WO2018026343A1

WO2018026343A1 - Wind generator

Info

Publication number: WO2018026343A1
Application number: PCT/UA2017/000063
Authority: WO
Inventors: Юрий Витальевич КОЛОДКА; Сергей Александрович БАБАРУ
Original assignee: Юрий Витальевич КОЛОДКА; Сергей Александрович БАБАРУ
Priority date: 2016-08-02
Filing date: 2017-06-09
Publication date: 2018-02-08
Also published as: UA113379C2

Abstract

A wind generator relates to the field of renewable energy. More particularly, the claimed invention concerns means for converting the kinetic energy of the wind into energy of different sorts, particularly for producing mechanical and electrical energy. The present vertical axis wind generator comprises a rotor (3), a wind wheel, a stator (4), a support (5), a controller (6), a storage battery (7), and an inverter (8). The rotor comprises at least one pair of permanent magnets (12) with opposite poles facing each other, where the pair of permanent magnets (12) is designed for conjoint rotation with the rotor (3), and the stator (4) is in the form of an inductance coil. With the aid of the claimed invention, the kinetic energy of the wind can be converted into electrical energy across a wider working range of wind speeds, in which the pinch effect is reduced, the wind generator is able to operate at low wind speeds and the rotation rate of the wind wheel is adjusted at high wind speeds, thus preventing dangerous overloading of the storage battery and enabling the wind generator to function autonomously.

Description

WIND GENERATOR

Technical field

The wind generator belongs to the renewable energy industry. In more detail, the claimed technical solution relates to means for converting kinetic wind energy into energy of other types, in particular for the production of mechanical and electrical energy. More specifically, the wind generator relates to power generators, in particular to vertical-axis wind turbines. The claimed technical solution can be used to provide electric energy to household and industrial electric networks that consume electricity of small and medium power.

State of the art

In the prior art, the well-known Darier turbine with a vertical axis of rotation of the rotor (disclosed and described in US patent US1835018 dated 12/08/1931), which has a rotor that consists of at least two aerodynamic wings, which are made in the form of blades of predominantly semicircular shape. The ends of each blade are fixedly mounted on the rotor.

This technical solution is a textbook and in the future was subject to improvement. The disadvantage of this turbine is its high dynamic loads on the vertical axis and noticeable noise. The Canadian Patent CA2812401 A1 is known in the art, in which the disclosed construction of a vertical axis wind turbine that comprises a plurality of wings, a rotor, a control module and a battery and a magnetic system. This solution is simple to manufacture and allows the conversion of kinetic wind energy at average values of its speed. The disadvantages of this invention is the wind resistance formed by the traverses, which requires a higher wind speed to start the wind turbine.

Another example of the prior art is the Georgian patent GEP20043207 B, which describes a wind power plant, which includes an electric generator, a wind wheel with vertical wings that are mounted on the frame. The wind wheel is made to rotate around its axis, which coincides with the vertical axis of the base. The installation contains a permanent magnet generator. The generator is connected to the engine. The disadvantages of this solution is the narrow range of wind speed at which kinematic energy is converted. At high wind speeds there is an excessive load on the generator, which affects the reduction of the battery charge / discharge cycles.

US Patent Application US20150322918 A1 is known in the art, in which a piezoelectric wind turbine is disclosed in which the wing has a symmetrical cross-sectional shape with respect to the longitudinal axis, where one edge of the cross-section The wing has an ellipse-like shape that converges evenly to a point on the other edge of the transverse cut. The force of the wind makes the wings rotate around a vertical axis. The disadvantage of this solution is the high starting wind speed necessary to start the wind turbine, which is caused by the resistance of the yokes, as well as the design of the wind wheel.

The Korean Patent KR 101293053 B1 is known in the art and describes a vertical axis wind turbine that employs a permanent magnet generator. The disadvantage of this solution is the high effect of the compression effect caused by the direct location of the permanent magnets of the rotor and stator.

Therefore, there is a need to create such a wind generator, which implements the possibility of increasing the range of working permissible values of wind speed.

