WO2018045746A1 - 强岩溶高富水城市浅埋隧道悬臂掘进机施工工法 - Google Patents

强岩溶高富水城市浅埋隧道悬臂掘进机施工工法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018045746A1
WO2018045746A1 PCT/CN2017/079460 CN2017079460W WO2018045746A1 WO 2018045746 A1 WO2018045746 A1 WO 2018045746A1 CN 2017079460 W CN2017079460 W CN 2017079460W WO 2018045746 A1 WO2018045746 A1 WO 2018045746A1
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Prior art keywords
roadheader
construction
face
excavation
tunnel
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PCT/CN2017/079460
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王均
龙中皇
孙泽顺
王文轩
张岳
胡忠飞
涂文良
黄磊
贺培培
李鹏举
王振宇
张佳祺
胡志超
赵君君
刘占中
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中铁二十四局集团南昌铁路工程有限公司
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Application filed by 中铁二十四局集团南昌铁路工程有限公司 filed Critical 中铁二十四局集团南昌铁路工程有限公司
Priority to EA201800133A priority Critical patent/EA037864B1/ru
Priority to DE212017000027.9U priority patent/DE212017000027U1/de
Publication of WO2018045746A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018045746A1/zh
Priority to ZA2018/02021A priority patent/ZA201802021B/en

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
    • E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/12—Devices for removing or hauling away excavated material or spoil; Working or loading platforms
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/12—Devices for removing or hauling away excavated material or spoil; Working or loading platforms
    • E21D9/126—Loading devices or installations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
    • G01V3/15—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation specially adapted for use during transport, e.g. by a person, vehicle or boat
    • G01V3/17—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation specially adapted for use during transport, e.g. by a person, vehicle or boat operating with electromagnetic waves

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of tunnel excavation technology, in particular to a construction method of a cantilever roadheader for a shallow burial tunnel in a strong karst high water-rich city.
  • the present invention provides a construction method for a shallow burial tunnel cantilever roadheader in a high-karst high-water-rich city, the purpose of which is to realize tunnel excavation work under complicated landforms, and has less impact on the surrounding environment, and the safety is relatively better. high.
  • the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
  • a construction method for a cantilever roadheader for a shallow burial tunnel in a strong karst high water-rich city comprising the following steps:
  • S1 performing measurement and positioning of the excavation face, and then performing geological survey using an advanced geological prediction system
  • step S2 advance drilling or geological drilling is performed to find out whether a cave is distributed within a certain range in front of the face of the face, and if so, the position and size of the cave are determined, and the water is drained and grouted to block the filling, and then Excavation and excavation; if not, direct excavation and excavation.
  • step S2 during the excavation process, the ground monitoring is continuously arranged during the construction of the tunneling machine, and the monitoring data is used for dynamic feedback to control the excavation length of each tunneling cycle.
  • step S2 ventilation and exhaust dust removal operations are continuously performed during the construction process of the roadheader, the ventilation is carried out by press-in ventilation, and the exhaust air is exhausted by a dust remover.
  • step S1 the survey of the advanced geological prediction system includes:
  • Advanced horizontal drilling During construction, 4 holes are arranged in each section of the face and a hole is taken in one hole.
  • the detection hole is 15m in one cycle, and the length of the single hole is 20m.
  • the connection length is 5m;
  • Geological radar 5 lines are arranged on the face of the face, one cycle every 15m, the detection depth is 20m, and the adjacent two overlaps are 5m;
  • Infrared water exploration 20 points are arranged on the face of the face, one cycle every 20m, the detection depth is 25m, and the adjacent two overlaps are 5m.
  • the invention provides a construction method of a cantilever roadheader for a shallow burial tunnel in a strong karst high water-rich city, and the beneficial effect thereof is that the cantilever roadhead adopts one layer of stripping rock layer to excavate, which has less influence on the surrounding area and improves construction safety. And quality, while improving construction efficiency and reducing construction costs.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a cutting mode of a roadheader for a construction method of a shallow burial tunnel cantilever roadhead for a strong karst high-rich water city provided by the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a conversion diagram of a construction process of a roadheader for a construction method of a shallow burial tunnel cantilever roadhead for a strong karst high water-rich city provided by the present invention
  • the invention provides a construction method for a cantilever roadheader of a shallow burial tunnel in a strong karst high water-rich city, comprising the following steps:
  • S1 performing measurement and positioning of the excavation face, and then performing geological survey using an advanced geological prediction system
  • the excavation is carried out by means of a layer of exfoliated rock layer by the cantilever road boring machine, which has less influence on the periphery, improves construction safety and quality, improves construction efficiency and reduces construction cost.
