WO2018019273A1 - 一种基于电磁感应原理的pcb集成的导线磁场取能装置 - Google Patents

一种基于电磁感应原理的pcb集成的导线磁场取能装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018019273A1
WO2018019273A1 PCT/CN2017/094746 CN2017094746W WO2018019273A1 WO 2018019273 A1 WO2018019273 A1 WO 2018019273A1 CN 2017094746 W CN2017094746 W CN 2017094746W WO 2018019273 A1 WO2018019273 A1 WO 2018019273A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
permanent magnet
magnetic field
pcb
field energy
hole
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2017/094746
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
胡军
王中旭
何金良
王善祥
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Tsinghua University
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Tsinghua University
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Priority to US16/321,334 priority Critical patent/US20190222097A1/en
Publication of WO2018019273A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018019273A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/2804—Printed windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F5/00—Coils
    • H01F5/003—Printed circuit coils
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K35/00—Generators with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating coil system, magnet, armature or other part of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K35/02—Generators with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating coil system, magnet, armature or other part of the magnetic circuit with moving magnets and stationary coil systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K1/00—Printed circuits
    • H05K1/16—Printed circuits incorporating printed electric components, e.g. printed resistors, capacitors or inductors
    • H05K1/165—Printed circuits incorporating printed electric components, e.g. printed resistors, capacitors or inductors incorporating printed inductors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K1/00—Printed circuits
    • H05K1/18—Printed circuits structurally associated with non-printed electric components
    • H05K1/181—Printed circuits structurally associated with non-printed electric components associated with surface mounted components
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K1/00—Printed circuits
    • H05K1/02—Details
    • H05K1/0296—Conductive pattern lay-out details not covered by sub groups H05K1/02 - H05K1/0295
    • H05K1/0298—Multilayer circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
    • H05K2201/08—Magnetic details
    • H05K2201/083—Magnetic materials
    • H05K2201/086—Magnetic materials for inductive purposes, e.g. printed inductor with ferrite core

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of energy collection technology, and particularly relates to a PCB integrated magnetic field energy-taking device based on the principle of electromagnetic induction.
  • the wide-area measurement technology of transmission system is of great significance to the safe operation of the power grid, network loss measurement, power flow optimization and fault location.
  • Advanced sensing technology is the basis for wide-area measurement technology for transmission systems.
  • the sensing applications in the transmission system at this stage are mainly concentrated in indoor places such as substations, and the wide-area monitoring of transmission and distribution lines of hundreds of kilometers is beyond the reach.
  • One of the most important reasons why transmission system wide-area monitoring and measurement systems are difficult to achieve is the power supply of the sensor.
  • the scale and complexity of the transmission system are increasing, the transmission line span is large, various types of online power equipment are diverse, the number is large, and the distribution network is complex. This makes the installation and maintenance of wide-area distributed sensor nodes extremely difficult.
  • the sensor's power supply system provides even more stringent requirements.
  • the energy supply mode of the transmission system sensor mainly includes the current transformer (CT) coil busbar energy extraction, the capacitive voltage division busbar energy extraction, the solar power supply, the battery power supply, and the laser power supply.
  • CT current transformer
  • Current transformer (CT) coil busbar energy extraction, capacitive voltage divider busbar energy extraction and battery power supply mode installation and maintenance are inconvenient and bulky, while solar power supply and laser power supply mode are affected by the environment and the cost is high.
  • the present invention aims to solve at least one of the above technical problems to some extent.
  • the present invention proposes a PCB integrated magnetic field energy-receiving device based on the principle of electromagnetic induction.
  • the integrated magnetic field energy-receiving device of the PCB integrated based on the electromagnetic induction principle is completely non-invasive, and is easy to install and disassemble, and is less affected by the environment. , high security.
  • a PCB integrated lead magnetic field energy absorbing device based on electromagnetic induction principle includes: a PCB board, the PCB board includes: a substrate and a coil, the substrate defines an intermediate through hole, and the coil is disposed in the a spiral distribution on the substrate and surrounding the intermediate through hole; a rotating permanent magnet assembly rotatably embedded in the intermediate through hole; a fixed permanent magnet, the fixed permanent magnet and the The rotating permanent magnet assembly is oppositely disposed to provide a DC bias magnetic field to the rotating permanent magnet assembly.
