WO2018047483A1 - Rotary electric machine and non-contact generator - Google Patents

Rotary electric machine and non-contact generator Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018047483A1
WO2018047483A1 PCT/JP2017/026532 JP2017026532W WO2018047483A1 WO 2018047483 A1 WO2018047483 A1 WO 2018047483A1 JP 2017026532 W JP2017026532 W JP 2017026532W WO 2018047483 A1 WO2018047483 A1 WO 2018047483A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rotating
driving force
moving body
permanent magnet
energy
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Application number
PCT/JP2017/026532
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
ミヒャエル フランクル
アルダ トウスズ
ヨハン、 ベー コラー
裕介 塚田
中村　和人
Original Assignee
ナブテスコ株式会社
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Publication of WO2018047483A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018047483A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K49/00—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes
    • H02K49/02—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes of the asynchronous induction type

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a rotating electrical machine that rotates in a non-contact manner and a non-contact generator that generates power in a non-contact manner.
  • US Patent Publication No. 2014/0132155 discloses a dynamo for a bicycle that generates power without contact.
  • the outer peripheral surface of an annular permanent magnet that rotates around a rotation axis extending in a direction orthogonal to the rotation axis of the bicycle wheel is separated from one side surface that is continuous with the outer peripheral surface of the wheel. It is arranged.
  • a permanent magnet has a plurality of magnetic poles arranged in the circumferential direction, and the magnetization directions of the adjacent magnetic poles are reversed. For example, when the wheel rotates with the N pole of the permanent magnet opposed to one side of the wheel, an eddy current is generated on one side of the wheel in a direction that prevents a change in magnetic flux from the permanent magnet.
  • the permanent magnet rotates in the rotation direction of the wheel by the repulsive force and the attractive force of the magnetic flux caused by the eddy current and the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet.
  • the induction power can be taken out from the coil.
  • a single-phase coil is wound around a permanent magnet.
  • a single-phase coil cannot effectively use the magnetic flux of a portion of the permanent magnet where the coil is not wound. Can not be increased.
  • the direction of the polarity of the permanent magnet around the coil is symmetric about the rotation axis, the total amount of magnetic flux that interlinks the coil always cancels out. .
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a rotating electrical machine and a non-contact power generator that have good magnetic efficiency, little leakage of magnetic flux, and have taken measures against cogging torque. It is.
  • the moving body which is a rotating or moving conductor, is disposed oppositely on one main surface of the moving body, and is generated according to the rotation or moving direction of the moving body.
  • a rotating body having a permanent magnet that rotates about a predetermined rotation axis by Lorentz force There is provided a rotating electrical machine including an initial driving force applying unit that applies an initial rotational driving force to the rotating body when the moving body starts rotating or moving while the rotating body is stopped.
  • the initial rotational driving force is a force that opposes cogging torque generated in the permanent magnet due to a relative shape and positional relationship between the movable body and the permanent magnet.
  • the initial driving force applying unit may apply the initial rotational driving force using the electrical energy stored in the capacitor.
  • a power generation unit that converts kinetic energy generated by rotation of the rotating body into electrical energy;
  • the capacitor may store at least a part of the electric energy converted by the power generation unit.
  • the electric energy stored in the capacitor is discharged and supplied to the initial driving force applying unit, and the rotating body rotates.
  • the electric power generation unit and the initial driving force application unit may be a motor generator combined device configured integrally.
  • the initial driving force applying unit may apply the initial rotational driving force to the rotating body using at least one of an electric force and a magnetic force.
  • the initial driving force application unit may apply the initial rotational driving force to the rotating body using at least one of fluid energy, mechanical energy, and potential energy.
  • the rotating body has the first repulsive force and the attractive force acting on the permanent magnet based on an eddy current generated in a direction that prevents a change in magnetic flux from the permanent magnet on the one main surface of the moving body. You may rotate around a rotation axis.
  • a rotating body that is a rotating or moving conductor is disposed on one main surface of the moving body so as to be separated from the main surface, and a predetermined rotation is generated by a Lorentz force generated according to the rotation or moving direction of the moving body.
  • a rotating body having a permanent magnet that rotates about an axis;
  • a power generation unit that converts kinetic energy generated by rotation of the rotating body into electrical energy;
  • a non-contact generator including an initial driving force applying unit that applies an initial rotational driving force to the rotating body when the rotating body is rotating or stopped while the moving body is rotating.
  • the block diagram which shows schematic structure of the rotary electric machine by the 1st Embodiment of this invention The front view of a moving body and a rotary body.
  • FIG. 8 is a more detailed block diagram of the rotating electrical machine of FIG. 7.
  • the block diagram which shows schematic structure of the rotary electric machine which converts rotational energy into elastic energy and accumulate
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a rotating electrical machine 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the rotating electrical machine 1 in FIG. 1 includes a rotating body 11 and an initial driving force applying unit 12.
  • Rotating body 11 is disposed oppositely on one main surface of moving body 5 which is a rotating or moving conductor.
  • the rotating body 11 includes a permanent magnet 2 that rotates around a predetermined rotation axis by a Lorentz force generated according to the rotation or moving direction of the moving body 5.
  • the permanent magnet 2 has a plurality of magnetic poles arranged circumferentially. The number of magnetic poles of the permanent magnet 2 is an arbitrary number of 2 or more.
  • the initial driving force applying unit 12 applies an initial rotational driving force to the rotating body 11 when the rotating body 11 is stopped while the moving body 5 is rotating or moving.
  • the initial rotational driving force is a force that opposes the cogging torque generated in the permanent magnet 2 due to the relative shape and positional relationship between the moving body 5 and the permanent magnet 2.
  • the cogging torque is generated due to non-uniformity of the attractive force between the moving body 5 and the permanent magnet 2 of the rotating body 11. That is, since the permanent magnet 2 of the rotating body 11 has a plurality of magnetic poles in the circumferential direction, the attractive force on the moving body 5 varies depending on the rotation angle and rotation position of the rotating body 11, and this causes cogging torque. Will occur.
  • the rotating body 11 When the cogging torque is generated, the rotating body 11 hardly rotates even if the moving body 5 moves or rotates. Therefore, by applying the initial rotational driving force to the rotating body 11 by the initial driving force applying unit 12, the rotating body 11 can be rotated overcoming the cogging torque.
  • FIG. 2 to 4 are diagrams for explaining the principle of rotation of the rotating body 11 by the movement or rotation of the moving body 5.
  • FIG. FIG. 2 is a front view of the moving body 5 and the rotating body 11, and
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the magnetic pole arrangement and the magnetization direction of the permanent magnet 2 of the rotating body 11.
  • the rotating body 11 is arranged away from the moving body 5 and rotates around the rotating shaft 2 a.
  • the rotating body 11 may rotate only in one direction around the rotation axis 2a, or may rotate in both directions.
  • the rotating shaft 2a of the permanent magnet 2 and the rotating shaft 5a of the moving body 5 are arranged in parallel, and at least a part of one side surface 2d connected to the outer peripheral surface 2c of the permanent magnet 2 is
  • the movable body 5 is disposed so as to face one side surface 5c that is continuous with the outer peripheral surface 5b. More specifically, two or more magnetic poles 2 b among the plurality of magnetic poles 2 b included in the permanent magnet 2 are disposed to face one side surface 5 c of the moving body 5. Thereby, as will be described later, the amount of magnetic coupling between the permanent magnet 2 and the moving body 5 can be increased, and the eddy current generated on the one side surface 5c of the moving body 5 can be increased.
  • the moving body 5 is, for example, a vehicle wheel or a wheel.
  • the moving body 5 generates an eddy current on the one side surface 5 c arranged to face the permanent magnet 2.
  • at least one side surface 5c of the moving body 5 needs to be formed of a conductive material such as metal.
  • an eddy current is generated on one side surface 5c of the moving body 5 by the magnetic flux from each magnetic pole 2b of the permanent magnet 2. Therefore, the distance between the one side surface 2 d of the permanent magnet 2 and the one side surface 5 c of the moving body 5 is limited to a range in which the magnetic flux from each magnetic pole 2 b of the permanent magnet 2 can reach the moving body 5.
  • Each magnetic pole 2b of the permanent magnet 2 is magnetized in a direction toward one side 2d of the opposing permanent magnet 2 or in the opposite direction. Further, the magnetization directions of the adjacent magnetic poles 2b of the permanent magnet 2 are opposite to each other. In FIG. 3, the magnetization direction of each magnetic pole 2b of the permanent magnet 2 is indicated by an arrow. As shown in FIG. 3, N poles and S poles are alternately arranged on one side surface 2 d of the permanent magnet 2 in a circumferential shape. Further, the side surface 2e opposite to the one side surface 2d facing the moving body 5 of the permanent magnet 2 has a polarity opposite to that of the one side surface.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the principle of rotation of the permanent magnet 2 by eddy currents 6a and 6b generated on one side surface 5c of the moving body 5.
  • FIG. 4 Of the plurality of magnetic poles 2b arranged circumferentially on one side surface 2d of the permanent magnet 2, the magnetic flux from the magnetic pole 2b arranged to face the one side surface 5c of the moving body 5 propagates in the direction of the one side surface 5c of the moving body 5. .
  • An air gap is formed between one side surface 2d of the permanent magnet 2 and one side surface 5c of the moving body 5, and the magnetic pole 2b from the permanent magnet 2 propagates through the air gap.
  • the magnetic flux from the edge e1 at the front of the N pole in the rotational direction is generated at the side surface 5c portion of the moving body 5.
  • the direction of the eddy current 6a is different from the direction of the eddy current 6b generated at the one side surface 5c portion of the moving body 5 where the magnetic flux from the edge e2 behind the rotation direction of the N pole arrives.
  • the eddy current 6b generated by the magnetic flux from the edge e2 at the rear of the N pole in the rotation direction flows in a direction to generate a magnetic flux in the opposite direction to the magnetic flux from the N pole.
  • the eddy current 6a generated at the one side surface 5c portion of the moving body 5 to which the magnetic flux from the edge e1 in the rotation direction of the N pole arrives flows in a direction in which the magnetic flux in the same direction as the magnetic flux from the N pole is generated. Any of the eddy currents 6a and 6b flows in a direction that prevents a change in magnetic flux from the permanent magnet 2 accompanying the rotation of the moving body 5.
  • the above-described relationship between the permanent magnet 2 and the eddy currents 6a and 6b always holds. Thereby, the permanent magnet 2 rotates at a surface speed slower than the surface speed of the one side surface 5c of the opposed moving body 5 so as to follow the moving surface of the one side surface 5c of the facing moving body 5.
  • the rotating body 11 may rotate at a higher rotational speed than the moving body 5.
  • the initial driving force application unit 12 stops applying the initial rotational driving force to the rotating body 11, and then the moving of the rotating body 11 in a state where the rotating body 11 rotates stably.
  • the surface speed of the one side surface 2d arranged to face the body 5 is slower than the surface speed of the one main surface 5c of the moving body 5 arranged to face the body 5.
  • the coil 3 is disposed to face the side surface 2 e opposite to the side surface 2 d facing the moving body 5 of the permanent magnet 2.
  • An air gap is provided between the coil 3 and the side surface 2 e of the opposing permanent magnet 2.
  • the coil 3 is fixed, and the magnetic flux from the rotating permanent magnet 2 links the coil 3. Since the polarities of the plurality of magnetic poles 2b arranged around the permanent magnet 2 change alternately, the magnetic flux interlinking the coil 3 is an alternating magnetic flux whose direction changes periodically. Therefore, an induced current is generated in the coil 3 in a direction that prevents a change in the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet 2, and by extracting this induced current, an induced power composed of alternating current can be generated.
