxyl substitution content from 48.0 to 49.5%. Other commercially available ethylcellulose polymers useful in embodiments of the invention include certain grades of AQUALON™ ETHYLCELLULOSE, available from Ashland, Inc., and certain grades of ASHACEL™ ethylcellulose polymers, available from Asha Cellulose Pvt. Ltd.
[0023] Preferably the amount of ethylcellulose polymer in the frying oil of the present invention is, by weight based on the weight of the frying oil, 0.5% or more; more preferably 1% or more; more preferably 2% or more; more preferably 2% or more. Preferably the amount of ethylcellulose polymer in the frying oil is, by weight based on the weight of the frying oil, 12% or less; more preferably 10% or less; more preferably 8% or less; more preferably 6% or less.
[0024] The frying oil of the present invention contains stearic acid. Preferably, the amount of stearic acid in the frying oil is, by weight based on the weight of the composition, 0.01% or more; more preferably 0.1% or more; more preferably 0.2% or more; more preferably 0.3% or more; more preferably 0.6% or more; more preferably 0.9% or more. Preferably, the amount of stearic acid in the frying oil is, by weight based on the weight of the frying oil, 8% or less; more preferably 6% or less; more preferably 4% or less; more preferably 2% or less.
[0025] The frying oil of the present invention contains one or more unsaturated oils. Preferred unsaturated oils are food oils. Preferred food oils are vegetable oils. Preferred vegetable oils are cottonseed oil, peanut oil, coconut oil, linseed oil, palm kernel oil, rapeseed oil (also known as canola oil), palm oil, sunflower oil, and mixtures thereof. Preferred vegetable oils are extracted from plant sources and have not been hydrogenated or modified by other chemical reaction. Preferred unsaturated oils are triglycerides.
[0026] Preferably the amount of unsaturated oil in the frying oil is, by weight based on the weight of the frying oil, 50% or more; more preferably 60% or more; more preferably 70% or more; more preferably 80% or more. Preferably the amount of unsaturated fat in the frying oil is, by weight based on the weight of the frying oil, 99% or less; more preferably 98% or less; more preferably 97% or less.
[0027] The frying oil of the present invention optionally contains one or more saturated fats. Preferably the amount of saturated fat in the frying oil is, by weight based on the weight of the composition, 25% or less; more preferably 15% or less. Preferably the mount of saturated fat in the frying oil is, by weight based on the weight of the composition, 0% or more; more preferably 5% or more.
[0028] In the frying oil of the present invention, preferably the weight ratio of unsaturated oil to saturated fat is 20: 1 or less; more preferably 15: 1 or less. In the composition of the present invention, preferably the weight ratio of unsaturated oil to saturated fat is 2: 1 or higher; more preferably 3 : 1 or higher; more preferably 5 : 1 or higher.
[0029] Preferably, the amount of unsaturated oils plus the amount of saturated fats is, by weight based on the weight of the frying oil, 80% or more; more preferably 90% or more. Preferably, the amount of unsaturated oils plus the amount of saturated fats is, by weight based on the weight of the frying oil, 99% or less; more preferably 98% or less; more preferably 97% or less.
[0030] Preferably, the frying oil of the present invention either is a liquid at 23°C that has relatively high viscosity at 23 °C or is solid at 23 °C.
[0031] The process of the present invention involves contact between a food object and the frying oil at a temperature of 150°C to 250°C. The food object may be brought into contact with the frying oil at temperature below 150°C, and then the frying oil may be heated to a temperature between 150°C and 250°C. Preferably, the frying oil is heated to a temperature of 150°C to 250°C, and the food object is held at 15°C to 35°C; then the food object is brought into contact with the oil and kept in contact with the frying oil for a contact time, and then the food object is removed from the frying oil. Preferably, the contact time is 10 seconds or more. Preferably, the contact time is 5 minutes or less; more preferably 3 minutes or less.
[0032] Preferably the temperature of the frying oil is 225 °C or less; more preferably 200°C or less.
[0033] In some embodiments, the food object is in contact with the frying oil while both the food object and the frying oil rest on the bottom of a container such as a frying pan, and the depth of the frying oil is one quarter or less of the height of the food object. In preferred embodiments, the frying oil is in a container, and the depth of the frying oil is sufficient that the food object either floats in the frying oil or else, if the food object sinks in the frying oil, the depth of the frying oil is more than one quarter of the height of the food object.
[0034] When the food object floats in the frying oil, it is preferred that the food object is brought into contact with the frying oil when the frying oil is at a temperature of 150°C to 250°C, and the food object is allowed to float in the frying oil for a first contact time. Then the food object is turned over so that a portion of the food object that had been out of the frying oil during the first contact time is now in contact with the frying oil for a second contact time.
[0035] Preferred food objects are food objects that are made of dough or that have dough on the surface. Preferred dough contains wheat flour. Preferably the amount of flour in dough is, by weight based on the weight of the dough, 25% or more; more preferably 30% or more. Preferably the amount of flour in dough is, by weight based on the weight of the dough, 75% or less; more preferably 65% or less. Preferred ingredients in dough other than flour and water are one or more of milk, buttermilk, egg, butter, shortening, sodium bicarbonate, yeast, sugar, sodium chloride, and mixtures thereof.
[0036] Preferred food objects are various food objects (such as, for example, pieces of shellfish or chicken) coated with dough (i.e., food objects that are "breaded") and food objects made of dough. Among food objects made of dough, preferred are doughnuts.
[0037] The following are examples of the present invention.
[0038] The comparative frying oil was a commercial frying shortening having no ethylcellulose polymer and having 55% saturated fat by weight.
[0039] Oil-1 was Omega 9 canola oil from the Dow Chemical Company, having 7% saturated fat by weight.
[0040] Oleogel contained 8% by weight ethylcellulose polymer (Ethocel™ St 45, from the Dow Chemical Company), 3% by weight stearic acid, and 89% by weight oil-1. The oleogel was made using the following method: Ethylcellulose (ETHOCEL™ Std. 45, from the Dow Chemical Company) (545g) and omega 9 canola oil (4,906g) were placed in a 7.57 liter (two gallon) jacketed glass reactor under nitrogen blanket. The mixture was heated to 155 °C over 200 minutes while stirring at 200 rpm with dual-tier 3" A320 impellers attached to an overhead stirring motor and held at that temperature for 35 min under continuous stirring at 350 rpm. At the end of the holding time, the heater was turned off and the mixture was cooled to 130 °C while stirring at 100 rpm. When the temperature reached 130 °C, the liquid mixture was drained to three nitrogen- purged metal cans, and these were allowed to cool to room temperature and form gel. [0041] Frying oil was made by mixing 60% by weight oil-1 with 40% by weight oleogel. The frying oil had 11 % saturated fat.
[0042] Doughnut dough was a commercial cake doughnut mix (Majestic cake donut mix from Dawn Food Products Inc, sku # 163135). Belshaw K type depositor was used to shape and deposit the round donuts into the fryer.
[0043] The doughnut dough was fried in the frying oil as follows. Belshaw Adamatic lab scale fryer was used for frying the donuts. Each batch of donuts was fried at 375 °F for one minute, flipped and fried another minute in timed sequence after depositing for uniformity purposes.
[0044] After frying, the doughnuts were removed from the frying oil, allowed to drain briefly, then placed on absorbent paper on a flat surface and allowed to remain in place on the absorbent paper for 24 hours. The doughnuts were lifted up and the paper was inspected after 2 hours, then the doughnuts were replaced, left for 22 more hours, and then the doughnuts were removed and the paper was inspected again.
[0045] Based on the visual inspection of the papers at 2 hours and at 24 hours, the doughnuts fried in comparative frying oil deposited the same amount oil on the paper as deposited by the doughnuts fried in inventive frying oil, both at 2 hours and at 24 hours.
[0046] That is, the inventive frying oil has only one-fifth of the saturated fat of the commercial oil, and the inventive frying oil performed equivalently to the comparative frying oil in the oil-deposition test.

