WO2018037356A1 - Lentilles ophtalmiques présentant des surfaces optiques asphériques et leur procédé de fabrication - Google Patents

Lentilles ophtalmiques présentant des surfaces optiques asphériques et leur procédé de fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018037356A1
WO2018037356A1 PCT/IB2017/055086 IB2017055086W WO2018037356A1 WO 2018037356 A1 WO2018037356 A1 WO 2018037356A1 IB 2017055086 W IB2017055086 W IB 2017055086W WO 2018037356 A1 WO2018037356 A1 WO 2018037356A1
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Prior art keywords
lens according
aspheric
optical
implantable lens
aspheric implantable
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PCT/IB2017/055086
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English (en)
Inventor
Vladimir Stoy
Roman CHALOUPKA
Tomas Drunecky
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Medicem Ophthalmic (Cy) Limited
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Publication of WO2018037356A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018037356A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/14—Eye parts, e.g. lenses, corneal implants; Implanting instruments specially adapted therefor; Artificial eyes
    • A61F2/16—Intraocular lenses
    • A61F2/1613—Intraocular lenses having special lens configurations, e.g. multipart lenses; having particular optical properties, e.g. pseudo-accommodative lenses, lenses having aberration corrections, diffractive lenses, lenses for variably absorbing electromagnetic radiation, lenses having variable focus
    • A61F2/1637—Correcting aberrations caused by inhomogeneities; correcting intrinsic aberrations, e.g. of the cornea, of the surface of the natural lens, aspheric, cylindrical, toric lenses
    • A61F2/164—Aspheric lenses

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to aspheric implantable lenses from at least one optically transparent material with a main optical axis and at least two opposite optical surfaces or interfaces, at least one of them being a smooth optical surface or optical interface between two transparent materials that can be described by an aconic function.
  • Optical properties of such lenses are defined by geometry of their optical surfaces and/or internal interfaces and/or a gradient of the refractive index.
  • Some lenses consist of two or more optical materials with various values of refractive index (RI).
  • RI refractive index
  • the optical properties are defined not only by geometries of external surfaces forming the interface with a surrounding transparent optical medium (e.g., air or corneal tissue or intraocular liquid), but also by geometries of the boundaries between adjacent materials (e.g., two different polymers, or a polymer and a fluid, or two fluids separated by a thin membrane).
  • the interface between two adjacent materials can be either a sharply defined discontinuity, or be formed by a gradual transition between materials with the refractive index gradient (GRIN).
  • the GRIN may be either perpendicular to the optical axis of the lens (radial GRIN r ), or RI can change along its optical axis (axial GRINa).
  • SA Spherical Aberration
  • Spherical aberration can be also changed by implantation of an aspheric lens with conic optical surfaces, such as those described in the following patents and patent applications: Stoy, V. et al.: Bioanalogic Intraocular Lens, International Patent Application Publication No. WO2014111769; Wichterle, O.: Method Of Molding An Intraocular Lens, U.S. Patent No. 4,846,832; Wichterle, O.: Soft And Elastic Intracameral Lens And Method For Manufacturing Thereof, U.S. Patent No. 4,846,832; Stoy, V. : Implantable Ophthalmic Lens, A Method Of Manufacturing Same And A Mold For Carrying Out Said Method, U.S. Patent No.
  • Optical refractive surface is often formed by a combination of several surfaces with different optical parameters, with a sharp or gradual transition between them.
  • the individual refractive surfaces (or interfaces) are often in the shape of concentric zones or segments, such as those described in HJ. Schlegel, One-piece Implantable Lens; U.S. Patent 4,673,406 and International Patent Application Publication No. W08606846 titled Compound Lens
  • optical surface can be composed from two or more segments with different refractive characteristics with one common point in the center, or can be arranged in some other pattern (e.g., L.W. Alvarez, U.S. Patent No. 3,739,445 and U.S. Patent No. 3,829,536).
  • Refractive optical surfaces are often combined with diffractive zones or elements that are designed to provide several foci or extend the field of the focus. Note, for instance, S. Newman: Toric Lens with Axis Mislocation Latitude, U.S. Patent No 5,570,143; Roffman et al: Concentric Annular Ring Lens Designs for Astigmatism, U.S. Patent No.
