WO2018041370A1 - Procédé de décharge d'un accumulateur d'énergie électrique - Google Patents

Procédé de décharge d'un accumulateur d'énergie électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018041370A1
WO2018041370A1 PCT/EP2016/070832 EP2016070832W WO2018041370A1 WO 2018041370 A1 WO2018041370 A1 WO 2018041370A1 EP 2016070832 W EP2016070832 W EP 2016070832W WO 2018041370 A1 WO2018041370 A1 WO 2018041370A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
thyristor
electrical conductor
current
energy storage
electronic circuit
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2016/070832
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jörg DORN
Daniel Schmitt
Frank Schremmer
Marcus Wahle
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority to PL16765942T priority Critical patent/PL3485565T3/pl
Priority to PCT/EP2016/070832 priority patent/WO2018041370A1/fr
Priority to US16/329,958 priority patent/US10461663B2/en
Priority to ES16765942T priority patent/ES2812876T3/es
Priority to JP2019511978A priority patent/JP6731543B2/ja
Priority to CN201680088965.8A priority patent/CN109661768B/zh
Priority to KR1020197009495A priority patent/KR102269017B1/ko
Priority to EP16765942.4A priority patent/EP3485565B1/fr
Publication of WO2018041370A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018041370A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/49—Combination of the output voltage waveforms of a plurality of converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/122—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. dc/ac converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/4835—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels comprising two or more cells, each including a switchable capacitor, the capacitors having a nominal charge voltage which corresponds to a given fraction of the input voltage, and the capacitors being selectively connected in series to determine the instantaneous output voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/08—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage
    • H03K17/081—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit
    • H03K17/0814—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit by measures taken in the output circuit
    • H03K17/08148—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit by measures taken in the output circuit in composite switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
    • H03K17/56—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
    • H03K17/72—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices having more than two PN junctions; having more than three electrodes; having more than one electrode connected to the same conductivity region
    • H03K17/722—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices having more than two PN junctions; having more than three electrodes; having more than one electrode connected to the same conductivity region with galvanic isolation between the control circuit and the output circuit
    • H03K17/723—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices having more than two PN junctions; having more than three electrodes; having more than one electrode connected to the same conductivity region with galvanic isolation between the control circuit and the output circuit using transformer coupling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/322—Means for rapidly discharging a capacitor of the converter for protecting electrical components or for preventing electrical shock

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for discharging an electrical energy store.
  • electrical energy storage devices for example in electrical capacitors
  • large amounts of energy can be stored. These large amounts of energy can be difficult to control in the event of a fault, because the energy in case of failure uncontrolled and
  • An electronic circuit or component e.g., a power semiconductor connected to the electrical energy storage is then often unable to receive and control these amounts of energy released. This can cause the
  • Consequential damages may be, for example, electric arcs, high magnetic flux forces or strong Verunreini ⁇ conditions pursuant to the said explosion.
  • International Patent Application WO 2013/044961 A1 discloses a short-circuit current discharge for a submodule of a modular multistage converter. In this case, a thyristor is parallel to an electrical capacitor
  • This known short-circuit current discharge has an electronic evaluation circuit, which is the
  • Error initiates a gate current in the gate terminal of the thyristor, so that the thyristor turns on / ignites.
  • additional electronic components are necessary and the evaluation circuit takes a certain amount of time to detect the fault and provide the gate current to the thyristor.
  • the evaluation circuit reduces the reliability of the protective element, ie the short-circuit current.
  • the invention is based on the object, a method for discharging an electrical energy storage and a
  • Disclosed is a method for discharging an electrical energy storage, which by means of a first electrical
  • Conductor and a second electrical conductor is connected to an electronic circuit, wherein a thyristor for discharging the energy storage device (in case of failure) is provided, wherein in the method
  • a discharge current of the energy storage starts to flow from the energy store via the first electrical conductor to the electronic circuit and via second electrical conductor back to the energy storage
  • a time-varying magnetic field is generated around the first electrical conductor and the second electrical conductor due to the (rising) discharge current which penetrates the semiconductor material of the thyristor
  • Thyristor is turned on (whereby the discharge current of the energy storage flows through the switched thyristor and thereby bypassed the electronic circuit). The switched thyristor thus takes over the
  • Discharge current of the energy store (at least one
  • the switched-on thyristor derives the discharge current of the energy store.