  • the kinetic energy of the moving body 5 can be converted into electric energy.
  • the coil functions as a generator.
  • the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet 2 propagates through the air and returns to the permanent magnet 2 after interlinking the coil 3 as indicated by arrows y1 and y2 in FIG.
  • the path through which the magnetic flux passes is called a magnetic path.
  • the magnetic resistance in the air is large, so that the magnetic flux density passing through the coil 3 is small, and as a result, the induced current is also small.
  • leakage of the magnetic flux occurs while the magnetic flux is propagating in the air, or the magnetic path is changed by the influence of the surrounding conductive material or magnetic material. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2, it is desirable to provide the yoke 4 in the magnetic path through which the magnetic flux linked to the coil 3 passes.
  • the yoke 4 is formed of a material having high magnetic permeability such as iron.
  • the yoke 4 is arranged in close contact with the surface of the coil 3 opposite to the surface facing the permanent magnet 2, thereby connecting the coil 3 to the linkage.
  • the magnetic flux thus guided can be guided to the yoke 4 without leakage and returned to the permanent magnet 2 through the yoke 4. Thereby, leakage of magnetic flux can be prevented and magnetic efficiency can be increased.
  • the coil 3 and the yoke 4 are not essential components. Even if the rotating electrical machine 1 does not have a power generation function, if the rotating body 11 and the initial driving force applying unit 12 shown in FIG. 1 are provided, the effect of the present embodiment that the rotating body 11 is rapidly rotated can be obtained. Can do.
  • the rotating body 11 when the moving body 5 moves or rotates, an eddy current is generated on the surface of the moving body 5, and the rotating body 11 is caused by an attractive force and a repulsive force between the magnetic flux generated by the eddy current and the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 2. Generates a force that rotates in the same rotational direction as the moving body 5. Therefore, the rotating body 11 starts rotating when the moving body 5 starts moving or rotating. Further, as the moving speed or rotating speed of the moving body 5 increases, the force for rotating the rotating body 11 also increases.
  • cogging torque is generated by the relative shape and positional relationship between the moving body 5 and the permanent magnet 2 of the rotating body 11, and the magnitude of the cogging torque changes depending on the rotation stop position of the rotating body 11. .
  • a rotational driving force sufficient to overcome the cogging torque at that position is required to start the rotation of the rotating body 11 thereafter.
  • the initial driving force applying unit 12 shown in FIG. 1 applies this rotational driving force.
  • the initial driving force applying unit 12 applies an initial rotational driving force to the rotating body 11 so that the rotation of the rotating body 11 can be resumed even when the rotating body 11 stops rotating at a position where the cogging torque is maximum.
  • the initial driving force applying unit 12 has an assist function for promoting the rotation of the rotating body 11.
  • the rotating body 11 By applying an initial rotational driving force to the rotating body 11, the rotating body 11 is easily rotated, and when the moving body 5 starts to move or rotate, the rotating body 11 starts to rotate immediately.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of the rotating electrical machine 1 when the moving body 5 moves in one direction instead of rotating.
  • One main surface 8a of the moving body 5 and one side surface 2d of the permanent magnet 2 are spaced apart.
  • the moving body 5 moves, for example, in the direction of the arrow in FIG. Alternatively, the moving body 5 may move in both directions of the direction of the arrow and the opposite direction.
  • At least one main surface 8a of the moving body 5 is formed of a conductive material that generates eddy current.
  • the operation principle in the case of FIG. 5 is the same as that of FIG.
  • An eddy current is generated on one main surface 8a of the moving body 5 arranged to face the one side surface 2d of the permanent magnet 2 in a direction that prevents the change in magnetic flux from the permanent magnet 2. Due to the interaction (repulsive force and attractive force) between the magnetic flux generated by the eddy current and the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet 2, the permanent magnet 2 rotates in a direction corresponding to the moving direction of the moving body 5.
  • the moving body 5 may move relative to the permanent magnet 2 as well as when the moving body 5 itself moves.
  • the moving body 5 is a rail on which a train travels, and a train including a rotatable permanent magnet 2, a fixed coil 3 and a yoke 4 is traveled on the rail, and the permanent magnet 2 is placed on one side of the rail.
  • the present embodiment can also be applied to the case where the one side surface 2d is disposed to face each other.
  • the moving body 5 may move relative to the permanent magnet 2.
  • the initial driving force applying unit 12 applies the initial rotational driving force to the rotating body 11 using, for example, at least one of an electric force and a magnetic force.
  • a typical example of generating electric force and magnetic force is a motor.
  • the rotational driving force of the motor can be directly used for driving the rotating body 11.
  • the rotating body 11 can be easily rotated by applying the initial driving force to the rotating body 11. it can. Therefore, when the moving body 5 starts to move or rotate, that is, even while the moving speed or the rotating speed of the moving body 5 is low, the rotating body 11 starts rotating, and the movement of the moving body 5 Energy can be efficiently converted into rotational energy of the rotating body 11.
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a non-contact generator 10 provided with the rotating electrical machine 1 according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the non-contact power generator 10 according to the second embodiment includes a motor generator combined device 13 connected to the rotating shaft 2 a of the permanent magnet 2 of the rotating body 11, a capacitor 14, instead of omitting the coil 3 of FIG. 2.
  • the drive control unit 15 is provided.
  • the permanent magnet 2 of the rotating body 11 is joined to a yoke (not shown) arranged at the shaft end of the rotating shaft 2a.
  • the rotating body 11, the yoke, and the rotating shaft 2a are integrally rotatable.
  • the motor generator combined device 13 is a device that combines a motor that generates a driving force for rotating the rotating shaft 2a and a generator that converts the rotational energy of the rotating shaft 2a into electric energy.
  • the internal configuration of the motor generator combined device 13 is not limited, and includes, for example, a rotor and a stator (not shown) that rotate together with the rotating shaft 2a, and a coil wound around the stator.
  • the motor generator combined device 13 When operating the motor generator combined device 13 as a motor, the rotor is rotated to rotate the rotating shaft 2a.
  • the motor generator combined device 13 When the motor generator combined device 13 is operated as a generator, the induced electromotive force generated by the coil wound around the stator is stored in the capacitor 14.
  • the kinetic energy of the moving body 5 is converted into electric energy by the motor generator combined device 13, and this electric energy is stored in the capacitor 14.
  • the driving power source when the motor generator combined device 13 is operated as a motor is electrical energy stored in the capacitor 14.
  • the motor generator combined device 13 has the function of the initial driving force applying unit 12 of FIG. Specifically, the operation of the initial driving force applying unit 12 is performed by operating the motor generator combined device 13 as a motor.
  • the drive control unit 15 discharges the electric energy stored in the capacitor 14 and supplies it to the motor generator combined device 13 for rotation. After the body 11 starts rotating, control is performed to charge the battery 14 with the electrical energy converted by the motor generator combined device 13. Further, the drive control unit 15 controls the motor generator / device 13 to drive the load 16.
  • FIG. 6 shows an example in which the kinetic energy of the mobile body 5 is converted into electrical energy and stored in the battery 14.
  • the electrical energy stored in the battery 14 is the electrical energy converted from the kinetic energy of the mobile body 5. Irrelevant electrical energy may be used.
  • the battery 14 may be a battery stored in advance, or may be stored by converting natural energy such as sunlight or wind power into electric energy, or regenerative energy of a vehicle or the like is converted into electric energy. May be stored.
  • the motor generator combined device 13 drives the motor generator combined device 13 using the electrical energy stored in the capacitor 14 to give the rotating body 11 an initial driving force.
  • the dedicated initial driving force applying unit 12 is separately provided.
  • the configuration can be simplified. It is also possible to convert the kinetic energy of the moving body 5 into electrical energy, store it in the battery 14, and use the stored power to apply an initial rotational driving force to the rotating body 11 that has stopped rotating. As a result, an initial rotational driving force can be applied to the rotator 11 without using an external power supply, and the rotator 11 is not affected by cogging torque even in an environment where it is difficult to secure the external power supply. Can be quickly rotated.
  • energy other than electrical energy is accumulated, and the initial driving force is applied to the rotating body 11 using the accumulated energy.
  • the energy other than electric energy is fluid energy, mechanical energy such as elastic energy, and potential energy.
  • fluid energy, mechanical energy, or potential energy is accumulated, and an initial driving force is applied to the rotating body 11 using the accumulated energy.
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of the rotating electrical machine 1 according to the third embodiment.
  • the rotating electrical machine 1 in FIG. 7 accumulates a fluid energy converter 21 that converts rotational energy of the rotating body 11 according to kinetic energy due to movement of the moving body 5 into fluid energy, and a pressure that corresponds to the converted fluid energy.
  • a pressure accumulator 22, an energy transmission switching unit 23 that switches whether or not to transmit the rotational energy of the rotating body 11 according to the kinetic energy due to the movement of the moving body 5 to the fluid energy converter 21, and a drive control unit 24 are provided. ing.
  • the fluid energy converter 21 converts the rotational energy of the rotating body 11 into energy of various fluids made of gas or liquid. More specifically, the fluid energy converter 21 converts the rotational energy of the rotating body 11 into fluid energy such as wind pressure, vapor pressure, water pressure, and hydraulic pressure.
  • the fluid energy converter 21 has a compressor when the fluid is a gas, and has a pump when the fluid is a liquid such as water.
  • the pressure accumulator 22 is an accumulator that accumulates fluid pressure. The larger the fluid energy converted by the fluid energy converter 21, the higher the pressure of the fluid stored in the pressure accumulator 22.
  • the accumulator 22 is provided with a valve as will be described later, and the pressure of the fluid accumulated in the accumulator 22 is held by closing the valve.
  • the energy transfer switch 23 releases the output of the fluid energy converter 21 or physically disconnects the rotating body 11 when the pressure accumulator 22 reaches the maximum pressure and cannot accumulate pressure any more.
  • the released fluid energy is used, for example, to drive the load 16.
  • the drive control unit 24 controls the rotational energy of the rotating body 11 to be converted into fluid energy by the fluid energy converter 21 and accumulates the pressure corresponding to the converted fluid energy in the pressure accumulator 22. Further, the drive control unit 24 uses the pressure accumulated in the pressure accumulator 22 to apply an initial driving force to the rotating body 11 when the moving body 5 starts rotating or moving while the rotating body 11 stops rotating. Give.
  • FIG. 8 is a more detailed block diagram of the rotating electrical machine 1 of FIG. 7 and shows an example in which the fluid is a gas.
  • the rotating electrical machine 1 of FIG. 8 includes a clutch 25 corresponding to the energy transfer switching unit 23, a compressor 26 corresponding to the fluid energy converter 21, a storage pressure release control unit 27 corresponding to the drive control unit 24, and a compressor.
  • the first valve 28 that opens and closes the gas between the compressor 26 and the pressure accumulator 22 and the second valve 29 that opens and closes the gas between the compressor 26 and the accumulator / release pressure control unit 27 are provided.
  • the first valve 28 When accumulating pressure in the pressure accumulator 22, the first valve 28 is closed to open, the second valve 29 is closed, and the clutch 25 is turned on, as in the start-up. Thereby, the compressor 26 compresses gas according to the rotational energy of the rotating body 11, and the pressure accumulator 22 performs pressure accumulation processing by the compressed atmospheric pressure.
  • the first valve 28 is closed, the second valve 29 is opened, and the clutch 25 is turned on.
  • the first valve 28 is closed, the second valve 29 is opened or closed, and the clutch 25 is turned off.