  • the model of the roadheader can be determined according to the parameters of the full section height, width and rock hardness.
  • the full section height is 5.73m
  • the width is 6.62m
  • the rock hardness is 30MPa to 60MPa.
  • the method of cutting by the cantilever roadheader can be adopted, and the cantilever type roadheader is in place. After that, a groove is cut horizontally from the bottom of the face of the face, and the roadheader is moved forward again. After the position, the cutting head adopts a bottom-up, left-right cycle cutting, and the cutting blade jaws will be cut while cutting.
  • the down conveyor is loaded into the first transporter, the first transporter is transferred to the second transporter, the second transporter is directly loaded out of the brake out of the hole, and then excavated from the bottom to the top, and then the second trimming is performed to achieve accurate Design section, when the hard rock is partially encountered, the hardness is more than 100MPa.
  • the surrounding soft rock can be excavated first, so that the large hard rock falls, so as to reduce the difficulty of excavation and the consumption of picks.
  • the cutting method of the cantilever tunneling machine is from the sweep. The bottom begins to cut, and then the above part is cut step by step according to the cutting path of the S-shaped or Z-shaped circulation.
  • a right-handed cutting head can be used to cut the hard rock, starting from the right to the left and cutting from the bottom, and then pressing from left to right, bottom to top or from right to right. Left and top-down cuttings are carried out. If the joints develop well rock, they should be gradually cut along the rock joint direction.
  • Different sizes of rock can be customized for different hardness and reasonable picking spiral line to ensure better cutting ability and self-cleaning function.
  • the best cutting head can be selected according to actual working conditions. Construction efficiency, when there is a hard rock in the local, the small diameter cutting head can be used, the cutting force is large, and the rock breaking ability is strong, so as to reduce the difficulty of excavation and the consumption of picks.
  • the over-excavation control of the cantilever roadheader is required. Due to the complicated tunnel construction environment, the construction method of the non-blasting excavation of the roadheader is adopted. During the excavation process of the roadheader, the instrument cannot be set up for measurement, so it is necessary to guide the opening.
  • a ring laser pointer can be installed in the part where the tunnel has been completed, and the direction of the laser pointer is adjusted before the excavation, so that the laser shines to the face of the face to guide the excavation, and according to the tunnel line type Appropriate adjustments
  • the distance between the laser pointing device and the face of the hand can be used to control the over-under-excavation, reduce the spray mixing, and save costs, which plays a guiding role in the control of tunneling.
  • step S3 in order to improve the construction environment inside the tunnel and reduce the labor intensity of the worker, a small excavator and a dump truck are arranged at the rear of the roadheader to cooperate with the roadheader to slag, and the roadheader transports the cut muck through the claws.
  • the conveyor belt is transported to the rear of the roadheader, and the excavator is shipped to the dump truck for delivery, providing timely construction site for the excavation of the roadheader.
  • step S4 after the contour of the face is trimmed, the self-made gantry is used to carry out the standing work on the excavated part.
  • the self-made initial support stand is 6m long, 5m wide and 5m high, and is processed by I18 I-beam. It is divided into upper and lower working platforms.
  • the rig Before excavation, the rig is used to dig the top of the rig to the rear of the excavation work surface. After the excavation of the face is completed, the boring machine is withdrawn, and the rig is used to rig the rig. Top to the working surface of the stand to ensure that the boring machine is withdrawn after the stand is stable.
  • the roadheader pushes the initial support frame into position, and the roadheader retracts to the cross channel and turns to the left and right extensions for excavation.
  • the left middle and right center perform the vertical frame and sneeze operation.
  • the digging is completed to ensure the connection between the various processes in the tunnel. If the excavation distance of a certain face is up to the relevant requirements, the excavator enters the other face after excavation is completed on one face. Inverted arch excavation, if the other face is also required, the same method is used for the conversion operation.