  • This invention describes implantable lenses made from at least one transparent material and having at least anterior and posterior optical surface from the viewpoint of their intended position in the eye, comprising at least one smooth, continuous refractive surface or interface between materials with different refractive indices, wherein at least one of those surfaces or interfaces is defined by a function ⁇ ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) in cylindrical coordinate system (z, p, ⁇ ) such that:
  • ⁇ ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) (p 2 )/ ⁇ R(p,6)*(l+ [1- ⁇ ( ⁇ , ⁇ )*( ⁇ / R(p,6)) 2 5 ⁇ [1 ]
  • ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) are radial and angular coordinates of any point M on the optical surface such that p is the radial distance of the point M from the longitudinal axis (or optical axis) and ⁇ is the angular coordinate of this point in the plane perpendicular to longitudinal axis
  • R(p,9) is the "radius function”
  • ⁇ ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) is the "conic function"
  • Equation [1] describes a conic surface (spherical, parabolic, elliptic or hyperbolic, depending on the value of conic constant). Such conic optical surfaces were used in earlier work.
  • hyperbole is defined by the negative value of the conic constant and hyperbolic surfaces can be used to introduce negative spherical aberration into the lens, or to compensate for positive spherical aberration introduced by other optical surfaces of the same lens.
  • Aconic surfaces provide much more flexibility to the overall design and may even generate, e.g., surfaces with inflexion line, i.e., surfaces that change the sign of the second derivative of the ⁇ ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) along the radial coordinate.
  • Such "inflected surfaces” can provide to the lens desired overall geometry and certain desirable optical properties without introducing discontinuities on the optical surface. For instance, it is desirable to make spherical aberration dependent on the aperture in a certain fashion. Such optical properties of the surfaces cannot be generated by any of the previously disclosed conic surfaces.
  • the posterior surface will be convex and aconic.
  • the posterior surface has to often serve also some non-optical purposes, such as maintenance of the contact with the posterior capsule and stabilization of the lens position. That implies certain optimal sagittal depth and certain lens diameter together with the convexity of the posterior surface.
  • the posterior surface should be preferably smooth without any discontinuities. Such demands on general shape combined with the optical function can be best met by a single aconic surface.
  • the posterior surface may be either concave or convex and aconic, depending on spatial and optical requirements on the implant.
  • the anterior surface or any internal interface may be either convex or concave and either conic or aconic or otherwise shaped depending on the target geometry and target optical properties of the lens.
  • aconic surfaces described by Equation [1] could generate (or compensate for) not only spherical aberration, astigmatism or coma, but any other conceivable aberration defined by Zernike coefficients, as well.
  • the aconic optical surface will be symmetric along the longitudinal (or optical) axis.
  • the radius function R(p,9) and/or conical function ⁇ ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) are a function of p but not of ⁇ .
  • R(p,9) and/or ⁇ ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) are monotone functions of p in the interval (0,3.2) mm, and even more preferably for p in the interval (0,2.1) mm.
  • R(p,9) and/or ⁇ ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) has decreasing second derivative with respect to p in that interval if the first derivative is positive, and vice versa.
  • Figure 1A shows the profile of a first aconic mold design of the invention.
  • Figure IB shows the profile of a casting mold filled with monomer mixture according to Example 1.
  • Figure 2A displays the profile of a second aconic mold design of the invention (spin- casting mold).
  • Figure 2B displays the profile of the mold of Example 2 filled with monomer mixture and forming a meniscus by spinning around its vertical axis.
  • Figure 3 shows the posterior optical surface geometry and optical parameter profile of the mold according to Example 3.
  • implantable lenses comprising a main optical axis and two or more smooth optical surfaces and/or interfaces between materials with different refractive indices, at least one of those surfaces or interfaces being defined by a function in cylindrical coordinate system:
  • Z(p,9) (p 2 )/ ⁇ R(p,9)*(l+ [l-K(p,9)*(p/ R(p,e)) 2 ] 0 - 5 ⁇ [1 ]
  • ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) are radial and angular coordinates of any point M on the optical surface such that p is the radial distance of the point M from the longitudinal axis (or optical axis) and ⁇ is the angular coordinate of this point in the plane perpendicular to longitudinal axis
  • R(p,9) is the "radius function”
  • ⁇ ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) is the "conic function”
  • those functions are preferably selected for all aconic optical surfaces in such a way that the lens has negative spherical aberration on at least a major part of its optical surface.
  • one aspect of the invention relates to aspheric implantable lenses from at least one optically transparent material with a main optical axis and at least two opposite optical surfaces or interfaces, at least one of them being smooth optical surface or optical interface between two transparent materials that can be described by an aconic function as defined by Equation [1] above.