  • PCB integrated magnetic field energy-receiving device based on electromagnetic induction principle according to an embodiment of the present invention, through a wire
  • the magnetic field moment between the magnetic field and the fixed permanent magnet drives the rotation of the rotating permanent magnet assembly, thereby converting the magnetic field energy around the wire into the mechanical energy of the rotating permanent magnet, and then converting it into electric energy of the coil, thereby being a small power electron such as a sensor in the power transmission system.
  • the device provides electrical energy.
  • PCB integrated magnetic field energy-receiving device based on the electromagnetic induction principle may further have the following additional technical features:
  • the PCB board is provided with a plurality of layers of the coils, and the coils of each layer are sequentially arranged in the up and down direction.
  • the coils of adjacent layers are connected in series or in parallel.
  • the intermediate through hole is a square through hole
  • the rotating permanent magnet assembly is disposed between two opposite side walls of the square through hole.
  • the wire magnetic field energy-receiving device further includes two fixing members, and the two fixing members are disposed on opposite side walls of the square through hole, and each of the fixing members is provided with a first a positioning hole, the rotating shaft of the rotating permanent magnet assembly protrudes into the first positioning hole.
  • the rotating permanent magnet assembly includes: a rotating permanent magnet, the rotating permanent magnet is provided with a second positioning hole on one side of the fixing member, and one end of the rotating shaft extends into the first a positioning hole, the other end of the rotating shaft extends into the second positioning hole; a bearing, the bearing is crimped in the first positioning hole, an inner ring of the bearing and an outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft In cooperation, the outer ring of the bearing cooperates with the inner circumferential surface of the first positioning hole.
  • the fixing member, the bearing and the rotating shaft are both non-magnetic members.
  • the wire magnetic field energy absorbing device further includes a casing, the PCB board is disposed in the casing, and the fixed permanent magnet is disposed on the PCB board.
  • the fixed permanent magnets are two strip permanent magnets, and the two strip permanent magnets are disposed on opposite sides of the PCB board.
  • the fixed permanent magnet is two strip permanent magnets, and the two strip permanent magnets are disposed on opposite sides of the PCB board, and the extension of the two strip permanent magnets The direction is parallel to the axis of the rotating permanent magnet assembly, the axial direction of the rotating permanent magnet assembly being the same as the direction in which the wires extend.
  • the rotating permanent magnet is in clearance fit with the square through hole.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a PCB integrated magnetic field energy-receiving device based on the principle of electromagnetic induction according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • PCB board 10 substrate 11; intermediate through hole 111; coil 12;
  • Rotating permanent magnet assembly 20 rotating shaft 21; rotating permanent magnet 22; bearing 23;
  • a PCB integrated magnetic field energy-receiving device based on the principle of electromagnetic induction according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG.
  • the wire magnetic field energy-receiving device is disposed adjacent to the wire 200 of the power transmission system for collecting magnetic field energy in the wire 200, and converting the magnetic field energy into mechanical energy, and then converting it into electrical energy, thereby supplying electric energy to small power electronic devices such as sensors of the power transmission system.
  • the PCB integrated lead magnetic field energy absorbing device based on the electromagnetic induction principle may generally include a PCB board 10, a rotating permanent magnet assembly 20, and a fixed permanent magnet 30.
  • the PCB board 10 includes a substrate 11 and a coil 12, and the substrate 11 defines an intermediate through hole 111.
  • the coil 12 is disposed on the substrate 11 and spirally distributed around the intermediate through hole 111.
  • the rotating permanent magnet assembly 20 is rotatably embedded in the intermediate through hole 111.
  • the fixed permanent magnet 30 is disposed opposite the rotating permanent magnet assembly 20 to provide a DC bias magnetic field to the rotating permanent magnet assembly 20.
  • the coil 12 may be spirally distributed on the substrate 11 from the inside to the outside, and the coil 12 may also be spirally distributed on the substrate 11 from the outside to the inside.
  • the inner and outer portions are opposite to the center position of the center through hole 111.
  • One end of the coil 12 near the central axis of the center through hole 111 is an inner end, and one end of the coil 12 away from the central axis of the center through hole 111 is an outer end.
  • the rotating permanent magnet 22 is driven to rotate substantially, and energy is collected by the coil 12 on the substrate 11.
  • the rotating permanent magnet 22 rotates in the intermediate through hole 111, causing a change in the magnetic flux in the coil 12, thereby generating a current in the coil 12.