  • step S2 the ground monitoring is continuously performed during the tunneling process during the tunneling process, and the monitoring data is used for dynamic feedback to control the excavation length of each tunneling cycle.
  • step S2 ventilation and exhaust dust removal operations are continuously performed during the construction process of the roadheader, the ventilation is carried out by press-in ventilation, and the exhaust is exhausted by the dust collector, because the cantilever roadheader will be in the process of tunneling. A large amount of dust is generated, and the conventional press-in ventilation causes the dust to be blown into the tunnel.
  • the tunnel has been in a state of high dust concentration, so as to ensure that the construction workers are not affected by dust during the tunnel construction process.
  • the tunnel has a good construction environment.
  • the spray equipment on the cutting head of the roadheader cannot meet the requirements of the construction work environment.
  • a 22KW dust-removing fan is transformed from the original press-in ventilation to the combination of the press-in type and the pull-out type.
  • the arrangement position of the dust-removing fan is mainly determined by the following methods:
  • the dust-removing fan can absorb a large amount of dirty air through the air suction port in the tunnel, and filter the dust in the dirty air through the internal dust-removing device, and discharge the fresh air to realize the capture of the dust in the tunnel, and the powerful airflow of the air suction port of the dust-removing fan
  • a partial negative pressure zone will be formed around, and the existence of the partial negative pressure zone plays an important role in the confluence of dirty air.
  • the calculation formula of the effective suction stroke through the tuyere convergence is: Taking the cross-sectional area of the tunnel is 38m 2 , the effective suction stroke of the dust removal fan is about 18.6m.
  • the fresh air volume is 6 to 8m 3 /s
  • the tuyere diameter is 1.2m
  • the inlet air velocity is about 6m. /s
  • the air outlet of the dust removal fan has a flow rate of 4m 3 /s
  • the diameter of the air outlet is 0.6m
  • the air flow rate of the air outlet is as high as 14.1m/s.
  • the partial negative pressure is very obvious. This is also the basis for the confluence of the dust removal fan. Control dust in the tunnel area as small as possible, only need to ensure that its effective suction can cover the tail of the machine. Therefore, the dust removal fan is arranged at the position of about 18m behind the cantilever roadheader. The effect is better according to the actual situation.
  • the wind pressure of the tunnel fan is 1.5 times of the wind pressure of the dust removal fan, and the dust removal fan is placed at a position 30m away from the face of the dust, which has the best dust removal effect.
  • step S1 the survey of the advanced geological prediction system includes:
  • Advanced horizontal drilling During construction, 4 holes are arranged in each section of the face and a hole is taken in one hole.
  • the detection hole is 15m in one cycle, the length of the single hole is 20m, and the length of the overlap between adjacent detection holes is 5m;
  • Geological radar 5 lines are arranged on the face of the face, one cycle every 15m, the detection depth is 20m, and the adjacent two overlaps are 5m;
  • Infrared water exploration 20 points are arranged on the face of the face, one cycle every 20m, the detection depth is 25m, and the adjacent two overlaps are 5m.
  • the tunnel is in a high karst and high water-rich area, it is more difficult in the excavation process than the general section. It is necessary to determine the appropriate cutting method based on the results of the advanced geological prediction system. According to the detection results, the detection result in front of the face is abnormal.
  • the general excavation method is: drill a small hole from the abnormal position, and then circle in the form of a spiral It is expanded to ensure that the surrounding rock is greatly disturbed during the excavation process, and accidents such as unpredictable muddy water are prevented.
  • the utility model has wide application range, and can be applied to a construction environment where the surrounding environment is relatively complicated, the construction roadway where the roadway or the tunnel is worn or worn down, such as buildings, rivers, roads, etc., and the blasting excavation cannot be used for various reasons. Similar to tunnel engineering.
  • the cantilever roadheader is used as the rock excavation machine to carry out tunnel excavation.
  • the degree of mechanization is higher than that of the drilling and blasting method. There is no blasting vibration on the ground, and the disturbance to the ground is extremely small.

