WO2018028299A1 - 纯电动汽车冷却系统及汽车 - Google Patents

纯电动汽车冷却系统及汽车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018028299A1
WO2018028299A1 PCT/CN2017/088263 CN2017088263W WO2018028299A1 WO 2018028299 A1 WO2018028299 A1 WO 2018028299A1 CN 2017088263 W CN2017088263 W CN 2017088263W WO 2018028299 A1 WO2018028299 A1 WO 2018028299A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cooling
circuit
electric drive
cooling circuit
power battery
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/088263
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张国华
刘凤梁
姜利民
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蔚来汽车有限公司
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Publication of WO2018028299A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018028299A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
    • B60H1/00278—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit for the battery
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
    • B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
    • B60H1/00899—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
    • B60H1/3228—Cooling devices using compression characterised by refrigerant circuit configurations
    • B60H1/32284—Cooling devices using compression characterised by refrigerant circuit configurations comprising two or more secondary circuits, e.g. at evaporator and condenser side
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K11/00—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units
    • B60K11/02—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units with liquid cooling
    • B60K11/04—Arrangement or mounting of radiators, radiator shutters, or radiator blinds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
    • B60H2001/00307—Component temperature regulation using a liquid flow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H2001/3286—Constructional features
    • B60H2001/3289—Additional cooling source
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of pure electric vehicle thermal management technology; in particular, the present invention relates to a pure electric vehicle cooling system, and further to a pure electric vehicle including such a cooling system.
  • Motors, batteries, etc. are the power drive systems for pure electric vehicles, and their performance determines the performance of the entire vehicle. It is one of the key technologies for the development of pure electric vehicles to ensure that the power drive system works within the proper temperature range to achieve the best performance. Therefore, the powertrain system of a pure electric vehicle needs to match the corresponding cooling system.
  • the matching cooling system is an effective way to solve the thermal management problem of the power drive system.
  • the heat exchanger Through the heat exchange between the heat exchanger, the water jacket and the cooling liquid and the heating element, the generated waste water is taken away, thereby ensuring that the corresponding parts work in a suitable temperature range.
  • the cooling system of pure electric vehicles must balance the cooling of motors and batteries, and the system structure is more complicated.
  • Existing pure electric vehicle cooling systems typically have three heat exchangers, a medium temperature radiator for motor system cooling, a low temperature radiator for power battery cooling, and a condenser for air conditioning system cooling. These three heat exchangers form a front-end cooling module, and the structure is relatively complicated, and the associated thermal damage is relatively large, which is not conducive to the performance of the cooling system. Therefore, while ensuring the performance of the cooling system, how to simplify the structural design reasonably is one of the key issues in the development of pure electric vehicles.
  • a first aspect of the present invention provides a pure electric vehicle cooling system, wherein the cooling system includes an electric drive system cooling circuit, an air conditioning system circuit, and a power battery System cooling circuit, where
  • the cooling system further includes a connection between the electric drive system cooling circuit and the power battery system cooling circuit for switching between the electric drive system cooling circuit and the power battery system cooling circuit a four-way control valve, and a three-way control valve in the cooling circuit of the power battery system for controlling heat exchange between the same and the air conditioning system circuit, and
  • a heat exchange device between the electric drive system cooling circuit and the air conditioning system circuit constitutes a water-cooled condenser of the air conditioning system circuit, and a heat exchange device between the power battery system cooling circuit and the air conditioning system circuit
  • a cryocooler for the cooling circuit of the power battery system is constructed.
  • the electric drive system cooling circuit comprises a water pump in series, an electric drive assembly water jacket, a radiator, the water-cooled condenser, and the four-way control valve.
  • the electric drive assembly water jacket comprises a front electric drive assembly water jacket and a rear electric drive assembly water jacket
  • the water pump comprises a separate for the front An electric drive assembly water jacket and a first water pump and a second water pump of the rear electric drive assembly water jacket.
  • the power battery system cooling circuit includes a third water pump connected in series, the three-way control valve, the low temperature cooler, and the power battery system water jacket, The four-way control valve is further described, and the power battery system cooling circuit further includes a bypass circuit controlled by the three-way control valve for bypassing the cryocooler.
  • the air conditioning system circuit comprises:
  • a first circuit comprising the water-cooled condenser
  • a second circuit comprising the cryocooler.
  • the cooling system has a first cooling mode in which the four-way control valve turns on the electric drive system cooling circuit and A power battery system cooling circuit that operates in series with the power battery system cooling circuit; and the three-way control valve controls the power battery system cooling circuit to bypass the low temperature cooler.