As the closest analogue, the design of the wind generator from the Ukrainian patent for the invention UA86126 C2 was selected, which describes a wind generator that contains a rotor mounted on one shaft with a wind wheel, and a stator, the electromagnetic system of which consists of windings mounted on an annular magnetic circuit. Opposite magnets have the same polarity, on the middle plate between the corresponding pairs of magnets are fixed modules, which consist of lined cores with inductors and form a circular chain with pole division matching the pole division of the magnet system. Stator Magnetic Fluxes they are closed through a system of magnetic circuits, which serve as elements of the supporting structure of the generator.

The disadvantages of this solution include the use of a wind generator in a limited range of wind speeds without adaptation to changes in this wind speed.

This decision was chosen as the closest analogue of the declared wind generator. Common signs of a known solution with the claimed is a rotor, wind wheel, stator, and the axis of rotation of the rotor and wind wheel coincides with the vertical axis of rotation.

Considering the above, there is a clear need to provide an expanded operating range of wind speed, which ensures the operation of the wind generator at low wind speeds and adjusts the speed of rotation of the wind wheel at high wind speeds, as well as reducing the effect of the compression effect.

Brief Description of the Figures

In FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a wind generator. In FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration of a part of a wind generator that includes a rotor and a stator.

The following positions in the drawings should be understood as follows: 1 - wing, 2 - traverse, 3 - rotor, 4-stator, 5 - support, 6 - controller, 7 - battery, 8 - inverter, 9 - connecting element, 10 - support traverse, 11 - drive top parts of the rotor, 12 - magnet, 13 - sleeve, 14 - disk of the lower part of the rotor, 15 - mount, 16 - rod, 17 - hub, 18 - bracket.

Disclosure of invention

The problem to which the claimed technical solution is directed is to create a wind generator design in which the kinetic energy of the wind is converted into electrical energy with an increase in the operating range of wind speed, which ensures the operation of the wind generator at low wind speeds and adjusts the rotational speed of the wind wheel at high wind speeds, as well as reducing the effect of the compression effect.

The problem is achieved due to the fact that the wind generator with a vertical axis of rotation includes a rotor, wind wheel, stator. Moreover, the axis of rotation of the rotor and wind wheel coincides with the vertical axis of rotation. According to the technical solution, the wind generator contains a support, a controller, a battery, an inverter.

Moreover, the rotor is located in the center of symmetry of the wind wheel. The wind wheel contains at least three traverses, each of which is fixedly attached at one end to the rotor. Traverses have the same length and the same angle through which the traverses are attached to the rotor. Moreover, the traverses are placed in one plane, which coincides or is parallel with the axis of rotation of the wind wheel, and one wing is fixed on each of the second ends of the traverse. Moreover, the wing has a symmetrical cross-section in relation to the longitudinal axis, where one edge the wing cross section has an ellipse-like shape that converges uniformly to a point on the other edge of the cross section, and the wing is made of aluminum, fiberglass, fiberglass, textolite, fiberglass, epoxy or a combination of at least two of these materials.

Moreover, at one end of the support there is a rotor, which is made to rotate on the support, and a stator, which is fixedly mounted on the support. Moreover, the rotor contains at least one pair of permanent magnets facing each other with sides of different polarity, where a pair of permanent magnets is made to rotate together with the rotor. Moreover, the stator is made in the form of an inductor, which has a thickness in the range from 2 to 4 mm. Moreover, there is a gap between the inductor and the rotor magnets, the value of which allows the magnetic flux to be closed.

In addition, the controller has a housing that contains inputs and outputs, including information inputs and outputs, and a processor on which a program code is recorded that is capable of processing input signals and providing source commands. Moreover, the controller is configured to provide commands for

- determining the rotational speed of the wind wheel and rotor by determining the value of the generated current

- determining the level of charge and the level of energy consumption of the battery by determining the voltage value at the output of the battery - comparing the value of the generated current level with predefined stored current levels to reduce or increase the magnitude of the supplied current to the battery to charge it depending on the wind speed.