  • At least one of the transparent materials is a hydrophilic polymer or a hydrogel with refractive index between about 1.40 and 1.48, preferably containing negatively charged pendant groups and preferably containing UV absorbing pendant groups, and even more preferably containing both negatively charged pendant groups and UV-absorbing pendant groups.
  • at least one of the said materials is a covalently crosslinked methacrylic polymer.
  • the functions R(p,9) and ⁇ ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) are selected for at least one of the optical surfaces in such a way that ⁇ ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) has positive first partial derivative with respect to p and negative second partial derivative with respect to p for at least a major part
  • ⁇ [ ⁇ ( ⁇ , ⁇ )]/ ⁇ and ⁇ [ ⁇ ( ⁇ , ⁇ )]/ ⁇ are of opposite sign for p ⁇ [ ⁇ ( ⁇ ) ; ⁇ ( ⁇ )] (excluding extreme points of the interval), where ⁇ ( ⁇ ) has a positive value selected from 0 to B(9 _and ⁇ ( ⁇ ) has a positive value selected from ⁇ ( ⁇ ) to LOD/2, where "LOD" is the Lens Outer Diameter in mm.
  • the LOD value is preferably between about 5 mm and about 10.5 mm, and more preferably between 6.5 and 9.5 mm.
  • ⁇ ( ⁇ ) is > 1 mm.
  • ⁇ ( ⁇ ) is ⁇ LOD/2.
  • ⁇ ( ⁇ ) is ⁇ ⁇ ( ⁇ ).
  • at least one of the optical surfaces R(p,9) and ⁇ ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) is selected in such a way that the sign of the
  • C(9) has a value between 1.0 and 4.5 mm. Even more preferably, C(9) value is between 1.5 mm and 3 mm.
  • the value of ⁇ ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) may be dependent on the angle ⁇ to achieve correction of higher aberrations or astigmatism.
  • the function ⁇ ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) has preferably [ ⁇ ( ⁇ , ⁇ )]/ ⁇ changing
  • Such optical surface will provide simultaneously toric refraction and spherical refraction with a spherical aberration that is preferably negative.
  • K 0 has a value between +1 and -25, and preferably between values 0 and -10 and even more preferably between -0.7 and -8.5.
  • Ki has a value between -0.1 and - 4.5, and preferably between values -0.2 and
  • the constant R 0 has a value between 2 mm and 5 mm, and preferably between values 2.2 mm and 4.8 mm, and even more preferably between 2.4 mm and 4.6 mm.
  • the constant Ri has a value between -0.05 and -2, and preferably between values -0.1 and -1.5, and even more preferably between -0.2 and -1. While the linear change can provide many useful geometries, either ⁇ ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) or R(p,9) (or both) can be conveniently described by polynomials up to 5 th degree that provide the desirable flexibility to the lens optical design and geometry.
  • the desirable optical properties of the lens can be generally achieved even if one or more of the surfaces are other than aconic, and has geometry of, for instance, a "meniscoid".
  • a "meniscoid” is to be understood as a shape of a solidified liquid meniscus.
  • the lens can be fabricated by solidification of a polymer precursor in an open mold. The solidification can be achieved by, for instance, cooling of a polymer melt, cooling or heating of a thermoreversible gel, crosslinking of a polymer solution, crosslinking of a liquid polymer, or by polymerization of a liquid monomer mixture.
  • Such polymers can be selected from the group of acrylate polymers, methacrylate polymers, vinyl polymers,
  • liquid precursor surface can be also modified by spinning the lens around the vertical axis in the process known as the spin casting.
  • Solidification of the liquid precursor to the polymer is usually accompanied by a smaller or larger volume contraction. Some solidification processes are accompanied by a large volume contraction that can be as high as about 20%. Such large contractions are typical for crosslinking polymerization of acrylate or methacrylate of monomers.
  • the solidification of the liquid precursors may form a hydrogel precursor, such as a solvent gel or a xerogel. Such hydrogel precursor is then hydrated, washed, and equilibrated in the appropriate isotonic aqueous liquid to reach the final volume and shape and optical properties corresponding to the implanted state.
  • the hydration causes another volume change, usually positive.
  • Liquid precursor can be also solidified in a two-part mold designed to compensate the solidification contractions.
  • Such method is described in Stoy, V. et al.: Bioanalogic
  • the mold has to be designed to obtain the final lens geometry, taking into account all volume and dimensional changes during the manufacturing process.
  • the resulting lens is formed by at least two surfaces, one being an “imprint” of the solid mold with the aconic surface and the other being the meniscoid. If the mold axis of symmetry is vertical and the mold is static, the meniscoid is approximating an ellipsoid that approaches spherical surface as the mold diameter is diminishing and the surface tension of the liquid precursor increases.
