WO2018041338A1 - Protection contre les courts-circuits d'une alimentation auxiliaire de cellule de convertisseur dans un convertisseur modulaire à cellules multiples - Google Patents

Protection contre les courts-circuits d'une alimentation auxiliaire de cellule de convertisseur dans un convertisseur modulaire à cellules multiples Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018041338A1
WO2018041338A1 PCT/EP2016/070404 EP2016070404W WO2018041338A1 WO 2018041338 A1 WO2018041338 A1 WO 2018041338A1 EP 2016070404 W EP2016070404 W EP 2016070404W WO 2018041338 A1 WO2018041338 A1 WO 2018041338A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cell
converter
cps
fuse
resistance
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2016/070404
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Remo BAUMANN
Original Assignee
Abb Schweiz Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Abb Schweiz Ag filed Critical Abb Schweiz Ag
Priority to PCT/EP2016/070404 priority Critical patent/WO2018041338A1/fr
Publication of WO2018041338A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018041338A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/4835—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels comprising two or more cells, each including a switchable capacitor, the capacitors having a nominal charge voltage which corresponds to a given fraction of the input voltage, and the capacitors being selectively connected in series to determine the instantaneous output voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0006—Arrangements for supplying an adequate voltage to the control circuit of converters

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a device and method for protection of an auxiliary power supply from short-circuit currents in a converter cell in a
  • MMC Modular Multilevel Converter
  • An MMC also known as Chain-Link Converter (CLC)
  • CLC Chain-Link Converter
  • Each converter cell comprises, in the form of a half-bridge or full-bridge circuit, a capacitor arrangement for storing energy and power semiconductor switches such as insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) devices, gate-turn-off thyristor
  • IGBT insulated gate bipolar transistor
  • GTO gate commutated thyristor
  • IGCT integrated gate commutated thyristor
  • MMCs Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET) devices for connecting the capacitor arrangement to the converter branch with one or two polarities.
  • MMCs may be used in electric power transmission systems such as Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM), Frequency Converters in direct or indirect topology and High-Voltage Direct Current (HVDC)
  • STATCOM Static Synchronous Compensator
  • HVDC High-Voltage Direct Current
  • the cell comprises an auxiliary power supply.
  • the cells are floating in a wide voltage range, especially in high power, medium voltage and HVDC applications.
  • the power for the power supply to supply the gate drive and local control boards can be taken from the capacitor arrangement of the respective cell.
  • the auxiliary power of a medium or high voltage MMC cell may be fed from its capacitor arrangement by connecting an auxiliary power supply, herein also called a Cell Power Supply (CPS), e.g. a DC/DC converter, which is reducing the medium direct current (DC) voltage to a low voltage level appropriate to supply the devices (e.g. gate drive and/or local control board) within the MMC cell.
  • CPS Cell Power Supply
  • the capacitor arrangement of the cell may develop a very high short circuit current due to its low equivalent series resistance (ESR).
  • ESR equivalent series resistance
  • Medium voltage DC fuses which offer the required short-circuit current capability are very bulky and expensive.
  • ESR equivalent series resistance
  • a cell of an MMC comprises an energy storing device, a CPS, a fuse, and a resistance (also called resistor chain).
  • the CPS, fuse and resistance are connected in series with each other across the energy storing device.
  • an MMC comprising at leas one phase-leg having a plurality of series connected cells of the present disclosure.
  • a method of protecting a CPS in a cell of an MMC comprises reducing a current through a fuse by means of a resistance connected in series with the fuse and the CPS, across an energy storing device of the cell.
  • the present disclosure presents an inexpensive solution to protect an auxiliary power supply (CPS) within a medium or high voltage multilevel converter cell.
  • the CPS is fed from the main capacitor arrangement of the MMC cell.
  • the capacitor arrangement may develop very high short-circuit currents.
  • a melting fuse is disconnecting the CPS from the capacitor arrangement.
  • a medium voltage fuse with the corresponding high short-circuit capability is bulky and expensive in relation to the semiconductor switches and other devices it protects.
  • the proposed circuit comprising a series connected resistance limits the short-circuit current to a level where inexpensive and small medium voltage fuses may be used.
  • Fig l is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of an MMC, in accordance with the present invention.
  • Fig 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of an embodiment of a bipolar converter cell comprising a CPS, in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure l is a schematic circuit diagram of an embodiment of an MMC l, e.g. a high or medium voltage MMC, having cells with a DC voltage rating of at least 1500 Volts (V), e.g. between 1500 V and 10 kV.
  • the MMC 1 of the figure may be used in electric power transmission systems such as STATCOM, but embodiments of the present invention are also relevant to other topologies such as for Frequency Converters in direct or indirect topology or HVDC transmission.
  • One or more (high or medium voltage) phases, u, v and w having respective currents ii, 12 and 13 are input to the converter 1 via input lines, e.g. via bushings through a wall of the room or building in which the converter 1 is located.