  • the energy store can be, for example, a capacitor-like energy store, for example an electrical capacitor, an electric battery or an electrical accumulator.
  • the induced current may act as a gate current or as an ignition current in the thyristor.
  • the gate current is a current that flows through the gate semiconductor structure of the thyristor and turns on the thyristor;
  • the ignition current is a current that flows in the thyristor outside the gate semiconductor structure of the thyristor and turns on the thyristor.
  • the thyristor is turned on by the induced current (eddy current).
  • the discharge current of the energy store flows, bypassing the electronic circuit through the switched thyristor.
  • the thyristor can be arranged spatially adjacent to the first electrical conductor and / or the second electrical conductor. In this method, it is particularly advantageous that the time-varying magnetic field (which due to the
  • rising discharge current of the energy storage device is used directly to turn on the thyristor (that is to ignite the thyristor).
  • the ignition delay of the thyristor remains unchanged: the ignition delay of the thyristor is usually in the range of a few ys, typically 1-3 ys). Due to the
  • This leakage current is usually very low.
  • the method may be such that the thyristor is turned on by the induced current when the time change of the magnetic field exceeds a threshold value.
  • This threshold can be significantly influenced by choosing the spatial arrangement of the thyristor to the first electrical conductor and / or the second electrical conductor. For example, the greater the distance between the thyristor and the first electrical conductor or the second electrical conductor, the greater the change in the time of the discharge current must be in order to generate a sufficiently strong time change of the magnetic field to turn on the thyristor.
  • the method can proceed in such a way that the thyristor is induced by the induced current. is switched when the temporal change of the discharge current exceeds a threshold value.
  • the method can be designed such that the
  • Such an electronic circuit is contained for example in so-called half-bridge submodules of a modular multilevel converter.
  • the method can also be designed so that the electronic circuit, the two electronic
  • Switching elements and two other (switched on and off) electronic switching elements wherein the two electronic switching elements and the two other
  • Such an electronic circuit is contained for example in so-called full-bridge submodules of a modular multilevel converter.
  • Conductor and a second electrical conductor is connected to the electronic circuit, and with a
  • Thyristor for discharging the energy storage (in case of failure), wherein the thyristor is arranged spatially adjacent to the first electrical conductor and / or the second electrical conductor that due to a time-varying magnetic field, which due to at least one of the electrical conductors (for Example due to one by the first electrical conductor and / or the second
  • Thyristor induces a current (eddy current) (impressed) which turns on the thyristor (if the temporal
  • the energy storage for example, a
  • Be capacitor-like energy storage such as an electrical capacitor, an electric battery or an electrical accumulator.
  • the induced current may act as a gate current or as an ignition current in the thyristor.
  • the arrangement can also be designed so that the
  • Thyristor in a space between the first
  • the thyristor becomes particularly good both from the magnetic field of the first
  • the arrangement can also be designed such that the anode of the thyristor (electrically conductive) with the first
  • Thyristor (electrically conductive) is connected to the second electrical conductor.
  • the thyristor can be connected directly between the first electrical conductor and the second electrical conductor.
  • only two contact points (a contact ⁇ point between the anode and the first electrical conductor, a second contact point between the cathode and the second electrical conductor) are advantageously necessary.
  • the arrangement can also be designed so that the
  • Thyristor is mechanically clamped between the first electrical conductor and the second electrical conductor.
  • the first electrical conductor, the thyristor and the second electrical conductor form a clamping bandage.
  • the mechanical stress advantageously provides good electrical contact between the first electrical conductor and the thyristor (more precisely, between the first electrical conductor) electrical conductor and the anode of the thyristor) and the second electrical conductor and the thyristor (more precisely, between the second electrical conductor and the cathode of the thyristor) ensured.
  • the arrangement can also be designed so that the
  • Thyristor has a disc cell housing. Such a thyristor with disk cell housing can be advantageously ⁇ particularly easy between the first
  • the arrangement can also be designed such that the first electrical conductor and / or the second electrical conductor are each configured as a busbar.
  • a busbar By means of such a busbar, on the one hand, a large discharge current of the energy store can be safely conducted; On the other hand, the thyristor can be reliably mechanically clamped by means of a (mechanically stable) busbar.