  • the first valve 28 is closed, and the energy accumulated in the pressure accumulator 22 is held. Further, the second valve 29 is opened to release the gas compressed by the compressor 26 and released into the atmosphere. In this state, since the pressure accumulator 22 does not perform pressure accumulation processing, only the mechanical loss due to the rotation of the compressor 26 and the loss due to the fluid flowing in the piping are caused, and the energy from the rotating body 11 is supplied to the load. In this case, it is advantageous to turn off the clutch 25 because the loss of the compressor 26 is eliminated.
  • a three-way valve in which the functions of the first valve 28 and the second valve 29 are combined may be provided.
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of the rotating electrical machine 1 that converts the rotational energy of the rotating body 11 corresponding to the kinetic energy generated by the movement of the moving body 5 into elastic energy and stores it.
  • the rotating electrical machine 1 in FIG. 9 converts the rotational energy of the rotating body 11 into elastic energy and stores it, and the rotational energy of the rotating body 11 according to the kinetic energy due to the movement of the moving body 5 as the elastic energy.
  • An energy transmission switching unit 32 that switches whether to transmit to the accumulator 31 and a drive control unit 33 are provided.
  • the elastic energy storage 31 can be constituted by a mainspring spring, for example. Further, by combining the ball screw and an elastic member such as a spring or rubber, the rotation direction of the rotating body 11 can be converted into a linear direction, and the elastic member can be expanded and contracted. By providing a mechanism that locks the elastic member in an expanded / contracted state, the elastic energy of the elastic member can be retained.
  • the drive control unit 33 applies an initial driving force to the rotating body 11 using the elastic energy accumulated in the elastic energy accumulator 31 when the rotating body 11 is started.
  • FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of the rotating electrical machine 1 that converts the rotational energy of the rotating body 11 corresponding to the kinetic energy due to the movement of the moving body 5 into potential energy and accumulates it.
  • the rotating electrical machine 1 of FIG. 10 converts the rotational energy of the rotating body 11 into potential energy and stores it, and the rotational energy of the rotating body 11 corresponding to the kinetic energy due to the movement of the moving body 5.
  • An energy transmission switching unit 42 that switches whether to transmit to the accumulator 41 and a drive control unit 43 are provided.
  • the potential energy storage 41 can be configured using a pulley and a weight as a simple configuration.
  • the rotating shaft 2a of the pulley is rotated in synchronization with the rotating shaft 2a of the rotating body 11.
  • the weight is lifted, and the potential energy due to the lifting of the weight is accumulated in the potential energy accumulation unit.
  • an initial driving force can be applied to the rotating body 11 using potential energy.
  • the rotational energy of the rotating body 11 corresponding to the kinetic energy due to the movement of the moving body 5 is accumulated in the form of energy other than electric energy, and the accumulated energy is used as a power source.
  • the initial driving force is applied to the rotating body 11.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
  • Dynamo-Electric Clutches, Dynamo-Electric Brakes (AREA)

Abstract

To provide a rotary electric machine and a non-contact generator which have good magnetic efficiency, little magnetic flux leakage and in which a countermeasure against cogging torque has been implemented. A rotary electric machine 1 is provided with: a rotary body 11 having a permanent magnet that rotates on a predetermined rotation axis due to a Lorentz force generated according to the rotation or movement direction of a moving body, said rotary body being arranged opposing the moving body in a separated manner above a main surface of the same, said moving body being a conductor that rotates or moves; and an initial drive force provision part 12 which, if the moving body starts to rotate or move when the rotary body is not rotating, provides an initial rotary drive force to the rotary body.

Description

回転電機および非接触発電機Rotating electric machine and non-contact generator
　本発明は、非接触で回転する回転電機と、非接触で発電する非接触発電機とに関する。 The present invention relates to a rotating electrical machine that rotates in a non-contact manner and a non-contact generator that generates power in a non-contact manner.
　米国特許公開公報２０１４／０１３２１５５号には、非接触で発電する自転車用ダイナモが開示されている。上述した公知文献の自転車用ダイナモは、自転車のホイールの回転軸と直交する方向に延びる回転軸周りに回転する円環状の永久磁石の外周面を、ホイールの外周面に連なる一側面から離隔して配置している。 US Patent Publication No. 2014/0132155 discloses a dynamo for a bicycle that generates power without contact. In the bicycle dynamo of the above-mentioned known document, the outer peripheral surface of an annular permanent magnet that rotates around a rotation axis extending in a direction orthogonal to the rotation axis of the bicycle wheel is separated from one side surface that is continuous with the outer peripheral surface of the wheel. It is arranged.
　永久磁石は、複数の磁極を周方向に並べて配置したものであり、隣接する磁極では、磁化方向が逆になっている。例えば、永久磁石のＮ極がホイールの一側面に対向配置された状態でホイールが回転すると、永久磁石からの磁束の変化を妨げる方向に、ホイールの一側面に渦電流が発生する。この渦電流による磁束と永久磁石からの磁束との反発力および誘引力により、永久磁石は、ホイールの回転方向に回転する。 A permanent magnet has a plurality of magnetic poles arranged in the circumferential direction, and the magnetization directions of the adjacent magnetic poles are reversed. For example, when the wheel rotates with the N pole of the permanent magnet opposed to one side of the wheel, an eddy current is generated on one side of the wheel in a direction that prevents a change in magnetic flux from the permanent magnet. The permanent magnet rotates in the rotation direction of the wheel by the repulsive force and the attractive force of the magnetic flux caused by the eddy current and the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet.
　よって、永久磁石の周囲をコイルで巻回して、永久磁石からの磁束がコイルを鎖交するようにすれば、コイルから誘導電力を取り出すことができる。 Therefore, if the periphery of the permanent magnet is wound with a coil and the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet is linked to the coil, the induction power can be taken out from the coil.
　１．ホイールの一側面に対向配置される永久磁石の面積が限られているため、ホイールと永久磁石との磁気結合量を大きくできない。よって、ホイールに発生する渦電流が小さくなり、永久磁石の回転力も弱くなる。 1. Since the area of the permanent magnet disposed opposite to one side of the wheel is limited, the amount of magnetic coupling between the wheel and the permanent magnet cannot be increased. Therefore, the eddy current generated in the wheel is reduced and the rotational force of the permanent magnet is also reduced.
　２．上述した公知文献では、永久磁石に単一相のコイルを巻回しているが、単一相のコイルでは、コイルが巻回していない部分の永久磁石の磁束を有効利用できないため、鎖交磁束量を増やすことはできない。また、コイルが巻回している部分の永久磁石の極性の向きが、回転軸を中心に対称である場合、常にコイルを鎖交する磁束の総量が打ち消し合ってしまうため、発電できないという問題がある。 2. In the above-mentioned known literature, a single-phase coil is wound around a permanent magnet. However, a single-phase coil cannot effectively use the magnetic flux of a portion of the permanent magnet where the coil is not wound. Can not be increased. In addition, when the direction of the polarity of the permanent magnet around the coil is symmetric about the rotation axis, the total amount of magnetic flux that interlinks the coil always cancels out. .
　３．永久磁石からの磁束は、空気中を伝搬するため、大きな磁気抵抗を受けることになり、磁気効率がよいとはいえない。 3. Since the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet propagates in the air, it receives a large magnetic resistance, and it cannot be said that the magnetic efficiency is good.
　４．ヨークを用いていないため、磁束の漏れが生じやすく、また周囲に導電材料または磁性材料があると、磁路が変化してしまい、発電量に影響を与えてしまうおそれがある。 4. Since the yoke is not used, magnetic flux leakage is likely to occur, and if there is a conductive material or magnetic material around it, the magnetic path may change, which may affect the amount of power generation.
　５．ホイールの一側面に対向配置される永久磁石の磁極位置によっては、ホイールを回転させたときに、なかなか永久磁石が回転しない場合がありうる。これは、永久磁石とホイール間に生じるコギングトルクによるものである。米国特許公開公報２０１４／０１３２１５５号は、コギングトルクに対する対策を何ら行っていない。 5. Depending on the magnetic pole position of the permanent magnet disposed opposite to one side of the wheel, the permanent magnet may not easily rotate when the wheel is rotated. This is due to the cogging torque generated between the permanent magnet and the wheel. US Patent Publication No. 2014/0132155 does not take any measures against cogging torque.
　本発明は、上述した課題に鑑みてなされたものであり、その目的は、磁気効率がよく、磁束の漏れも少なく、かつコギングトルクに対する対策を行った回転電機および非接触発電機を提供することである。 The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a rotating electrical machine and a non-contact power generator that have good magnetic efficiency, little leakage of magnetic flux, and have taken measures against cogging torque. It is.
　上記の課題を解決するために、本発明の一態様では、回転または移動する導体である移動体の一主面上に離隔して対向配置され、前記移動体の回転または移動方向に応じて発生するローレンツ力によって所定の回転軸回りに回転する永久磁石を有する回転体と、
　前記回転体が回転停止中に前記移動体が回転または移動を開始した場合に、前記回転体に初期回転駆動力を付与する初期駆動力付与部と、を備える、回転電機が提供される。
　前記初期回転駆動力は、前記移動体と前記永久磁石との相対的な形状および位置関係により前記永久磁石に発生するコギングトルクに対抗する力である、請求項１に記載の回転電機。 In order to solve the above-described problem, according to one aspect of the present invention, the moving body, which is a rotating or moving conductor, is disposed oppositely on one main surface of the moving body, and is generated according to the rotation or moving direction of the moving body. A rotating body having a permanent magnet that rotates about a predetermined rotation axis by Lorentz force
There is provided a rotating electrical machine including an initial driving force applying unit that applies an initial rotational driving force to the rotating body when the moving body starts rotating or moving while the rotating body is stopped.
2. The rotating electrical machine according to claim 1, wherein the initial rotational driving force is a force that opposes cogging torque generated in the permanent magnet due to a relative shape and positional relationship between the movable body and the permanent magnet.
　電気エネルギを蓄電する蓄電器を備え、
　前記初期駆動力付与部は、前記蓄電器に蓄電された前記電気エネルギを利用して、前記初期回転駆動力を付与してもよい。 It has a battery that stores electrical energy,
The initial driving force applying unit may apply the initial rotational driving force using the electrical energy stored in the capacitor.
　前記回転体の回転による運動エネルギを電気エネルギに変換する発電部を備え、
　前記蓄電器は、前記発電部で変換された前記電気エネルギの少なくとも一部を蓄電してもよい。 A power generation unit that converts kinetic energy generated by rotation of the rotating body into electrical energy;
The capacitor may store at least a part of the electric energy converted by the power generation unit.
　前記回転体が回転停止中に前記移動体が回転または移動を開始した場合に、前記蓄電器に蓄電された前記電気エネルギを放電させて前記初期駆動力付与部に供給し、前記回転体が回転を開始した後は前記発電部が変換した前記電気エネルギを前記蓄電器に充電させる充放電制御部を備えてもよい。 When the moving body starts rotating or moving while the rotating body stops rotating, the electric energy stored in the capacitor is discharged and supplied to the initial driving force applying unit, and the rotating body rotates. You may provide the charging / discharging control part which charges the said electrical energy with the said electrical energy which the said electric power generation part converted after starting.
　前記発電部および前記初期駆動力付与部は、一体に構成されたモータ発電機兼用装置であってもよい。 The electric power generation unit and the initial driving force application unit may be a motor generator combined device configured integrally.
　前記初期駆動力付与部は、電気力および磁気力の少なくとも一つを利用して、前記回転体に前記初期回転駆動力を付与してもよい。 The initial driving force applying unit may apply the initial rotational driving force to the rotating body using at least one of an electric force and a magnetic force.