In addition, the battery is connected to the controller and inverter. Moreover, the battery is configured to be charged from a wind wheel and a current rotor generated by rotation. The inverter output is connected to an external power supply network that contains consumption devices.

Next, a causal relationship between the totality of the features of the claimed decision of the design of the wind generator and the technical result will be given. Given the fact that the claimed technical solution can be modified and have alternative embodiments, the following description is given as an example to characterize its essence and feasibility. It should be obvious that the detailed description provided is not intended to limit the claimed solution to the individual embodiments, but rather includes all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives that fall within the essence and scope of patent protection defined by the formula for the declared wind turbine design decision. The essence of the claimed technical solution is explained by schematic drawings, which in no way limit the possibility of implementing the claimed solution to the design of the wind generator and other variants of its implementation are possible within the limits of the technical solution disclosed in the formula. These drawings explain the essence of the implementation of the solution with the help of a conditional material object, which is characterized by the features included in the formula.

The vertical axis in the future should be understood such an arrangement of the rotor, in which the axis of its rotation is perpendicular to the wind flow. The axis of rotation can be placed either perpendicular to the base or surface of the earth, or at a different angle. For example, in a Gorlov turbine, the axis of rotation of the rotor is parallel to the earth's surface.

The claimed technical solution can be applied in electric wind turbines defined in DSTU 4037-2001. Wind power. Electric wind turbines. General technical requirements (DSTU 4037-2001. Wind energy. Wind power plants. General technical requirements), DSTU 4051 -2001. Wind power. Electric wind stations. General technical requirements. With the change of Na 1 (DSTU 4051-2001. Wind energy. Electric wind stations. General technical requirements. With the change of N ° 1). The gradation of wind parameters for Ukraine can be taken from DSTU-NBV.1.1 - 27: 2010 Construction climatology. Best option exercise

inventions

As shown in FIG. 1, a vertical-axis wind generator comprises a rotor 3, a wind wheel, a stator 3, a support 5, a controller 6, a battery 7, an inverter 8.

Moreover, the rotor is located in the center of symmetry of the wind wheel. That is, the axis of rotation of the rotor is adjacent to the axis of symmetry of the wind wheel and, mainly, coincides with the vertical axis of the base. The location of these axes on parallel lines will lead to an uneven distribution of centrifugal force, which will lead to additional load on the base and its further failure. The wind wheel contains at least three traverses 2, each of which is fixedly attached at one end to the rotor 3. A larger number of traverses increases wind resistance and slows down the rotation of the wind wheel, which in turn reduces the value of the generated current.

Traverses 2 have the same length and the same angle through which the traverses are attached to the rotor 3. This allows you to evenly distribute the load on the rotor formed during rotation of the wind wheel and is directed in the direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotor and wind wheel. The wind wheel mainly includes a rotor, traverses and wings. Moreover, the traverse 2 is placed in the same plane, which coincides or is parallel with the axis of rotation of the wind wheel, and at each of the other ends of the traverse is fixed one wing 1. Wing 1 is fixed motionless on traverse 2 and, in the presence of wind, returns in a direction that coincides with the direction of the wind. That is, the wing initiates the movement of the wind wheel in the presence of the required wing area, which interacts with the wind, and wind power. While one wing moves in the wind (front wing), the other two move against or across the wind until their rotational movement coincides with the direction of the wind, but they also take part in the torque due to the shape, moreover, they help the front wing.

Moreover, the wing has a symmetrical cross section in relation to the longitudinal axis, where one edge of the wing cross section has an ellipse-like shape that converges uniformly to a point on the other edge of the cross section. This wing aerodynamics allows you to move against the direction of the wind with less resistance. The wing is made of aluminum, fiberglass, fiberglass, textolite, fiberglass, epoxy or a combination of at least two of these materials. Each of these materials has a lower density than the commonly used sheets of alloys of non-aluminum metals and sheet metal, 2-3 times. Moreover, in the claimed materials there is a great strength of 2-3 times. It is worth noting that such a wing design allows silent rotation of the wind wheel, which prevents acoustic pollution of the territory on which the wind generator is installed, in particular, prevents the forced repelling of birds. The rotation of the wind wheel occurs solely due to pressure on the wing of the wind. This indicates the environmental friendliness of the wind generator.