  • the cooling system has a second cooling mode in which the four-way control valve opens the electric drive system cooling circuit and The power battery system cooling circuit is described, and the entire electric drive system cooling circuit operates independently.
  • the cooling system has a third cooling mode
  • the four-way control valve opens the electric drive system cooling circuit and the power battery system cooling circuit, and the front electric drive assembly water jacket in the electric drive system cooling circuit participates Cooling; the three-way control valve controls the power battery system cooling circuit via the cryocooler; and the air conditioning system circuit operates normally.
  • the cooling system has a fourth cooling mode, in the fourth cooling mode: the four-way control valve disconnects the electric drive system cooling circuit and A power battery system cooling circuit, the front electric drive assembly water jacket in the electric drive system cooling circuit participates in cooling; and the first circuit of the air-cooled condenser including the water-cooled condenser operates normally.
  • a second aspect of the invention provides a pure electric vehicle having the cooling system according to any of the preceding first aspects.
  • the foregoing feasible and reliable four-wheel drive pure electric vehicle cooling system heat exchanger module has simple structure, small correlation effect, full performance of cooling performance, and good environmental adaptability of the whole vehicle.
  • the cooling system of the present invention integrates a conventional heat exchanger of a motor system, a battery system, and an air conditioning system into a heat sink, and simplifies the structure of the cooling system by an effective structural design and control, thereby achieving not only The cooling of the corresponding components, while reducing the mutual heat damage, has great benefits for improving the cooling performance and core component performance.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic schematic diagram of a pure electric vehicle cooling system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the electric drive system of the cooling system of Figure 1 and the intermediate temperature cooling circuit of the power battery system;
  • FIG 3 is a schematic illustration of the electric drive system high temperature cooling circuit of the cooling system of Figure 1;
  • FIG 4 is a schematic illustration of the high temperature cooling circuit of the power battery system of the cooling system of Figure 1;
  • Fig. 5 schematically shows an air conditioning system cooling circuit of the cooling system of Fig. 1.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic schematic diagram of a pure electric vehicle cooling system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the cooling system can include an electric drive system cooling circuit 10, an air conditioning system circuit 20, and a power battery system cooling circuit 30.
  • the electric drive system cooling circuit 10 is primarily used to cool an electric drive system of a pure electric vehicle. As shown in the figures, the electric drive system cooling circuit 10 can include a water pump 11 in series, an electric drive assembly water jacket 12, a radiator 13, a water-cooled condenser 60, and a four-way control valve 40.
  • the radiator 13 can cool the electric drive system by causing the coolant in the cooling circuit to exchange heat with the air to cool the coolant.
  • the electric drive system package can include a front electric drive assembly and a rear electric drive assembly.
  • the electrically powered assembly water jacket 12 can include a front electric drive assembly water jacket 12a and a rear electric drive assembly water jacket 12b.
  • the front electric drive assembly water jacket 12a and the rear electric drive assembly water jacket 12b can respectively cool and cool the front electric drive assembly and the rear electric drive assembly.
  • the water pump 11 can include a first water pump 11a and a second water pump 11b for the front electric drive assembly water jacket and the rear electric drive assembly water jacket, respectively.
  • the power battery system cooling circuit 30 may include a third water pump 31, a three-way control valve 50, a low temperature cooler 70, a power battery system water jacket 32, a four-way control valve 40, and a power battery system cooling.
  • the circuit 30 also includes a bypass circuit 33 for bypassing the cryocooler 70, controlled by a three-way control valve 50.
  • the cooling of the power battery system can be controlled by opening and closing of the three-way control valve and the four-way control valve, so that the cooling liquid of the electric drive system cooling circuit 10 can be used for cooling, or the cryogenic cooler 70 can be utilized.
  • the cooled coolant is cooled.
  • the first water pump 11a, the second water pump 11b, and the third water pump 31 can drive the coolant in the corresponding circuit to circulate, so that the coolant is from the device that needs to be cooled. Take away the heat.
  • the air conditioning system circuit 20 can include a first circuit 21 and a second circuit 22.
  • the first circuit 21 may include a water-cooled condenser 60 for condensing the refrigerant in the air conditioning system, replacing the air-cooled condenser in the prior art air conditioning system, which advantageously improves the condensation effect.
