WO2018048493A1 - Symbol blocking and guard intervals for wireless networks - Google Patents

Symbol blocking and guard intervals for wireless networks Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018048493A1
WO2018048493A1 PCT/US2017/039727 US2017039727W WO2018048493A1 WO 2018048493 A1 WO2018048493 A1 WO 2018048493A1 US 2017039727 W US2017039727 W US 2017039727W WO 2018048493 A1 WO2018048493 A1 WO 2018048493A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
streams
length
devices
mimo
data
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PCT/US2017/039727
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Arytom LOMAYEV
Yaroslav P. GAGIEV
Alexander Maltsev
Michael Genossar
Carlos Cordeiro
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Intel Corporation
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Priority to CN201780049759.0A priority Critical patent/CN109565495B/zh
Publication of WO2018048493A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018048493A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2602—Signal structure
    • H04L27/2605—Symbol extensions, e.g. Zero Tail, Unique Word [UW]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
    • H04L5/0014—Three-dimensional division
    • H04L5/0023—Time-frequency-space

Definitions

  • This disclosure generally relates to systems and methods for wireless communications and, more particularly, systems and methods to symbol blocking and guard intervals for wireless communication.
  • IEEE 802.11 ay Various standards, for example, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 ay, are being developed for the millimeter (mm) wave (for example, 60 GHz) frequency band of the spectrum.
  • IEEE 802.11 ay is one such standard.
  • IEEE 802. H ay is related to the IEEE 802. Had standard, also known as WiGig.
  • IEEE 802. H ay seeks, in part, to increase the transmission data rate between two or more devices in a network, for example, by implementing Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) techniques.
  • MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output
  • FIG. 1 shows an exemplary network environment for use in accordance with example embodiments of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an example diagram showing an Enhanced Directional Multi Gigabit (EDMG) Physical Layer Convergence Procedure (PLCP) Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) format, in accordance with example embodiments of the disclosure.
  • EDMG Enhanced Directional Multi Gigabit
  • PLCP Physical Layer Convergence Procedure
  • PPDU Protocol Data Unit
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an example table showing guard interval (GI) lengths for different channel bonding factors, in accordance with example embodiments of the disclosure.
  • GI guard interval
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an example diagram showing a symbol blocking structure for the i-th space-time stream for single carrier (SC) single user (SU) Multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) single channel transmission, in accordance with example embodiments of the disclosure.
  • SC single carrier
  • SU single user
  • MIMO Multiple-input and multiple-output
  • FIG. 5 illustrates an example diagram showing a symbol blocking structure for the i-th space-time stream for SC multi-user (MU) MIMO single channel transmission, in accordance with example embodiments of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates an example diagram showing a symbol blocking structure for the i-th space-time stream for SC SU-MIMO channel bonding transmission, in accordance with example embodiments of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates an example diagram showing a symbol blocking structure for the i-th space-time stream for SC MU-MIMO channel bonding transmission, in accordance with example embodiments of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates an example diagram showing a symbol blocking structure for the i-th space-time stream for SC MU-MIMO channel bonding transmission for long data GI, in accordance with example embodiments of the disclosure.
  • FIG 9 illustrates an example table showing weight vectors for different space- time streams, in accordance with example embodiments of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 16 shows an example flow chart illustrating operation for a transmitting device used in connection with the symbol blocking and guard interval definitions herein, in accordance with example embodiments of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 17 shows an example flow chart illustrating operation for a receiving device used in connection with the symbol blocking and guard interval definitions herein, in accordance with example embodiments of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 18 illustrates a functional diagram of an example communication station that may be suitable for use as a user device, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 19 shows a block diagram of an example machine upon which any of one or more techniques (e.g., methods) may be performed, in accordance with one or more embodiments of the disclosure.
  • Example embodiments described herein provide certain systems, methods, and devices, for providing signaling information to Wi-Fi devices in various Wi-Fi networks, in accordance with IEEE 802.1 1 communication standards, including but not limited to IEEE 802.11 ay.
  • Discussions herein utilizing terms such as, for example, “processing”, “computing”, “calculating”, “determining”, “establishing”, “analyzing”, “checking”, or the like, may refer to operation(s) and/or process(es) of a computer, a computing platform, a computing system, or other electronic computing device, that manipulate and/or transform data represented as physical (e.g., electronic) quantities within the computer's registers and/or memories into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within the computer's registers and/or memories or other information storage medium that may store instructions to perform operations and/or processes.
  • the terms “plurality” and “a plurality”, as used herein, include, for example, “multiple” or “two or more”.
  • a plurality of items includes two or more items.
  • IEEE 802. 1 1 ay Various standards, for example, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802. 1 1 ay, are being developed for the millimeter (mm) wave (for example, 60 GHz) frequency band of the spectrum.
  • IEEE 802. 1 1 ay is one such standard.
  • IEEE 802. H ay is related to the IEEE 802. H ad standard, also known as WiGig.
  • IEEE 802. H ay seeks, in part, to increase the transmission data rate between two or more devices in a network, for example, by implementing Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) techniques.
  • MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output
  • signals can be sent and received between transmitters and receivers through one or more channels.
  • Such channels can induce distortions in the signal transmitted and received.
  • the characteristics of the one or more channels, at a given time can be determined to estimate the induced distortion to the signals transmitted and received by the channels, that is, performing channel estimation.
  • One technique for performing channel estimation in wireless systems can include transmitting, by a transmitter, signals with predetermined sequences and comparing the signals received in a receiver. For example, auto-correlation and/or cross-correlation can be performed on the received with predetermined sequences to estimate the channel characteristics. Since the sequences of the transmitted signals are known to the receiver, the results of the correlation operation can yield the estimation of the channel characteristics, for example, the impulse response of the channel.
  • sequences with predetermined autocorrelation properties can be transmitted by the transmitter and auto-correlated by the receiver, for example, in one or more channel estimation fields (CEF) of data packets that contain the transmitted signal.
  • Golay complementary sequences can refer to sequences of bipolar symbols ( ⁇ 1) that can be mathematically constructed to have specific autocorrelation properties.
  • ⁇ 1 a property of Golay complementary sequences is that they can have a sum of autocorrelations that equals a delta function, which can be defined, in part as a function on the real number line that is zero everywhere except at zero, with an integral of one over the entire real line.
  • channel state information can refer to known channel properties of a communication link. This information can describe how a signal propagates from the transmitter to the receiver and represents the combined effect of, for example, scattering, fading, and power decay with distance.
  • the CSI can make it possible to adapt transmissions to current channel conditions, which can be important for achieving reliable communication with high data rates in multi-antenna systems.
  • this disclosure describes GIs that can be used in connection with Golay sequences and Golay Sequence Sets (GSSs) for channel estimation and extracting of CSI.
  • GSSs Golay Sequence Sets
  • the disclosed GSSs can include a number of Golay complementary pairs (for example, Ga and Gb).
  • the disclosed Golay complementary pairs can meet various predetermined rules and can be used to define enhanced directional multi-gigabit (EDMG) STF and CEF fields for multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) transmission.
  • EDMG enhanced directional multi-gigabit
  • MIMO multiple-input and multiple-output
  • MIMO can represent a method for multiplying the capacity of a radio link using multiple transmit and receive antennas to exploit multipath propagation.
  • MIMO can include various subtypes, including, for example: multiple-input and single-output (MISO), which can refer to a special case when the receiver has a single antenna; single-input and multiple-output (SIMO), which can refer to a special case when the transmitter has a single antenna; and single-input single-output (SISO) which can refer to a conventional radio system where neither transmitter nor receiver has multiple antennas.
  • MISO multiple-input and single-output
  • SISO single-input single-output
  • the disclosure can be used in connection with, but is not limited to, all of the above mentioned forms of MIMO.
  • a GSS generation system may produce complementary sequences of an arbitrary length.
  • a GSS for a sequence can be defined in terms of delay vector and/or a weight vector.
  • the delay vector and/or a weight vector can be described in accordance with one or more standards, for example, in accordance with IEEE 802.1 l ad standards.
  • the Ga and Gb sequences can be generated using these vectors, for example, by using Golay generator structures.
  • the delay vector and the weight vector can be based at least in part on the (Ga, Gb) complementary pair.
  • the disclosure describes the design of guard interval sequence for 3 types of guard intervals having lengths that can be classified as short, medium, and long.
  • the disclosure defines the guard interval for single channel transmission channel bonding (for example, channel bonding x2, and channel bonding x4), and for MIMO transmission.
  • the disclosure can be used in connection with single carrier (SC) PHY for use in connection with one or more standards, for example, in connection with IEEE 802. 1 l ay.
  • SC single carrier
  • the disclosed systems and methods can be used in connection with directional antennas, for example, phase antenna arrays (PAAs).
  • PAAs phase antenna arrays
  • the disclosure describes the design of guard interval sequence for 3 types of guard intervals having lengths that can be classified as short, medium, and long.
  • the short guard interval can be used for short range applications, for example, when the channel impulse of a communication channel response associated with the network has a short duration, such as indoor environments.
  • the short guard interval can reduce overhead associated with the transmission of the guard interval and can increase the resulting data rate.
  • the long guard interval can be used in connection with application in large scale environments, for example, applications where a communications channel profile associated with the network has a long time delay spread, such as outdoor environments.
  • the long guard interval can allow for the reduction of inter symbol interference (ISI) on the network and/or communication channel(s).
  • ISI can refer to a form of distortion of a signal in which one symbol interferes with subsequent symbols.
  • ISI can be caused by multipath propagation or the inherent non-linear frequency response of a channel causing successive symbols to "blur" together.
  • data can be transmitted by a transmitting device to a receiving device over a network with a reduced error rate.
  • Example embodiments of the present disclosure can relate to systems, methods, and devices for transmitting device can include a Golay generator that can generate Golay complementary sequences (Ga, Gb) which are can be modulated and transmitted, for example, using a modulator.
  • the modulator may be, for example, an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulator, a single carrier (SC) modulator, and the like.
  • a Golay generator can generate the complementary sequences.
  • the signals including the Golay sequences can be received at a receiving device. Because of the channel conditions, the received Golay sequences Ga', Gb' may be different than the original Golay sequences Ga, Gb. However, a Golay correlator can correlate the received sequences. The received signal S' (including sequences Ga',Gb') can be filtered using a filter. Then, the cross-correlation results can indicate the channel estimation as provided by the Golay correlator. Further, in various embodiments, an equalizer can equalizes the received signals S' based on the output of the Golay correlator. The equalized signals can be de-modulated using a demodulator to obtain an estimate of the originally transmitted signal.