  • each phase leg 2 comprises a plurality of cascaded (series connected) cells (also called sub-modules) 3.
  • the currents in the converter 1 are referred to as "i”, while the voltages are referred to as "U” in the figure, in combination with arrows indicating directions.
  • the cells 3 may be of any suitable type, e.g. unipolar (also called half-bridge) or bipolar (also called full-bridge or H-bridge), comprising an energy storing device, e.g.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a bipolar cell 3.
  • the cell comprises an energy storing device 5, here in the form of a DC-link capacitor.
  • the energy storing device 5 may comprise a capacitor arrangement with any number of capacitors in series and/or parallel connection with each other.
  • the cell also comprises four semiconductor switches S, forming the full-bridge (H-bridge) topology in the cell.
  • the semiconductor switches of the bipolar cell are conventionally named in the figure as S11 switch, S12 switch, S13 switch and S14 switch. When the switches S11 and S14 are closed and S12 and S13 are open, a positive voltage will be applied. By opening S11 and S14 switches and closing S12 and S13 switches, this voltage is reversed.
  • Each of the S switches may comprise e.g. an IGCT, an RC-IGCT or a BGCT, possibly in combination with an antiparallel one-direction conducting/blocking component such as a diode.
  • each S switch comprises an IGCT and antiparallel diode. If the power supply of the IGCT gate of each S switch will be taken from the DC-link capacitor 5, the IGCT gate unit is un -powered during start-up until the DC-link voltage reaches a certain voltage level. If instead the converter cell 3, and thus the S switches, is charged with an AC current, after zero crossing from >o to ⁇ o, the current will commutate from S11 to S13 and from S12 to S14, respectively, and vice versa.
  • the cell 3 is powered by means of a CPS 4 connected across the energy storing device 5.
  • each of the cells 3 of the converter 1 is provided with a CPS 4 connected in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • the CPS 4 may e.g. be a transformer or DC/DC converter which outputs reduced current to semiconductors switches S (typically to gates thereof) and, possibly, to control board(s) of the cell 3.
  • the CPS 4 needs to be protected from any fault/short circuit current from the energy storing device 5 by means of a fuse 6, typically a melting fuse.
  • a resistance 7 is connected in series with the fuse 6 and the CPS 4.
  • the resistance 7 may comprise any number of resistors connected in series, e.g. optimized for cost, and may thus be called a resistor chain 7.
  • the resistor chain 7 may for example have a total resistance of at least 100 Ohm, such as at least 150 Ohm, at least 175 Ohm or at least 200 Ohm.
  • One or a few resistors having a relatively high power rating each may be used, or a higher number of resistors each having a lower power rating may be used, depending on how much the possible fault/short circuit current from the energy storing device 5 is to be reduced and on the cost of each (typically commercially available) resistor of different power ratings.
  • the possible fault/short circuit current from the energy storing device 5 is to be reduced in order to be able to use a desired low cost fuse 6 may depend on the voltage of the cell 3.
  • the possible fault/short circuit current may be above 1000 Amperes (A) if no resistance 7 is used.
  • This fault/short circuit current may be reduced at least by a factor of fiver or of ten, e.g. to less than 250 A, such as less than 100 A, less than 50 A or less than 35 A by means of the resistance 7.
  • How much resistance to introduce is a trade-off between how much to reduce the fault/short circuit current and the losses incurred during normal operations.
  • the resistance 7 is connected in series with the fuse 6 and the CPS 4, across (in parallel with) the energy storing device 5.
  • the resistance 7 is connected between the fuse 6 and the CPS 4 (on the plus-side of the CPS).
  • This order of the series connected devices 4, 6 and 7 may be preferred in order for the resistance 7 to be without voltage if the fuse blows.
  • the fuse 6 may be connected between the resistance 7 and the CPS 4, or the CPS 4 may be connected between the fuse 6 and the resistance 7 (e.g. with the resistance 7 connected on the minus side of the CPS 4).
  • the worst case short-circuit current is limited to a level below the capability of the fuse 6 by choosing the appropriate total resistance of the resistor chain 7.
  • the resistor chain's continuous power rating, pulse power rating and voltage rating may be chosen in accordance with the melting characteristic of the fuse 6.
  • a resistor chain of cheap low voltage resistors may be more economical than one dedicated resistor rated for medium voltage.
  • the resistor chain may be designed to sustain its function for substantially all pre-arcing and melting time intervals of the chosen fuse 6.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une cellule 3 d'un convertisseur multiniveau modulaire (MMC). La cellule comprend un dispositif de stockage d'énergie 5, une alimentation électrique de cellule (CPS) 4, un fusible 6, et une résistance 7, la CPS, le fusible et la résistance étant connectés en série les uns aux autres à travers le dispositif de stockage d'énergie.
PCT/EP2016/070404 2016-08-30 2016-08-30 Protection contre les courts-circuits d'une alimentation auxiliaire de cellule de convertisseur dans un convertisseur modulaire à cellules multiples WO2018041338A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2016/070404 WO2018041338A1 (fr) 2016-08-30 2016-08-30 Protection contre les courts-circuits d'une alimentation auxiliaire de cellule de convertisseur dans un convertisseur modulaire à cellules multiples