  • the arrangement can also be configured such that the first electrical conductor and / or the second electrical conductor each have a flat outer surface, the semiconductor ⁇ material of the thyristor forms a disc (wafer) and the disc is arranged parallel to at least one of the flat outer surfaces , (In particular, the first
  • electrical conductors have a first planar outer surface, the second electrical conductor having a second planar outer surface, the first planar outer surface being parallel to the second planar outer surface, the semiconductor material of the thyristor forming a wafer and the disc parallel to the first planar outer surface and to the second planar outer surface.
  • Thyristors particularly well penetrates, so that in the semi ⁇ conductor material of the thyristor reliably the current (for example, acting as a gate current) is induced.
  • the arrangement can also be designed so that the
  • Thyristor is low inductively connected to the energy storage. (In this case, the electrical connection between the energy store and the thyristor to a smaller electrical inductance than the electrical connection between the energy storage and the electronic circuit.) It is particularly advantageous that after switching on the
  • Thyristors the discharge current of the energy storage through the thyristor flows and not (or only to a very limited extent) by the electronic circuit.
  • the arrangement can also be designed so that the
  • Thyristor is connected in parallel to the energy storage. This makes it possible to arrange the thyristor particularly close to the energy store, whereby a particularly
  • the arrangement can also be designed so that the electronic circuit at least two (on and
  • Such an electronic circuit is contained for example in so-called half-bridge submodules of a modular Multilevelstromrichter.
  • the arrangement can also be designed so that the electronic circuit, the two electronic switching ⁇ elements and two more (switched on and off)
  • Multilevelstromrichters having an arrangement according to one of the variants described above.
  • a modular multilevel power converter with a plurality of such modules is disclosed.
  • FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a power converter which has a plurality of modules
  • FIG. 2 an embodiment of a module
  • Figure 3 shows another embodiment of a
  • FIG. 4 shows an exemplary embodiment of a high-voltage
  • FIG. 5 shows an exemplary embodiment of a reactive power
  • Figure 6 shows an embodiment of a module
  • Figure 7 shows another embodiment of a module with a thyristor
  • Figure 8 shows an embodiment of a mounted
  • Thyristor in a top view
  • Figure 9 shows the embodiment of the mounted
  • Thyristor in a side view
  • FIG. 10 shows an exemplary representation of the semiconductor material of the thyristor in the magnetic field and in FIG. 11 shows an exemplary method sequence.
  • Multilevel converter 1 (modular multilevel converter, MMC).
  • MMC modular multilevel converter
  • This multi-level power converter 1 has a first AC voltage connection 5, a second alternating voltage terminal ⁇ 7 and a third AC voltage terminal.
  • the first AC voltage terminal 5 is electrically connected to a first phase module branch 11 and a second phase module branch 13.
  • the first phase module branch 11 and the second phase module branch 13 form a first phase module 15 of the power converter 1.
  • Phase module branch 11 is electrically connected to a first DC voltage connection 16; that the first
  • Phase module branch 13 is connected to a second
  • the first DC voltage terminal 16 electrically connected.
  • the first DC voltage terminal 16 is a positive one
  • the second DC voltage terminal 17 is a negative DC voltage terminal.
  • the second AC voltage terminal 7 is electrically connected to one end of a third phase module branch 18 and to one end of a fourth phase module branch 21.
  • the third phase module branch 18 and the fourth phase module branch 21 form a second phase module 24.
  • the third AC voltage connection 9 is connected to one end of a fifth
  • Phase module branch 27 Phase module branch 27 and with one end of a sixth
  • Phase module branch 29 electrically connected.
  • Phase module branch 27 and the sixth phase module branch 29 form a third phase module 31.
  • the second AC terminal 7 opposite end of the third phase module branch 18 and the third
  • AC terminal 9 opposite end of the fifth Phase module branch 27 are electrically connected to the first DC voltage connection 16.
  • the second AC terminal 7 remote from the end of the fourth phase ⁇ module branch 21 and the third AC terminal 9 opposite end of the sixth phase module branch 29 are electrically connected to the second DC voltage terminal 17.
  • Each phase module branch has a plurality of modules (1_1, 1_2, 1_3, 1_4 ... l_n; 2_1 ... 2_n; etc.) which are electrically connected in series (by means of their galvanic current connections). Such modules are also referred to as submodules.
  • each phase module branch has n modules. The number of electrically connected in series by means of their galvanic power connections modules can be very different, at least three
  • n 36: the first one
  • Phase module branch 11 thus has 36 modules 1_1, 1_2, 1_3,... 1_36.