  • the disclosed GI definitions in the case of channel bonding can be used for MIMO transmission by defining appropriate GSSs instead of a single Ga sequence.
  • the disclosure can define a Enhanced Directional Multi- Gigabit (EDMG) Physical Layer Convergence Procedure (PLCP) Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) for use in connection with single user (SU) MIMO, and a EDMG PPDU for use in connection with multi-user (MU) MIMO.
  • EDMG Enhanced Directional Multi- Gigabit
  • PLCP Physical Layer Convergence Procedure
  • PPDU Protocol Data Unit
  • SU single user
  • MU multi-user
  • the MU-MIMO frame can include an EDMG-Header-B field.
  • the disclosure can define three types of the guard interval (GI) and single carrier (SC) data block lengths, for example, short, normal (or medium) and long GI and SC data block lengths.
  • GI guard interval
  • SC single carrier
  • such SC symbol block length can allow the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) size to be equal to approximately 5 12 pt, regardless of the GI type, that is, short, normal (or medium) and long GI types.
  • the SC symbol block lengths, N D ATA can be defined as the DFT size, 5 12, minus the NGI length (32, 64, or 128), respectively.
  • the GI length NGI can be multiplied by the NCB factor to obtain the sequence length.
  • the corresponding SC symbol block length N D ATA can also be multiplied by the NCB factor.
  • the DFT size can be equal to 512*NCB, regardless the particular type of the GI (that is short, normal (or medium) and long GI types).
  • a symbol blocking structure for the i-th space-time stream for SC SU-MIMO single channel transmission for different types of GI can be described, in accordance with example embodiments of the disclosure.
  • symbol blocking structures and guard intervals can be used interchangeably herein.
  • the GI and data part can be defined at the legacy chip rate equal to approximately 1 .76 GHz.
  • two or more of the sequences can be mutually orthogonal.
  • the EDMG-Header-B may not be present in the PPDU (similar, but not necessarily identical to, the PPDU shown in FIG. 2), and the data portion of the PPDU may start after the EDMG-CEF field.
  • the number of space-time streams NSTS can be equal to 8.
  • this disclosure is not limited to this particular number; rather the GIs can have any number of GI'N sequences having any number of space-time streams NSTS.
  • the EDMG-Header-B can be present and the data portion of the PPDU may start after the EDMG-Header-B.
  • the number of space-time streams NSTS can be equal to 8 or 16.
  • this disclosure is not limited to this particular number; rather the GIs can have any number of GI'N sequences having any number of space-time streams NSTS.
  • the EDMG-Header-B can have a normal (or medium) GI length of 64 chips, regardless the GI data type.
  • the short GI can be defined as a right half of the normal GI and the normal GI can be defined as a left half of the long GI.
  • a symbol blocking structure for the i-th space-time stream for SC MU-MIMO single channel transmission for different types of GI can be described, in accordance with example embodiments of the disclosure.
  • the GI and the data portion can be defined at the legacy chip rate equal to approximately 1.76 GHz.
  • the sequences can be mutually orthogonal.
  • the EDMG-Header-B can have a constant symbol block length equal to 448 chips and GI length of 64 chips.
  • the EDMG- Header-B may not be present and data part of the PPDU starts right after the EDMG-CEF field.
  • the number of space-time streams NSTS can be equal to 8.
  • this disclosure is not limited to this particular number; rather the GIs can have any number of GI'N sequences having any number of space-time streams NSTS.
  • a symbol blocking structure for the i-th space-time stream for SC SU-MIMO channel bonding transmission for different types of GI can be described, in accordance with example embodiments of the disclosure.
  • the GI and data portion can be defined at approximately the NCB* 1 .76 GHZ sample rate.
  • the EDMG-Header-B can be present and data part of the PPDU can start right after the EDMG-Header-B.
  • the number of space-time streams NSTS can be equal to 8 or 16.
  • this disclosure is not limited to this particular number; rather the GIs can have any number of GI'N sequences having any number of space-time streams NSTS.
  • a symbol blocking structure for the i-th space-time stream for SC MU-MIMO channel bonding transmission for different types of GI in accordance with example embodiments of the disclosure.
  • the GI and data portion can be defined at approximately the NCB* 1 -76 GHz sample rate.
  • the EDMG-Header-B field can have constant length of 64*NCB regardless the GI data type.
  • the EDMG-Header-B field length can be equal to the normal GI length for short GIs and normal (medium) GIs. In another embodiment, the EDMG- Header-B field length can be equal to the first half of the long GI for long GIs. In one embodiment, the EDMG-Header-B field can have a constant symbol block length equal to 448*N CB .
  • a wireless network used in connection with the systems and methods of this disclosure may also include one or more legacy devices.
  • Legacy devices can include those devices compliant with an earlier version of a given standard, but can reside in the same network as devices compliant with a later version of the standard.
  • disclosed herein are systems, methods, and devices that can permit legacy devices to communicate with and perform channel estimation with newer version devices.
  • newer devices or components using current standards can have backward compatibility with legacy devices within a network.
  • These devices and components can be adaptable to legacy standards and current standards when transmitting information within the network.
  • backward compatibility with legacy devices may be enabled at either a physical (PHY) layer or a Media-Specific Access Control (MAC) layer.
  • PHY physical
  • MAC Media-Specific Access Control
  • backward compatibility can be achieved, for example, by re-using the PHY preamble from a previous standard.
  • Legacy devices may decode the preamble portion of the signals, which may provide sufficient information for determining the channel estimation or other relevant information for the transmission and reception of the signals.
  • backward compatibility with legacy devices may be enabled by having devices that are compliant with a newer version of the standard transmit additional frames using modes or data rates that are employed by legacy devices.
  • Various legacy standards can use Golay complementary sequences (which can be denoted as Ga and Gb) to define short training fields (STFs) and channel estimation fields (CEFs) associated with a preamble of a data packet.
  • STFs short training fields
  • CEFs channel estimation fields
  • the STF field can have multiple uses in wireless networks, including, but not limited to, packet detection, carrier frequency offset estimation, noise power estimation, synchronization, automatic gain control (AGC) setup and other possible signal estimations.
  • the CEF can be used for the channel estimation in the time or the frequency domain. In the time domain, a Golay correlator can be used to perform matched filter operations without requiring the implementation of multipliers.
  • FIG. 1 is a network diagram illustrating an example network environment, according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Wireless network 100 may include one or more devices 120 and one or more access point(s) (AP) 102, which may communicate in accordance with IEEE 802.11 communication standards, including IEEE 802.11 ay.
  • the device(s) 120 may be mobile devices that are non-stationary and do not have fixed locations.
  • the user device(s) 120 may include any suitable processor-driven user device including, but not limited to, a desktop user device, a laptop user device, a server, a router, a switch, an access point, a smartphone, a tablet, wearable wireless device (e.g., bracelet, watch, glasses, ring, etc.) and so forth.
  • the user devices 120 and AP 102 may include one or more computer systems similar to that of the functional diagram of FIG. 16 and/or the example machine/system of FIG. 17, to be discussed further.
  • any of the user device(s) 120 may be configured to communicate with each other via one or more communications networks 130 and/or 135 wirelessly or wired.
  • Any of the communications networks 130 and/or 135 may include, but not limited to, any one of a combination of different types of suitable communications networks such as, for example, broadcasting networks, cable networks, public networks (e.g., the Internet), private networks, wireless networks, cellular networks, or any other suitable private and/or public networks.
  • any of the communications networks 130 and/or 135 may have any suitable communication range associated therewith and may include, for example, global networks (e.g., the Internet), metropolitan area networks (MANs), wide area networks (WANs), local area networks (LANs), or personal area networks (PANs).
  • any of the communications networks 130 and/or 135 may include any type of medium over which network traffic may be carried including, but not limited to, coaxial cable, twisted-pair wire, optical fiber, a hybrid fiber coaxial (HFC) medium, microwave terrestrial transceivers, radio frequency communication mediums, white space communication mediums, ultra-high frequency communication mediums, satellite communication mediums, or any combination thereof.
  • coaxial cable twisted-pair wire
  • optical fiber a hybrid fiber coaxial (HFC) medium
  • microwave terrestrial transceivers microwave terrestrial transceivers
  • radio frequency communication mediums white space communication mediums
  • ultra-high frequency communication mediums satellite communication mediums, or any combination thereof.
  • Any of the user device(s) 120 may include one or more communications antennae.
  • Communications antenna may be any suitable type of antenna corresponding to the communications protocols used by the user device(s) 120 (e.g., user devices 124, 124 and 128), and AP 102.
  • suitable communications antennas include Wi-Fi antennas, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.1 1 family of standards compatible antennas, directional antennas, non-directional antennas, dipole antennas, folded dipole antennas, patch antennas, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennas, or the like.
  • the communications antenna may be communicatively coupled to a radio component to transmit and/or receive signals, such as communications signals to and/or from the user devices 120.
  • Any of the user devices 120 may include any suitable radio and/or transceiver for transmitting and/or receiving radio frequency (RF) signals in the bandwidth and/or channels corresponding to the communications protocols utilized by any of the user device(s) 120 and AP 102 to communicate with each other.
  • the radio components may include hardware and/or software to modulate and/or demodulate communications signals according to pre-established transmission protocols.
  • the radio components may further have hardware and/or software instructions to communicate via one or more Wi-Fi and/or Wi-Fi direct protocols, as standardized by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.1 1 standards.
  • the radio component in cooperation with the communications antennas, may be configured to communicate via 2.4 GHz channels (e.g. 802.11b, 802. l lg, 802.11 ⁇ ), 5 GHz channels (e.g. 802.11 ⁇ , 802.1 lac), or 60 GHZ channels (e.g. 802.11 ad).
  • non-Wi-Fi protocols may be used for communications between devices, such as Bluetooth, dedicated short-range communication (DSRC), Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) (e.g. IEEE 802.11af, IEEE 802.22), white band frequency (e.g., white spaces), or other packetized radio communications.
  • the radio component may include any known receiver and baseband suitable for communicating via the communications protocols.
  • the radio component may further include a low noise amplifier (LNA), additional signal amplifiers, an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter, one or more buffers, and digital baseband.
  • LNA low noise amplifier
  • A/D analog-to-digital
  • an AP e.g., AP 102
  • the AP may communicate in the downlink direction by sending data frames (e.g., 142).