  • the second circuit 22 may include a cryocooler 70 that uses the coolant in the second circuit 22 to exchange heat with the coolant in the power battery system to cool it. It can be seen that the heat exchange device between the electric drive system cooling circuit 10 and the air conditioning system circuit 20 constitutes a water-cooled condenser of the air conditioning system circuit 20, water The cold condenser cools the air conditioning system by heat exchange between the coolant and the refrigerant.
  • the heat exchange device between the power battery system cooling circuit 30 and the air conditioning system circuit 20 constitutes a low temperature cooler 70 for the power battery system cooling circuit 30, and the low temperature cooler 70 cools the power battery by heat exchange between the coolant and the refrigerant. Can be used in high temperature environments.
  • the four-way control valve 40 can be connected between the electric drive system cooling circuit 10 and the power battery system cooling circuit 30 for switching between the electric drive system cooling circuit 10 and the power battery system cooling circuit 30.
  • the four-way control valve 40 is capable of achieving different cooling modes of the power battery by controlling the flow of coolant.
  • the three-way control valve 50 is used in the power battery system cooling circuit 30 to control heat exchange with the air conditioning system circuit 20, and the three-way control valve 50 achieves different cooling modes of the power battery by controlling the flow of the coolant.
  • Fig. 2 schematically shows an electric drive system intermediate temperature cooling circuit of the cooling system of Fig. 1.
  • the medium temperature cooling circuit of the electric drive system can be regarded as the first cooling mode of the cooling system. It should be understood that the first, second, third, and fourth cooling modes mentioned herein do not necessarily represent their prioritization, but only for the consideration of different modes.
  • the four-way control valve 40 can open the electric drive system cooling circuit 10 and the power battery system cooling circuit 30, and the electric drive system cooling circuit 10 can operate in series with the power battery system cooling circuit 30. At this time, the power battery system cooling circuit 30 operates, and the three-way control valve 50 controls the power battery system cooling circuit 30 to bypass the low temperature cooler 70.
  • the air conditioning system loop 20 can be stopped or operated as needed. When the air conditioning system circuit 20 is operating as required, for example, only the first circuit 21 can be operated or the first circuit 21 and the second circuit 22 can be operated simultaneously.
  • the medium-temperature cooling of the electric drive system adopts a loop operation mode as shown in FIG. 2, and the coolant is driven by the first water pump 11a, the second water pump 11b, and the third water pump 31, and the water passage is changed by the four-way control valve 40.
  • the circuit is shared with the power battery system, and the heat exchange of the liquid and gas is performed by the radiator 13 to cool the electric drive system in a medium temperature environment. At this time, the low temperature cooler 70 does not participate in the work.
  • This mode is also the medium temperature cooling loop mode of the power battery system.
  • Fig. 3 schematically shows an electric drive system high temperature cooling circuit of the cooling system of Fig. 1.
  • the electric drive system high temperature cooling circuit can be regarded as the second cooling mode of the cooling system.
  • the four-way control valve 40 opens the electric drive system cooling circuit 10 and moves The battery system cooling circuit 30, the entire electric drive system cooling circuit 10 can operate independently. It will be appreciated that the air conditioning system loop 20 and the power battery system cooling circuit 30 can be operated or stopped as needed. When operating as needed, only the air conditioning system circuit 20 can be operated; or the air conditioning system circuit 20 can be operated simultaneously with the power battery system cooling circuit 30, at which time the cryocooler 70 is involved.
  • the high-temperature cooling of the electric drive system adopts the circuit operation mode shown in FIG. 3, and the coolant is driven by the first water pump 11a and the second water pump 11b, and the water passage is reversed by the four-way control valve 40, so that the coolant is pressed.
  • Figure 3 shows the flow.
  • the heat sink 13 is used to realize the heat exchange of the liquid and gas to cool the electric drive system in a high temperature environment.
  • Fig. 4 schematically shows a high temperature cooling circuit of a power battery system of the cooling system of Fig. 1.
  • the battery system high temperature cooling circuit can be regarded as the third cooling mode of the cooling system.
  • the four-way control valve 40 opens the electric drive system cooling circuit 10 and the power battery system cooling circuit 30, and the front electric drive assembly water jacket 12a in the electric drive system cooling circuit 10 participates in cooling.
  • the power battery system cooling circuit 30 operates and the three-way control valve 50 controls the power battery system cooling circuit 30 via a cryocooler.
  • the air conditioning system circuit 20 operates normally. It can be appreciated that when the electric drive system cooling circuit 30 includes the rear electric drive assembly water jacket 12b, the rear electric drive assembly water jacket 12b does not participate in cooling.