  • the other phase module branches 13, 18, 21, 27 and 29 are of similar construction.
  • the message transmission between the controller and a module is symbolically represented by a line 37; the direction of
  • controller 35 sends to the
  • each module a setpoint to the amount of
  • a module 201 is shown by way of example. This may, for example, be the module 1_1 of the first phase module branch 11 (or else one of the other modules shown in FIG. 1).
  • the module is designed as a half-bridge module 201.
  • the module 201 has a first on and off switchable electronic
  • Switching element 202 switchable on and off switching element 202 with a first anti-parallel diode 204 on. Furthermore, the module 201 has a second on and
  • switchable electronic switching element 206 switchable on and off switching element 206 with a second
  • the antiparallel diode 208 and the second electrical energy storage 210 in the form of a capacitor 210.
  • Electronic switching elements 206 are each configured as an IGBT (insulated-gate bipolar transistor).
  • the first electronic switching element 202 is electrically connected in series with the second electronic switching element 206. At the connection point between the two electronic
  • Switching elements 202 and 206 is a first galvanic
  • Module connection 212 arranged. At the terminal of the second switching element 206, which is the connection point
  • a second galvanic module connection 215 is arranged.
  • the second module connection 215 is furthermore connected to a first connection of the energy store 210
  • a second terminal of the energy storage 210 is electrically connected to the terminal of the first
  • the energy storage 210 is therefore electrically parallel
  • Switching element 202 and the second switching element 206 By appropriate control of the first switching element 202 and the second switching element 206 through the module-internal
  • the electronic module controller 220 can be achieved that between the first galvanic module terminal 212 and the second galvanic module terminal 215 either the voltage of the energy storage 210 is output or no voltage is output (ie, a zero voltage is output).
  • FIG. 3 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a module 301 of the modular multilevel converter 1.
  • This module 301 can be, for example, the module 1_2 (or also one of the other modules shown in FIG. 1).
  • the module 301 shown in FIG. 3 has a third electronic switching element 302 which can be switched on and off with an antiparallel-connected third diode 304 as well a fourth switchable on and off electronic switching element 306 with an antiparallel connected fourth diode 308 on.
  • the third switchable switching element 302 and the fourth switchable switching element 306 are each configured as an IGBT.
  • the second galvanic module connection 315 is not electrically connected to the second switching element 206, but to a center of an electrical series connection of the third switching element 302 and the fourth switching element 306.
  • the module 301 of FIG. 3 is a so-called full-bridge module 301.
  • This full-bridge module 301 is characterized in that, with appropriate control of the four
  • Module connection 315 optionally either the positive voltage of the energy storage 210, the negative voltage of
  • the power converter 1 can either only half-bridge modules 201, only full bridge modules 301 or half-bridge modules 201 and full bridge modules 301 have. Via the first galvanic module connection 212 and the second galvanic module connection 215, 315 flow large electrical currents of the power converter.
  • FIG. 4 schematically shows an exemplary embodiment of a high-voltage direct-current transmission system 401.
  • This high-voltage DC transmission system 401 has two power converters 1, as shown in FIG. These two power converters 1 are electrically connected to one another on the DC voltage side via a high-voltage direct current connection 405. The two are positive
  • DC terminals 16 of the power converters 1 are electrically connected to each other by means of a first high-voltage DC line 405a; the two negative DC voltage connections 17 of the two power converters 1 are electrically connected to one another by means of a second high-voltage direct-current line 405b.
  • High voltage DC transmission system 401 can be
  • the high voltage direct current connection 405 then has a corresponding length.
  • FIG. 5 shows an exemplary embodiment of a power converter 501 which serves as a reactive power compensator 501.
  • This power converter 501 has only the three phase module branches 11, 18 and 27, which form three phase modules 505, 507 and 509 of the power converter.
  • the number of phase modules 505, 507 and 509 corresponds to the number of
  • Power converter 501 is connected.
  • the three phase module branches 11, 18 and 27 are connected to each other in a star shape.
  • the star point opposite end of the three phase module branches is one each
  • Phase modules 505, 507 and 509 may be in another Embodiment instead of in star connection in
  • the power converter 501 can supply the AC voltage network 511 with reactive power or remove reactive power from the AC power network 511.