  • the data frames may be preceded by one or more preambles that may be part of one or more headers. These preambles may be used to allow the user device to detect a new incoming data frame from the AP.
  • a preamble may be a signal used in network communications to synchronize transmission timing between two or more devices (e.g., between the APs and user devices).
  • the disclosed systems and methods can be used in connection with the mmWave (60 GHz) band, which may be related to the IEEE 802. Had standard also known as WiGig.
  • IEEE 802.1 lay may be used to increase the transmission data rate in wireless networks, for example, by using one or more Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) and/or channel bonding techniques.
  • MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output
  • this disclosure describes symbol blocking structures and Guard Intervals (GIs) for Single Carrier (SC) Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) single channel and channel bonding transmission.
  • the disclosure can define three types of the GI and SC data block, for example, short, normal (or medium) and long.
  • the GI can be defined as a Ga N Golay sequence of length N.
  • the sequence itself can have multiple lengths N to support channel bonding.
  • the number of sequences of the same length can be extended to the Golay Sequence Set (GSS), for example, in order to support MIMO transmission.
  • the number of sequences in the GSS can correspond to the number of space-time streams NSTS- [0067] FIG.
  • the PPDU 200 can represent the general frame format for use in connection with MIMO.
  • the preamble 202 of the PPDU 200 can include a legacy short training field (STF) 204, a legacy channel estimation field (CEF) 206, a legacy header L-Header field 208, an EDMG-Header-A field 210, an EDMG-STF field 212, an EDMG- CEF field 214, and an EDMG-Header-B field 216.
  • STF legacy short training field
  • CEF legacy channel estimation field
  • a SU-MIMO frame (not shown) can include the fields above (that is, a legacy short training field (STF) 204, a legacy channel estimation field (CEF) 206, a legacy header L-Header field 208, an EDMG- Header-A field 210, an EDMG-STF field 212, an EDMG-CEF field 214, and a data portion field 218, an optional automatic gain control (AGC) field 220, and beamforming training units (TRN) field(s) 222), except the EDMG-Header-B field 202.
  • a multi-user (MU) MIMO frame can include EDMG-Header-B field.
  • FIG. 3 shows a table 300 that provides a summary of the GI lengths for different channel bonding factors in accordance with example embodiments of the disclosure.
  • the disclosure can define three types of the guard interval (GI) and single carrier (SC) data block lengths, for example, short, normal (or medium) and long GI and SC data block lengths.
  • GI guard interval
  • SC single carrier
  • such SC symbol block length can allow the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) size to be equal to approximately 512 pt, regardless of the GI type, that is, short, normal (or medium) and long GI types.
  • the SC symbol block lengths, N DA TA can be defined as the DFT size, 512, minus the NGI length (32, 64, or 128), respectively.
  • the GI length N G i can be multiplied by the NCB factor to obtain the sequence length.
  • the corresponding SC symbol block length N D ATA can also be multiplied by the NCB factor.
  • the DFT size can be equal to 512*NCB, regardless the particular type of the GI (that is short, normal (or medium) and long GI types).
  • FIG. 4 shows an example diagram 400 of a symbol blocking structure for the i-th space-time stream for SC SU-MIMO single channel transmission for different types of GI, in accordance with example embodiments of the disclosure.
  • the GI and data part can be defined at the legacy chip rate equal to approximately 1.76 GHz.
  • two or more of the sequences can be mutually orthogonal.
  • the EDMG-Header-B may not be present in the PPDU (similar, but not necessarily identical to, the PPDU shown in FIG. 2), and the data portion of the PPDU may start after the EDMG-CEF field.
  • the number of space-time streams NSTS can be equal to 8.
  • this disclosure is not limited to this particular number; rather the GIs can have any number of GI'N sequences having any number of space-time streams NSTS.
  • the EDMG-Header-B can be present and the data portion of the PPDU may start after the EDMG-Header-B.
  • the number of space-time streams NSTS can be equal to 8 or 16.
  • this disclosure is not limited to this particular number; rather the GIs can have any number of GI'N sequences having any number of space-time streams NSTS.
  • the EDMG-Header-B can have a normal (or medium) GI length of 64 chips, regardless the GI data type.
  • the short GI can be defined as a right half of the normal GI and the normal GI can be defined as a left half of the long GI.
  • the EDMG-CEF field 402 can be followed by GI ⁇ field 404 of size 32, GI ⁇ data field 406 of size 480, and GI 2 408 of size 32.
  • the EDMG-CEF field 410 can be followed by GI ⁇ field 412 of size 64, a data field 414 of size 448, and GF ⁇ 416 of size 64.
  • the EDMG-CEF field 41 8 can be followed by GI ⁇ s field 420 of size 128, a data field 424 of size 384, and GI ⁇ s 426 of size 128.
  • FIG. 5 shows an example diagram 500 of a symbol blocking structure for the i-th space-time stream for SC MU-MIMO single channel transmission for different types of GI, in accordance with example embodiments of the disclosure.
  • the GI and the data portion can be defined at the legacy chip rate equal to approximately 1.76 GHz.
  • the sequences can be mutually orthogonal.
  • the EDMG-Header-B can have a constant symbol block length equal to 448 chips and GI length of 64 chips.
  • the EDMG-Header-B may not be present and data part of the PPDU starts right after the EDMG-CEF field.
  • the number of space-time streams NSTS can be equal to 8.
  • this disclosure is not limited to this particular number; rather the GIs can have any number of GI'N sequences having any number of space-time streams NSTS.
  • the EDMG-CEF field 502 can be followed by GI ⁇ field 504 of size 64, an EDMG-Header-B field 505 of size 448, a GI ⁇ field 506 of size 64, a data field 508 of size 480, and GF 32 510 of size 32.
  • the EDMG-CEF field 510 can be followed by GI M field 512 of size 64, an EDMG- Header-B field 513 of size 448, a Gf 64 field 514 of size 64, a data field 516 of size 448, and
  • the EDMG-CEF field 520 can be followed by GI M field 522 of size 64, an EDMG-Header-B field 524 of size 448, a Gl 2 s field 526 of size 128, a data field 528 of size 384, and Gi ns 530 of size 128.
  • FIG. 6 shows a diagram 600 of an example symbol blocking structure for the i-th space-time stream for SC SU-MIMO channel bonding transmission for different types of GI, in accordance with example embodiments of the disclosure.
  • the GI and data portion can be defined at approximately the NCB*1.76 GHZ sample rate.
  • the EDMG-Header-B can be present and data part of the PPDU starts right after the EDMG-Header-B.
  • the number of space-time streams NSTS can be equal to 8 or 16.
  • this disclosure is not limited to this particular number; rather the GIs can have any number of GI'N sequences having any number of space-time streams NSTS.
  • the EDMG-CEF field 602 can be followed by GI ⁇ field 604 of size 32, a data field 606 of size 480, a GI ⁇ 608 of size 32.
  • the EDMG-CEF field 610 can be followed by GI ⁇ field 612 of size 64, a data field 614 of size 448, a GI ⁇ 616 of size 64.
  • the EDMG-CEF field 618 can be followed by Gl 2 s field 620 of size 128, a data field 622 of size 384, a GI ⁇ s 624 of size 128.
  • FIG. 7 shows a diagram 700 of an example symbol blocking structure for the i-th space-time stream for SC MU-MIMO channel bonding transmission for different types of GI, in accordance with example embodiments of the disclosure.
  • the GI and data portion can be defined at approximately the NCB* 1.76 GHZ sample rate.
  • the EDMG-Header-B field can have constant length of 64*NCB regardless the GI data type.
  • the EDMG-Header-B field length can be equal to the normal GI length for short GIs and normal (medium) GIs. In another embodiment, the EDMG-Header-B field length can be equal to the first half of the long GI for long GIs. In one embodiment, the EDMG-Header-B field can have a constant symbol block length equal to 448*N CB .
  • the EDMG-CEF field 702 can be followed by GI ⁇ field 704 of size 64, an EDMG-Header-B field 706 of size 448, a GI ⁇ field 708 of size 64, a data field 710 of size 480, and 01 *32 12 of size 32.
  • the EDMG-CEF field 714 can be followed by GI M field 716 of size 64, an EDMG- Header-B field of size 448, a GI ⁇ field 718 of size 64, a data field 720 of size 448, and GI ⁇ 722 of size 64.
  • the EDMG-CEF field 724 can be followed by GI ⁇ field 726 of size 64, an EDMG-Header-B field of size 448, a GI ⁇ field 728 of size 128, a data field 730 of size 384, and GF128 732 of size 128.
  • FIG. 8 shows an example diagram 800 of a transmission with long GI in accordance with example embodiments of the disclosure.
  • Header-B uses a long GI type.
  • the transmission can maintain the same block length of 448*NCB-
  • the EDMG-CEF field 802 can be followed by GI ⁇ s field 804 of size 128, an EDMG- Header-B field 806 of size 448, a GI ⁇ s field 808 of size 128, a data field 810 of size 384, and
  • the GI for single channel (SC) transmission can have a space-time stream defined as Ga Golay sequence.
  • a Golay sequence set can define different sequences for different space-time streams.
  • the GaN sequences of length N can be modulated applying ⁇ /2 rotation, for example, by multiplication on the exponent as follows:
  • the delay vector Dk can be different for different length N and can be constant over the space-time streams.
  • the sequences for different space-time streams differ in the weight vectors Wk only.
  • FIG. 9 shows a table 900 that can define the weight vectors for different space- time streams up to 16 streams, in accordance with example embodiments of the disclosure. In another embodiment, any subset of the weight vectors shown in the table 900 can be used to set up a smaller number of streams.
  • the SU-MIMO transmission can have a predetermined number of streams, for example, 8 streams.
  • the first 8 weight vectors in the table 900 can define the Ga sequences for use in connection with the streams.
  • the same 8 sequences can be used. Addition or extend them up to 16. In the former case only the first 8 vectors (similar to SU-MIMO) will be used only. In the latter case all 16 vectors in the table 900 will be used.