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2016/070404 WO2018041338A1 (fr) 2016-08-30 2016-08-30 Protection contre les courts-circuits d'une alimentation auxiliaire de cellule de convertisseur dans un convertisseur modulaire à cellules multiples

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2018041338A1 true WO2018041338A1 (fr) 2018-03-08

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10819112B1 (en) 2019-03-27 2020-10-27 Abb Schweiz Ag Feeder line fault response using direct current interconnection system
US10971934B2 (en) 2018-12-31 2021-04-06 Abb Schweiz Ag Distribution networks with flexible direct current interconnection system
US11031773B2 (en) 2019-03-27 2021-06-08 Abb Power Grids Switzerland Ag Transformer isolation response using direct current link
US11121543B2 (en) 2018-12-31 2021-09-14 Abb Schweiz Ag Fault mitigation in medium voltage distribution networks

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2549634A1 (fr) * 2010-03-15 2013-01-23 Hitachi, Ltd. Appareil de conversion d'énergie électrique
US20130208519A1 (en) * 2012-02-09 2013-08-15 Hitachi, Ltd. Switching Element, Power Converter, Direct Current Transmission System, Current Control Device, Method of Controlling Power Converter, and Method of Controlling Current in Voltage Source Converter

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2549634A1 (fr) * 2010-03-15 2013-01-23 Hitachi, Ltd. Appareil de conversion d'énergie électrique
US20130208519A1 (en) * 2012-02-09 2013-08-15 Hitachi, Ltd. Switching Element, Power Converter, Direct Current Transmission System, Current Control Device, Method of Controlling Power Converter, and Method of Controlling Current in Voltage Source Converter

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
SENTURK OSMAN S ET AL: "High voltage cell power supply for modular multilevel converters", 2014 IEEE ENERGY CONVERSION CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION (ECCE), IEEE, 14 September 2014 (2014-09-14), pages 4416 - 4420, XP032680544, DOI: 10.1109/ECCE.2014.6953725 *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10971934B2 (en) 2018-12-31 2021-04-06 Abb Schweiz Ag Distribution networks with flexible direct current interconnection system
US11121543B2 (en) 2018-12-31 2021-09-14 Abb Schweiz Ag Fault mitigation in medium voltage distribution networks
US10819112B1 (en) 2019-03-27 2020-10-27 Abb Schweiz Ag Feeder line fault response using direct current interconnection system
US11031773B2 (en) 2019-03-27 2021-06-08 Abb Power Grids Switzerland Ag Transformer isolation response using direct current link

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