  • the high-temperature cooling of the power battery system adopts the circuit operation mode as shown in FIG. 4, and the water pump 1 can drive the coolant operation, and the water passage is reversible through the four-way control valve 40 and the three-way control valve 50 to make the coolant Flowing as shown in FIG. 4, the cooling liquid flows through the low temperature cooler 70, and the air conditioning system is cooled by the front cooling circuit driven by the first water pump 11a, and the low temperature cooler 70 is cooled by the air conditioning system, and the low temperature cooler 70 is further connected to the power battery system. Cooling in a high temperature environment.
  • Fig. 5 schematically shows an air conditioning system cooling circuit of the cooling system of Fig. 1.
  • the air conditioning system cooling circuit can be considered as the fourth cooling mode of the cooling system.
  • the four-way control valve 40 opens the electric drive system cooling circuit 10 and the power battery system cooling circuit 30, and the front electric drive assembly water jacket 12a in the electric drive system cooling circuit 10 participates in cooling.
  • the power battery system cooling circuit 30 may be deactivated; or operated as needed, and during its operation, the cryocooler 70 is required to participate.
  • the first circuit 21 including the water-cooled condenser 60 in the air-conditioning system circuit 20 is normally operated, and the second circuit 22 including the low-temperature cooler 70 can be stopped or operated as needed.
  • the cooling of the air conditioning system adopts a circuit operation mode as shown in FIG. 5, and the coolant is driven by the first water pump 11a, and the water path is reversed by the four-way control valve 40 and the three-way control valve 50, so that the coolant can be made.
  • the water-cooled condenser 60 is cooled by a precursor cooling circuit driven by the first water pump 11a, and the water-cooled condenser 60 cools the air conditioning system.
  • the invention uses a water-cooled condenser to replace the traditional air-cooled condenser. Since the heat exchange efficiency of the water-cooled condenser is higher than that of the air-cooled condenser, the geometrical size is reduced, the structure of the entire cooling system is optimized, and the mutual heat damage is reduced. influences.