  • the output end of the wire magnetic field energy-receiving device is connected to the sensor and disposed adjacent to the wire 200.
  • a PCB integrated lead magnetic field energy-receiving device based on electromagnetic induction principle through a wire 200
  • the magnetic field between the magnetic field and the fixed permanent magnet 30 drives the rotating permanent magnet assembly 20 to rotate, thereby converting the magnetic field energy around the wire 200 into the mechanical energy of the rotating permanent magnet 22, and then converting it into the electrical energy of the coil 12, thereby being in the power transmission system.
  • Low-power electronic devices such as sensors provide electrical energy.
  • the manner in which the rotating permanent magnet 22 is placed in the coil 12 not only greatly enhances the coupling of the coil 12 to the external magnetic field, but the wire magnetic field energy absorbing device does not need to be disposed around the wire 200.
  • the flexible configuration method makes it possible to reduce the size and cost of the wire magnetic field energy dissipating device while reducing the difficulty of installation.
  • the integrated magnetic field energy-receiving device of the PCB based on electromagnetic induction principle of the embodiment of the invention realizes completely non-invasive design, and is convenient to install and disassemble. It provides great convenience for the implementation and maintenance of the project.
  • the whole wire magnetic field energy-carrying device is small in size, low in cost, and does not depend on external environmental factors such as weather and geographical location, and is not easily damaged by bad weather.
  • the PCB integrated magnetic field energy-receiving device 100 based on the electromagnetic induction principle of the embodiment of the present invention converts the magnetic field energy into mechanical energy and converts it into electric energy, and the magnetic field can be directly converted into electric energy, and is widely used nowadays. Compared with the current transformer that directly converts the magnetic field energy into electrical energy, the safety performance is greatly improved, and the output energy has almost nothing to do with the rate of change of the field strength. Therefore, in the case of a sudden change in current, no transient high voltage is generated for the secondary electronic circuit. damage.
  • the rotating permanent magnet 22 since the magnetic field energy-receiving device is operated by the fixed permanent magnet 30 to restrain the magnetic field, the rotating permanent magnet 22 has a limited limit angle and a rotating speed, and does not generate an excessive output voltage to damage the circuit in the case of a short-circuit fault.
  • the PCB board 10 is provided with a plurality of layers of coils 12, each layer of coils 12 being sequentially arranged in the up and down direction. That is to say, the multilayered coil 12 is integrated on the PCB board 10, which greatly increases the density of the coil 12.
  • the magnetic flux in the multilayer coil 12 can be simultaneously changed during the rotation of the rotating permanent magnet assembly 20, thereby simultaneously generating in the multilayer coil 12.
  • the current increases the power density of the wire magnetic field energy absorbing device.
  • PCB integration and sensor integration are unified and highly integrated. Among them, an insulating layer is provided between the coils 12 of adjacent layers, so that a short circuit between the coils 12 can be prevented.
  • the coils 12 of adjacent layers are connected in series.
  • the PCB board 10 is provided with three layers of coils 12 arranged one above the other, the top layer coils 12 are spirally distributed from the inside to the outside on the substrate 11, and the starting end of the top layer coil 12 is located on the inner side of the substrate 11, the top layer The end of the coil 12 is located outside the substrate 11.
  • the intermediate layer coils are spirally distributed on the substrate 11 from the outside to the inside, the starting end of the intermediate layer coil is located outside the substrate 11, and the end of the intermediate layer coil is located inside the substrate 11.
  • the bottom layer coil 12 is spirally distributed from the inside to the outside on the substrate 11, the starting end of the bottom layer coil 12 is located inside the substrate 11, and the end of the bottom layer coil 12 is located outside the substrate 11.
  • the end of the top layer coil 12 is connected to the beginning end of the intermediate layer coil, and the end of the intermediate layer coil is connected to the beginning end of the bottom layer coil 12, thereby connecting the three layers of coils 12 in series, wherein the starting end of the top layer coil 12
  • the end of the bottom layer coil 12 constitutes the output end of the wire magnetic field energy-receiving device and is connected to an electronic device such as a sensor, thereby generating the three-layer coil 12
  • the power is delivered out.
  • the spiral directions of the adjacent layer coils 12 are opposite, for example, the top layer coils 12 are distributed on the substrate 11 from the inside to the outside in the counterclockwise direction.
  • the middle layer coil 12 is distributed clockwise from the inside to the outside on the substrate 11, and the bottom layer coil 12 is distributed on the substrate 11 from the inside to the outside in a counterclockwise direction.