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Abstract

公开一种强岩溶高富水城市浅埋隧道悬臂掘进机施工工法，包括以下步骤：进行开挖掌子面的测量定位，然后利用超前地质预报系统进行地质勘测；采用悬臂掘进机及其上面的截齿对岩体进行开挖；当渣石积累到一定量时，在掘进机后方采用挖掘机装料，利用运输车或皮带机将渣石运至竖井集料斗内，再通过料斗提升至地面；掘进机完成一个开挖循环后，将其退至掌子面后方一定距离，后施做锚杆，架设钢桁架；进行喷射混凝土初衬施工，封闭开挖的岩面；进行二衬混凝土浇筑施工，形成成型隧道。通过悬臂掘进机采用一层层剥离岩层的方式开挖，对周边的影响较小，提高施工安全及质量，同时提高了施工效率，降低了施工成本。

Description

强岩溶高富水城市浅埋隧道悬臂掘进机施工工法 技术领域
本发明涉及隧道挖掘技术领域，尤其涉及一种强岩溶高富水城市浅埋隧道悬臂掘进机施工工法。
背景技术
现今地铁施工已在各大城市普遍开展，针对不同地区水文地质条件的不同，隧道掘进的施工工法也在日益完善，尤其是在城市繁华地段，地质条件复杂、房屋建筑密集、车流量大、人口众多的情况下，为确保在施工过程中的施工安全及周边环境安全，减少对周边居民及建筑物的影响，在隧道挖掘中，如果隧道处于典型的喀斯特地貌地区，施工过程中遇溶洞概率很大，突泥涌水现象时常发生，岩石的完整性也很差，隧道所处地段为高岩溶、高富水地段，地质条件相当复杂，施工安全风险大，技术难度高，因此，需研究出一种适用于复杂地质环境下城市浅埋隧道的施工方法，解决在城市复杂地质环境下地铁施工困难的问题。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种强岩溶高富水城市浅埋隧道悬臂掘进机施工工法，其目的是在复杂地貌下可以实现隧道挖掘工作，且对周边环境影响较小，安全性较高。
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供以下技术方案：
一种强岩溶高富水城市浅埋隧道悬臂掘进机施工工法，包括以下步骤：
S1：进行开挖掌子面的测量定位，然后利用超前地质预报系统进行地质勘测；
S2：采用悬臂掘进机及其上面的截齿对岩体进行开挖，并利用掘进机自带的排渣装置完成渣石的初次排出；
S3：当渣石积累到一定量时，在掘进机后方采用挖掘机装料，利用运输车或皮带机将渣石运至竖井集料斗内，再通过料斗或其它垂直运输装置提升至地面；
S4：掘进机完成一个开挖循环后，将其退至掌子面后方一定距离，后施做锚杆，架设钢桁架；
S5：进行喷射混凝土初衬施工，封闭开挖的岩面，完成初期支护；
S6：进行二衬混凝土浇筑施工，形成成型隧道。
进一步地，在S2步骤之前，进行超前钻孔或地质钻探，探明掌子面前方一定范围内是否分布溶洞，若是，确定溶洞位置和大小，对其采取泄水和注浆封堵填充，再掘进开挖；若否，直接进行掘进开挖。
进一步地，在步骤S2中，掘进机开挖过程中在下穿施工时不断布设地面监测，以监测数据进行动态反馈，控制每次掘进循环的开挖长度。
进一步地，在步骤S2中，在掘进机施工过程中不断进行通风和抽风除尘操作，通风采用压入式通风，抽风采用除尘机抽风。
进一步地，在步骤S1中，超前地质预报系统勘测包括：
a、超前水平钻孔：施工时掌子面每个断面布设4个探孔并一孔取岩心，探测孔15m一个循环，单孔长度20m，相邻探测孔之间的搭 接长度为5m；
b、地质雷达：掌子面布置5条线，每15m一个循环，探测深度20m，相邻两次搭接5m；
c、红外探水：掌子面布置20个点，每20m一个循环，探测深度25m，相邻两次搭接5m。
本发明提供了一种强岩溶高富水城市浅埋隧道悬臂掘进机施工工法，其有益效果在于：通过悬臂掘进机采用一层层剥离岩层的方式开挖，对周边的影响较小，提高施工安全及质量，同时提高了施工效率，降低了施工成本。