Claims

1. A method of cooking a food object comprising exposing the food object to contact with frying oil while the frying oil is at a temperature of 150°C to 250°C, wherein the frying oil comprises
(a) 1% to 10% ethylcellulose polymer, by weight based on the weight of the frying oil,
(b) 0% to 7% stearic acid, by weight based on the weight of the frying oil,
(c) 0% to 25% saturated fat, by weight based on the weight of the frying oil, and
(d) 58% to 99% unsaturated fat, by weight based on the weight of the frying oil.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the frying oil comprises 0% to 0.2% trans fat by weight based on the weight of the frying oil.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the frying oil comprises 5% to 15% saturated fat by weight based on the weight of the frying oil.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the food object comprises dough.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the food object at a temperature of 15°C to 35°C is brought into contact with the frying oil at a temperature of 150°C to 250°C.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the stearic acid is present in an amount of 0.2% to 7%, by weight based on the weight of the frying oil
PCT/US2017/051482 2016-09-23 2017-09-14 Frying oils comprising ethyl cellulose WO2018057382A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201662398578P 2016-09-23 2016-09-23
US62/398,578 2016-09-23

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2018057382A1 true WO2018057382A1 (en) 2018-03-29

Family

ID=59955720

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2017/051482 WO2018057382A1 (en) 2016-09-23 2017-09-14 Frying oils comprising ethyl cellulose

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2018057382A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108887349A (en) * 2018-08-17 2018-11-27 威宁县品鲜食品有限公司 A kind of baked donut and preparation method thereof