  • the coils 12 of adjacent layers may also be connected in parallel.
  • the PCB board 10 is provided with three layers of coils 12 arranged one above the other, the top layer coils 12 are spirally distributed from the inside to the outside on the substrate 11, and the starting end of the top layer coil 12 is located on the inner side of the substrate 11, the top layer The end of the coil 12 is located outside the substrate 11.
  • the intermediate layer coils are spirally distributed from the inside to the outside on the substrate 11, the starting end of the intermediate layer coil is located inside the substrate 11, and the end of the intermediate layer is located outside the substrate 11.
  • the bottom layer coil is spirally distributed from the inside to the outside on the substrate 11, the starting end of the bottom layer coil is located inside the substrate 11, and the end of the bottom layer coil is located outside the substrate 11.
  • the starting end of the top layer coil 12, the starting end of the intermediate layer coil and the starting end of the bottom layer coil are connected, the end of the top layer coil 12, the end of the middle layer coil and the end of the bottom layer coil are connected, thereby connecting the three layer coil 12 in parallel Connected, wherein the starting end and the end of the top layer coil 12 or the bottom layer coil can be connected to an electronic device such as a sensor as an output end of the wire magnetic field energizing device, thereby transferring the electric energy generated in the three-layer coil 12.
  • the spiral directions of the adjacent layer coils 12 are the same, for example, the top layer coils 12 are distributed on the substrate 11 from the inside to the outside in the counterclockwise direction.
  • the middle layer coil 12 is distributed on the substrate 11 in the counterclockwise direction from the inside to the outside, and the bottom layer coil 12 is distributed on the substrate 11 in the counterclockwise direction from the inside to the outside.
  • the intermediate through hole 111 is a square through hole
  • the rotating permanent magnet assembly 20 is disposed between two opposite side walls of the square through hole.
  • the wire magnetic field energy-receiving device may further include two fixing members 40.
  • the two fixing members 40 are disposed on opposite side walls of the square through-holes, and each fixing member 40 is provided with a first positioning hole for rotating the permanent magnet assembly 20.
  • the rotating shaft 21 extends into the first positioning hole.
  • one side of the fixing member 40 is connected to the side wall of the square through hole, and the other side of the fixing member 40 extends in the center direction of the square through hole.
  • the first positioning hole is recessed from the other side of the fixing member 40 toward the one side of the fixing member 40, and the axial direction of the rotating shaft 21 of the rotating permanent magnet assembly 20 is the same as the extending direction of the first positioning hole.
  • the rotating permanent magnet assembly 20 includes a bearing 23 and a rotating permanent magnet 22.
  • the rotating permanent magnet 22 is provided with a second positioning hole on one side of the fixing member 40 (such as the left side or the right side of the rotating permanent magnet 22 in FIG. 1 ), and one end of the rotating shaft 21 extends into the first positioning hole, and the rotating shaft 21 is further One end extends into the second positioning hole.
  • a rotating shaft 21 is disposed between the rotating permanent magnet 22 and each of the fixing members 40. One end of each rotating shaft 21 is crimped into the first positioning hole, and the other end is crimped into the second positioning hole.
  • the bearing 23 is crimped into the first positioning hole, the inner ring of the bearing 23 is fitted to the outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft 21, and the outer ring of the bearing 23 is fitted to the inner peripheral surface of the first positioning hole.
  • the fixing member 40, the bearing 23 and the rotating shaft 21 are all non-magnetic conductive members.
  • the rotating shaft 21 may be made of copper or aluminum, and the bearing 23 may be a ceramic bearing.
  • the magnetic field generated by the wire 200 and the fixed permanent magnet 30 can be prevented from acting on the fixing member 40, the bearing 23, and the rotating shaft 21, thereby preventing the rotation of the rotating permanent magnet assembly 20 from being disturbed.
  • the rotating permanent magnet 22 is in clearance fit with the directional through hole. Thereby, it is possible to ensure that the rotating permanent magnet 22 smoothly rotates in the square through hole by the magnetic field force, and generates a current in the coil 12.
  • the wire magnetic field energy absorbing device further includes a housing (not shown), the PCB board 10 is disposed in the housing, and the fixed permanent magnet 30 is disposed on the PCB board 10. That is, the PCB board 10 and the rotating permanent magnet assembly 20 disposed in the square through hole of the PCB board 10 are all disposed in the housing, and the PCB board 10 is provided with a receiving groove adapted to the fixed permanent magnet 30.