  • the weight vectors 904 for a sequence length of 32 can be [+1 , + 1 , -1 , - 1 , + 1] for 1 stream, [- 1 , + 1 , -1 , - 1 , +1 ] for 2 streams, [- 1 , - 1 , - 1 , - 1 ] for 3 streams, [+1, -1, -1, -1, -1] for 4 streams, [-1, -1, -1, -1, +1] for 5 streams, [+1, -1, -1, -1, +1] for 6 streams, [-1, -1, -1, +1, -1] for 7 streams, [+1, -1, -1, +1, -1] for 8 streams, [-1, -1, -1, +1, +1] for 9 streams, [+1, -1, -1, +1, +1] for 10 streams, [-1, -1, +1, -1, -1] for 11 streams, [
  • the weight vectors 906 for a sequence length of 64 can be [+1, +1, -1, -1, +1, -1] for 1 stream, [-1, +1, -1, -1, +1, -1] for 2 streams, [-1, -1, -1, -1,-1] for 3 streams, [+1, -1, -1, -1,-1] for 4 streams, [-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, +1,-1] for 5 streams, [+1, -1, - 1, -1, +1,-1] for 6 streams, [-1, -1, -1, +1, -1,-1] for 7 streams, [+1, -1, -1, +1, -1,-1] for 8 streams, [-1, -1, -1, +1, +1,-1] for 9 streams, [+1, -1, -1, +1, +1,-1] for 10 streams, [-1, -1, +1, -1,-1] for 11 streams
  • the weight vectors 908 for a sequence length of 128 can be [+1, +1, -1, -1, +1, +1, +1] for 1 stream, [-1, +1, -1, -1, +1, +1, +1] for 2 streams, [-1, -1, -1, - 1,-1 +1 +1] for 3 streams, [+1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 Spotify+1, +1] for 4 streams, [-1, -1, -1, -1, +1 +1, +1] for 5 streams, [+1, -1, -1, -1, +1, +1, +1] for 6 streams, [-1, -1, -1, +1, -1 +1, +1] for 7 streams, [+1, -1, -1, +1, -1 +1, +1] for 8 streams, [-1, -1, -1, +1, +1, +1] for 9 streams, [+1, -1, -1, +1, +1, +1
  • FIG. 10 shows a table 1000 that defines the Guard Interval (GI) GI'N for space-time stream with index "i" and length N, in accordance with example embodiments of the disclosure.
  • the GIs GI'N can be defined as a Golay Ga sequence with + or - sign, i.e. +Ga N or -GaV
  • the sign choice for the Ga sequence can provide the nested property discussed above.
  • the delay vector Dk can be different for different length N and can be constant over the space-time streams.
  • the sequences for different space-time streams differ in the weight vectors Wk only.
  • FIG. 11 shows a table 1100 can define the weight vectors for different space-time streams up to 16 streams, in accordance with example embodiments of the disclosure. Note that any subset of these vectors can be used to set up a smaller number of streams. In various embodiments, one or more generation procedures can be used to generate Ga sequence from the given vectors Dk and Wk.
  • the Wk vectors 1104 for a Ga64 can be [-1, -1, -1, -1, +1, -1] for 1 stream, [+1, -1, -1, +1, -1] for 2 streams, [-1, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1] for 3 streams, [+1, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1] for 4 streams, [-1, -1, -1, +1, -1, +1] for 5 streams, [+1, -1, -1, +1, -1, +1] for 6 streams, [-1, -1, -1, +1, +1, +1] for 7 streams, [+1, -1, -1, +1, +1, +1] for 8 streams, [-1, -1, +1, -1, -1, +1] for 9 streams, [+1, -1, +1, -1, -1, +1] for 10 streams, [-1, -1, +1, -1, +1, -1, +1, -1
  • the Wk vectors 1106 for a Gal28 can be [-1, -1, -1, -1, +1, - 1, -1] for 1 stream, [+1, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1] for 2 streams, [-1, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1 +1] for 3 streams, [+1, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1 +1] for 4 streams, [-1, -1, -1, +1, -1, +1] for 5 streams, [+1, - 1, -1, +1, -1, +1 +1] for 6 streams, [-1, -1, -1, +1, +1, +1,-1] for 7 streams, [+1, -1, -1, +1, +1, +1,-1] for 8 streams, [-1, -1, +1, -1, -1, +1,-1] for 9 streams, [+1, -1, +1, -1, -1, -1, +1, -1, 9 streams,
  • the Wk vectors 1108 for a Ga256 can be [-1, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1, +1] for 1 stream, [+1, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1, +1] for 2 streams, [-1, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1 +1,-1] for 3 streams, [+1, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1 +1,-1] for 4 streams, [-1, -1, -1, +1, -1, +1,-1] for 5 streams, [+1, -1, -1, +1, -1, +1 +1,-1] for 6 streams, [-1, -1, -1, +1, +1, +1,-1,-1] for 7 streams, [+1, -1, -1, +1, +1, +1,-1,-1] for 8 streams, [-1, -1, +1, -1, -1, +1,-1,-1,-1, +1,-1,-1,-1] for 8 streams
  • the Wk vectors 1110 for a Ga512 can be [-1, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1, +1, +1] for 1 stream, [+1, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1, +1, +1] for 2 streams, [-1, -1, -1, +1, -1, - 1 +1,-1 +1] for 3 streams, [+1, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1 +1,-1 +1] for 4 streams, [-1, -1, -1, +1, -1, +1 +1,-1, +1] for 5 streams, [+1, -1, -1, +1, -1, +1 +1,-1, +1] for 6 streams, [-1, -1, -1, +1, +1, +1,-1,-1, +1] for 7 streams, [+1, -1, -1, +1, +1, +1,-1,-1, +1] for 8
  • the GI GI'N can be defined as a Golay Ga sequence with + or
  • GI 64 -Ga 64 for 7 streams
  • GI 64 -Ga 64 for 8 streams
  • GI 64 -Ga 64 for 9 streams
  • GI 64 - Ga 10 64 for 10 streams
  • GI U 64 +Ga U 64 for 1 1 streams
  • GI 12 64 +Ga 12 64 for 12 streams
  • GI 1 64 +Ga 1 64 for 13 streams
  • GI 14 64 +Ga 14 64 for 14 streams
  • GI 15 64 -Ga 15 64 for 15 streams
  • GI 16 64 -Ga 16 64 for 16 streams.
  • the Guard Interval (GI) GI'N can be defined as a Golay Ga sequence with + or
  • the sign choice for the Ga sequence can provide the nested property discussed above.
  • the delay vector Dk can be different for different length N and can be constant over the space-time streams.
  • the sequences for different space-time streams can differ in the weight vectors Wk.
  • FIG. 14 shows a table 1400 defines can define the weight vectors for different space-time streams up to 16 streams in accordance with example embodiments of the disclosure.
  • any subset of weight vectors shown in tablel400 can be used to set up a smaller number of streams.
  • the Wk vectors 1404 for a Ga96 can be [-1, -1, -1, -1, +1] for streams 1 and 2, [-1, -1, -1, +1, -1] for streams 3 and 4, [-1, -1, +1, -1, -1] for streams 5 and 6, [-1, -1, +1, +1, -1] for streams 7 and 8, [-1, +1, -1, -1, -1] for streams 9 and 10, [-1, +1, -1, +1, -1] for streams 11 and 12, [-1, +1, +1, -1, -1] for streams 13 and 14, and [-1, +1, +1, +1, -1] for streams 15 and 16.
  • the Wk vectors 1406 for a Gal92 can be [-1, -1, -1, -1, +1 +1] for streams 1 and 2, [-1, -1, -1, +1, -1, +1] for streams 3 and 4, [-1, -1, +1, -1, -1, +1] for streams 5 and 6, [-1, -1, +1, +1, -1, +1] for streams 7 and 8, [-1, +1, -1, -1, 1] for streams 9 and 10, [-1, +1, -1, +1, -1, 1] for streams 11 and 12, [-1, +1, +1, -1, -1, +1] for streams 13 and 14, and [-1, +1, +1, +1, -1, 1] for streams 15 and 16.
  • the Wk vectors 1408 for a Ga384 can be [-1, -1, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1] for streams 1 and 2, [-1, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1, +1] for streams 3 and 4, [-1, -1, -1, +1, -1, +1 +1] for streams 5 and 6, [-1, -1, -1, +1, +1, +1, -1] for streams 7 and 8, [-1, -1, +1, -1, -1, +1, -1] for streams 9 and 10, [-1, -1, +1, -1, +1,-1, +1] for streams 11 and 12, [-1, -1, +1, -1, +1, +1 +1] for streams 13 and 14, and [-1, -1, +1, +1, -1, +1,-1] for streams 15 and 16.
  • GI Guard Interval
  • the guard interval for a long GI length 1508 can have a value
  • GI 38 4 +Ga 38 4 for 1 stream
  • GI 384 +Ga 384 for 2 streams
  • GI 384 +Ga 384 for 3 streams
  • GI 4 384 +Ga 4 384 for 4 streams
  • GI 5 384 +Ga 5 384 for 5 streams
  • FIG. 16 shows an example flow chart illustrating operation for a transmitting device used in connection with the symbol blocking and guard interval definitions herein, in accordance with example embodiments of the disclosure.
  • a device can establish one or more MIMO communication channels on a network, between the device and one or more devices.
  • the establishment of the MIMO communications channels may first involve a determination of data by the device to send to one or more devices of the plurality of devices.
  • the establishment of the MIMO communications channels may further involve the transmission of one or more data packets (for example, one or more Request to Send (RTS)) to notify the one or more devices of the plurality of devices to establish the communications channel.
  • RTS Request to Send
  • the establishment of the MIMO communications channels may be performed in accordance with one or more wireless and/or network standards.
  • the network further comprises single carrier channel bonding.
  • a size of a discrete Fourier transform, a symbol block length, or a guard interval length can be based at least in part on a channel bonding factor associated with the one or more MIMO communication channels.
  • the MIMO communication channel can further comprise a (i) single user (SU) MIMO transmission, or (ii) a multi-user (MU) MIMO transmission.
  • the device can determine data to transmit to one or more of the one or more devices on a data stream. This determination of the data to send may be made, for example, based on a user input to the device, a predetermined schedule of data transmissions on the network, changes in network conditions, and the like.
  • the establishment of the MIMO communications channels may further involve the transmission of one or more data packets (for example, one or more Request to Send (RTS)) to notify the one or more devices of the plurality of devices to establish the communications channel.
  • RTS Request to Send
  • the establishment of the MIMO communications channels may be performed in accordance with one or more wireless and/or network standards.
  • the device can determine one or more Golay sequences.
  • the Golay sequences can be complementary Golay sequences.
  • a Golay sequence set (GSS) generation system may produce complementary Golay sequences of an arbitrary length.
  • GSS for a sequence can be defined in terms of delay vector and/or a weight vector.
  • the delay vector and/or a weight vector can be described in accordance with IEEE 802.11 ad standards.