  • the energy storage 210 in the exemplary embodiment is an electrical capacitor 210, more particularly a unipolar electrical capacitor (with a positive capacitor terminal (+) and a negative capacitor terminal (-)).
  • the energy storage 210 may be another type in other embodiments
  • Capacitor an electric battery or an electric accumulator.
  • the arrangement 602 may be
  • Arrangement 602 has the basic structure of the module 201 shown in FIG.
  • the electrical energy store 210 is connected by means of a first electrical conductor 606 (first electrical connection 606) and a second electrical conductor 608 (second electrical connection 606)
  • Circuit 612 power electronic circuit 612
  • the first electrical conductor 606 is a positive electrical conductor; the second electrical conductor 608 is a negative electrical conductor.
  • the electronic circuit 612 comprises the first electronic switching element 202, the second electronic switching element 206, the first antiparallel-connected diode 204 and the second antiparallel-connected diode 208, which are already known from FIG. Furthermore, the arrangement 602 has a thyristor 616 which is parallel to the
  • An electrical energy storage 210 is connected.
  • An anode 620 (anode terminal 620) of the thyristor is electrically connected to the first electrical conductor 606.
  • a cathode 622 (cathode terminal 622) of the thyristor is electrically connected to connected to the second electrical conductor 608.
  • a gate 624 (gate terminal 624) of the thyristor is not connected in the exemplary embodiment. In other words, this gate 624 is open, that is, not connected to other devices.
  • the thyristor 616 is a protection thyristor 616 for guiding a discharge current 630 of the electrical energy storage 210 in the event of a fault.
  • the thyristor 616 leads in the event of an error
  • a thyristor is also referred to as a crowbar thyristor.
  • the discharge current 630 may also be referred to as a short-circuit discharge current 630 or as a
  • Short-circuit current 630 are called.
  • the following procedure proceeds in the event of a fault: As a starting point, it is assumed that the electrical energy store 210 is charged. The thyristor 616 is off (not fired), that is, the thyristor 616 blocks current flow. Thereupon, an error occurs in the electronic circuit 612: for example
  • Switching element 202 and the second electronic switching element 206 formed half-bridge). As a result, the electrical energy storage 210 is short-circuited and the discharge current 630 begins to flow suddenly.
  • the discharge current 630 flows initially from the
  • Discharge current 630 via the first electronic switching element 202 and the second electronic switching element 206. Thereafter, the discharge current 630 flows through the second electrical conductor 608 back to the energy storage 210. In this case, the Charging current in the first electrical conductor 606 and in the second electrical conductor 608 respectively opposite directions.
  • the discharge current 630 is limited only by stray capacitances and ohmic resistances which occur in the first electrical conductor, the second electrical conductor and the electronic circuit 612. Therefore, the discharge current 630 increases relatively quickly.
  • Thyristor 616 and thus the semiconductor material of the thyristor 616. Namely, the thyristor is spatially adjacent to the first electrical conductor and the second electrical
  • the thyristor 616 has an outer casing of anti-magnetic material, which does not or only slightly the magnetic field penetrating the thyristor 616
  • Semiconductor material of the thyristor induces a current, such as an eddy current.
  • This current acts as a gate current (internal gate current, internal gate current) or
  • Firing current and causes turn-on of the thyristor 616 i.e., firing of the thyristor 616. Due to the
  • Discharge current 630 from the energy storage 210 via a portion of the first electrical conductor 606 to the anode 620 of the thyristor and from the cathode 622 of the thyristor via a portion of the second electrical conductor 608 back to the energy storage 210.
  • the discharge current 630 flows through the thyristor 616, because the thyristor 616 electrically low inductance with the
  • Energy storage 210 is connected. That is, the electric Connection between the thyristor 616 and the energy storage 210 has a lower electrical inductance than the first electrical conductor 606 and the second electrical
  • the thyristor 616 is thus by the induced current
  • the gate 624 can thereby
  • the gate 624 does not even need to be led out of the thyristor.
  • the thyristor will be unconnected.
  • the induced current gate current or ignition current
  • the temporal change of the magnetic field exceeds a threshold value.
  • Decisive here is the temporal change of the magnetic field at the location of the semiconductor material of the thyristor.
  • the semiconductor material of the thyristor can be realized particularly large temporal changes of the magnetic field when the thyristor is disposed very close to the first electrical conductor 606 and / or to the second electrical conductor 608.