  • the fixed permanent magnet 30 can also be disposed separately from the PCB board 10, that is, the fixed permanent magnet 30 and the PCB board 10 are respectively disposed in the housing, and the fixed permanent magnet 30 is disposed opposite to the rotating permanent magnet assembly 20, thereby being rotated.
  • the permanent magnet assembly 20 provides a DC bias magnetic field.
  • the fixed permanent magnet 30 is two strip permanent magnets, and two strip permanent magnets are disposed on opposite sides of the PCB board 10 .
  • the extending direction of the two strip-shaped permanent magnets is parallel to the axis of the rotating permanent magnet assembly 20, and the axial direction of the rotating permanent magnet assembly 20 (extending in the X-axis direction in FIG. 1) is the same as the extending direction of the wire 200, and the wire 200 is
  • the direction of the generated magnetic field is in the Z-axis direction in FIG. 1, and the magnetization direction of the strip-shaped permanent magnet can be in the Y-axis direction in FIG.
  • the coupling effect of the magnetic field generated by the rotating permanent magnet 22 between the magnetic field generated by the wire 200 and the fixed permanent magnet 30 can be greatly rotated, and the energy is collected by the coil 12 on the substrate 11 to be an electronic device such as a sensor. Provide electrical energy.
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated.
  • features defining “first” and “second” may include one or more of the features either explicitly or implicitly.
  • the meaning of "a plurality” is two or more unless specifically and specifically defined otherwise.
  • the terms “installation”, “connected”, “connected”, “fixed” unless otherwise specifically defined and defined.
  • the terms should be understood broadly. For example, they may be fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they may be mechanical or electrical connections; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. It can be the internal communication of the two components.
  • the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood on a case-by-case basis.
  • the first feature "on” or “under” the second feature may include direct contact of the first and second features, and may also include first and second features, unless otherwise specifically defined and defined. It is not in direct contact but through additional features between them.
  • the first feature “above”, “above” and “above” the second feature includes the first feature directly above and above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature level is higher than the second feature.