附图说明
图1为本发明提供的强岩溶高富水城市浅埋隧道悬臂掘进机施工工法的掘进机的一种切割方式示意图；
图2为本发明提供的强岩溶高富水城市浅埋隧道悬臂掘进机施工工法的掘进机施工工序转换图；
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施实例中的附图，对本发明实施实例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施实例仅仅是本发明一部分实施实例，而不是全部的实施实例。基于本发明中的实施实例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施实例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明提供了一种强岩溶高富水城市浅埋隧道悬臂掘进机施工工法，包括以下步骤：
S1：进行开挖掌子面的测量定位，然后利用超前地质预报系统进行地质勘测；
S2：采用悬臂掘进机及其上面的截齿对岩体进行开挖，并利用掘进机自带的排渣装置完成渣石的初次排出；
S3：当渣石积累到一定量时，在掘进机后方采用挖掘机装料，利用运输车或皮带机将渣石运至竖井集料斗内，再通过料斗或其它垂直运输装置提升至地面；
S4：掘进机完成一个开挖循环后，将其退至掌子面后方一定距离，后施做锚杆，架设钢桁架；
S5：进行喷射混凝土初衬施工，封闭开挖的岩面，完成初期支护；
S6：进行二衬混凝土浇筑施工，形成成型隧道。
通过上述步骤，使得通过悬臂掘进机采用一层层剥离岩层的方式开挖，对周边的影响较小，提高施工安全及质量，同时提高了施工效率，降低了施工成本。
在S2步骤之前，进行超前钻孔或地质钻探，探明掌子面前方一定范围内是否分布溶洞，若是，确定溶洞位置和大小，对其采取泄水和注浆封堵填充，再掘进开挖；若否，直接进行掘进开挖。
在掘进机的选型上，可以根据全断面高度、宽度和岩石硬度几个参数确定掘进机的型号，例如：全断面高度为5.73m，宽度为6.62m，岩石硬度为30MPa至60MPa，根据这几个参数，可采用型号为EBZ260的掘进机。
在挖掘时可采取悬臂掘进机截割的方式，在悬臂式掘进机就位 后，开始从掌子面底部水平切削出一条槽，向前移动掘进机再一次就位，就位后截割头采取自下而上、左右循环切削，在切削同时铲板部耙爪将切削下来的碴装入第一运输机，第一运输机转运至第二运输机，第二运输机直接装入出碴车运出洞外，再从底部开挖到顶部完成后，进行二次修整以达到准确的设计断面，当局部遇有硬岩时，硬度大于100MPa，可先掘周围软岩，使大块硬岩坠落，以降低掘进难度及截齿消耗量，悬臂式掘进机的截割方式是从扫底开始截割，再按S型或Z型左右循环向上的截割路线逐级截割以上部分。
如图1所示，在实际中可选用右旋截割头截割硬岩，先由右向左从扫底开始截割，再按从左至右、自下往上的方式或从右往左、自上而下逐步进行截割，如遇节理发育较好岩石，则应选择沿岩石节理方向逐步切割。
针对不同硬度的岩石可定制不同的截齿以及合理的截齿螺旋线排布，确保机器有更好的掘削能力，并具有自洁功能，可根据实际工况条件选择最佳截割头，提高施工效率，当局部遇有硬岩时，可以选用小直径切割头，切割力大，破岩能力强，以降低掘进难度及截齿消耗量。
在挖掘过程中，需要进行悬臂掘进机超欠挖控制，由于隧道施工环境复杂，采用掘进机非爆破开挖的施工方法，在掘进机开挖过程中无法全程架设仪器进行测量，因此需要引导开挖方向，为此，可在隧道已初支完成的部分安装一环激光指向仪，在开挖前调整激光指向仪的方向，让激光照到掌子面处指导开挖，同时根据隧道线型适当调整 激光指向仪距掌子面的距离，采用上述方法可以较好地控制超欠挖，减少喷混料，同时节约成本，对隧道掘进的控制起到一个指导性的作用。
步骤S3中，为改善洞内施工环境，降低工人劳动强度，在掘进机后部配置一台小型挖掘机和翻斗车配合掘进机出渣，掘进机将截割下来的渣土通过耙爪装运上传送带，转运至掘进机尾部，挖机装运至翻斗车上运出，为掘进机开挖及时提供施工场地。