  • This manufacturing method is usually called “meniscus-casting", as described e.g. in the US Patents by Wichterle, O.: Method Of Molding An Intraocular Lens, U.S. Patent No.
  • Aconic surfaces can be also combined with conic surfaces.
  • Equation [1] would became a conic surface equation (for spheroid, ellipsoid, paraboloid or hyperboloid surfaces, depending on the value of K).
  • Geometry of the mold in the above cases determines the shape of the posterior optical side of the intraocular lens. In previous work this shape is determined by rotation of a conic section around the mold axis forming a spherical cap, paraboloid or ellipsoid, the most useful shape being hyperboloid.
  • the problem of surfaces described by a single conic curve is that it is difficult to balance all the curve lens parameters required by its optical properties (e.g., spherical aberration) and geometry (diameter, sagittal depth, central thickness, etc.) required for filling the space vacated by NCL using a single conic curve.
  • Several conic curves can be combined into a one surface to accommodate size and shape requirements, but this may lead to optical discontinuities. Therefore, it is preferred to replace such a combination of conic surfaces with a single smooth aconic surface according to this invention.
  • the posterior lens surface (with respect to the eye) is a continuous convex optical surface with negative value of ⁇ ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) for any point M.
  • such posterior optical surface has diameter equal to the Lens Outer Diameter (LOD) that is preferably larger than 8 mm including the peripheral parts or haptics (LOD > 8 mm) More preferably, LOD > 9 mm.
  • LOD Lens Outer Diameter
  • Sagittal depth of the posterior surface is preferably the same as the sagittal depth of the lens and larger than S P > 0.5 mm, preferably > 1 and even more preferably
  • Conic function ⁇ ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) of the posterior surface is preferably > -25 and ⁇ 1 in the whole interval p ⁇ [0; LOD/2], and even more preferably > -15 in and ⁇ 0.5 in the same interval.
  • such posterior optical surface has radius function R(p,9) > 2.4 mm in the whole interval p £ [0; LOD/2].
  • At least the posterior surface has “inflexion line”
  • the lens according to the present invention can be made from any transparent biocompatible and sufficiently stable material.
  • Preferred materials are hydrogels and crosslinked hydrophilic polymers, particularly those based on various derivatives of methacrylic acid.
  • One of the particularly suitable derivatives is 2-HydroxyEthylMethacrylate (2-HEMA) that can be copolymerized with methacrylic acid and its salts to achieve high biocompatibility, a resistance against deposits, and posterior capsular opacification.
  • 2-HEMA 2-HydroxyEthylMethacrylate
  • Methacrylic acid content is advantageously between 0.5 %-mol and 5 % mol, preferably between 1 %-mol and 3.5 % mol.
  • Another copolymer advantageously used in the composition is a methacryloyl derivative of an UV-absorbing compound, such as oxybenzophenone, benztriazole, or coumarine, that can be present in concentration between about 0.1 %-mol and 3 %-mol, preferably between 0.25 %-molar and 1.5 %-molar.
  • Still another component is a copolymerizable crosslinking agent, preferably a dimethacrylate of ethylene glycol or di- or tri- or polyethylene glycol or a mixture thereof.
  • Still another possible component is an ester of methacrylic acid including CI to C8 aliphatic alcohols or an aromatic alcohol.
  • examples of such co-monomers are methylmethacrylate, ethylmethacrylate, n-butylmethacrylate or benzylmethacrylate.
  • Such copolymers combine the desired optical and mechanical properties with biocompatibility that provides long-term stability of the implant.
  • Haptic-less hydrogel lens is made by polymerization in an open plastic mold by static meniscus casting following the Wichterle, O.: Method Of Molding An Intraocular Lens, U.S. Patent No. 4,846,832.
  • the profile of the mold is depicted in the Figure 1A showing various aspects of the mold design.
  • polynomial parameters K 0 to K v and Ro to R v for the functions ⁇ ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) and R(p,9), respectively, the first being described as a linear function of the distance from the z-axis p, while the other is a constant.
  • the graph on the right side of Figure 1A shows both these functions.
  • the second graph in Figure 1A shows the 1 st and 2 nd derivative of the aconic surface function ⁇ ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) by p. It is noted that the 2 nd derivative reaches the zero value at some distance from the z-axis (here approx. 2 mm) indicating an inflection line on the surface.