  • the Ga and Gb sequences can be generated using these vectors, for example, by using Golay generator structures.
  • the delay vector and the weight vector can be based at least in part on the (Ga, Gb) complementary pair.
  • the weight vectors can be defined as shown and described in connection with the figures and/or tables shown herein and their relevant description.
  • the device can determine a plurality of delay vectors.
  • a GSS generation system may produce complementary sequences of an arbitrary length.
  • a GSS for a sequence can be defined in terms of delay vector and/or a weight vector.
  • the delay vector and/or a weight vector can be described in accordance with IEEE 802.11 ad standards.
  • the Ga and Gb sequences can be generated using these vectors, for example, by using Golay generator structures.
  • the delay vector and the weight vector can be based at least in part on the (Ga, Gb) complementary pair.
  • guard intervals can be defined using the delay vectors.
  • the device can determine one or more guard intervals or one or more symbol blocking structures for the one or more MIMO communication channels based at least in part on the one or more Golay sequences.
  • the determination of the guard intervals can be based on Golay sequences and/or Golay sequence sets, which can be further based on a plurality of weight vectors and the plurality of delay vectors.
  • the guard intervals can be determined as shown and described in connection with the figures and/or tables shown herein, for example, for different spatial stream numbers.
  • the guard intervals, GI'N can further have a sign, that is positive or negative, for example: +Ga N or -GaV
  • the guard interval can have three types having lengths : short, medium, and long.
  • the guard intervals can be defined for single channel transmission channel bonding (for example, channel bonding factor of 2, 3 and/or 4), and/or for MIMO transmission.
  • the disclosure can be used in connection with single carrier (SC) PHY for use in connection with one or more standards, for example, in connection with IEEE 802. H ay.
  • SC single carrier
  • the disclosed systems and methods can be used in connection with directional antennas, for example, phase antenna arrays (PAAs).
  • PAAs phase antenna arrays
  • the device can send to the one or more of the one or more devices, the guard intervals or the one or more symbol blocking structures.
  • the one or more guard intervals may be encapsulated in a data frame that is sent from the device to one or more of the plurality of devices.
  • the guard intervals may be sent at a predetermined time based at least in part on a predetermined schedule of communication between the devices of the network.
  • a first guard interval may be first sent by the device, a period of time may elapse, and the device may repeat some or all of the procedures described in connection with any one or more of the previous blocks, and resend second guard intervals.
  • the device may receive information from the receiving device, indicative of a change to be performed by the transmitting device in sending data and/or guard intervals.
  • the information may indicate to change the number of streams of the MIMO communications channels, to increase and/or decrease the amount of data transmitted on one or more channels of the MIMO communications channels, to retransmit one or more packets of data, to send one or more packets of data at a predetermined time, and the like.
  • the device can send the data to the one or more of the one or more devices.
  • the data may be encapsulated in a data frame that is sent from the device to one or more of the plurality of devices.
  • the data may be sent at a predetermined time based at least in part on a predetermined schedule of communication between the devices of the network.
  • a first data may be first sent by the device, a period of time may elapse, and the device may repeat some or all of the procedures described in connection with any one or more of the previous blocks, and resend second data.
  • the device may receive information from the receiving device, indicative of a change to be performed by the transmitting device in sending data and/or guard intervals.
  • the information may indicate to change the number of streams of the MIMO communications channels, to increase and/or decrease the amount of data transmitted on one or more channels of the MIMO communications channels, to retransmit one or more packets of data, to send one or more packets of data at a predetermined time, and the like.
  • FIG. 17 shows an example flow chart illustrating operation for a receiving device used in connection with the symbol blocking and guard interval definitions herein, in accordance with example embodiments of the disclosure.
  • a device can establish one or more MIMO communication channels on a network, between the device and one or more devices.
  • the establishment of the MIMO communications channels may first involve a determination of data by the device to send to one or more devices of the plurality of devices.
  • the establishment of the MIMO communications channels may further involve the transmission of one or more data packets (for example, one or more Request to Send (RTS)) to notify the one or more devices of the plurality of devices to establish the communications channel.
  • RTS Request to Send
  • the establishment of the MIMO communications channels may be performed in accordance with one or more wireless and/or network standards.
  • the network further comprises single carrier channel bonding.
  • a size of a discrete Fourier transform, a symbol block length, or a guard interval length can be based at least in part on a channel bonding factor associated with the one or more MIMO communication channels.
  • the MIMO communication channel can further comprise a (i) single user (SU) MIMO transmission, or (ii) a multi-user (MU) MIMO transmission.
  • SU single user
  • MU multi-user
  • the device can receive data from one or more of the one or more devices on a data stream. This reception of the data may be, for example, based on a user input to the device, a predetermined schedule of data transmissions on the network, changes in network conditions, and the like.
  • the establishment of the MIMO communications channels may further involve the transmission/reception of one or more data packets (for example, one or more Request to Send (RTS)) to notify the one or more devices of the plurality of devices to establish the communications channel.
  • RTS Request to Send
  • the establishment of the MIMO communications channels may be performed in accordance with one or more wireless and/or network standards.
  • the device can receive one or more Golay sequences.
  • the Golay sequences can be complementary Golay sequences.
  • a Golay sequence set (GSS) generation system may produce complementary Golay sequences of an arbitrary length.
  • GSS for a sequence can be defined in terms of delay vector and/or a weight vector.
  • the delay vector and/or a weight vector can be described in accordance with IEEE 802.1 l ad standards.
  • the Ga and Gb sequences can be generated using these vectors, for example, by using Golay generator structures.
  • the delay vector and the weight vector can be based at least in part on the (Ga, Gb) complementary pair.
  • the weight vectors can be defined as shown and described in connection with the figures and/or tables shown herein and their relevant description.
  • the device or the one or more devices can determine a plurality of delay vectors.
  • a GSS generation system may produce complementary sequences of an arbitrary length.
  • a GSS for a sequence can be defined in terms of delay vector and/or a weight vector.
  • the delay vector and/or a weight vector can be described in accordance with IEEE 802.11 ad standards.
  • the Ga and Gb sequences can be generated using these vectors, for example, by using Golay generator structures.
  • the delay vector and the weight vector can be based at least in part on the (Ga, Gb) complementary pair.
  • guard intervals can be defined using the delay vectors.
  • the device can receive one or more guard intervals or one or more symbol blocking structures for the one or more MIMO communication channels based at least in part on the one or more Golay sequences.
  • a determination of the guard intervals can be based on Golay sequences and/or Golay sequence sets, which can be further based on a plurality of weight vectors and the plurality of delay vectors.
  • the guard intervals can be determined as shown and described in connection with the figures and/or tables shown herein, for example, for different spatial stream numbers.
  • the guard intervals, GI'N can further have a sign, that is positive or negative, for example: +Ga N or -GaV
  • the guard interval can have three types having lengths : short, medium, and long.
  • the guard intervals can be defined for single channel transmission channel bonding (for example, channel bonding factor of 2, 3 and/or 4), and/or for MIMO transmission.
  • the disclosure can be used in connection with single carrier (SC) PHY for use in connection with one or more standards, for example, in connection with IEEE 802. H ay.
  • SC single carrier
  • the disclosed systems and methods can be used in connection with directional antennas, for example, phase antenna arrays (PAAs).
  • PAAs phase antenna arrays
  • the device can receive from the one or more of the one or more devices, the guard intervals or the one or more symbol blocking structures.
  • the one or more guard intervals may be encapsulated in a data frame that is received from the one or more of the plurality of devices by the device.
  • the guard intervals may be sent at a predetermined time based at least in part on a predetermined schedule of communication between the devices of the network.
  • a first guard interval may be first received by the device, a period of time may elapse, and the device may repeat some or all of the procedures described in connection with any one or more of the previous blocks, and receive second guard intervals.
  • the device may receive information from the one or more devices, indicative of a change to be performed by the one or more devices in sending data and/or guard intervals.
  • the device can receive the data from the one or more of the one or more devices.
  • the data may be encapsulated in a data frame that is sent from the device to one or more of the plurality of devices.
  • the data may be received at a predetermined time based at least in part on a predetermined schedule of communication between the devices of the network.
  • a first data may be first received by the device, a period of time may elapse, and the device may repeat some or all of the procedures described in connection with any one or more of the previous blocks, and receive second data.
  • the device may receive information from the transmitting device, indicative of a change to be performed by the transmitting device in sending data and/or guard intervals.
  • Various embodiments may be implemented fully or partially in software and/or firmware.
  • This software and/or firmware may take the form of instructions contained in or on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. Those instructions may then be read and executed by one or more processors to enable performance of the operations described herein.
  • the instructions may be in any suitable form, such as but not limited to source code, compiled code, interpreted code, executable code, static code, dynamic code, and the like.
  • Such a computer-readable medium may include any tangible non-transitory medium for storing information in a form readable by one or more computers, such as but not limited to read only memory (ROM); random access memory (RAM); magnetic disk storage media; optical storage media; a flash memory, etc.
  • FIG. 18 shows a functional diagram of an exemplary communication station 1800 in accordance with some embodiments.
  • FIG. 18 illustrates a functional block diagram of a communication station that may be suitable for use as an AP 102 (FIG. 1) or communication station user device 120 (FIG. 1) in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the communication station 1800 may also be suitable for use as a handheld device, mobile device, cellular telephone, smartphone, tablet, netbook, wireless terminal, laptop computer, wearable computer device, femtocell, High Data Rate (HDR) subscriber station, access point, access terminal, or other personal communication system (PCS) device.
  • HDR High Data Rate
  • the communication station 1800 may include communications circuitry 1802 and a transceiver 1810 for transmitting and receiving signals to and from other communication stations using one or more antennas 1801.
  • the communications circuitry 1802 may include circuitry that can operate the physical layer communications and/or medium access control (MAC) communications for controlling access to the wireless medium, and/or any other communications layers for transmitting and receiving signals.
  • the communication station 1800 may also include processing circuitry 1806 and memory 1808 arranged to perform the operations described herein.
  • the communications circuitry 1802 and the processing circuitry 1806 may be configured to perform operations detailed in FIGs. 1 -15.
  • the communications circuitry 1802 may be arranged to contend for a wireless medium and configure frames or packets for communicating over the wireless medium.
  • the communications circuitry 1802 may be arranged to transmit and receive signals.
  • the communications circuitry 1802 may also include circuitry for modulation/demodulation, upconversion/downconversion, filtering, amplification, etc.