步骤S4中，在对掌子面轮廓线修整后，需采用自制台架对已开挖的部分进行立架作业，自制初支台架长6m、宽5m、高5m，采用I18工字钢加工而成，分为上下两个工作平台，开挖前先将台架用掘进机顶至开挖作业面后部，待掌子面开挖完成后将掘进机退出，同时用掘进机将台架顶至立架作业面，保证台架稳定后将掘进机退出。
其中，如图2所示，由于掘进机尺寸比较大，在隧道内刚好能行走，如果掘进机在一个掌子面开挖完成后仍然停在该掌子面，掘进机的工效将达不到预期的效果，同时还严重影响掌子面立架、喷砼工作，因此，可对隧道内各道工序之间进行合理的转换，保证施工进度，确保充分利用掘进机，充分发挥掘进机的工作效率，同时在此过程中需注意对掘进机的保养工作，避免机械损坏造成不必要的时间浪费，具体实现方法为：两台掘进机分别安排在左中、右中进行开挖，当掘进机开挖完成，掘进机将初支台架顶推到位后，掘进机退回至横通道处掉头分别进入左延、右延进行开挖，同时左中、右中进行立架和喷砼作业，基本保证立架、喷砼的时间段内掘进机能将另外一个掌子面开 挖完成，保证隧道内各工序之间的衔接，若某个掌子面的仰拱开挖距离达到相关要求时，掘进机在一个掌子面进行开挖完成后，进入另一个掌子面进行仰拱开挖，若另一个掌子面也达到要求时，采取同样的方法进行转换作业。
一种较佳的实施方式中，在步骤S2中，掘进机开挖过程中在下穿施工时不断布设地面监测，以监测数据进行动态反馈，控制每次掘进循环的开挖长度。
一种较佳的实施方式中，在步骤S2中，在掘进机施工过程中不断进行通风和抽风除尘操作，通风采用压入式通风，抽风采用除尘机抽风，由于悬臂掘进机在掘进过程中会产生大量粉尘，采用常规的压入式通风会使粉尘吹到隧道里面，在掘进机开挖过程中，隧道内一直处于粉尘浓度高的状态，为保证隧道施工过程中施工人员不受粉尘侵袭，使得隧道内有一个良好的施工环境，采用掘进机截割头上的喷淋设备不能满足施工作业环境要求，需在悬臂掘进机掘进过程中对粉尘浓度采取有效的措施，如在掘进机后方增加一台22KW的除尘风机，从原来的压入式通风转变成压入式和抽出式相结合的方式，除尘风机的布置位置主要采用下列方法确定：
除尘风机在隧道内能通过吸风口吸收大量的污浊空气，并通过自身内部的除尘装置过滤污浊空气中的粉尘，并将新鲜空气排出，实现对隧道内粉尘的捕捉，除尘风机吸风口的强大气流会在周围形成局部负压区，局部负压区的存在对于污浊空气的汇流有重要作用，通过风口汇流有效吸程的计算式为：
Figure PCTCN2017079460-appb-000001
取隧道断面面积为38m2，可 得到除尘风机的有效吸程约为18.6m，在实际通风设计中，压入新风量为6至8m3/s，风口直径1.2m，压入口风速约为6m/s，而除尘风机的吸风口流量为4m3/s，风口直径0.6m，风口的空气流速高达14.1m/s，局部负压作用十分明显，这也是除尘风机汇流作用的基础，为了尽可能控制粉尘在尽可能小的隧道区域，只需保证其有效吸程能够覆盖住机体尾部，因此，除尘风机布置在悬臂式掘进机后方约18m的位置效果较好，根据实际情况调整计算，可确定隧道风机风压为除尘风机风压的1.5倍，且将除尘风机安放在距掌子面30m位置处，起到的除尘效果最好。
一种较佳的实施方式中，在步骤S1中，超前地质预报系统勘测包括：
a、超前水平钻孔：施工时掌子面每个断面布设4个探孔并一孔取岩心，探测孔15m一个循环，单孔长度20m，相邻探测孔之间的搭接长度为5m；
b、地质雷达：掌子面布置5条线，每15m一个循环，探测深度20m，相邻两次搭接5m；
c、红外探水：掌子面布置20个点，每20m一个循环，探测深度25m，相邻两次搭接5m。