  • a water-cooled condenser is used instead of the conventional air-cooled condenser, thereby simplifying the arrangement of the radiator, the condenser, and reducing the wind side resistance. Not only the cooling air volume passing rate is improved, but also the air conditioning system heat dissipation performance is improved, so that the efficiency of the entire cooling system is improved.
  • the improvement of cooling performance means that the power consumption of parts and components is reduced, and the energy utilization rate of pure electric vehicles is greatly improved, which indirectly improves the driving range of the whole vehicle.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Cooling, Air Intake And Gas Exhaust, And Fuel Tank Arrangements In Propulsion Units (AREA)
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Abstract

纯电动汽车冷却系统，包括电驱动系统冷却回路（10）、空调系统回路（20）及动力电池系统冷却回路（30），冷却系统还包括连接在电驱动系统冷却回路与动力电池系统冷却回路之间、用于切换电驱动系统冷却回路与动力电池系统冷却回路之间的通断的四通控制阀（40），以及动力电池系统冷却回路中用于控制其与空调系统回路之间的换热的三通控制阀（50），电驱动系统冷却回路与空调系统回路之间的换热装置构成空调系统回路的水冷式冷凝器（60），动力电池系统冷却回路与空调系统回路之间的换热装置构成用于动力电池系统冷却回路的低温冷却器（70）。该冷却系统中换热器模块结构简单、相互关联影响小、充分发挥了冷却性能、很好地提升整车的环境适应性。

Description

纯电动汽车冷却系统及汽车 技术领域
本发明涉及纯电动汽车热管理技术领域；具体地说，本发明涉及一种纯电动汽车冷却系统，并进一步涉及一种包括这种冷却系统的纯电动汽车。
背景技术
随着新能源产业的不断发展，各大汽车厂商已逐渐加大纯电动汽车的研发投入。
电机、电池等作为纯电动汽车的动力驱动系统，其性能发挥决定了整车性能表现。保证动力驱动系统工作在适宜的温度范围内，使其发挥最佳性能，是纯电动汽车开发的关键技术之一。因而，纯电动汽车的动力总成系统需要匹配相应的冷却系统。
目前，匹配冷却系统是解决动力驱动系统热管理问题的有效途径。通过换热器、水套及冷却液与发热元件进行热交换，将产生的废热带走，从而保证相应的零部件工作在适宜的温度范围。
相比传统汽车，纯电动汽车的冷却系统要兼顾电机、电池等冷却，系统结构比较复杂。现有的纯电动汽车冷却系统通常具有三个换热器，分别是用于电机系统冷却的中温散热器、用于动力电池冷却的低温散热器以及用于空调系统冷却的冷凝器。这三个换热器组成前端冷却模块，结构相对复杂、关联热害影响相对较大，不利于冷却系统性能的发挥。因此，在保证冷却系统性能的同时，如何合理地简化结构设计，是纯电动汽车开发的关键问题之一。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种克服了前述现有技术缺陷的纯电动汽车冷却系统。
进一步地，本发明的目的还在于提供一种包括前述冷却系统的纯电动汽车。
为了实现前述技术目的，本发明的第一方面提供了一种纯电动汽车冷却系统，其中，所述冷却系统包括电驱动系统冷却回路、空调系统回路及动力电池 系统冷却回路，其中
所述冷却系统还包括连接在所述电驱动系统冷却回路与所述动力电池系统冷却回路之间、用于切换所述电驱动系统冷却回路与所述动力电池系统冷却回路之间的通断的四通控制阀，以及所述动力电池系统冷却回路中用于控制其与所述空调系统回路之间的换热的三通控制阀，并且
所述电驱动系统冷却回路与所述空调系统回路之间的换热装置构成所述空调系统回路的水冷式冷凝器，所述动力电池系统冷却回路与所述空调系统回路之间的换热装置构成用于所述动力电池系统冷却回路的低温冷却器。