  • the first feature “below”, “below” and “below” the second feature includes the first feature directly above and above the second feature, or merely the first feature level being less than the second feature.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
  • Transmission And Conversion Of Sensor Element Output (AREA)
  • Measuring Magnetic Variables (AREA)

Abstract

一种基于电磁感应原理的PCB集成的导线磁场取能装置，包括：PCB板（10），PCB板包括：基板（11）和线圈（12），基板限定出中间通孔（111），线圈设置在基板上且环绕中间通孔呈螺旋状分布；旋转永磁体组件（20），旋转永磁体组件可转动地嵌设在中间通孔内；固定永磁体（30），固定永磁体与旋转永磁体组件相对设置为旋转永磁体组件提供直流偏置磁场。该导线磁场取能装置通过导线（200）的磁场和固定永磁体之间的磁场力矩驱动旋转永磁体组件旋转，从而将导线周围的磁场能转化为旋转永磁体的机械能，再转化为线圈的电能，进而为输电系统中的传感器等小功率电子设备提供电能。

Description

一种基于电磁感应原理的PCB集成的导线磁场取能装置 技术领域
本发明属于能量采集技术领域，特别涉及一种基于电磁感应原理的PCB集成的导线磁场取能装置。
背景技术
在智能电网成为研究热点的大背景下，多方面配套的关键技术得到深入发展。其中，输电系统的广域测量技术对电网安全运行、网损测量、潮流优化、故障定位具有重要意义。先进传感技术是输电系统的广域测量技术的基础。然而，现阶段输电系统中的传感应用主要集中在变电站等室内场合，对于长达上百公里的输配电线路的广域监测则鞭长莫及。输电系统广域监测和测量系统难以实现的最主要原因之一就是传感器的供电问题。
输电系统运行规模及复杂程度不断增大，输电线路跨度大，各类在线电力设备种类多样、数量庞大，配电网络分布复杂，这使得广域分布的传感器节点的安装和维护极度困难，也对传感器的供电系统提供了更加严苛的要求。
目前，输电系统传感器的能量供给方式主要有电流互感器(CT)线圈母线取能、电容分压式母线取能、太阳能供电、蓄电池供电、激光供电等方式。电流互感器(CT)线圈母线取能、电容分压式母线取能和蓄电池供电方式安装和维护不方便，且体积庞大，而太阳能供电和激光供电方式受环境影响且造价较高。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少在一定程度上解决上述技术问题之一。
为此，本发明提出基于电磁感应原理的PCB集成的导线磁场取能装置，该基于电磁感应原理的PCB集成的导线磁场取能装置为完全非侵入设计，安装拆卸十分方便，且受环境影响小，安全性高。
根据本发明实施例的基于电磁感应原理的PCB集成的导线磁场取能装置包括：PCB板，所述PCB板包括：基板和线圈，所述基板限定出中间通孔，所述线圈设置在所述基板上且环绕所述中间通孔呈螺旋状分布；旋转永磁体组件，所述旋转永磁体组件可转动地嵌设在所述中间通孔内；固定永磁体，所述固定永磁体与所述旋转永磁体组件相对设置为所述旋转永磁体组件提供直流偏置磁场。
根据本发明实施例的基于电磁感应原理的PCB集成的导线磁场取能装置，通过导线的 磁场和固定永磁体之间的磁场力矩驱动旋转永磁体组件旋转，从而将导线周围的磁场能转化为旋转永磁体的机械能，再转化为线圈的电能，进而为输电系统中的传感器等小功率电子设备提供电能。
另外，根据本发明实施例的基于电磁感应原理的PCB集成的导线磁场取能装置，还可以具有如下附加的技术特征：
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述PCB板设有多层所述线圈，每层所述线圈在上下方向依次排布。
根据本发明的一个实施例，相邻层的所述线圈通过串联或并联方式连接。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述中间通孔为方形通孔，所述旋转永磁体组件设在所述方形通孔的两个相对侧壁之间。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述导线磁场取能装置还包括两个固定件，两个所述固定件设在所述方形通孔的相对侧壁上，每个所述固定件设有第一定位孔，所述旋转永磁体组件的转轴伸入所述第一定位孔内。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述旋转永磁体组件包括：旋转永磁体，所述旋转永磁体相对所述固定件的一侧设有第二定位孔，所述转轴的一端伸入所述第一定位孔内，所述转轴的另一端伸入所述第二定位孔内；轴承，所述轴承压接在所述第一定位孔内，所述轴承的内环与所述转轴的外周面配合，所述轴承的外环与所述第一定位孔的内周面配合。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述固定件、轴承和所述转轴均为非导磁件。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述导线磁场取能装置还包括壳体，所述PCB板设在所述壳体内，所述固定永磁体设在所述PCB板上。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述固定永磁体为两个条形永磁体，两个所述条形永磁体设在所述PCB板的相对两侧。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述固定永磁体为两个条形永磁体，两个所述条形永磁体设在所述PCB板的相对两侧，两个所述条形永磁体的延伸方向与所述旋转永磁体组件的轴线平行，所述旋转永磁体组件的轴向方向与所述导线的延伸方向相同。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述旋转永磁体与所述方形通孔间隙配合。