由于在隧道处于高岩溶、高富水地区，开挖过程中较一般地段难度较大，需结合超前地质预报系统的结果确定合适的截割方式，根据探测结果，在掌子面前方探测结果显示异常的地段开挖过程中，一般的开挖方法为：从异常位置钻一个小孔，然后以螺旋的形式一圈圈往 外扩大，以保证掘进过程中尽量减少对前方围岩造成大的扰动，防止无预测性的突泥涌水等事故发生。
本发明的适用范围较广，可适用于施工周边环境比较复杂，巷道或隧道侧穿或下穿建筑物、河流、道路等安全风险较大的施工段落以及由于各种原因不能采用爆破开挖施工的类似隧道工程。
本发明的优势在于：
1、以悬臂掘进机作为岩体开挖机械，进行隧道开挖，机械化程度较钻爆法高，地面无爆破振动，对地层的扰动极小。
2、悬臂掘进机开挖与锚杆打设，喷射混凝土，钢桁(拱)架的架设衔接施工，依次进行，完成隧道开挖和初期支护。
3、悬臂掘进机开挖与地质预报结合，采用超前钻探以及物探方法确定前方的地质状况，为溶洞的提前处理和施工提供支持。
4、采用移动式激光导向的掌子面定位技术，保证掌子面位置的准确性。
5、紧密结合现场监测，动态调整掘进机施工速度，保证周围建筑物的安全。
以上所述，仅为本发明的较佳实施实例，并不用以限制本发明，凡是依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何细微修改、等同替换和改进，均应包含在本发明技术方案的保护范围之内。

Claims (5)

  1. 一种强岩溶高富水城市浅埋隧道悬臂掘进机施工工法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    S1：进行开挖掌子面的测量定位，然后利用超前地质预报系统进行地质勘测；
    S2：采用悬臂掘进机及其上面的截齿对岩体进行开挖，并利用掘进机自带的排渣装置完成渣石的初次排出；
    S3：当渣石积累到一定量时，在掘进机后方采用挖掘机装料，利用运输车或皮带机将渣石运至竖井集料斗内，再通过料斗或其它垂直运输装置提升至地面；
    S4：掘进机完成一个开挖循环后，将其退至掌子面后方一定距离，后施做锚杆，架设钢桁架；
    S5：进行喷射混凝土初衬施工，封闭开挖的岩面，完成初期支护；
    S6：进行二衬混凝土浇筑施工，形成成型隧道。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的强岩溶高富水城市浅埋隧道悬臂掘进机施工工法，其特征在于，在S2步骤之前，进行超前钻孔或地质钻探，探明掌子面前方一定范围内是否分布溶洞，若是，确定溶洞位置和大小，对其采取泄水和注浆封堵填充，再掘进开挖；若否，直接进行掘进开挖。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的强岩溶高富水城市浅埋隧道悬臂掘进机施工工法，其特征在于，在步骤S2中，掘进机开挖过程中在下穿施工时不断布设地面监测，以监测数据进行动态反馈，控制每次掘进循环的开挖长度。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的强岩溶高富水城市浅埋隧道悬臂掘进机施工工法，其特征在于，在步骤S2中，在掘进机施工过程中不断进行通风和抽风除尘操作，通风采用压入式通风，抽风采用除尘机抽风。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的强岩溶高富水城市浅埋隧道悬臂掘进机施工工法，其特征在于，在步骤S1中，超前地质预报系统勘测包括：
    a、超前水平钻孔：施工时掌子面每个断面布设4个探孔并一孔取岩心，探测孔15m一个循环，单孔长度20m，相邻探测孔之间的搭接长度为5m；
    b、地质雷达：掌子面布置5条线，每15m一个循环，探测深度20m，相邻两次搭接5m；
    c、红外探水：掌子面布置20个点，每20m一个循环，探测深度25m，相邻两次搭接5m。
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