  • the processing circuitry 1806 of the communication station 1800 may include one or more processors.
  • two or more antennas 1801 may be coupled to the communications circuitry 1802 arranged for sending and receiving signals.
  • the memory 1808 may store information for configuring the processing circuitry 1806 to perform operations for configuring and transmitting message frames and performing the various operations described herein.
  • the memory 1808 may include any type of memory, including non-transitory memory, for storing information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer).
  • the memory 1808 may include a computer-readable storage device may, read-only memory (ROM), random- access memory (RAM), magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, flash-memory devices and other storage devices and media.
  • the communication station 1800 may be part of a portable wireless communication device, such as a personal digital assistant (PDA), a laptop or portable computer with wireless communication capability, a web tablet, a wireless telephone, a smartphone, a wireless headset, a pager, an instant messaging device, a digital camera, an access point, a television, a medical device (e.g., a heart rate monitor, a blood pressure monitor, etc.), a wearable computer device, or another device that may receive and/or transmit information wirelessly.
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • laptop or portable computer with wireless communication capability such as a personal digital assistant (PDA), a laptop or portable computer with wireless communication capability, a web tablet, a wireless telephone, a smartphone, a wireless headset, a pager, an instant messaging device, a digital camera, an access point, a television, a medical device (e.g., a heart rate monitor, a blood pressure monitor, etc.), a wearable computer device, or another device that may receive and/or transmit information wirelessly.
  • the communication station 1800 may include one or more antennas 1801.
  • the antennas 1801 may include one or more directional or omnidirectional antennas, including, for example, dipole antennas, monopole antennas, patch antennas, loop antennas, microstrip antennas, or other types of antennas suitable for transmission of RF signals.
  • a single antenna with multiple apertures may be used instead of two or more antennas.
  • each aperture may be considered a separate antenna.
  • MIMO multiple-input multiple-output
  • the antennas may be effectively separated for spatial diversity and the different channel characteristics that may result between each of the antennas and the antennas of a transmitting station.
  • the communication station 1800 may include one or more of a keyboard, a display, a non-volatile memory port, multiple antennas, a graphics processor, an application processor, speakers, and other mobile device elements.
  • the display may be an LCD screen including a touch screen.
  • the communication station 1800 is illustrated as having several separate functional elements, two or more of the functional elements may be combined and may be implemented by combinations of software-configured elements, such as processing elements including digital signal processors (DSPs), and/or other hardware elements.
  • processing elements including digital signal processors (DSPs), and/or other hardware elements.
  • DSPs digital signal processors
  • some elements may include one or more microprocessors, DSPs, field- programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), radio- frequency integrated circuits (RFICs) and combinations of various hardware and logic circuitry for performing at least the functions described herein.
  • the functional elements of the communication station 1800 may refer to one or more processes operating on one or more processing elements.
  • Certain embodiments may be implemented in one or a combination of hardware, firmware, and software. Other embodiments may also be implemented as instructions stored on a computer-readable storage device, which may be read and executed by at least one processor to perform the operations described herein.
  • a computer-readable storage device may include any non-transitory memory mechanism for storing information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer).
  • a computer-readable storage device may include read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory (RAM), magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, flash-memory devices, and other storage devices and media.
  • the communication station 1800 may include one or more processors and may be configured with instructions stored on a computer-readable storage device memory.
  • FIG. 19 illustrates a block diagram of an example of a machine 1900 or system upon which any one or more of the techniques (e.g., methodologies) discussed herein may be performed.
  • the machine 1900 may operate as a standalone device or may be connected (e.g., networked) to other machines.
  • the machine 1900 may operate in the capacity of a server machine, a client machine, or both in server-client network environments.
  • the machine 1900 may act as a peer machine in peer-to-peer (P2P) (or other distributed) network environments.
  • P2P peer-to-peer
  • the machine 1900 may be a personal computer (PC), a tablet PC, a set-top box (STB), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a mobile telephone, wearable computer device, a web appliance, a network router, switch or bridge, or any machine capable of executing instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine, such as a base station.
  • PC personal computer
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • STB set-top box
  • mobile telephone wearable computer device
  • web appliance e.g., a web appliance
  • network router a network router, switch or bridge
  • machine any machine capable of executing instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine, such as a base station.
  • machine shall also be taken to include any collection of machines that individually or jointly execute a set (or multiple sets) of instructions to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein, such as cloud computing, software as a service (SaaS), or other computer cluster configurations.
  • Examples, as described herein, may include or may operate on logic or a number of components, modules, or mechanisms.
  • Modules are tangible entities (e.g., hardware) capable of performing specified operations when operating.
  • a module includes hardware.
  • the hardware may be specifically configured to carry out a specific operation (e.g., hardwired).
  • the hardware may include configurable execution units (e.g., transistors, circuits, etc.) and a computer readable medium containing instructions where the instructions configure the execution units to carry out a specific operation when in operation. The configuring may occur under the direction of the executions units or a loading mechanism. Accordingly, the execution units are communicatively coupled to the computer- readable medium when the device is operating.
  • the execution units may be a member of more than one module.
  • the execution units may be configured by a first set of instructions to implement a first module at one point in time and reconfigured by a second set of instructions to implement a second module at a second point in time.
  • the machine 1900 may include a hardware processor 1902 (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a hardware processor core, or any combination thereof), a main memory 1904 and a static memory 1906, some or all of which may communicate with each other via an interlink (e.g., bus) 1908.
  • the machine 1900 may further include a power management device 1932, a graphics display device 1910, an alphanumeric input device 1912 (e.g., a keyboard), and a user interface (UI) navigation device 1914 (e.g., a mouse).
  • the graphics display device 1910, alphanumeric input device 1912, and UI navigation device 1914 may be a touch screen display.
  • the machine 1900 may additionally include a storage device (i.e., drive unit) 1916, a signal generation device 1918 (e.g., a speaker), a Guard Interval Device 1919, a network interface device/transceiver 1920 coupled to antenna(s) 1930, and one or more sensors 1928, such as a global positioning system (GPS) sensor, compass, accelerometer, or other sensor.
  • the machine 1900 may include an output controller 1934, such as a serial (e.g., universal serial bus (USB), parallel, or other wired or wireless (e.g., infrared (IR), near field communication (NFC), etc.) connection to communicate with or control one or more peripheral devices (e.g., a printer, card reader, etc.)).
  • a serial e.g., universal serial bus (USB), parallel, or other wired or wireless (e.g., infrared (IR), near field communication (NFC), etc.) connection to communicate with or control one or more peripheral devices (e.g., a printer,
  • the storage device 1916 may include a machine readable medium 1922 on which is stored one or more sets of data structures or instructions 1924 (e.g., software) embodying or utilized by any one or more of the techniques or functions described herein.
  • the instructions 1924 may also reside, completely or at least partially, within the main memory 1904, within the static memory 1906, or within the hardware processor 1902 during execution thereof by the machine 1900.
  • one or any combination of the hardware processor 1902, the main memory 1904, the static memory 1906, or the storage device 1916 may constitute machine-readable media.
  • the Guard Interval Device 1919 may be configured to cause to establish, by the device, one or more multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) communication channels on a network, between the device and a plurality of devices; determine, by the device, one or more guard intervals for the one or more MIMO channels; and cause to send, by the device, to one or more of the plurality of devices, the guard intervals.
  • MIMO multiple-input and multiple-output
  • machine-readable medium 1922 is illustrated as a single medium, the term “machine-readable medium” may include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers) configured to store the one or more instructions 1924.
  • machine-readable medium may include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers) configured to store the one or more instructions 1924.
  • machine-readable medium may include any medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution by the machine 1900 and that cause the machine 1900 to perform any one or more of the techniques of the present disclosure, or that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying data structures used by or associated with such instructions.
  • Non-limiting machine-readable medium examples may include solid-state memories and optical and magnetic media.
  • a massed machine-readable medium includes a machine-readable medium with a plurality of particles having resting mass.
  • massed machine-readable media may include non-volatile memory, such as semiconductor memory devices (e.g., Electrically Programmable Readonly Memory (EPROM), or Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM)) and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; and CD-ROM and DVD- ROM disks.
  • semiconductor memory devices e.g., Electrically Programmable Readonly Memory (EPROM), or Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM)
  • EPROM Electrically Programmable Read Only Memory
  • EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
  • the instructions 1924 may further be transmitted or received over a communications network 1926 using a transmission medium via the network interface device/transceiver 1920 utilizing any one of a number of transfer protocols (e.g., frame relay, internet protocol (IP), transmission control protocol (TCP), user datagram protocol (UDP), hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), etc.).
  • transfer protocols e.g., frame relay, internet protocol (IP), transmission control protocol (TCP), user datagram protocol (UDP), hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), etc.
  • Example communications networks may include a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a packet data network (e.g., the Internet), mobile telephone networks (e.g., cellular networks), Plain Old Telephone (POTS) networks, wireless data networks (e.g., Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.1 1 family of standards known as Wi-Fi®, IEEE 802.16 family of standards known as WiMax®), IEEE 802.15.4 family of standards, and peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, among others.
  • the network interface device/transceiver 1920 may include one or more physical jacks (e.g., Ethernet, coaxial, or phone jacks) or one or more antennas to connect to the communications network 1926.
  • the network interface device/transceiver 1920 may include a plurality of antennas to wirelessly communicate using at least one of single-input multiple-output (SIMO), multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), or multiple-input single-output (MISO) techniques.
  • transmission medium shall be taken to include any intangible medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution by the machine 1900 and includes digital or analog communications signals or other intangible media to facilitate communication of such software.
  • the operations and processes described and shown above may be carried out or performed in any suitable order as desired in various implementations. Additionally, in certain implementations, at least a portion of the operations may be carried out in parallel. Furthermore, in certain implementations, less than or more than the operations described may be performed.
  • the EDMG-CEF field can be followed by GI ⁇ field of size 32, GI M data field of size 480, and GI ⁇ of size 32.
  • the EDMG-CEF field can be followed by GI ⁇ field of size 64, a data field of size
  • the EDMG-CEF field can be followed by GI ⁇ s field of size 128, a data field of size 384, and Gi ns of size 128.
  • the EDMG-CEF field can be followed by GI ⁇ field of size 64, an EDMG-Header-B field of size 448, a GI ⁇ field of size 64, a data field of size 480, and GI 1 32 of size 32.