  • Gap 635 is disposed between the first electrical conductor 606 and the second electrical conductor 608. In other words, it is due to the induced current
  • the thyristor is turned on when the change over time of the discharge current (in the first electrical conductor 606 and / or the second electrical conductor 608) exceeds a threshold value.
  • Threshold may be, for example, at a value between 5 and 50 kA per ⁇ is.
  • the thyristor 616 By means of the discharge current 630 flowing through the thyristor 616, the thyristor 616 can be thermally overloaded and thereby destroyed. In the event of a fault, the thyristor thus acts as a sacrificial element in order to protect the electronic circuit 612 from the discharge current 630. After the occurrence of an error (ie after deriving the discharge current 630 via the thyristor 616), therefore, the thyristor 616 must be replaced.
  • the thyristor 616 has a so-called conduction-on-fail characteristic, that is, in the event of a fault (and also due to overloading), the thyristor 616 remains conductive and is therefore able to discharge the current 630 until it fades to lead.
  • Such thyristors with conduct-on-fail characteristic are commercially available.
  • the gate 624 may also be provided by a constant non-zero impedance
  • a discharge-free fault that is to say in the case of an error which does not involve discharging the energy store 210 or a short-circuit-type discharge current 630 of the energy store
  • a gate current into the gate 624 of the thyristor feeds.
  • Such a discharge-free error can be, for example, an overcharging of the energy store 210, which does not directly lead to a short-circuit-type discharge current 630, but should nevertheless be prevented.
  • Figure 7 is another embodiment of a
  • the arrangement 702 may, for example, be the module 1_2 (or else one of the other modules shown in FIG. 1).
  • the arrangement 702 may, for example, be the module 1_2 (or else one of the other modules shown in FIG. 1).
  • Arrangement 702 has the basic structure of the module 301 shown in FIG.
  • the arrangement 702 differs from the arrangement 602 of FIG. 6 only in that the arrangement 702 has an electronic circuit 712 different from the electronic circuit 612.
  • the electronic circuit 712 additionally has a third electronic switching element 302 with a third antiparallel connected Diode 304 and a fourth electronic switching element 306 with a fourth anti-parallel diode 308 on.
  • the electronic switching element 206, the third electronic switching element 302 and the fourth electronic switching element 306 are connected in a full-bridge circuit.
  • an error may occur that results in the third one
  • FIG. 8 shows an exemplary embodiment of an arrangement 802 of the thyristor 616 between the first electrical conductor 606 and the second electrical conductor 608.
  • Conductors 608 are configured here as a first bus bar 606 and a second bus bar 608.
  • the first electrical busbar 606 and the second electrical busbar 608 each have a flat profile.
  • the electronic circuit 612 is shown schematically as a block 612; in the right part of FIG. 8, the energy store 210 is shown schematically as a block 210
  • the electronic circuit 712 may also be used.
  • the first electrical conductor 606 (first electrical
  • Busbar 606 connects the energy storage 210 to the electronic circuit 612.
  • the second electrical conductor 608 (second electrical busbar 608) connects the
  • the thyristor 616 is mechanically clamped.
  • the thyristor 616 is in the Gap 635 between the first electrical conductor 606 and the second electrical conductor 608.
  • the anode 620 of the thyristor 616 is located on the first electrical conductor 606, the cathode 622 of the thyristor 616 is applied to the second electrical conductor 608.
  • the tension is realized by means of a tensioning device 806.
  • the tensioning device 806 has two bolts which, by means of a respective nut, enclose the first electrical conductor 606, the thyristor 616 and the second electrical conductor 608
  • the first electrical conductor 606, the thyristor 616 and the second electrical conductor 608 form a clamping bandage. This stress bond or the mechanical stress cause a good electrical contact between the first electrical conductor 60 and the thyristor 616 and a good electrical contact with the second electrical conductor 608 and the thyristor 616th
  • the overall height of the thyristor 616 is approximately equal to the distance between the first electrical conductor 606 and the second electrical conductor 608.
  • the anode 620 and the cathode 622 each form a clamping surface of the thyristor 616.
  • Flux density B are parallel to the clamping surfaces of the thyristor 616 (not shown in Figure 8, see Figure 10).
  • the electric field (E field) is perpendicular to the field of magnetic flux density B, but is not shown in the figures.