可选地，在如前所述的冷却系统中，所述电驱动系统冷却回路包括串联的水泵、电驱动总成水套、散热器、所述水冷式冷凝器及所述四通控制阀。
可选地，在如前所述的冷却系统中，所述电驱动总成水套包括前电驱动总成水套和后电驱动总成水套，并且所述水泵包括分别用于所述前电驱动总成水套和所述后电驱动总成水套的第一水泵和第二水泵。
可选地，在如前所述的冷却系统中，所述动力电池系统冷却回路包括串联的第三水泵、所述三通控制阀、所述低温冷却器及所述动力电池系统水套、所述四通控制阀，并且所述动力电池系统冷却回路还包括由所述三通控制阀控制的、用于绕过所述低温冷却器的旁通回路。
可选地，在如前所述的冷却系统中，所述空调系统回路包含：
包括所述水冷式冷凝器的第一回路；以及
包括所述低温冷却器的第二回路。
可选地，在如前所述的冷却系统中，所述冷却系统具有第一冷却模式，在所述第一冷却模式中：所述四通控制阀接通所述电驱动系统冷却回路和所述动力电池系统冷却回路，所述电驱动系统冷却回路与所述动力电池系统冷却回路串联运行；并且所述三通控制阀控制所述动力电池系统冷却回路绕过所述低温冷却器。
可选地，在如前所述的冷却系统中，所述冷却系统具有第二冷却模式，在所述第二冷却模式中：所述四通控制阀断开所述电驱动系统冷却回路和所述动力电池系统冷却回路，整个所述电驱动系统冷却回路独立运行。
可选地，在如前所述的冷却系统中，所述冷却系统具有第三冷却模式， 在所述第三冷却模式中：所述四通控制阀断开所述电驱动系统冷却回路和所述动力电池系统冷却回路，所述电驱动系统冷却回路中的前电驱动总成水套参与冷却；所述三通控制阀控制所述动力电池系统冷却回路经由所述低温冷却器；并且空调系统回路正常运行。
可选地，在如前所述的冷却系统中，所述冷却系统具有第四冷却模式，在所述第四冷却模式中：所述四通控制阀断开所述电驱动系统冷却回路和所述动力电池系统冷却回路，所述电驱动系统冷却回路中的前电驱动总成水套参与冷却；并且所述空调系统回路中包括所述水冷式冷凝器的第一回路正常运行。
为了实现前述技术目的，本发明的第二方面提供了一种纯电动汽车，所述纯电动汽车具有如前述第一方面中任一项所述的冷却系统。
本发明的前述可行、可靠的四驱纯电动汽车冷却系统换热器模块结构简单、相互关联影响小、充分发挥了冷却性能、很好地提升整车的环境适应性。
具体地，本发明中的冷却系统将以往的电机系统、电池系统及空调系统的换热器集成为一个散热器，通过有效的结构设计和控制，最大限度的简化了冷却系统结构，不仅实现对相应部件的冷却，同时减小相互热害影响，对于提升冷却性能及核心零部件性能有很大好处。
附图说明
参照附图，本发明的公开内容将更加显然。应当了解，这些附图仅仅用于说明的目的，而并非意在对本发明的保护范围构成限制。图中：
图1示出了根据本发明的一个实施方式的纯电动汽车冷却系统的示意性原理图；
图2示意性地示出了图1中的冷却系统的电驱动系统及动力电池系统中温冷却回路；
图3示意性地示出了图1中的冷却系统的电驱动系统高温冷却回路；
图4示意性地示出了图1中的冷却系统的动力电池系统高温冷却回路；以及
图5示意性地示出了图1中的冷却系统的空调系统冷却回路。
具体实施方式
下面参照附图详细地说明本发明的具体实施方式。在各附图中，相同的附图标记表示相同或相应的技术特征。图2-5中用虚线示出的部分表示可以根据需要运行或者停止运行的冷却回路部分。
图1示出了根据本发明的一个实施方式的纯电动汽车冷却系统的示意性原理图。
在图示实施方式中，冷却系统可以包括电驱动系统冷却回路10、空调系统回路20及动力电池系统冷却回路30。
电驱动系统冷却回路10主要用于对纯电动汽车的电驱动系统进行冷却。如图中所示，电驱动系统冷却回路10可以包括串联的水泵11、电驱动总成水套12、散热器13、水冷式冷凝器60及四通控制阀40。散热器13能够通过使冷却回路中的冷却液与空气换热而使冷却液降温，从而对电驱动系统进行冷却。
在四驱纯电动汽车中，其电驱动系统包可以括前电驱动总成和后电驱动总成。因而，例如，在图中示例中，电驱动总成水套12可以包括前电驱动总成水套12a和后电驱动总成水套12b。前电驱动总成水套12a和后电驱动总成水套12b能够分别绕经前电驱动总成和后电驱动总成从而对其进行冷却降温。相应地，如图所示，水泵11可以包括分别用于前电驱动总成水套和后电驱动总成水套的第一水泵11a和第二水泵11b。
如图中所示，动力电池系统冷却回路30可以包括串联的第三水泵31、三通控制阀50、低温冷却器70及动力电池系统水套32、四通控制阀40，并且动力电池系统冷却回路30还包括由三通控制阀50控制的、用于绕过低温冷却器70的旁通回路33。在此，对于动力电池系统的冷却可以通过三通控制阀和四通控制阀的开闭来进行控制，使得可以利用电驱动系统冷却回路10的冷却液进行冷却，或者可以利用经过低温冷却器70冷却的冷却液来进行冷却。
在电驱动系统冷却回路10和动力电池系统冷却回路30中，第一水泵11a、第二水泵11b及第三水泵31可以驱动相应回路中的冷却液循环流动，使冷却液从需要被冷却的设备带走热量。