At one end of the support there is a rotor which is rotatable on the support and a stator which is fixedly mounted on the support. The other end of the support is mounted on a bearing surface, which may, depending on the location, roof, ground, concrete or other foundation or pedestal, and more.

As seen in FIG. 2, the rotor comprises at least one pair of permanent magnets facing each other with sides of different polarity, which is rotatable with the rotor. For this, the rotor is made: having an upper part, which contains a support of the crosshead 10, located between the connecting element 9 and the magnetic disk of the upper part of the rotor 11. At least one permanent magnet 12 is attached to the other side of the magnetic disk of the upper part of the rotor 12. The lower part of the rotor contains a magnetic the disk of the lower part of the rotor, at least one permanent magnet is placed on the surface facing the upper part of the rotor, the polarity of which is opposite to that of the magnet of the upper part of the rotor.

The number of magnets is proportionally dependent on the value of the current (and accordingly - power) that is generated. This allows you to adapt the wind generator to according to user needs. The lower and upper parts of the rotor are mounted on the hub 17, which is made rotational on the basis of 5. There is a gap between the magnets of the upper and lower parts. The upper and lower parts of the rotor are fastened together with the help of rods 16, fixed with fasteners, for example, nuts 15. Such fixing allows you to adjust and maintain a constant amount of clearance between the upper and lower parts of the rotor. This prevents the rotor from locking during rotation.

Together, the design of the rotor and wind wheel allows you to set the minimum wind speed for initiating the operation of the wind generator at a level of no more than 2 m / s. This indicator indicates the wide geography of application of this technical solution.

The stator 4 is made in the form of an inductor, which has a thickness in the range from 2 to 4 mm. The stator is installed in the gap between the upper and lower parts of the rotor, more precisely in the gap between the magnets of the upper and lower parts of the rotor. On the basis of the bracket 18 is fixed, which with the help of rods and the fixtures available on it allows the stator to be mounted motionlessly while maintaining the necessary gaps between the rotor magnets. Mounts allow you to adjust this gap and fix the stator in a certain position.

When applying the magnetic system in the rotor, there is a reduction effect caused by the forces of a magnetic field, which attracts magnets of different polarity to each other. This effect cannot be completely eliminated, since its absence indicates that the stator winding is not excited by a magnetic field, and, accordingly, current generation does not occur. Therefore, there is a gap between the inductor and the rotor magnets, the value of which provides the possibility of magnetic flux closure. Advantageously, this clearance is approximately 0.3 mm. The controller 6 has a housing that contains inputs and outputs, including information inputs and outputs, and a processor on which a program code is recorded, configured to process input signals and provide source commands. Essentially, the controller is a wind generator control unit, which is configured to provide commands for, in particular, determining the rotational speed of the wind wheel and rotor by determining the value of the generated current. Data is entered into the controller that corresponds to a predetermined value of the generated current depending on the wind speed. When the generated current reaches a certain value, the controller performs an automatic correction, which will be described below.

The controller is configured to determine a charge level and a power consumption level of a battery by determining a voltage value at a battery output. The higher the battery discharge rate, the greater the need for electricity in the network. Depending on the remaining battery charge, the controller programmatically initiates the process of charging the battery 7. This allows you to ensure autonomy of the wind generator. The controller is also configured to compare the value of the generated current level (generated voltage) with the predetermined stored current levels to reduce or increase the magnitude of the supplied current to the battery to charge it depending on the wind speed. This opportunity refers to the protection of a wind generator from a hurricane. When a high wind speed is reached, for example, more than 24-26 m / s, the controller programmatically puts the wind generator in maximum load mode, that is, the wind wheel will rotate very slowly. Thus, although the controller will remove the minimum voltage value, but at the same time the current will be removed and supplied to the battery. This prevents an emergency condition for the wind generator, in particular, prevents excessive load on the battery, which significantly increases its life.