  • the thyristor 616 can be switched on by means of a discharge current 630, which increases very rapidly from zero to approximately 20 kA, that is, a discharge current having a maximum value greater than approximately 20 kA, which can be generated in a very short time ( small lys - 2ys) rises to its maximum value results in the onset of the thyristor 616.
  • the thyristor 616 has the shape of a disk cell in the embodiment of Figure 8; the thyristor 616 has
  • Disc cell housing 810 on.
  • the thyristor has a disk-like shape, wherein the base area forms the cathode and the top surface forms the anode. With such disc-shaped thyristors can be realized in particular mechanically stable clamping bandages.
  • the illustration of Figure 8 also shows that the gate 624 of the thyristor is not connected. In contrast to the representation of FIG. 8, the gate 624 does not need to come out of the housing 810 of FIG.
  • Thyristor 616 to be led out because it is unconnected.
  • FIG. 9 shows the arrangement 802 according to FIG. 8 in a side view. This is by means of a
  • dashed line the circumference of the disc-shaped thyristor 616 indicated.
  • the arrangement 802 is in a plan view
  • Thyristor 616 and the electrical connections between the anode and the first electrical conductor and between the cathode and the second electrical conductor have been omitted; it is only the semiconductor material 1006 of the
  • Thyristor 616 shown.
  • This semiconductor material 1006 forms a wafer 1006 (disk-shaped semiconductor material 1006, semiconductor material wafer 1006).
  • the disc 1006 is shown in cross section. In the side view, the disk 1006 has a circular shape similar to the circumference of the thyristor 616 in FIG. 9.
  • the semiconductor material 1006 is shown exaggeratedly thick for better representability.
  • magnetic field lines 1010 are shown, which form in the gap 635 between the first electrical conductor 606 and the second electrical conductor 608 (magnetic field lines 1010)
  • Flux density B The field lines 1010 of the magnetic field come out of the plane of the drawing and point towards the viewer; The viewer looks from the beginning, so to speak
  • the field lines 1010 penetrate the semiconductor material 1006 of the thyristor. Due to the time-varying magnetic field 1010 is in the
  • Semiconductor material 1006 induces a voltage 1016, which is the flow of a current 1018 (eddy current 1018) in the
  • Semiconductor material 1006 of the thyristor result.
  • the voltage 1016 and the current 1018 are shown here only schematically.
  • the induced current 1018 acts as a
  • Thyristor and turns on the thyristor 616 (i.e., the current 1018 fires the thyristor 616).
  • the first electrical conductor 606 has a first plane
  • the second electrical conductor 608 has a second planar outer surface 1026.
  • Outer surface 1024 and the second planar outer surface 1026 are arranged parallel to each other.
  • Semiconductor material 1006 of the thyristor 616 is arranged parallel to the first outer surface 1024 and also parallel to the second outer surface 2026. This arrangement of the semiconductor material 1006 enables a compact and mechanically stable construction of the arrangement 802. In addition (due to the resulting small distance between the first electrical conductor 606 and the second electrical conductor 608), a large temporal change of the magnetic field occurs at the location of the semiconductor material 1006.
  • the disk 1006 (the silicon wafer 1006 of the thyristor) constitutes a conductive material.
  • the current 1018 in particular an eddy current
  • This current causes the thyristor 616 to fire, that is, to turn on. The higher the flowing short-circuit discharge current 630, the greater the magnetic flux density B generated thereby.
  • FIG. 11 again shows the method for discharging the energy store by means of a flowchart. Starting point of the method is that the energy storage is charged and the thyristor is in the off state (blocking state).
  • the discharge current 630 flows from
  • Step 1104
  • Discharge current 630 wherein the semiconductor material 1006 is penetrated by the magnetic field 1010.
  • the current 1018 can act as a gate current or as an ignition current of the thyristor.
  • Thyristor turn on (without that an external
  • Thyristor is intact. This is a great advantage, since a functional test of evaluation circuits in the case of large-capacity energy storage devices is difficult and expensive in practice.
  • the arrangement and the method have a low failure rate (FIT rate), which substantially corresponds to the failure rate of thyristors. This failure rate is very low for thyristors.
  • Procedures are the short-circuit discharge current 630 of the energy storage for instantaneous ignition of
  • Thyristors used without the need for a detection circuit or evaluation circuit is necessary, which would always bring a time delay with it.