　前記初期駆動力付与部は、流体エネルギ、機械エネルギおよび位置エネルギの少なくとも一つを利用して、前記回転体に前記初期回転駆動力を付与してもよい。 The initial driving force application unit may apply the initial rotational driving force to the rotating body using at least one of fluid energy, mechanical energy, and potential energy.
　前記回転体は、前記移動体の前記一主面上に前記永久磁石からの磁束の変化を妨げる方向に発生される渦電流に基づいて前記永久磁石に働く反発力および誘引力により、前記第１回転軸周りに回転してもよい。 The rotating body has the first repulsive force and the attractive force acting on the permanent magnet based on an eddy current generated in a direction that prevents a change in magnetic flux from the permanent magnet on the one main surface of the moving body. You may rotate around a rotation axis.
　本発明の他の一態様では、回転または移動する導体である移動体の一主面上に離隔して対向配置され、前記移動体の回転または移動方向に応じて発生するローレンツ力によって所定の回転軸回りに回転する永久磁石を有する回転体と、
　前記回転体の回転による運動エネルギを電気エネルギに変換する発電部と、
　前記移動体が回転または移動中に前記回転体が停止している場合に、前記回転体に初期回転駆動力を付与する初期駆動力付与部と、を備える非接触発電機が提供される。 In another aspect of the present invention, a rotating body that is a rotating or moving conductor is disposed on one main surface of the moving body so as to be separated from the main surface, and a predetermined rotation is generated by a Lorentz force generated according to the rotation or moving direction of the moving body. A rotating body having a permanent magnet that rotates about an axis;
A power generation unit that converts kinetic energy generated by rotation of the rotating body into electrical energy;
There is provided a non-contact generator including an initial driving force applying unit that applies an initial rotational driving force to the rotating body when the rotating body is rotating or stopped while the moving body is rotating.
　本発明によれば、磁気効率がよく、磁束の漏れも少なく、かつコギングトルクに対する対策を行った回転電機および非接触発電機を提供できる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a rotating electrical machine and a non-contact generator that have good magnetic efficiency, little magnetic flux leakage, and that have taken measures against cogging torque.
本発明の第１の実施形態による回転電機の概略構成を示すブロック図。The block diagram which shows schematic structure of the rotary electric machine by the 1st Embodiment of this invention. 移動体および回転体の正面図。The front view of a moving body and a rotary body. 回転体の永久磁石の磁極配置と磁化方向を示す図。The figure which shows the magnetic pole arrangement | positioning and magnetization direction of the permanent magnet of a rotary body. 移動体の一側面に発生する渦電流により永久磁石が回転する原理を説明する図。The figure explaining the principle which a permanent magnet rotates by the eddy current which generate | occur | produces on the one side of a moving body. 移動体が回転ではなく一方向に移動する場合の回転電機の一例を示す図。The figure which shows an example of a rotary electric machine in case a moving body moves to one direction instead of rotation. 本発明の第２の実施形態による回転電機を備えた非接触発電機のブロック図。The block diagram of the non-contact generator provided with the rotary electric machine by the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. 第３の実施形態による回転電機の概略構成を示すブロック図。The block diagram which shows schematic structure of the rotary electric machine by 3rd Embodiment. 図７の回転電機のより詳細なブロック図。FIG. 8 is a more detailed block diagram of the rotating electrical machine of FIG. 7. 回転エネルギを弾性エネルギに変換して蓄積する回転電機の概略構成を示すブロック図。The block diagram which shows schematic structure of the rotary electric machine which converts rotational energy into elastic energy and accumulate | stores. 回転エネルギを位置エネルギに変換して蓄積する回転電機の概略構成を示すブロック図。The block diagram which shows schematic structure of the rotary electric machine which converts rotational energy into positional energy and accumulates.
　以下、本発明の実施の形態について、詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.
　（第１の実施形態）
　図１は本発明の第１の実施形態による回転電機１の概略構成を示すブロック図である。図１の回転電機１は、回転体１１と初期駆動力付与部１２とを備えている。 (First embodiment)
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a rotating electrical machine 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. The rotating electrical machine 1 in FIG. 1 includes a rotating body 11 and an initial driving force applying unit 12.
　回転体１１は、回転または移動する導体である移動体５の一主面上に離隔して対向配置されている。また、回転体１１は、移動体５の回転または移動方向に応じて発生するローレンツ力によって所定の回転軸回りに回転する永久磁石２を有する。永久磁石２は、周状に配置された複数の磁極を有する。永久磁石２の磁極数は２以上の任意の数である。 Rotating body 11 is disposed oppositely on one main surface of moving body 5 which is a rotating or moving conductor. The rotating body 11 includes a permanent magnet 2 that rotates around a predetermined rotation axis by a Lorentz force generated according to the rotation or moving direction of the moving body 5. The permanent magnet 2 has a plurality of magnetic poles arranged circumferentially. The number of magnetic poles of the permanent magnet 2 is an arbitrary number of 2 or more.
　初期駆動力付与部１２は、移動体５が回転または移動中に回転体１１が停止している場合に、回転体１１に初期回転駆動力を付与する。初期回転駆動力とは、移動体５と永久磁石２との相対的な形状および位置関係により永久磁石２に発生するコギングトルクに対抗する力である。 The initial driving force applying unit 12 applies an initial rotational driving force to the rotating body 11 when the rotating body 11 is stopped while the moving body 5 is rotating or moving. The initial rotational driving force is a force that opposes the cogging torque generated in the permanent magnet 2 due to the relative shape and positional relationship between the moving body 5 and the permanent magnet 2.
　コギングトルクは、移動体５と回転体１１の永久磁石２との吸着力の不均一性が原因となって発生する。すなわち、回転体１１の永久磁石２は、周方向に複数の磁極を有するため、回転体１１の回転角度や回転位置によって移動体５への吸着力に強弱が生じ、これが原因となってコギングトルクが発生する。 The cogging torque is generated due to non-uniformity of the attractive force between the moving body 5 and the permanent magnet 2 of the rotating body 11. That is, since the permanent magnet 2 of the rotating body 11 has a plurality of magnetic poles in the circumferential direction, the attractive force on the moving body 5 varies depending on the rotation angle and rotation position of the rotating body 11, and this causes cogging torque. Will occur.
　コギングトルクが発生すると、移動体５が移動または回転しても、回転体１１はなかなか回転しなくなる。そこで、初期駆動力付与部１２にて回転体１１に初期回転駆動力を付与することで、コギングトルクに打ち勝って回転体１１を回転させることができる。 When the cogging torque is generated, the rotating body 11 hardly rotates even if the moving body 5 moves or rotates. Therefore, by applying the initial rotational driving force to the rotating body 11 by the initial driving force applying unit 12, the rotating body 11 can be rotated overcoming the cogging torque.
　図２～図４は移動体５の移動または回転により回転体１１が回転する原理を説明する図である。図２は移動体５および回転体１１の正面図、図３は回転体１１の永久磁石２の磁極配置と磁化方向を示す図である。 2 to 4 are diagrams for explaining the principle of rotation of the rotating body 11 by the movement or rotation of the moving body 5. FIG. FIG. 2 is a front view of the moving body 5 and the rotating body 11, and FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the magnetic pole arrangement and the magnetization direction of the permanent magnet 2 of the rotating body 11.
　図２に示すように、回転体１１は、移動体５から離隔して配置されており、その回転軸２ａ周りに回転する。回転体１１は、回転軸２ａ周りに一方向にのみ回転してもよいし、両方向に回転してもよい。 As shown in FIG. 2, the rotating body 11 is arranged away from the moving body 5 and rotates around the rotating shaft 2 a. The rotating body 11 may rotate only in one direction around the rotation axis 2a, or may rotate in both directions.
　図１に示すように、永久磁石２の回転軸２ａと、移動体５の回転軸５ａとは平行に配置されており、永久磁石２の外周面２ｃに連なる一側面２ｄの少なくとも一部は、移動体５の外周面５ｂに連なる一側面５ｃに対向配置されている。より具体的には、永久磁石２が有する複数の磁極２ｂのうち、２つ以上の磁極２ｂが移動体５の一側面５ｃに対向配置されている。これにより、後述するように、永久磁石２と移動体５との磁気結合量を増やすことができ、移動体５の一側面５ｃ上に生じる渦電流を増大させることができる。 As shown in FIG. 1, the rotating shaft 2a of the permanent magnet 2 and the rotating shaft 5a of the moving body 5 are arranged in parallel, and at least a part of one side surface 2d connected to the outer peripheral surface 2c of the permanent magnet 2 is The movable body 5 is disposed so as to face one side surface 5c that is continuous with the outer peripheral surface 5b. More specifically, two or more magnetic poles 2 b among the plurality of magnetic poles 2 b included in the permanent magnet 2 are disposed to face one side surface 5 c of the moving body 5. Thereby, as will be described later, the amount of magnetic coupling between the permanent magnet 2 and the moving body 5 can be increased, and the eddy current generated on the one side surface 5c of the moving body 5 can be increased.
　移動体５は、例えば車両の車輪やホイールなどである。移動体５は、永久磁石２に対向配置された一側面５ｃに渦電流を発生させる。渦電流を発生できるように、移動体５の少なくとも一側面５ｃは、金属などの導電材料で形成されている必要がある。 The moving body 5 is, for example, a vehicle wheel or a wheel. The moving body 5 generates an eddy current on the one side surface 5 c arranged to face the permanent magnet 2. In order to generate eddy currents, at least one side surface 5c of the moving body 5 needs to be formed of a conductive material such as metal.
　本実施形態では、永久磁石２の各磁極２ｂからの磁束により、移動体５の一側面５ｃに渦電流を発生させる。よって、永久磁石２の一側面２ｄと移動体５の一側面５ｃとの間の間隔は、永久磁石２の各磁極２ｂからの磁束が移動体５に到達可能な範囲内に制限される。 In this embodiment, an eddy current is generated on one side surface 5c of the moving body 5 by the magnetic flux from each magnetic pole 2b of the permanent magnet 2. Therefore, the distance between the one side surface 2 d of the permanent magnet 2 and the one side surface 5 c of the moving body 5 is limited to a range in which the magnetic flux from each magnetic pole 2 b of the permanent magnet 2 can reach the moving body 5.
　永久磁石２の各磁極２ｂは、対向する永久磁石２の一側面２ｄに向かう方向またはその反対方向に磁化されている。また、永久磁石２の隣接する磁極２ｂ同士の磁化方向は逆である。図３では、永久磁石２の各磁極２ｂの磁化方向を矢印で示している。図３に示すように、永久磁石２の一側面２ｄには、周状にＮ極とＳ極が交互に並んでいる。また、永久磁石２の移動体５に対向する一側面２ｄとは反対側の側面２ｅは、一側面とは逆極性になる。 Each magnetic pole 2b of the permanent magnet 2 is magnetized in a direction toward one side 2d of the opposing permanent magnet 2 or in the opposite direction. Further, the magnetization directions of the adjacent magnetic poles 2b of the permanent magnet 2 are opposite to each other. In FIG. 3, the magnetization direction of each magnetic pole 2b of the permanent magnet 2 is indicated by an arrow. As shown in FIG. 3, N poles and S poles are alternately arranged on one side surface 2 d of the permanent magnet 2 in a circumferential shape. Further, the side surface 2e opposite to the one side surface 2d facing the moving body 5 of the permanent magnet 2 has a polarity opposite to that of the one side surface.