如图中所示，空调系统回路20可以包含第一回路21以及第二回路22。第一回路21可以包括水冷式冷凝器60，用于空调系统内冷媒的冷凝，取代了现有技术中空调系统内的空冷式冷凝器，能有利地改进冷凝效果。第二回路22可以包括低温冷却器70，低温冷却器70利用该第二回路22中的冷却液与动力电池系统中的冷却液进行热交换，对其进行冷却。可见，电驱动系统冷却回路10与空调系统回路20之间的换热装置构成了空调系统回路20的水冷式冷凝器，水 冷式冷凝器通过冷却液与冷媒换热对空调系统进行冷却。动力电池系统冷却回路30与空调系统回路20之间的换热装置则构成了用于动力电池系统冷却回路30的低温冷却器70，低温冷却器70通过冷却液与冷媒换热对动力电池进行冷却，能够用于高温环境。
如图中所示，四通控制阀40可以连接在电驱动系统冷却回路10与动力电池系统冷却回路30之间、用于切换电驱动系统冷却回路10与动力电池系统冷却回路30之间的通断。可见，四通控制阀40能够通过控制冷却液流向实现动力电池的不同冷却模式。三通控制阀50在动力电池系统冷却回路30中用于控制其与空调系统回路20之间的换热，三通控制阀50通过控制冷却液流向实现动力电池的不同冷却模式。
图2示意性地示出了图1中的冷却系统的电驱动系统中温冷却回路。该电驱动系统中温冷却回路可以看作冷却系统的第一冷却模式。应当了解，本文中提到的第一、第二、第三、第四冷却模式并非不代表它们存在先后顺序，而仅是出于对不同模式的区分的考虑。
在该第一冷却模式中，四通控制阀40可以接通电驱动系统冷却回路10和动力电池系统冷却回路30，并且电驱动系统冷却回路10可以与动力电池系统冷却回路30串联运行。此时，动力电池系统冷却回路30运行，并且三通控制阀50控制动力电池系统冷却回路30绕过低温冷却器70。空调系统回路20可以停止运行或者根据需要运行。在空调系统回路20根据需要运行时，例如可以仅第一回路21运行或者第一回路21和第二回路22同时运行。
可以了解，该电驱动系统中温冷却实现采用如图2所示回路运行模式，通过第一水泵11a、第二水泵11b、第三水泵31驱动冷却液运行，通过四通控制阀40对水路进行换向，使冷却液按图2所示流动。与动力电池系统共用回路，利用散热器13实现液气换热对电驱动系统进行中温环境下的冷却。此时低温冷却器70并不参与工作。
此模式也是动力电池系统中温冷却回路模式。
图3示意性地示出了图1中的冷却系统的电驱动系统高温冷却回路。该电驱动系统高温冷却回路可以看作冷却系统的第二冷却模式。
在该第二冷却模式中，四通控制阀40断开电驱动系统冷却回路10和动 力电池系统冷却回路30，整个电驱动系统冷却回路10可以独立运行。可以了解，空调系统回路20和动力电池系统冷却回路30可以根据需要运行或者停止运行。在根据需要运行时，可以仅空调系统回路20运行；也可以空调系统回路20与动力电池系统冷却回路30同时运行，此时低温冷却器70参与工作。
可以了解，该电驱动系统高温冷却实现采用图3所示回路运行模式，通过第一水泵11a、第二水泵11b驱动冷却液运行，通过四通控制阀40对水路进行换向，使冷却液按图3所示流动。利用散热器13实现液气换热对电驱动系统进行高温环境下的冷却。
图4示意性地示出了图1中的冷却系统的动力电池系统高温冷却回路。该电池系统高温冷却回路可以看作冷却系统的第三冷却模式。
在该第三冷却模式中，四通控制阀40断开电驱动系统冷却回路10和动力电池系统冷却回路30，并且电驱动系统冷却回路10中的前电驱动总成水套12a参与冷却。动力电池系统冷却回路30运行，并且三通控制阀50控制动力电池系统冷却回路30经由低温冷却器。此时，空调系统回路20正常运行。可以了解，当电驱动系统冷却回路30中包括后电驱动总成水套12b时，后电驱动总成水套12b不参与冷却。
可以了解，该动力电池系统高温冷却实现采用如图4所示回路运行模式，通过水泵1可以驱动冷却液运行，通过四通控制阀40和三通控制阀50对水路进行换向，使冷却液按图4所示流动，使冷却液流经低温冷却器70，利用第一水泵11a驱动的前驱冷却回路对空调系统冷却，利用空调系统冷却低温冷却器70，低温冷却器70再对动力电池系统进行高温环境下的冷却。
图5示意性地示出了图1中的冷却系统的空调系统冷却回路。该空调系统冷却回路可以看作冷却系统的第四冷却模式。
在该第四冷却模式中，四通控制阀40断开电驱动系统冷却回路10和动力电池系统冷却回路30，并且电驱动系统冷却回路10中的前电驱动总成水套12a参与冷却。动力电池系统冷却回路30可以停止运行；或者根据需要运行，在其运行时，需要低温冷却器70参与工作。此时，空调系统回路20中包括水冷式冷凝器60的第一回路21正常运行，而包括低温冷却器70的第二回路22可以停止运行或者根据需要运行。
可以了解，该空调系统冷却实现采用如图5所示回路运行模式，通过第一水泵11a驱动冷却液运行，通过四通控制阀40和三通控制阀50对水路进行换向，能够使冷却液按图5所示流动。利用第一水泵11a驱动的前驱冷却回路对水冷式冷凝器60冷却，水冷式冷凝器60对空调系统冷却。
通过前述针对纯电动汽车冷却系统的详细描述，具有这种冷却系统的纯电动汽车对于所属领域的技术人员而言是能够想到的。在此不再赘述。
结合以上可以了解，本发明的主要技术效果包括：
1、简化了纯电动车冷却系统结构
本发明使用水冷式冷凝器替代传统风冷式冷凝器，由于水冷式冷凝器的换热效率高于风冷式冷凝器，其几何尺寸减小，整个冷却系统结构得到优化，减少了相互热害影响。
2、提升了纯电动车冷却性能