  • the technical Realization by means of only one thyristor is extremely simple and inexpensive. When the thyristor is ignited, it can be destroyed (depending on the amount of energy stored in the energy storage device) and must be replaced if necessary during later maintenance.
  • a comparatively simple diode-disk cell housing can be used, since the gate terminal 624 is not needed and consequently does not need to be led out of the housing.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)
  • Generation Of Surge Voltage And Current (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de décharge d'un accumulateur d'énergie électrique (210) qui est relié à un circuit électronique (612) au moyen d'un premier conducteur électrique (606) et d'un second conducteur électrique (608). Selon l'invention, un thyristor (616) est prévu pour décharger l'accumulateur d'énergie (210). Dans le procédé, à la suite d'une défaillance survenue dans le circuit électronique (612), un courant de décharge (630) de l'accumulateur d'énergie (210) commence à circuler de l'accumulateur d'énergie (210) au circuit électronique (612) en passant par le premier conducteur électrique (606) et retourne à l'accumulateur d'énergie (210) en passant par le second conducteur électrique (608). En raison du courant de décharge (630), un champ magnétique (1010) variable dans le temps est généré autour du premier conducteur électrique (606) et du second conducteur électrique (608) et traverse le matériau semi-conducteur (1006) du thyristor (616). En raison du champ magnétique (1010) variable dans le temps, un courant (1018) est induit dans le matériau semi-conducteur (1006) du thyristor (616) et le thyristor (616) est activé par ce courant induit (1018).
PCT/EP2016/070832 2016-09-05 2016-09-05 Procédé de décharge d'un accumulateur d'énergie électrique WO2018041370A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL16765942T PL3485565T3 (pl) 2016-09-05 2016-09-05 Sposób wyładowania elektrycznego zasobnika energii
PCT/EP2016/070832 WO2018041370A1 (fr) 2016-09-05 2016-09-05 Procédé de décharge d'un accumulateur d'énergie électrique
US16/329,958 US10461663B2 (en) 2016-09-05 2016-09-05 Method for discharging an electric energy storage unit
ES16765942T ES2812876T3 (es) 2016-09-05 2016-09-05 Procedimiento para la descarga de un acumulador de energía eléctrica
JP2019511978A JP6731543B2 (ja) 2016-09-05 2016-09-05 電気的なエネルギー蓄積器を放電させる方法
CN201680088965.8A CN109661768B (zh) 2016-09-05 2016-09-05 用于对电能存储器放电的方法
KR1020197009495A KR102269017B1 (ko) 2016-09-05 2016-09-05 전기 에너지 저장 유닛을 방전시키기 위한 방법
EP16765942.4A EP3485565B1 (fr) 2016-09-05 2016-09-05 Procédé de décharge d'un accumulateur d'énergie électrique

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PCT/EP2016/070832 WO2018041370A1 (fr) 2016-09-05 2016-09-05 Procédé de décharge d'un accumulateur d'énergie électrique

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WO2020173567A1 (fr) * 2019-02-28 2020-09-03 Abb Schweiz Ag Cellule de conversion à court-circuit
EP4040659A1 (fr) * 2021-02-09 2022-08-10 General Electric Technology GmbH Ensemble électrique
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PL3485563T3 (pl) * 2016-09-01 2020-10-19 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Układ przetwornicy jak również sposób jej pracy
WO2021028003A1 (fr) * 2019-08-13 2021-02-18 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Commande de décharge intelligente pour convertisseur multiniveau modulaire
EP3783783A1 (fr) * 2019-08-23 2021-02-24 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Agencement de régulation d'un flux de puissance dans un réseau à tension alternative et procédé de protection de l'agencement
WO2023155979A1 (fr) * 2022-02-16 2023-08-24 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Module d'un convertisseur multiniveau modulaire

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KR102269017B1 (ko) 2021-06-25
ES2812876T3 (es) 2021-03-18
EP3485565A1 (fr) 2019-05-22
EP3485565B1 (fr) 2020-05-27
JP2019527018A (ja) 2019-09-19
KR20190041530A (ko) 2019-04-22
CN109661768A (zh) 2019-04-19
PL3485565T3 (pl) 2020-11-16
JP6731543B2 (ja) 2020-07-29
CN109661768B (zh) 2021-02-05
US10461663B2 (en) 2019-10-29
US20190199237A1 (en) 2019-06-27

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