　図４は移動体５の一側面５ｃに発生する渦電流６ａ，６ｂにより永久磁石２が回転する原理を説明する図である。永久磁石２の一側面２ｄ上に周状に並ぶ複数の磁極２ｂのうち、移動体５の一側面５ｃに対向配置された磁極２ｂからの磁束は、移動体５の一側面５ｃ方向に伝搬する。永久磁石２の一側面２ｄと移動体５の一側面５ｃとの間は、エアギャップであり、永久磁石２からの磁極２ｂはこのエアギャップを伝搬する。 FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the principle of rotation of the permanent magnet 2 by eddy currents 6a and 6b generated on one side surface 5c of the moving body 5. FIG. Of the plurality of magnetic poles 2b arranged circumferentially on one side surface 2d of the permanent magnet 2, the magnetic flux from the magnetic pole 2b arranged to face the one side surface 5c of the moving body 5 propagates in the direction of the one side surface 5c of the moving body 5. . An air gap is formed between one side surface 2d of the permanent magnet 2 and one side surface 5c of the moving body 5, and the magnetic pole 2b from the permanent magnet 2 propagates through the air gap.
　移動体５が回転すると、移動体５の一側面５ｃには、永久磁石２からの磁束の変化を妨げる方向に渦電流が生じ、この渦電流による磁束と永久磁石２からの磁束との相互作用（反発力および誘引力）により、永久磁石２は回転する。ただし、永久磁石２の一側面２ｄの表面速度は、対向する移動体５の一側面５ｃの表面速度よりも遅くなる。 When the moving body 5 rotates, an eddy current is generated on one side surface 5c of the moving body 5 in a direction that prevents a change in the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet 2, and the interaction between the magnetic flux caused by this eddy current and the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet 2 occurs. The permanent magnet 2 rotates due to (repulsive force and attractive force). However, the surface speed of the one side surface 2d of the permanent magnet 2 is slower than the surface speed of the one side surface 5c of the opposed moving body 5.
　例えば、永久磁石２のＮ極が移動体５の一側面５ｃに対向配置されている場合、Ｎ極の回転方向前方のエッジｅ１からの磁束が到達する移動体５の一側面５ｃ部分に発生する渦電流６ａの向きと、Ｎ極の回転方向後方のエッジｅ２からの磁束が到達する移動体５の一側面５ｃ部分に発生する渦電流６ｂの向きとは相違している。Ｎ極の回転方向後方のエッジｅ２からの磁束により発生する渦電流６ｂは、Ｎ極からの磁束とは反対方向の磁束を発生させる向きに流れる。一方、Ｎ極の回転方向前方のエッジｅ１からの磁束が到達する移動体５の一側面５ｃ部分に発生する渦電流６ａは、Ｎ極からの磁束と同方向の磁束を発生させる向きに流れる。いずれの渦電流６ａ，６ｂも、移動体５の回転に伴う永久磁石２からの磁束の変化を妨げる方向に流れる。 For example, when the N pole of the permanent magnet 2 is arranged opposite to the one side surface 5c of the moving body 5, the magnetic flux from the edge e1 at the front of the N pole in the rotational direction is generated at the side surface 5c portion of the moving body 5. The direction of the eddy current 6a is different from the direction of the eddy current 6b generated at the one side surface 5c portion of the moving body 5 where the magnetic flux from the edge e2 behind the rotation direction of the N pole arrives. The eddy current 6b generated by the magnetic flux from the edge e2 at the rear of the N pole in the rotation direction flows in a direction to generate a magnetic flux in the opposite direction to the magnetic flux from the N pole. On the other hand, the eddy current 6a generated at the one side surface 5c portion of the moving body 5 to which the magnetic flux from the edge e1 in the rotation direction of the N pole arrives flows in a direction in which the magnetic flux in the same direction as the magnetic flux from the N pole is generated. Any of the eddy currents 6a and 6b flows in a direction that prevents a change in magnetic flux from the permanent magnet 2 accompanying the rotation of the moving body 5.
　上述したように、永久磁石２のＮ極の回転方向前方のエッジｅ１側では、渦電流６ａによる磁束と永久磁石２のＮ極からの磁束との方向が同じになることから、互いに引き寄せ合う誘引力が働く。一方、永久磁石２のＮ極の回転方向後方のエッジｅ２側では、渦電流６ｂによる磁束と永久磁石２のＮ極からの磁束とは反対方向になることから、互いに反発し合う反発力が働く。永久磁石２の一側面２ｄの表面速度が、対向する移動体５の一側面５ｃの表面速度より遅い場合には、上述した、永久磁石２と渦電流６ａ、６ｂの関係が常に成り立つ。これにより、永久磁石２は、対向する移動体５の一側面５ｃの移動表面を追いかけるようにして、対向する移動体５の一側面５ｃの表面速度よりも遅い表面速度で回転することになる。なお、初期駆動力付与部１２にて回転体１１に初期回転駆動力を付与している間は、回転体１１が移動体５よりも速い回転速度で回転する場合がありうる。よって、より正確には、初期駆動力付与部１２が回転体１１への初期回転駆動力の付与を停止して、その後回転体１１が安定して回転している状態での回転体１１の移動体５に対向配置される一側面２ｄの表面速度は、対向配置される移動体５の一主面５ｃの表面速度よりも遅くなる。 As described above, since the direction of the magnetic flux by the eddy current 6a and the magnetic flux from the N pole of the permanent magnet 2 is the same at the edge e1 side in the rotation direction of the N pole of the permanent magnet 2, the attraction attracts each other. Power works. On the other hand, on the edge e2 side behind the rotation direction of the N pole of the permanent magnet 2, the magnetic flux due to the eddy current 6b and the magnetic flux from the N pole of the permanent magnet 2 are in opposite directions, and thus repulsive forces that repel each other work. . When the surface speed of the one side surface 2d of the permanent magnet 2 is slower than the surface speed of the one side surface 5c of the opposed moving body 5, the above-described relationship between the permanent magnet 2 and the eddy currents 6a and 6b always holds. Thereby, the permanent magnet 2 rotates at a surface speed slower than the surface speed of the one side surface 5c of the opposed moving body 5 so as to follow the moving surface of the one side surface 5c of the facing moving body 5. In addition, while the initial rotational driving force is applied to the rotating body 11 by the initial driving force applying unit 12, the rotating body 11 may rotate at a higher rotational speed than the moving body 5. Therefore, more precisely, the initial driving force application unit 12 stops applying the initial rotational driving force to the rotating body 11, and then the moving of the rotating body 11 in a state where the rotating body 11 rotates stably. The surface speed of the one side surface 2d arranged to face the body 5 is slower than the surface speed of the one main surface 5c of the moving body 5 arranged to face the body 5.
　図２の例では、永久磁石２の移動体５に対向する一側面２ｄとは反対側の側面２ｅには、コイル３が対向配置されている。コイル３と、対向する永久磁石２の側面２ｅとの間には、エアギャップが設けられている。コイル３は固定されており、回転する永久磁石２からの磁束がコイル３を鎖交する。永久磁石２の周状に配置された複数の磁極２ｂの極性は、交互に変化するため、コイル３を鎖交する磁束はその向きが周期的に変化する交番磁束である。よって、コイル３には、永久磁石２からの磁束の変化を妨げる方向に誘導電流が発生し、この誘導電流を抽出することで、交流からなる誘導電力を生成することができる。このように、コイルを設けることで、移動体５の運動エネルギを電気エネルギに変換することができる。よって、コイルは発電機として機能する。 In the example of FIG. 2, the coil 3 is disposed to face the side surface 2 e opposite to the side surface 2 d facing the moving body 5 of the permanent magnet 2. An air gap is provided between the coil 3 and the side surface 2 e of the opposing permanent magnet 2. The coil 3 is fixed, and the magnetic flux from the rotating permanent magnet 2 links the coil 3. Since the polarities of the plurality of magnetic poles 2b arranged around the permanent magnet 2 change alternately, the magnetic flux interlinking the coil 3 is an alternating magnetic flux whose direction changes periodically. Therefore, an induced current is generated in the coil 3 in a direction that prevents a change in the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet 2, and by extracting this induced current, an induced power composed of alternating current can be generated. Thus, by providing a coil, the kinetic energy of the moving body 5 can be converted into electric energy. Thus, the coil functions as a generator.
　永久磁石２からの磁束は、図２の矢印ｙ１，ｙ２に示すように、コイル３を鎖交した後、空気中を伝搬して永久磁石２に戻る。磁束の通過する経路は磁路と呼ばれている。磁路の大部分が空気である場合、空気中の磁気抵抗は大きいことから、コイル３を通過する磁束密度が小さくなり、結果として誘導電流も小さくなる。また、磁束が空気中を伝搬している最中に磁束の漏れが生じたり、また、周辺の導電材料または磁性材料の影響で磁路が変化するおそれもある。そこで、２に示すように、コイル３を鎖交した磁束が通過する磁路内にヨーク４を設けるのが望ましい。ヨーク４は、鉄などの透磁率の高い材料で形成されており、例えば、コイル３の永久磁石２に対向する面と反対側の面にヨーク４を密着配置することで、コイル３を鎖交した磁束を漏れなくヨーク４に導いて、ヨーク４内を通って永久磁石２に戻すことができる。これにより、磁束の漏れを防止でき、磁気効率を高くすることができる。 The magnetic flux from the permanent magnet 2 propagates through the air and returns to the permanent magnet 2 after interlinking the coil 3 as indicated by arrows y1 and y2 in FIG. The path through which the magnetic flux passes is called a magnetic path. When most of the magnetic path is air, the magnetic resistance in the air is large, so that the magnetic flux density passing through the coil 3 is small, and as a result, the induced current is also small. Further, there is a possibility that leakage of the magnetic flux occurs while the magnetic flux is propagating in the air, or the magnetic path is changed by the influence of the surrounding conductive material or magnetic material. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2, it is desirable to provide the yoke 4 in the magnetic path through which the magnetic flux linked to the coil 3 passes. The yoke 4 is formed of a material having high magnetic permeability such as iron. For example, the yoke 4 is arranged in close contact with the surface of the coil 3 opposite to the surface facing the permanent magnet 2, thereby connecting the coil 3 to the linkage. The magnetic flux thus guided can be guided to the yoke 4 without leakage and returned to the permanent magnet 2 through the yoke 4. Thereby, leakage of magnetic flux can be prevented and magnetic efficiency can be increased.
　なお、本実施形態による回転電機１においては、コイル３とヨーク４は必須の構成部品ではない。発電機能を持たない回転電機１であっても、図１に示す回転体１１と初期駆動力付与部１２を備えていれば、回転体１１を速やかに回転させるという本実施形態による効果を得ることができる。 In the rotating electrical machine 1 according to the present embodiment, the coil 3 and the yoke 4 are not essential components. Even if the rotating electrical machine 1 does not have a power generation function, if the rotating body 11 and the initial driving force applying unit 12 shown in FIG. 1 are provided, the effect of the present embodiment that the rotating body 11 is rapidly rotated can be obtained. Can do.
　上述したように、移動体５が移動または回転すると、移動体５の表面には渦電流が発生し、この渦電流による磁束と永久磁石２の磁束との誘引力および反発力により、回転体１１は移動体５と同じ回転方向に回転する力が発生する。よって、回転体１１は、移動体５が移動または回転を開始すると、回転を開始する。また、移動体５の移動速度または回転速度が速くなるほど、回転体１１を回転させる力も強くなる。 As described above, when the moving body 5 moves or rotates, an eddy current is generated on the surface of the moving body 5, and the rotating body 11 is caused by an attractive force and a repulsive force between the magnetic flux generated by the eddy current and the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 2. Generates a force that rotates in the same rotational direction as the moving body 5. Therefore, the rotating body 11 starts rotating when the moving body 5 starts moving or rotating. Further, as the moving speed or rotating speed of the moving body 5 increases, the force for rotating the rotating body 11 also increases.