  • the EDMG-CEF field can be followed by GI ⁇ field of size 64, an EDMG-Header-B field of size 448, a GI ⁇ field of size 64, a data field of size 448, and GI ⁇ of size 64.
  • the EDMG-CEF field can be followed by GI ⁇ field of size 64, an EDMG-Header-B field of size 448, a Gi ns field of size 128, a data field of size 384, and Gi ns of size 128.
  • the EDMG-CEF field can be followed by GI ⁇ field of size 32, a data field of size 480, a Gr 32 of size 32.
  • the EDMG-CEF field can be followed by GI ⁇ field of size 64, a data field of size 448, a Gr 64 of size 64.
  • the EDMG-CEF field can be followed by GI' ⁇ s field of size 128, a data field of size 384, a Gi ns of size 128.
  • the EDMG-CEF field can be followed by Gt 64 field of size 64, an EDMG-Header-B field of size 448, a GI ⁇ field of size 64, a data field of size 480, and GI ' 32 of size 32.
  • the EDMG-CEF field can be followed by GI ⁇ field of size 64, an EDMG-Header-B field of size 448, a GI ⁇ field of size 64, a data field of size 448, and GI ⁇ of size 64.
  • the EDMG-CEF field can be followed by Gt 64 field of size 64, an EDMG-Header-B field of size 448, a Gi ns field of size 128, a data field of size 384, and Gi ns of size 128.
  • the EDMG-CEF field can be followed by GI ⁇ s field of size 128, an EDMG-Header-B field of size 448, a Gl'ne field of size 128, a data field of size 384, and Gl'ne of size 128.
  • the weight vectors for a sequence length of 32 can be [+1, +1, -1, -1, +1] for 1 stream, [-1, +1, -1, -1, +1] for 2 streams, [-1, -1, -1, -1] for 3 streams, [+1, -1, -1, -1] for 4 streams, [-1, -1, -1, -1, +1] for 5 streams, [+1, -1, -1, -1, +1] for 6 streams, [-1, -1, -1, +1, -1] for 7 streams, [+1, -1, -1, +1, -1] for 8 streams, [-1, -1, -1, +1, +1] for 9 streams, [+1, -1, -1, +1, +1] for 10 streams, [-1, -1, +1, -1, -1] for 11 streams, [+1, -1, +1, -1, -1] for 12 streams, [-1, -1,
  • the weight vectors for a sequence length of 64 can be [+1, +1, -1, -1, +1, -1] for 1 stream, [-1, +1, -1, -1, +1, -1] for 2 streams, [-1, -1, -1, -1,-1] for 3 streams, [+1, -1, -1, -1,-1] for 4 streams, [-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, +1,-1] for 5 streams, [+1, -1, -1, -1, +1,-1] for 6 streams, [-1, -1, -1, +1, -1,-1] for 7 streams, [+1, -1, -1, +1, -1,-1] for 8 streams, [- 1, -1, -1, +1, +1,-1] for 9 streams, [+1, -1, -1, +1, +1,-1] for 10 streams, [-1, -1, +1, -1,-1] for 11 streams, [
  • the weight vectors for a sequence length of 128 can be [+1, +1, -1, -1, +1, +1, +1] for 1 stream, [-1, +1, -1, -1, +1, +1, +1] for 2 streams, [-1, -1, -1, -1,- 1 +1 +1] for 3 streams, [+1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -11:00+1, +1] for 4 streams, [-1, -1, -1, -1, +1, +1, +1] for 5 streams, [+1, -1, -1, -1, +1, +1, +1] for 6 streams, [-1, -1, -1, +1, -1 +1, +1] for 7 streams, [+1, -1, -1, +1, -1 +1, +1] for 8 streams, [-1, -1, -1, +1, +1, +1] for 9 streams, [+1, -1, -1, +1, +1
  • the guard interval for a short GI length can have a value of
  • GI 32 -Ga 32 for 11 streams
  • GI 32 -Ga 32 for 12 streams
  • GI 32 -Ga 32 for 13streams
  • GI 14 3 2 -Ga 14 3 2 for 14 streams
  • GI 15 3 2 -Ga 15 3 2 for 15 streams
  • GI 16 3 2 - Ga 16 32 for 16 streams.
  • the guard interval for a long GI length can have a value of
  • the Wk vectors for a Ga64 can be [-1, -1, -1, -1, +1, -1] for 1 stream, [+1, -1, -1, +1, -1] for 2 streams, [-1, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1] for 3 streams, [+1, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1] for 4 streams, [-1, -1, -1, +1, -1, +1] for 5 streams, [+1, -1, -1, +1, -1, +1] for 6 streams, [-1, -1, -1, +1, +1, +1] for 7 streams, [+1, -1, -1, +1, +1, +1] for 8 streams, [-1, -1, +1, -1, -1, +1] for 9 streams, [+1, -1, +1, -1, -1, +1] for 10 streams, [-1, -1, +1, -1, +1, +1,
  • the Wk vectors for a Gal 28 can be [-1, -1, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1] for 1 stream, [+1, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1] for 2 streams, [-1, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1 +1] for 3 streams, [+1, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1 +1] for 4 streams, [-1, -1, -1, +1, -1, +1] for 5 streams, [+1, -1, -1, +1, -1, +1 +1] for 6 streams, [-1, -1, -1, +1, +1, +1,-1] for 7 streams, [+1, -1, -1, +1, +1, +1,- 1] for 8 streams, [-1, -1, +1, -1, -1, +1,-1] for 9 streams, [+1, -1, +1, -1, -1, -1, +1,-1] for 9 streams, [
  • the Wk vectors for a Ga256 can be [-1, -1, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1, +1] for 1 stream, [+1, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1, +1] for 2 streams, [-1, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1, +1,-1] for 3 streams, [+1, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1 +1,-1] for 4 streams, [-1, -1, -1, +1, -1, +1,-1] for 5 streams, [+1, -1, -1, +1, -1, +1 +1,-1] for 6 streams, [-1, -1, -1, +1, +1, +1,-1,-1] for 7 streams, [+1, -1, -1, +1, +1, +1,-1,-1] for 8 streams, [-1, -1, +1, -1, -1, +1,-1,-1] for 8 streams, [-1, -1, -1
  • the Wk vectors for a Ga512 can be [-1, -1, -1, +1, -1, +1, +1] for 1 stream, [+1, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1, +1, +1] for 2 streams, [-1, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1 +1,- 1 +1] for 3 streams, [+1, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1 +1,-1 +1] for 4 streams, [-1, -1, -1, +1, -1, +1,-1, +1] for 5 streams, [+1, -1, -1, +1, -1, +1 +1,-1, +1] for 6 streams, [-1, -1, -1, +1, +1, +1,-1,-1, +1] for 7 streams, [+1, -1, -1, +1, +1, +1,-1,-1, +1] for 8 streams,
  • GI 64 +Ga 64 for 11 streams
  • GI 64 +Ga 64 for 12 streams
  • GI 64 +Ga 1 64 for 13 streams
  • GI 14 64 +Ga 14 64 for 14 streams
  • GI 15 64 -Ga 15 64 for 15 streams
  • GI 16 64 -Ga 16 64 for 16 streams.
  • the guard interval for a normal GI length can have a value of
  • GI 128 +Ga 128 for 1 stream
  • GI 128 +Ga 128 for 2 streams
  • GI 128 +Ga 128 for 3 streams
  • GI 4 i28 +Ga 4 i28 for 4 streams
  • GI 5 i28 +Ga 5 i28 for 5 streams
  • GI 6 i28 +Ga 6 i28 for 6 streams
  • the guard interval for a long GI length can have a value of
  • the guard interval for a normal GI length can have a value of
  • the guard interval for a long GI length can have a value of
  • the Wk vectors for a Ga96 can be [-1, -1, -1, -1, +1] for streams 1 and 2, [-1, -1, -1, +1, -1] for streams 3 and 4, [-1, -1, +1, -1, -1] for streams 5 and 6, [-1, -1, +1, +1, -1] for streams 7 and 8, [-1, +1, -1, -1, -1] for streams 9 and 10, [-1, +1, -1, +1, -1] for streams 11 and 12, [-1, +1, +1, -1, -1] for streams 13 and 14, and [-1, +1, +1, +1, -1] for streams 15 and 16.
  • the Wk vectors for a Gal 92 can be [-1, -1, -1, -1, +1 +1] for streams 1 and 2, [-1, -1, -1, +1, -1, +1] for streams 3 and 4, [-1, -1, +1, -1, -1, +1] for streams 5 and 6, [-1, -1, +1, +1, -1, +1] for streams 7 and 8, [-1, +1, -1, -1, 1] for streams 9 and 10, [-1, +1, -1, +1, -1, 1] for streams 11 and 12, [-1, +1, +1, -1, -1, +1] for streams 13 and 14, and [-1, +1, +1, +1, -1, 1] for streams 15 and 16.
  • the Wk vectors for a Ga384 can be [-1, -1, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1] for streams 1 and 2, [-1, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1, +1] for streams 3 and 4, [-1, -1, -1, +1, -1, +1 +1] for streams 5 and 6, [-1, -1, -1, +1, +1, +1, -1] for streams 7 and 8, [-1, -1, +1, -1, -1, +1, -1] for streams 9 and 10, [-1, -1, +1, -1, +1,-1, +1] for streams 11 and 12, [-1, -1, +1, -1, +1, +1 +1] for streams 13 and 14, and [-1, -1, +1, +1, -1, +1,-1] for streams 15 and 16.
  • the guard interval for a short GI length can have a value of
  • the guard interval for a normal GI length can have a value of
  • GI 1 9 2 +Ga 1 9 2 for 1 stream
  • GI 192 +Ga 192 for 2 streams
  • G 192 +Ga mfor 3 streams
  • +Ga 4 i92 for 4 streams +Ga 5 i92 for 5 streams
  • GI 1 9 2 +Ga 1 9 2 for 7 streams
  • GI 192 +Ga 192 for 8 streams
  • GI 192 +Ga 192 for 9 streams
  • GI 10 i92 +Ga 10 i92 for 10 streams, +Ga n i 9 2 for 1 1 streams
  • GI 12 i 92 +Ga 12 i 92 for 12 streams, +Ga 1 i92 for 13 streams
  • GI 14 i92 +Ga 14 i92 for 14 streams, +Ga 15 i92 for 15 streams, and +Ga 16 i 9 2 for 16 streams.