The battery 7 is connected to the controller and inverter 8. Moreover, the battery is configured to be charged from a wind wheel and a current rotor generated by rotation. In addition, the battery prevents current pulses from entering the power grid caused by uneven wind speeds. In addition, the values of the instantaneous current values supplied from the battery to the mains (through the inverter) are aligned. The formed current flows to the controller, where it is converted from alternating current to direct current. The degree and conditions of charging are controlled by the controller programmatically. Inverter serves to turn direct current into alternating current. The inverter output is connected to an external power supply network that contains consumption devices.

Industrial applicability The principle of operation of the generator is explained by the following example. This example is not one that limits the essence of the technical solution, and serves to understand the essence of the claimed wind generator by a specialist.

In the presence of wind, the speed of which exceeds 2 m / s, the wind wheel begins to rotate. Together with the wind wheel, the rotor also rotates, while the magnets excite a magnetic field in the inductor, and voltage appears at the output of the coil, and the current is supplied to the controller. The controller determines the value of the input current from the inductor, and determines the degree of charge of the battery. If the power consumption is low, the battery is discharged, and the wind speed is strong, then the controller programmatically sets the battery charging mode. If the wind is very strong, the battery is charged, and there is no consumption, the controller programmatically puts the wind generator in ballast mode, when the wind wheel will rotate very slowly, there will be a minimum voltage value, but the current will be removed. The ballast may be a resistor, a battery, and the like. For specialists in this field of technology, obvious further modifications of the claimed object are obvious, which is covered by the essence of the declared object, as disclosed in the formula.

Claims

FORMULA

1. The wind generator with a vertical axis of rotation, which 5 includes a rotor, a wind wheel, a stator, and the axis of rotation of the rotor and wind wheel coincides with a vertical axis of rotation, which is characterized in that

the wind generator comprises a support, a controller, a storage battery, an inverter, the rotor being placed at the center of symmetry of the wind wheel, the wind wheel containing at least three yokes, each of which is fixedly attached at one end to the rotor, the yokes have the same length and the same angle through which the traverses are attached to the rotor, and the traverses are placed in one plane, which

15 coincides with or is parallel with the axis of rotation of the wind wheel, and one wing is fixed at each of the second ends of the beam, the wing having a symmetrical cross section in relation to the longitudinal axis, where one edge of the wing cross section has an ellipse-like shape,

20 which uniformly converges to a point on the other edge of the cross section, and the wing is made of aluminum, fiberglass, fiberglass, textolite, fiberglass, epoxy or a combination of at least two of these materials, 5 with a rotor placed on one end of the support, which is made with the possibility rotation on a support, a stator that is motionless mounted on a support, and the rotor contains at least one pair of permanent magnets facing each other with sides of different polarity, where a pair of permanent magnets is made to rotate with the rotor, and 5 the stator is made in the form of an inductor, which has a thickness in the range from 2 to 4 mm, and between the inductor and the rotor magnets there is a gap, the value of which ensures the closure of the magnetic flux,

In addition, the controller has a housing that contains inputs and outputs, including information inputs and outputs, and a processor on which a program code is recorded that is capable of processing input signals and providing source commands, and the controller is configured to

15 provide teams for

- determining the speed of rotation of the wind wheel and rotor by determining the value of the generated current,

determine the level of charge and the level of energy consumption of the battery by determining

20 voltage values at the output of the battery,

comparing the value of the generated current level with predefined stored current levels to reduce or increase the amount of current supplied to the battery to charge it, depending on

25 wind speeds in addition, the battery is connected to the controller and the inverter, and the battery is configured to be charged from the current generated by the rotation of the wind wheel and rotor, the inverter output is connected to 5 external power supply, which contains the consumption device.

YU

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twenty

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