　ところが、上述したように、移動体５と回転体１１の永久磁石２との相対的な形状および位置関係によってコギングトルクが発生し、回転体１１の回転停止位置によってコギングトルクの大きさが変化する。コギングトルクが最大の位置で回転体１１が回転を停止すると、その後に回転体１１の回転を開始させるには、その位置でのコギングトルクに打ち勝つだけの回転駆動力が必要となる。この回転駆動力を付与するのが図１に示す初期駆動力付与部１２である。 However, as described above, cogging torque is generated by the relative shape and positional relationship between the moving body 5 and the permanent magnet 2 of the rotating body 11, and the magnitude of the cogging torque changes depending on the rotation stop position of the rotating body 11. . When the rotating body 11 stops rotating at a position where the cogging torque is maximum, a rotational driving force sufficient to overcome the cogging torque at that position is required to start the rotation of the rotating body 11 thereafter. The initial driving force applying unit 12 shown in FIG. 1 applies this rotational driving force.
　初期駆動力付与部１２は、コギングトルクが最大の位置で回転体１１が回転を停止した場合でも、回転体１１の回転を再開できる程度の初期回転駆動力を回転体１１に付与する。このように、初期駆動力付与部１２は、回転体１１の回転を促進するためのアシスト機能を有する。 The initial driving force applying unit 12 applies an initial rotational driving force to the rotating body 11 so that the rotation of the rotating body 11 can be resumed even when the rotating body 11 stops rotating at a position where the cogging torque is maximum. As described above, the initial driving force applying unit 12 has an assist function for promoting the rotation of the rotating body 11.
　回転体１１に初期回転駆動力を付与することで、回転体１１は回転しやすくなり、移動体５が移動または回転を開始すると、速やかに回転体１１は回転を開始するようになる。 By applying an initial rotational driving force to the rotating body 11, the rotating body 11 is easily rotated, and when the moving body 5 starts to move or rotate, the rotating body 11 starts to rotate immediately.
　図２～図４では、移動体５が回転する例を示したが、移動体５は所定方向に移動するものであってもよい。 2 to 4 show an example in which the moving body 5 rotates, but the moving body 5 may move in a predetermined direction.
　図５は移動体５が回転ではなく一方向に移動する場合の回転電機１の一例を示す図である。移動体５の一主面８ａと永久磁石２の一側面２ｄとが離隔して配置されている。移動体５は、例えば、図５の矢印の向きに移動する。あるいは、移動体５は、矢印の向きとその反対側の向きとの双方向に移動してもよい。移動体５の少なくとも一主面８ａは、渦電流を発生させる導電材料で形成されている。図５の場合の動作原理は、図４と同じである。永久磁石２の一側面２ｄに対向配置された移動体５の一主面８ａ上に、永久磁石２からの磁束の変化を妨げる向きに渦電流が発生する。この渦電流による磁束と永久磁石２からの磁束との相互作用（反発力および誘引力）により、永久磁石２は移動体５の移動方向に応じた方向に回転する。 FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of the rotating electrical machine 1 when the moving body 5 moves in one direction instead of rotating. One main surface 8a of the moving body 5 and one side surface 2d of the permanent magnet 2 are spaced apart. The moving body 5 moves, for example, in the direction of the arrow in FIG. Alternatively, the moving body 5 may move in both directions of the direction of the arrow and the opposite direction. At least one main surface 8a of the moving body 5 is formed of a conductive material that generates eddy current. The operation principle in the case of FIG. 5 is the same as that of FIG. An eddy current is generated on one main surface 8a of the moving body 5 arranged to face the one side surface 2d of the permanent magnet 2 in a direction that prevents the change in magnetic flux from the permanent magnet 2. Due to the interaction (repulsive force and attractive force) between the magnetic flux generated by the eddy current and the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet 2, the permanent magnet 2 rotates in a direction corresponding to the moving direction of the moving body 5.
　移動体５は、それ自身が移動する場合だけでなく、永久磁石２に対して相対的に移動するものでもよい。例えば、移動体５を列車が走行するレールとし、回転自在の永久磁石２と、固定されたコイル３およびヨーク４とを備えた列車をレール上で走行させ、レールの一側面に永久磁石２の一側面２ｄを対向配置させる場合にも本実施形態を適用可能である。このように、移動体５は、永久磁石２に対して相対的に移動するものでもよい。 The moving body 5 may move relative to the permanent magnet 2 as well as when the moving body 5 itself moves. For example, the moving body 5 is a rail on which a train travels, and a train including a rotatable permanent magnet 2, a fixed coil 3 and a yoke 4 is traveled on the rail, and the permanent magnet 2 is placed on one side of the rail. The present embodiment can also be applied to the case where the one side surface 2d is disposed to face each other. Thus, the moving body 5 may move relative to the permanent magnet 2.
　初期駆動力付与部１２は、例えば、電気力および磁気力の少なくとも一つを利用して、回転体１１に初期回転駆動力を付与する。電気力および磁気力を発生させる一代表例は、モータである。例えば、モータの回転軸を回転体１１の回転軸と一体化することで、モータの回転駆動力を直接回転体１１の回転駆動に利用することができる。 The initial driving force applying unit 12 applies the initial rotational driving force to the rotating body 11 using, for example, at least one of an electric force and a magnetic force. A typical example of generating electric force and magnetic force is a motor. For example, by integrating the rotating shaft of the motor with the rotating shaft of the rotating body 11, the rotational driving force of the motor can be directly used for driving the rotating body 11.
　このように、第１の実施形態では、回転体１１の永久磁石２にコギングトルクが発生したとしても、回転体１１に初期駆動力を付与することで、回転体１１を回転しやすくすることができる。よって、移動体５が移動または回転を開始すると迅速に、すなわち、移動体５の移動速度または回転速度が遅い間であっても、回転体１１は回転を行うようになり、移動体５の運動エネルギを回転体１１の回転エネルギに効率よく変換できる。 As described above, in the first embodiment, even if cogging torque is generated in the permanent magnet 2 of the rotating body 11, the rotating body 11 can be easily rotated by applying the initial driving force to the rotating body 11. it can. Therefore, when the moving body 5 starts to move or rotate, that is, even while the moving speed or the rotating speed of the moving body 5 is low, the rotating body 11 starts rotating, and the movement of the moving body 5 Energy can be efficiently converted into rotational energy of the rotating body 11.
　（第２の実施形態）
　第２の実施形態は、回転体１１にモータおよび発電機として機能する電気機械を接続するものである。
　図６は本発明の第２の実施形態による回転電機１を備えた非接触発電機１０のブロック図である。第２の実施形態による非接触発電機１０は、図２のコイル３を省略する代わりに、回転体１１の永久磁石２の回転軸２ａに接続されたモータ発電機兼用装置１３と、蓄電器１４と、駆動制御部１５とを備えている。回転体１１の永久磁石２は、回転軸２ａの軸端に配置された不図示のヨークに接合されている。回転体１１、ヨークおよび回転軸２ａは、一体に回転自在とされている。 (Second Embodiment)
In the second embodiment, an electric machine that functions as a motor and a generator is connected to the rotating body 11.
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a non-contact generator 10 provided with the rotating electrical machine 1 according to the second embodiment of the present invention. The non-contact power generator 10 according to the second embodiment includes a motor generator combined device 13 connected to the rotating shaft 2 a of the permanent magnet 2 of the rotating body 11, a capacitor 14, instead of omitting the coil 3 of FIG. 2. The drive control unit 15 is provided. The permanent magnet 2 of the rotating body 11 is joined to a yoke (not shown) arranged at the shaft end of the rotating shaft 2a. The rotating body 11, the yoke, and the rotating shaft 2a are integrally rotatable.
　モータ発電機兼用装置１３は、回転軸２ａを回転させる駆動力を発生するモータと、回転軸２ａの回転エネルギを電気エネルギに変換する発電機とを兼用する装置である。モータ発電機兼用装置１３の内部構成は問わないが、例えば、回転軸２ａとともに回転する不図示のロータおよびステータと、ステータに巻回されたコイルとを有する。 The motor generator combined device 13 is a device that combines a motor that generates a driving force for rotating the rotating shaft 2a and a generator that converts the rotational energy of the rotating shaft 2a into electric energy. The internal configuration of the motor generator combined device 13 is not limited, and includes, for example, a rotor and a stator (not shown) that rotate together with the rotating shaft 2a, and a coil wound around the stator.
　モータ発電機兼用装置１３をモータとして動作させる場合は、ロータを回転させて回転軸２ａを回転させる。モータ発電機兼用装置１３を発電機として動作させる場合は、ステータに巻回されたコイルにて発生した誘導起電力を蓄電器１４に蓄電する。このように、移動体５の運動エネルギは、モータ発電機兼用装置１３にて電気エネルギに変換され、この電気エネルギが蓄電器１４に蓄電される。 When operating the motor generator combined device 13 as a motor, the rotor is rotated to rotate the rotating shaft 2a. When the motor generator combined device 13 is operated as a generator, the induced electromotive force generated by the coil wound around the stator is stored in the capacitor 14. Thus, the kinetic energy of the moving body 5 is converted into electric energy by the motor generator combined device 13, and this electric energy is stored in the capacitor 14.
　モータ発電機兼用装置１３をモータとして動作させる場合の駆動電源は、蓄電器１４に蓄電された電気エネルギである。モータ発電機兼用装置１３は、図１の初期駆動力付与部１２の機能を具備している。具体的には、モータ発電機兼用装置１３をモータとして動作させることにより、初期駆動力付与部１２の動作を行うことになる。 The driving power source when the motor generator combined device 13 is operated as a motor is electrical energy stored in the capacitor 14. The motor generator combined device 13 has the function of the initial driving force applying unit 12 of FIG. Specifically, the operation of the initial driving force applying unit 12 is performed by operating the motor generator combined device 13 as a motor.
　駆動制御部１５は、回転体１１が回転停止中に移動体５が回転または移動を開始した場合に、蓄電器１４に蓄電された電気エネルギを放電させてモータ発電機兼用装置１３に供給し、回転体１１が回転を開始した後はモータ発電機兼用装置１３で変換した電気エネルギを蓄電器１４に充電させる制御を行う。また、駆動制御部１５は、モータ発電機兼用装置１３が負荷１６を駆動する制御を行う。 When the moving body 5 starts rotating or moving while the rotating body 11 stops rotating, the drive control unit 15 discharges the electric energy stored in the capacitor 14 and supplies it to the motor generator combined device 13 for rotation. After the body 11 starts rotating, control is performed to charge the battery 14 with the electrical energy converted by the motor generator combined device 13. Further, the drive control unit 15 controls the motor generator / device 13 to drive the load 16.
　図６は、移動体５の運動エネルギを電気エネルギに変換して蓄電器１４に蓄電する例を示したが、蓄電器１４に蓄電する電気エネルギは、移動体５の運動エネルギを変換した電気エネルギとは無関係の電気エネルギであってもよい。例えば、蓄電器１４は、予め蓄電されたバッテリであってもよいし、太陽光や風力などの自然エネルギを電気エネルギに変換して蓄電してもよいし、車両等の回生エネルギを電気エネルギに変換して蓄電してもよい。 FIG. 6 shows an example in which the kinetic energy of the mobile body 5 is converted into electrical energy and stored in the battery 14. The electrical energy stored in the battery 14 is the electrical energy converted from the kinetic energy of the mobile body 5. Irrelevant electrical energy may be used. For example, the battery 14 may be a battery stored in advance, or may be stored by converting natural energy such as sunlight or wind power into electric energy, or regenerative energy of a vehicle or the like is converted into electric energy. May be stored.