  • the guard interval for a long GI length can have a value of
  • GI 38 4 +Ga 38 4 for 1 stream
  • GI 384 +Ga 384 for 2 streams
  • GI 384 +Ga 384 for 3 streams
  • GI 4 384 +Ga 4 384 for 4 streams
  • GI 5 384 +Ga 5 384 for 5 streams
  • GI 38 4 +Ga 38 4for 7 streams
  • GI 384 +Ga 384 for 8 streams
  • GI 384 +Ga 384 for 9 streams
  • GI 10 384 +Ga 10 384 for 10 streams
  • GI 1 38 4 +Ga 1 38 4for 13 streams
  • GI 14 38 4 +Ga 14 38 4 for 14 streams
  • GI 15 38 4 +Ga 15 38 4 for 15 streams
  • GI 16 38 4 +Ga 16 38 4 for 16 streams.
  • the device may include memory and processing circuitry configured to cause to establish one or more multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) communication channels, between the device and one or more devices; determine data to be sent to at least one of the one or more devices on a data stream; determine one or more Golay sequences; determine one or more guard intervals based on the one or more Golay sequences; cause to send to the at least one of the one or more devices, the guard intervals; and cause to send the data to the at least one of the one or more devices.
  • MIMO multiple-input and multiple-output
  • a length of the one or more guard intervals may be short, medium, or long.
  • One or more MIMO communication channels may be based on single carrier channel bonding.
  • a size of a discrete Fourier transform, a symbol block length, or a guard interval length may be based on a channel bonding factor associated with the one or more MIMO communication channels.
  • the MIMO communication channel may further comprise a (i) single user (SU) MIMO transmission, or (ii) a multi-user (MU) MIMO transmission.
  • the one or more Golay sequences may be based at least in part on one or more weight vectors.
  • the one or more guard intervals may be based at least in part on one or more delay vectors.
  • the one or more delay vectors may be based at least in part on a length of the guard intervals.
  • the device may further include a transceiver configured to transmit and receive wireless signals and an antenna coupled to the transceiver.
  • non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations.
  • the operations may include, causing to establish one or more multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) communication channels, between a device and one or more devices; determining data to transmit to at least one of the one or more devices on a data stream; determining one or more Golay sequences; determining one or more guard intervals based on the one or more Golay sequences; causing to send to the at least one of the one or more devices, the guard intervals; and causing to send the data to the at least one of the one or more devices.
  • MIMO multiple-input and multiple-output
  • a length of the one or more guard intervals may be short, medium, or long.
  • the one or more MIMO communication channels may be based on single carrier channel bonding.
  • a size of a discrete Fourier transform, a symbol block length, or a guard interval length may be based on a channel bonding factor associated with the one or more MIMO communication channels.
  • the MIMO communication channel may further comprise a (i) single user (SU) MIMO transmission, or (ii) a multi-user (MU) MIMO transmission.
  • the one or more Golay sequences may be based at least in part on one or more weight vectors.
  • the one or more guard intervals may be based at least in part on one or more delay vectors.
  • the one or more delay vectors may be based at least in part on a length of the guard intervals.
  • the method may include establishing, by one or more processors, one or more multiple-input and multiple- output (MIMO) communication channels between a device and one or more devices; determining, by the one or more processors, data to transmit to at least one of the one or more devices on a data stream; determining, by the one or more processors, one or more Golay sequences; determining, by the one or more processors, one or more guard intervals based at least in part on the one or more Golay sequences; sending, by the one or more processors, to the at least one of the one or more devices, the guard intervals; and sending, by the one or more processors, the data to the at least one of the one or more devices.
  • MIMO multiple-input and multiple- output
  • a length of the one or more guard intervals may be short, medium, or long.
  • a size of a discrete Fourier transform, a symbol block length, or a guard interval length may be based on a channel bonding factor associated with the one or more MIMO communication channels.
  • the one or more MIMO communication channels may be based on single carrier channel bonding.
  • the MIMO communication channel may further comprise a (i) single user (SU) MIMO transmission, or (ii) a multi-user (MU) MIMO transmission.
  • the one or more Golay sequences may be based at least in part on one or more weight vectors.
  • the one or more guard intervals may be based at least in part on one or more delay vectors.
  • the one or more delay vectors may be based at least in part on a length of the guard intervals.
  • the apparatus may comprise means for causing to establish one or more multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) communication channels, between a device and one or more devices; means for determining data to transmit to at least one of the one or more devices on a data stream; means for determining one or more Golay sequences; means for determining one or more guard intervals based on the one or more Golay sequences; means for causing to send to the at least one of the one or more devices, the guard intervals; and means for causing to send the data to the at least one of the one or more devices.
  • MIMO multiple-input and multiple-output
  • the implementation may include one or more of the following features.
  • a length of the one or more guard intervals may be short, medium, or long.
  • the one or more MIMO communication channels may be based on single carrier channel bonding.
  • a size of a discrete Fourier transform, a symbol block length, or a guard interval length may be based on a channel bonding factor associated with the one or more MIMO communication channels.
  • the MIMO communication channel may further comprise a (i) single user (SU) MIMO transmission, or (ii) a multi-user (MU) MIMO transmission.
  • the one or more Golay sequences may be based at least in part on one or more weight vectors.
  • the one or more guard intervals may be based at least in part on one or more delay vectors.
  • the one or more delay vectors may be based at least in part on a length of the guard intervals.
  • computing device refers to a wireless communication device such as a cellular telephone, smartphone, tablet, netbook, wireless terminal, laptop computer, a femtocell, High Data Rate (HDR) subscriber station, access point, printer, point of sale device, access terminal, or other personal communication system (PCS) device.
  • the device may be either mobile or stationary.
  • the term "communicate” is intended to include transmitting, or receiving, or both transmitting and receiving. This may be particularly useful in claims when describing the organization of data that is being transmitted by one device and received by another, but only the functionality of one of those devices is required to infringe the claim. Similarly, the bidirectional exchange of data between two devices (both devices transmit and receive during the exchange) may be described as 'communicating', when only the functionality of one of those devices is being claimed.
  • the term "communicating" as used herein with respect to a wireless communication signal includes transmitting the wireless communication signal and/or receiving the wireless communication signal.
  • a wireless communication unit which is capable of communicating a wireless communication signal, may include a wireless transmitter to transmit the wireless communication signal to at least one other wireless communication unit, and/or a wireless communication receiver to receive the wireless communication signal from at least one other wireless communication unit.
  • the term "access point" (AP) as used herein may be a fixed station.
  • An access point may also be referred to as an access node, a base station, or some other similar terminology known in the art.
  • An access terminal may also be called a mobile station, user equipment (UE), a wireless communication device, or some other similar terminology known in the art.
  • Embodiments disclosed herein generally pertain to wireless networks. Some embodiments can relate to wireless networks that operate in accordance with one of the IEEE 802.11 standards.
  • Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with various devices and systems, for example, a Personal Computer (PC), a desktop computer, a mobile computer, a laptop computer, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a server computer, a handheld computer, a handheld device, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) device, a handheld PDA device, an onboard device, an off-board device, a hybrid device, a vehicular device, a non-vehicular device, a mobile or portable device, a consumer device, a non-mobile or non-portable device, a wireless communication station, a wireless communication device, a wireless Access Point (AP), a wired or wireless router, a wired or wireless modem, a video device, an audio device, an audio-video (A/V) device, a wired or wireless network, a wireless area network, a Wireless Video Area Network (WVAN), a Local Area Network (LAN), a Wireless LAN (WLAN), a Personal Area Network (PAN), a Wireless PAN
  • Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one way and/or two-way radio communication systems, cellular radio-telephone communication systems, a mobile phone, a cellular telephone, a wireless telephone, a Personal Communication Systems (PCS) device, a PDA device which incorporates a wireless communication device, a mobile or portable Global Positioning System (GPS) device, a device which incorporates a GPS receiver or transceiver or chip, a device which incorporates an RFID element or chip, a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) transceiver or device, a Single Input Multiple Output (SIMO) transceiver or device, a Multiple Input Single Output (MISO) transceiver or device, a device having one or more internal antennas and/or external antennas, Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) devices or systems, multi-standard radio devices or systems, a wired or wireless handheld device, e.g., a Smartphone, a Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) device, or the like.
  • WAP Wireless Application Protocol
  • Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one or more types of wireless communication signals and/or systems following one or more wireless communication protocols, for example, Radio Frequency (RF), Infra Red (IR), Frequency- Division Multiplexing (FDM), Orthogonal FDM (OFDM), Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM), Time-Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Extended TDMA (E-TDMA), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), extended GPRS, Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Wideband CDMA (WCDMA), CDMA 2000, single-carrier CDMA, multi-carrier CDMA, Multi-Carrier Modulation (MDM), Discrete Multi-Tone (DMT), Bluetooth®, Global Positioning System (GPS), Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, ZigBeeTM, Ultra-Wideband (UWB), Global System for Mobile communication (GSM), 2G, 2.5G, 3G, 3.5G, 4G, Fifth Generation (5G) mobile networks, 3GPP, Long Term Evolution (S
  • These computer-executable program instructions may be loaded onto a special- purpose computer or other particular machine, a processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a particular machine, such that the instructions that execute on the computer, processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus create means for implementing one or more functions specified in the flow diagram block or blocks.
  • These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage media or memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage media produce an article of manufacture including instruction means that implement one or more functions specified in the flow diagram block or blocks.
  • certain implementations may provide for a computer program product, comprising a computer- readable storage medium having a computer-readable program code or program instructions implemented therein, said computer-readable program code adapted to be executed to implement one or more functions specified in the flow diagram block or blocks.
  • the computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational elements or steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer-implemented process such that the instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide elements or steps for implementing the functions specified in the flow diagram block or blocks.
  • blocks of the block diagrams and flow diagrams support combinations of means for performing the specified functions, combinations of elements or steps for performing the specified functions and program instruction means for performing the specified functions. It will also be understood that each block of the block diagrams and flow diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and flow diagrams, can be implemented by special-purpose, hardware-based computer systems that perform the specified functions, elements or steps, or combinations of special-purpose hardware and computer instructions.
  • Conditional language such as, among others, “can,” “could,” “might,” or “may,” unless specifically stated otherwise, or otherwise understood within the context as used, is generally intended to convey that certain implementations could include, while other implementations do not include, certain features, elements, and/or operations. Thus, such conditional language is not generally intended to imply that features, elements, and/or operations are in any way required for one or more implementations or that one or more implementations necessarily include logic for deciding, with or without user input or prompting, whether these features, elements, and/or operations are included or are to be performed in any particular implementation.
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