  • the last graph in Figure 1 A shows the physical profile of the casting mold defining the mold cavity that is limited by a sharp edge on its top.
  • the mold is filled with a monomer mixture containing 2-HEMA, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate crosslinker, methacrylic acid and methacryloylbenztriazol as monomers and isopropylpercarbonate as the initiator.
  • the monomer mixture forms a meniscus that can be approximated by an ellipsoidal cap, as shown in the Figure IB.
  • the monomer mixture is then polymerized by heating to 60 deg. C under nitrogen, swelled in 1% sodium carbonate solution, extracted multiple times in buffered isotonic solution and sterilized by autoclaving.
  • the resulting product can serve as implantable hydrogel lens.
  • Haptic-less hydrogel lens is made by polymerization in an open plastic mold by spin - casting following the Michalek, J. et al.: Method Of Manufacturing an Implantable
  • the second graph shows the 1 st and 2 nd derivative of the aconic surface function ⁇ ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) by p. It is noted that the 2 nd derivative reaches the zero value at some distance from the z-axis (here approx. 1.3 mm) indicating an inflection line on the surface. The inflexion is also obvious on the mold cavity profile.
  • the last graph of Figure 2A shows the physical profile of the casting mold defining the mold cavity that is limited by a sharp edge on its top.
  • the mold is filled with a monomer mixture containing 2-HEMA, benzylmethacrylate, triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, methacrylic acid and methacryloyloxybenzophenone as monomers, and a photoinitiator.
  • the mold filled with the monomer mixture is spun around it vertical axis at 235 rpms so that the monomer mixture forms a meniscus approximated in the Figure 2B.
  • the monomer mixture is then polymerized by illumination by blue light under nitrogen, swelled in 1 % sodium carbonate solution, extracted multiple times in buffered isotonic solution and sterilized by autoclaving.
  • the resulting product can serve as implantable hydrogel lens.
  • Hydrogel implantable lens is made by polymerization-casting in a two-part mold by a method of polymerization casting described in Stoy, V. et al.: Bioanalogic Intraocular Lens, International Patent Application Publication No. WO2014111769.
  • the profile of the posterior optical surface is shown in Figure 3.
  • polynomial parameters K 0 to Kv and Ro to R v for the functions ⁇ ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) and R(p,9), respectively, both being described as a 5 th degree polynomial of the distance from the z-axis p.
  • other essential parameters such as mold dimensions, central radius and central value of the conic constant are given.
  • the graph on the left side of Figure 3 shows both these functions and the graph on the right side shows the 1 st and 2 nd derivative of the aconic surface function ⁇ ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) by p.
  • the 2 nd derivative reaches the zero value at some distance from the z-axis (here approx. 1.4 mm) indicating an inflection line on the surface.
  • the inflexion is also obvious on the mold cavity profile.
  • the bottom left graph shows half of the physical profile of the posterior optical surface while the bottom right graph shows optical profile of a hypothetical lens with planar anterior surface.
  • the anterior part of the mold has either aconic or conic surface, preferably formed by a hyperboloid.
  • the mold is filled with a monomer mixture containing n-butyl methacrylate, benzylmethacrylate, butylene glycol glycol dimethacrylate, methacrylic acid and
  • methacryloylixybenzophenone as monomers and a benzoyl peroxide as the initiator.
  • the monomer mixture is then polymerized by heating to 70 deg. C under nitrogen, extracted multiple times in acetone-ethanol mixtures, dried under vacuum, and sterilized by autoclaving.
  • the resulting product can serve as an implantable ophthalmic lens.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des lentilles pouvant être implantées, fabriquées à partir d'au moins un matériau transparent et possédant au moins une surface optique antérieure et postérieure du point de vue de leur position prévue dans l'œil, comprenant au moins une surface ou interface lisse, réfractive et continue entre les matériaux présentant différents indices de réfraction, au moins l'une de ces surfaces ou interfaces étant définie par une fonction Z(ρ,θ) dans le système de coordonnées cylindriques (z, ρ, θ) de sorte que Z(ρ,θ) = (ρ2)/{R(ρ,θ)∗(1 + [1-K(ρ,θ)∗(ρ/R(ρ,θ))2]0,5).
PCT/IB2017/055086 2016-08-23 2017-08-23 Lentilles ophtalmiques présentant des surfaces optiques asphériques et leur procédé de fabrication WO2018037356A1 (fr)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111828850A (zh) * 2020-07-15 2020-10-27 浙江大学 基于非球面透镜面形数值重构的大面积均匀照明系统

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