　このように、第２の実施形態によるモータ発電機兼用装置１３は、蓄電器１４に蓄電された電気エネルギを利用して、モータ発電機兼用装置１３を駆動して、回転体１１に初期駆動力を付与する。すなわち、本実施形態によれば、非接触発電機１０に備わっているモータ発電機兼用装置１３を用いて、回転体１１に初期駆動力を付与するため、別個に専用の初期駆動力付与部１２を設ける必要がなくなり、構成を簡略化できる。また、移動体５の運動エネルギを電気エネルギに変換して蓄電器１４に蓄電し、その蓄電電力を利用して、回転停止中の回転体１１に対して初期回転駆動力を付与することもできる。これにより、外部電源を用いることなく、回転体１１に初期回転駆動力を付与でき、外部電源を確保することが困難な環境下であっても、コギングトルクの影響を受けずに、回転体１１を速やかに回転させることができる。 As described above, the motor generator combined device 13 according to the second embodiment drives the motor generator combined device 13 using the electrical energy stored in the capacitor 14 to give the rotating body 11 an initial driving force. Give. That is, according to this embodiment, since the initial driving force is applied to the rotating body 11 using the motor generator combined device 13 provided in the non-contact generator 10, the dedicated initial driving force applying unit 12 is separately provided. The configuration can be simplified. It is also possible to convert the kinetic energy of the moving body 5 into electrical energy, store it in the battery 14, and use the stored power to apply an initial rotational driving force to the rotating body 11 that has stopped rotating. As a result, an initial rotational driving force can be applied to the rotator 11 without using an external power supply, and the rotator 11 is not affected by cogging torque even in an environment where it is difficult to secure the external power supply. Can be quickly rotated.
　（第３の実施形態）
　第３の実施形態は、電気エネルギ以外のエネルギを蓄積して、蓄積したエネルギを用いて回転体１１に初期駆動力を付与するものである。電気エネルギ以外のエネルギとは、流体エネルギや、弾性エネルギなどの機械エネルギや、位置エネルギである。第３の実施形態は、流体エネルギ、機械エネルギまたは位置エネルギを蓄積して、その蓄積エネルギを用いて回転体１１に初期駆動力を付与する。 (Third embodiment)
In the third embodiment, energy other than electrical energy is accumulated, and the initial driving force is applied to the rotating body 11 using the accumulated energy. The energy other than electric energy is fluid energy, mechanical energy such as elastic energy, and potential energy. In the third embodiment, fluid energy, mechanical energy, or potential energy is accumulated, and an initial driving force is applied to the rotating body 11 using the accumulated energy.
　図７は第３の実施形態による回転電機１の概略構成を示すブロック図である。図７の回転電機１は、移動体５の移動による運動エネルギに応じた回転体１１の回転エネルギを流体エネルギに変換する流体エネルギ変換器２１と、変換された流体エネルギに応じた圧力を蓄圧する蓄圧器２２と、移動体５の移動による運動エネルギに応じた回転体１１の回転エネルギを流体エネルギ変換器２１に伝達するか否かを切り替えるエネルギ伝達切替器２３と、駆動制御部２４とを備えている。 FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of the rotating electrical machine 1 according to the third embodiment. The rotating electrical machine 1 in FIG. 7 accumulates a fluid energy converter 21 that converts rotational energy of the rotating body 11 according to kinetic energy due to movement of the moving body 5 into fluid energy, and a pressure that corresponds to the converted fluid energy. A pressure accumulator 22, an energy transmission switching unit 23 that switches whether or not to transmit the rotational energy of the rotating body 11 according to the kinetic energy due to the movement of the moving body 5 to the fluid energy converter 21, and a drive control unit 24 are provided. ing.
　流体エネルギ変換器２１は、回転体１１の回転エネルギを、気体または液体からなる各種の流体のエネルギに変換する。より具体的には、流体エネルギ変換器２１は、回転体１１の回転エネルギを、風圧、蒸気圧、水圧、油圧などの流体エネルギに変換する。流体エネルギ変換器２１は、流体が気体の場合にはコンプレッサを有し、流体が水等の液体の場合にはポンプを有する。 The fluid energy converter 21 converts the rotational energy of the rotating body 11 into energy of various fluids made of gas or liquid. More specifically, the fluid energy converter 21 converts the rotational energy of the rotating body 11 into fluid energy such as wind pressure, vapor pressure, water pressure, and hydraulic pressure. The fluid energy converter 21 has a compressor when the fluid is a gas, and has a pump when the fluid is a liquid such as water.
　蓄圧器２２は、流体の圧力を蓄圧するアキュムレータである。流体エネルギ変換器２１が変換した流体エネルギが大きいほど、蓄圧器２２に蓄圧される流体の圧力は高くなる。蓄圧器２２には、後述するように弁が設けられており、この弁を閉じることで、蓄圧器２２に蓄圧された流体の圧力を保持する。 The pressure accumulator 22 is an accumulator that accumulates fluid pressure. The larger the fluid energy converted by the fluid energy converter 21, the higher the pressure of the fluid stored in the pressure accumulator 22. The accumulator 22 is provided with a valve as will be described later, and the pressure of the fluid accumulated in the accumulator 22 is held by closing the valve.
　エネルギ伝達切替器２３は、蓄圧器２２が最大圧力に達してそれ以上蓄圧できない場合に、流体エネルギ変換器２１の出力を解放するか、回転体１１との接続を物理的に切り離す。解放した流体エネルギは、例えば負荷１６を駆動するために用いられる。 The energy transfer switch 23 releases the output of the fluid energy converter 21 or physically disconnects the rotating body 11 when the pressure accumulator 22 reaches the maximum pressure and cannot accumulate pressure any more. The released fluid energy is used, for example, to drive the load 16.
　駆動制御部２４は、回転体１１の回転エネルギを流体エネルギ変換器２１にて流体エネルギに変換させ、変換された流体エネルギに応じた圧力を蓄圧器２２に蓄積する制御を行う。また、駆動制御部２４は、回転体１１が回転停止中に移動体５が回転または移動を開始した場合に、蓄圧器２２に蓄積された圧力を利用して、回転体１１に初期駆動力を付与する。 The drive control unit 24 controls the rotational energy of the rotating body 11 to be converted into fluid energy by the fluid energy converter 21 and accumulates the pressure corresponding to the converted fluid energy in the pressure accumulator 22. Further, the drive control unit 24 uses the pressure accumulated in the pressure accumulator 22 to apply an initial driving force to the rotating body 11 when the moving body 5 starts rotating or moving while the rotating body 11 stops rotating. Give.
　図８は図７の回転電機１のより詳細なブロック図であり、流体が気体の例を示している。図８の回転電機１は、エネルギ伝達切替器２３に対応するクラッチ２５と、流体エネルギ変換器２１に対応する圧縮器２６と、駆動制御部２４に対応する蓄放圧制御部２７と、圧縮器２６と蓄圧器２２との間で気体を開閉する第１弁２８と、圧縮器２６と蓄放圧制御部２７との間で気体を開閉する第２弁２９とを備えている。 FIG. 8 is a more detailed block diagram of the rotating electrical machine 1 of FIG. 7 and shows an example in which the fluid is a gas. The rotating electrical machine 1 of FIG. 8 includes a clutch 25 corresponding to the energy transfer switching unit 23, a compressor 26 corresponding to the fluid energy converter 21, a storage pressure release control unit 27 corresponding to the drive control unit 24, and a compressor. The first valve 28 that opens and closes the gas between the compressor 26 and the pressure accumulator 22 and the second valve 29 that opens and closes the gas between the compressor 26 and the accumulator / release pressure control unit 27 are provided.
　図８の回転電機１の始動時には、第１弁２８を閉から開に、第２弁２９を閉にして、クラッチ２５をオンする。これにより、蓄圧器２２に蓄圧された圧力により、圧縮器２６から気体が解放されて、その際の気圧により回転体１１に初期駆動力が付与される。 8 is started, the first valve 28 is opened from the closed state, the second valve 29 is closed, and the clutch 25 is turned on. Thereby, gas is released from the compressor 26 by the pressure accumulated in the pressure accumulator 22, and an initial driving force is applied to the rotating body 11 by the atmospheric pressure at that time.
　蓄圧器２２への蓄圧時は、始動時と同様に、第１弁２８を閉から開に、第２弁２９を閉にして、クラッチ２５をオンする。これにより、回転体１１の回転エネルギに応じて圧縮器２６は気体を圧縮し、その圧縮された気圧により蓄圧器２２は蓄圧処理を行う。 When accumulating pressure in the pressure accumulator 22, the first valve 28 is closed to open, the second valve 29 is closed, and the clutch 25 is turned on, as in the start-up. Thereby, the compressor 26 compresses gas according to the rotational energy of the rotating body 11, and the pressure accumulator 22 performs pressure accumulation processing by the compressed atmospheric pressure.
　蓄圧器２２への蓄圧を行わない通常時は、第１弁２８は閉に、第２弁２９は開に、クラッチ２５はオンする。あるいは、第１弁２８は閉に、第２弁２９は開または閉に、クラッチ２５はオフする。 During normal times when pressure accumulation in the pressure accumulator 22 is not performed, the first valve 28 is closed, the second valve 29 is opened, and the clutch 25 is turned on. Alternatively, the first valve 28 is closed, the second valve 29 is opened or closed, and the clutch 25 is turned off.
　蓄圧器２２に蓄圧されたエネルギが一定以上になると、それ以上蓄圧する必要はなくなる。この場合、回転体１１からのエネルギをできるだけ負荷のみに供給したい。そこで、まず第１弁２８を閉じて、蓄圧器２２に蓄圧されたエネルギを保持する。また、圧縮器２６が圧縮した気体を逃がすために第２弁２９を開いて、大気中に放出する。この状態では、蓄圧器２２は蓄圧処理を行わないため、圧縮器２６の回転による機械損や配管内を流体が流れることによる損失のみとなり、回転体１１からのエネルギが負荷に供給される。この場合、クラッチ２５をオフした方が、圧縮器２６の損失がなくなるため有利である。なお、第１弁２８と第２弁２９の機能をまとめた３方向弁を設けてもよい。 When the energy accumulated in the pressure accumulator 22 exceeds a certain level, it is no longer necessary to accumulate more pressure. In this case, it is desired to supply the energy from the rotator 11 only to the load as much as possible. Therefore, first, the first valve 28 is closed, and the energy accumulated in the pressure accumulator 22 is held. Further, the second valve 29 is opened to release the gas compressed by the compressor 26 and released into the atmosphere. In this state, since the pressure accumulator 22 does not perform pressure accumulation processing, only the mechanical loss due to the rotation of the compressor 26 and the loss due to the fluid flowing in the piping are caused, and the energy from the rotating body 11 is supplied to the load. In this case, it is advantageous to turn off the clutch 25 because the loss of the compressor 26 is eliminated. A three-way valve in which the functions of the first valve 28 and the second valve 29 are combined may be provided.
　図９は移動体５の移動による運動エネルギに応じた回転体１１の回転エネルギを弾性エネルギに変換して蓄積する回転電機１の概略構成を示すブロック図である。図９の回転電機１は、回転体１１の回転エネルギを弾性エネルギに変換して蓄積する弾性エネルギ蓄積器３１と、移動体５の移動による運動エネルギに応じた回転体１１の回転エネルギを弾性エネルギ蓄積器３１に伝達するか否かを切り替えるエネルギ伝達切替器３２と、駆動制御部３３とを備えている。 FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of the rotating electrical machine 1 that converts the rotational energy of the rotating body 11 corresponding to the kinetic energy generated by the movement of the moving body 5 into elastic energy and stores it. The rotating electrical machine 1 in FIG. 9 converts the rotational energy of the rotating body 11 into elastic energy and stores it, and the rotational energy of the rotating body 11 according to the kinetic energy due to the movement of the moving body 5 as the elastic energy. An energy transmission switching unit 32 that switches whether to transmit to the accumulator 31 and a drive control unit 33 are provided.