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS57151668A (en) * 1981-03-16 1982-09-18 Morinaga & Co Ltd Gelatinizing agent for oil or fat, and method for solidifying oil or fat in gel form
WO2010121491A1 (en) * 2009-04-24 2010-10-28 Unilever N.V. Method for preparation of aerated food product and aerated food product
WO2013174585A1 (en) * 2012-05-24 2013-11-28 Unilever N.V. Aerated oil containing sucrose fatty acid ester and hydrophobin
WO2014004018A1 (en) * 2012-06-28 2014-01-03 Dow Global Technologies Llc Method of preparing an edible oleogel
US20140044839A1 (en) 2010-11-15 2014-02-13 Andrea Cattaruzza Dough products comprising ethylcellulose and exhibiting reduced oil migration

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS57151668A (en) * 1981-03-16 1982-09-18 Morinaga & Co Ltd Gelatinizing agent for oil or fat, and method for solidifying oil or fat in gel form
WO2010121491A1 (en) * 2009-04-24 2010-10-28 Unilever N.V. Method for preparation of aerated food product and aerated food product
US20140044839A1 (en) 2010-11-15 2014-02-13 Andrea Cattaruzza Dough products comprising ethylcellulose and exhibiting reduced oil migration
WO2013174585A1 (en) * 2012-05-24 2013-11-28 Unilever N.V. Aerated oil containing sucrose fatty acid ester and hydrophobin
WO2014004018A1 (en) * 2012-06-28 2014-01-03 Dow Global Technologies Llc Method of preparing an edible oleogel

Non-Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
ALEJANDRO G. MARANGONI: "Organogels: An Alternative Edible Oil-Structuring Method", JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS' SOCIETY, vol. 89, no. 5, 1 May 2012 (2012-05-01), pages 749 - 780, XP055090196, ISSN: 0003-021X, DOI: 10.1007/s11746-012-2049-3 *
ISHA KAUSHIK ET AL: "MOJ Food Processing & Technology Organogelation: It's Food Application Submit Manuscript |", 17 April 2017 (2017-04-17), XP055372076, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://medcraveonline.com/MOJFPT/MOJFPT-04-00089.pdf> [retrieved on 20170511] *
LIM JEONGTAEK ET AL: "Evaluation of soybean oil-carnauba wax oleogels as an alternative to high saturated fat frying media for instant fried noodles", LWT- FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, ACADEMIC PRESS, UNITED KINGDOM, vol. 84, 27 June 2017 (2017-06-27), pages 788 - 794, XP085132347, ISSN: 0023-6438, DOI: 10.1016/J.LWT.2017.06.054 *
LOPEZ-MARTÍNEZ A ET AL: "Monoglyceride organogels developed in vegetable oil with and without ethylcellulose", FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL, ELSEVIER, AMSTERDAM, NL, vol. 72, 18 March 2015 (2015-03-18), pages 37 - 46, XP029240309, ISSN: 0963-9969, DOI: 10.1016/J.FOODRES.2015.03.019 *
TERRI A. STORTZ ET AL: "Edible oleogels in food products to help maximize health benefits and improve nutritional profiles", LIPID TECHNOLOGY, vol. 24, no. 7, 1 July 2012 (2012-07-01), GB, pages 151 - 154, XP055418597, ISSN: 0956-666X, DOI: 10.1002/lite.201200205 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108887349A (en) * 2018-08-17 2018-11-27 威宁县品鲜食品有限公司 A kind of baked donut and preparation method thereof

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CA2692446C (en) Plastic fat composition
US8603565B2 (en) Oil-and-fat composition and plastic oil-and-fat composition
CN1190141C (en) Fried food and shortening
CN105494690B (en) A kind of chicken fat base shortening and preparation method thereof
JP5263770B2 (en) Oil composition for cooking
CN105685263B (en) Oil composition for improving glossiness and oil-moistening feeling of baked products
US20230210124A1 (en) Oil compositions with starch and ethylcellulose
WO2018057382A1 (en) Frying oils comprising ethyl cellulose
CN1919023A (en) Oil modifier to lower fat content of fried food
CN111357836B (en) Non-palm shortening composition and application thereof
EP3515200B1 (en) Oleogel with stearic acid
KR20160115195A (en) bakery product with canola gel
JP6041086B2 (en) Edible oil and fat composition
CN1507788A (en) Fried food and puffing oil
JP2016086752A (en) Composition for improving loosening properties of noodles
CN112970858B (en) Oil composition for layered baked products and preparation method thereof
JP7311993B2 (en) Method for producing processed meat food
JP3465927B2 (en) Oil composition for cooking
JP2002051692A (en) Method for producing crouton
WO2018057383A1 (en) Solid composition containing oleogel
Sabirova et al. New reciples for shortening fats and studying their basic technological characteristics
TW450789B (en) Fat composition for deep fry and shortening, and method of making a deep fried food
TW202041659A (en) Method for producing transesterified oil and fat
JP2023059561A (en) Instant rolled egg material
JP2024018940A (en) Oil and fat composition for shallow-frying, method for producing oil and fat composition for shallow-frying, and method for reducing frying time using oil and fat composition for shallow-frying

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 17772246

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 17772246

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1