利用液-液换热效率高于液-气换热效率这一特点，使用水冷式冷凝器替代传统风冷式冷凝器，从而简化散热器，冷凝器的排布结垢，减少风侧阻力，不仅提升了冷却风量通过率，也提升了空调系统散热性能，以至于整个冷却系统效率都得到了改善。
3、提升了整车能量利用效率
冷却性能的提升意味着零部件工作的耗电减少，对于纯电动车的能量一用率是很大的提升，间接提升了整车续驶里程。
本发明的技术范围不仅仅局限于上述说明中的内容，本领域技术人员可以在不脱离本发明技术思想的前提下，对上述实施方式进行多种变形和修改，而这些变形和修改均应当属于本发明的范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种纯电动汽车冷却系统，其特征在于，所述冷却系统包括电驱动系统冷却回路(10)、空调系统回路(20)及动力电池系统冷却回路(30)，其中
    所述冷却系统还包括连接在所述电驱动系统冷却回路(10)与所述动力电池系统冷却回路(30)之间、用于切换所述电驱动系统冷却回路(10)与所述动力电池系统冷却回路(30)之间的通断的四通控制阀(40)，以及所述动力电池系统冷却回路(30)中用于控制其与所述空调系统回路(20)之间的换热的三通控制阀(50)，并且
    所述电驱动系统冷却回路(10)与所述空调系统回路(20)之间的换热装置(60)构成所述空调系统回路(20)的水冷式冷凝器，所述动力电池系统冷却回路(30)与所述空调系统回路(20)之间的换热装置(70)构成用于所述动力电池系统冷却回路(30)的低温冷却器。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的冷却系统，其中，所述电驱动系统冷却回路(10)包括串联的水泵(11)、电驱动总成水套(12)、散热器(13)、所述水冷式冷凝器(60)及所述四通控制阀(40)。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的冷却系统，其中，所述电驱动总成水套(12)包括前电驱动总成水套(12a)和后电驱动总成水套(12b)，并且所述水泵(11)包括分别用于所述前电驱动总成水套和所述后电驱动总成水套的第一水泵(11a)和第二水泵(11b)。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的冷却系统，其中，所述动力电池系统冷却回路(30)包括串联的第三水泵(31)、所述三通控制阀(50)、所述低温冷却器(70)及所述动力电池系统水套(32)、所述四通控制阀(40)，并且所述动力电池系统冷却回路(30)还包括由所述三通控制阀(50)控制的、用于绕过所述低温冷却器(70)的旁通回路(33)。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的冷却系统，其中，所述空调系统回路(30)包含：
    包括所述水冷式冷凝器(60)的第一回路(21)；以及
    包括所述低温冷却器(70)的第二回路(22)。
  6. 如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的冷却系统，其中，所述冷却系统具有第一 冷却模式，在所述第一冷却模式中：所述四通控制阀(40)接通所述电驱动系统冷却回路(10)和所述动力电池系统冷却回路(30)，所述电驱动系统冷却回路(10)与所述动力电池系统冷却回路(30)串联运行；并且所述三通控制阀(50)控制所述动力电池系统冷却回路(30)绕过所述低温冷却器(70)。
  7. 如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的冷却系统，其中，所述冷却系统具有第二冷却模式，在所述第二冷却模式中：所述四通控制阀(40)断开所述电驱动系统冷却回路(10)和所述动力电池系统冷却回路(30)，整个所述电驱动系统冷却回路(10)独立运行。
  8. 如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的冷却系统，其中，所述冷却系统具有第三冷却模式，在所述第三冷却模式中：所述四通控制阀(40)断开所述电驱动系统冷却回路(10)和所述动力电池系统冷却回路(30)，所述电驱动系统冷却回路(10)中的前电驱动总成水套(12a)参与冷却；所述三通控制阀(50)控制所述动力电池系统冷却回路(30)经由所述低温冷却器；并且空调系统回路(20)正常运行。
  9. 如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的冷却系统，其中，所述冷却系统具有第四冷却模式，在所述第四冷却模式中：所述四通控制阀(40)断开所述电驱动系统冷却回路(10)和所述动力电池系统冷却回路(30)，所述电驱动系统冷却回路(10)中的前电驱动总成水套(12a)参与冷却；并且所述空调系统回路(20)中包括所述水冷式冷凝器(60)的第一回路(21)正常运行。
  10. 一种纯电动汽车，其特征在于，所述纯电动汽车具有如前述权利要求1至9中任一项所述的冷却系统。
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