　弾性エネルギ蓄積器３１は、例えばぜんまいバネで構成可能である。また、ボールネジとバネやゴムなどの弾性部材とを組み合わせることで、回転体１１の回転方向を直線方向に変換して、弾性部材を伸縮させることができる。弾性部材を伸縮させた状態でロックさせる機構を設けることで、弾性部材の弾性エネルギを保持することができる。駆動制御部３３は、回転体１１の始動時には、弾性エネルギ蓄積器３１に蓄積された弾性エネルギを利用して、回転体１１に初期駆動力を付与する。 The elastic energy storage 31 can be constituted by a mainspring spring, for example. Further, by combining the ball screw and an elastic member such as a spring or rubber, the rotation direction of the rotating body 11 can be converted into a linear direction, and the elastic member can be expanded and contracted. By providing a mechanism that locks the elastic member in an expanded / contracted state, the elastic energy of the elastic member can be retained. The drive control unit 33 applies an initial driving force to the rotating body 11 using the elastic energy accumulated in the elastic energy accumulator 31 when the rotating body 11 is started.
　図１０は移動体５の移動による運動エネルギに応じた回転体１１の回転エネルギを位置エネルギに変換して蓄積する回転電機１の概略構成を示すブロック図である。図１０の回転電機１は、回転体１１の回転エネルギを位置エネルギに変換して蓄積する位置エネルギ蓄積器４１と、移動体５の移動による運動エネルギに応じた回転体１１の回転エネルギを位置エネルギ蓄積器４１に伝達するか否かを切り替えるエネルギ伝達切替器４２と、駆動制御部４３とを備えている。 FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of the rotating electrical machine 1 that converts the rotational energy of the rotating body 11 corresponding to the kinetic energy due to the movement of the moving body 5 into potential energy and accumulates it. The rotating electrical machine 1 of FIG. 10 converts the rotational energy of the rotating body 11 into potential energy and stores it, and the rotational energy of the rotating body 11 corresponding to the kinetic energy due to the movement of the moving body 5. An energy transmission switching unit 42 that switches whether to transmit to the accumulator 41 and a drive control unit 43 are provided.
　位置エネルギ蓄積器４１は、簡易な構成としては、滑車と錘を用いて構成することができる。例えば、滑車の回転軸２ａが回転体１１の回転軸２ａと同期して回転するようにする。これにより、回転体１１が回転すると、錘が持ち上がり、錘が持ち上がることによる位置エネルギが位置エネルギ蓄積部に蓄積される。持ち上がった錘をその位置に保持するロック機構を設けることで、位置エネルギを利用して、回転体１１に初期駆動力を付与することができる。 The potential energy storage 41 can be configured using a pulley and a weight as a simple configuration. For example, the rotating shaft 2a of the pulley is rotated in synchronization with the rotating shaft 2a of the rotating body 11. Thereby, when the rotating body 11 rotates, the weight is lifted, and the potential energy due to the lifting of the weight is accumulated in the potential energy accumulation unit. By providing a lock mechanism that holds the lifted weight in that position, an initial driving force can be applied to the rotating body 11 using potential energy.
　このように、第３の実施形態は、移動体５の移動による運動エネルギに応じた回転体１１の回転エネルギを、電気エネルギ以外のエネルギの形態で蓄積して、蓄積されたエネルギを動力源として、回転体１１に初期駆動力を付与する。これにより、第２の実施形態と同様に、外部電源を確保できない場所であっても、回転体１１に初期駆動力を付与でき、回転体１１の回転効率を向上できる。 As described above, in the third embodiment, the rotational energy of the rotating body 11 corresponding to the kinetic energy due to the movement of the moving body 5 is accumulated in the form of energy other than electric energy, and the accumulated energy is used as a power source. The initial driving force is applied to the rotating body 11. Thereby, similarly to the second embodiment, even when the external power supply cannot be secured, the initial driving force can be applied to the rotating body 11 and the rotation efficiency of the rotating body 11 can be improved.
　本発明の態様は、上述した個々の実施形態に限定されるものではなく、当業者が想到しうる種々の変形も含むものであり、本発明の効果も上述した内容に限定されない。すなわち、特許請求の範囲に規定された内容およびその均等物から導き出される本発明の概念的な思想と趣旨を逸脱しない範囲で種々の追加、変更および部分的削除が可能である。 The aspects of the present invention are not limited to the individual embodiments described above, but include various modifications that can be conceived by those skilled in the art, and the effects of the present invention are not limited to the contents described above. That is, various additions, modifications, and partial deletions can be made without departing from the concept and spirit of the present invention derived from the contents defined in the claims and equivalents thereof.
　１　回転電機、２　永久磁石、３　コイル、４　ヨーク、５　移動体、１１　回転体、１２　初期駆動力付与部、１３　モータ発電機兼用装置、１４　蓄電器、１５　駆動制御部、２１　流体エネルギ変換器、２２　蓄圧器、２３　エネルギ伝達切替器、２４　駆動制御部、２５　クラッチ、２６　圧縮器、２７　蓄放圧制御部、２８　第１弁、２９　第２弁、３１　弾性エネルギ蓄積器、３２　エネルギ伝達切替器、３３　駆動制御部、４１
　位置エネルギ蓄積器、４２　エネルギ伝達切替器、４３　駆動制御部 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Rotating electrical machine, 2 Permanent magnet, 3 Coils, 4 Yoke, 5 Moving body, 11 Rotating body, 12 Initial drive force provision part, 13 Motor generator combined use device, 14 Accumulator, 15 Drive control part, 21 Fluid energy converter, 22 accumulator, 23 energy transfer switch, 24 drive control unit, 25 clutch, 26 compressor, 27 accumulator pressure release control unit, 28 first valve, 29 second valve, 31 elastic energy store, 32 energy transfer switch 33 Drive controller, 41
Position energy storage, 42 Energy transfer switching unit, 43 Drive controller

Claims (10)

  1. 　回転または移動する導体である移動体の一主面上に離隔して対向配置され、前記移動体の回転または移動方向に応じて発生するローレンツ力によって所定の回転軸回りに回転する永久磁石を有する回転体と、
    　前記回転体が回転停止中に前記移動体が回転または移動を開始した場合に、前記回転体に初期回転駆動力を付与する初期駆動力付与部と、を備える、回転電機。     There is a permanent magnet that is disposed oppositely on one main surface of a moving body that is a conductor that rotates or moves, and rotates around a predetermined rotation axis by a Lorentz force generated according to the rotation or movement direction of the moving body. A rotating body,
    A rotating electrical machine comprising: an initial driving force applying unit that applies an initial rotational driving force to the rotating body when the moving body starts rotating or moving while the rotating body stops rotating.
  2. 　前記初期回転駆動力は、前記移動体と前記永久磁石との相対的な形状および位置関係により前記永久磁石に発生するコギングトルクに対抗する力である、請求項１に記載の回転電機。 The rotating electrical machine according to claim 1, wherein the initial rotational driving force is a force that opposes cogging torque generated in the permanent magnet due to a relative shape and positional relationship between the moving body and the permanent magnet.
  3. 　電気エネルギを蓄電する蓄電器を備え、
    　前記初期駆動力付与部は、前記蓄電器に蓄電された前記電気エネルギを利用して、前記初期回転駆動力を付与する、請求項１または２に記載の回転電機。     It has a battery that stores electrical energy,
    The rotating electrical machine according to claim 1, wherein the initial driving force applying unit applies the initial rotational driving force by using the electric energy stored in the capacitor.
  4. 　前記回転体の回転による運動エネルギを電気エネルギに変換する発電部を備え、
    　前記蓄電器は、前記発電部で変換された前記電気エネルギの少なくとも一部を蓄電する、請求項３に記載の回転電機。     A power generation unit that converts kinetic energy generated by rotation of the rotating body into electrical energy;
    The rotating electrical machine according to claim 3, wherein the battery stores at least a part of the electric energy converted by the power generation unit.
  5. 　前記回転体が回転停止中に前記移動体が回転または移動を開始した場合に、前記蓄電器に蓄電された前記電気エネルギを放電させて前記初期駆動力付与部に供給し、前記回転体が回転を開始した後は前記発電部が変換した前記電気エネルギを前記蓄電器に充電させる充放電制御部を備える、請求項４に記載の回転電機。 When the moving body starts rotating or moving while the rotating body stops rotating, the electric energy stored in the capacitor is discharged and supplied to the initial driving force applying unit, and the rotating body rotates. The rotating electrical machine according to claim 4, further comprising a charge / discharge control unit that charges the electric accumulator with the electric energy converted by the power generation unit after starting.
  6. 　前記発電部および前記初期駆動力付与部は、一体に構成されたモータ発電機兼用装置である、請求項４または５に記載の回転電機。 The rotating electrical machine according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the power generation unit and the initial driving force application unit are a motor generator combined device configured integrally.
  7. 　前記初期駆動力付与部は、電気力および磁気力の少なくとも一つを利用して、前記回転体に前記初期回転駆動力を付与する、請求項１乃至６のいずれか一項に記載の回転電機。 The rotating electrical machine according to claim 1, wherein the initial driving force applying unit applies the initial rotating driving force to the rotating body using at least one of an electric force and a magnetic force. .
  8. 　前記初期駆動力付与部は、流体エネルギ、機械エネルギおよび位置エネルギの少なくとも一つを利用して、前記回転体に前記初期回転駆動力を付与する、請求項１乃至７のいずれか一項に記載の回転電機。 The said initial driving force provision part applies the said initial rotational driving force to the said rotary body using at least one of fluid energy, mechanical energy, and positional energy. Rotating electric machine.
  9. 　前記回転体は、前記移動体の前記一主面上に前記永久磁石からの磁束の変化を妨げる方向に発生される渦電流に基づいて前記永久磁石に働く反発力および誘引力により、前記第１回転軸周りに回転する、請求項１乃至８のいずれか一項に記載の回転電機。 The rotating body has the first repulsive force and the attractive force acting on the permanent magnet based on an eddy current generated in a direction that prevents a change in magnetic flux from the permanent magnet on the one main surface of the moving body. The rotating electrical machine according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the rotating electrical machine rotates around a rotation axis.
  10. 　回転または移動する導体である移動体の一主面上に離隔して対向配置され、前記移動体の回転または移動方向に応じて発生するローレンツ力によって所定の回転軸回りに回転する永久磁石を有する回転体と、
    　前記回転体の回転による運動エネルギを電気エネルギに変換する発電部と、
    　前記移動体が回転または移動中に前記回転体が停止している場合に、前記回転体に初期回転駆動力を付与する初期駆動力付与部と、を備える非接触発電機。     There is a permanent magnet that is disposed oppositely on one main surface of a moving body that is a conductor that rotates or moves, and rotates around a predetermined rotation axis by a Lorentz force generated according to the rotation or movement direction of the moving body. A rotating body,
    A power generation unit that converts kinetic energy generated by rotation of the rotating body into electrical energy;
    A non-contact generator comprising: an initial driving force applying unit that applies an initial rotational driving force to the rotating body when the rotating body is rotating or stopped while the moving body is rotating.
PCT/JP2017/026532 2016-09-12 2017-07-21 Rotary electric machine and non-contact generator WO2018047483A1 (en)

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JP4024687B2 (en) * 2003-02-06 2007-12-19 サクサ株式会社 Hydraulic equipment and power generation equipment
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