本发明的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本发明的实践了解到。
附图说明
本发明的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1是根据本发明一个实施例的基于电磁感应原理的PCB集成的导线磁场取能装置的结构示意图。
附图标记：
PCB板10；基板11；中间通孔111；线圈12；
旋转永磁体组件20；转轴21；旋转永磁体22；轴承23；
固定永磁体30；
固定件40；
导线200。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
下面参照图1描述根据本发明实施例的基于电磁感应原理的PCB集成的导线磁场取能装置。该导线磁场取能装置邻近输电系统的导线200设置用于采集导线200中磁场能，并将磁场能转化成机械能后，再转化成电能，从而为输电系统的传感器等小功率电子设备提供电能。
根据本发明实施例的基于电磁感应原理的PCB集成的导线磁场取能装置大体可以包括：PCB板10、旋转永磁体组件20和固定永磁体30。
具体地，如图1所示，PCB板10包括：基板11和线圈12，基板11限定出中间通孔111，线圈12设置在基板11上且环绕中间通孔111呈螺旋状分布。旋转永磁体组件20可转动地嵌设在中间通孔111内。固定永磁体30与旋转永磁体组件20相对设置为旋转永磁体组件20提供直流偏置磁场。其中，线圈12可以由内向外呈螺旋状分布在基板11上，线圈12也可以由外向内呈螺旋状分布在基板11上。内外是相对中心通孔111的中心位置而言的，线圈12靠近中心通孔111的中心轴线的一端为内端，线圈12远离中心通孔111的中心轴线的一端为外端。利用导线200产生的磁场与固定永磁体30之间的磁力矩的耦合作用，驱动旋转永磁体22做大幅度转动，并通过基板11上的线圈12进行能量采集。换言之，导线200所产生的磁场与固定永磁体30之间的磁力矩的作用下，旋转永磁体22在中间通孔111内旋转，引起线圈12内的磁通量发生变化，从而在线圈12内产生电流。其中，该导线磁场取能装置的输出端与传感器连接且邻近导线200设置。
根据本发明实施例的基于电磁感应原理的PCB集成的导线磁场取能装置，通过导线200 的磁场和固定永磁体30之间的磁场力矩驱动旋转永磁体组件20旋转，从而将导线200周围的磁场能转化为旋转永磁体22的机械能，再转化为线圈12的电能，进而为输电系统中的传感器等小功率电子设备提供电能。
线圈12中放置旋转永磁体22的取能方式不仅可以极大增强线圈12与外磁场的耦合，且导线磁场取能装置无需环绕导线200配置。灵活的配置方式在降低安装难度的同时，为导线磁场取能装置小型化、廉价化提供了可能。
相比于基于电流互感器、罗氏线圈或电容分压器导线取能的方式，本发明实施例的基于电磁感应原理的PCB集成的导线磁场取能装置实现了完全非侵入设计，安装拆卸十分方便，为工程上实施及维护提供了极大的便利。
整个导线磁场取能装置体积小，成本低，不依赖天气、地理位置等外界环境因素，不易受恶劣天气损坏。
本发明实施例的基于电磁感应原理的PCB集成的导线200磁场取能装置100工作时，将磁场能转换为机械能后转化为电能，磁场能直接转化为电能的部分很少，与现在广泛使用的将磁场能直接转化为电能的电流互感器相比，安全性能大大提升，输出能量与场强的变化率几乎无关，因此在电流突变的情况下不会产生暂态高电压对二次电子电路产生损坏。此外，由于导线磁场取能装置工作时受固定永磁体30约束磁场的作用，旋转永磁体22转动极限角度和转动速度有限，在短路故障的情况下不会产生过高的输出电压损坏电路。
在本发明的一些实施例中，PCB板10设有多层线圈12，每层线圈12在上下方向依次排布。也就是说，PCB板10上集成有多层线圈12，大大提高了线圈12密度，旋转永磁体组件20旋转过程中可以同时改变多层线圈12内的磁通量，从而在多层线圈12内同时产生电流，增加了导线磁场取能装置的功率密度。此外，PCB集成和传感器的集成方式相统一，具有较高集成度。其中，相邻层的线圈12之间设有绝缘层，从而可以防止线圈12之间发生短路。
可选地，相邻层的线圈12通过串联方式连接。为了更好地说明，假设PCB板10设有上下依次排布的三层线圈12，顶层线圈12由内向外呈螺旋状分布在基板11上，顶层线圈12的起始端位于基板11的内侧，顶层线圈12的末端位于基板11的外侧。中间层线圈由外向内呈螺旋状分布在基板11上，中间层线圈的起始端位于基板11的外侧，中间层线圈的末端位于基板11的内侧。底层线圈12由内向外呈螺旋状分布在基板11上，底层线圈12的起始端位于基板11的内侧，底层线圈12的末端位于基板11的外侧。其中，顶层线圈12的末端与中间层线圈的起始端相连，中间层线圈的末端与底层线圈12的起始端相连，从而将三层线圈12通过串联方式连接起来，其中，顶层线圈12的起始端和底层线圈12的末端构成导线磁场取能装置的输出端与传感器等电子设备相连，进而将三层线圈12中产生 的电能输送出去。
相邻层线圈12通过串联方式连接时，为了避免相邻层线圈12的电动势相互消减，相邻层线圈12的螺旋方向相反，例如，顶层线圈12为由内向外逆时针方向分布在基板11上，中层线圈12为由内向外顺时针方向分布在基板11上，底层线圈12为由内向外逆时针方向分布在基板11上。
可选地，相邻层的线圈12也可以通过并联方式连接。为了更好地说明，假设PCB板10设有上下依次排布的三层线圈12，顶层线圈12由内向外呈螺旋状分布在基板11上，顶层线圈12的起始端位于基板11的内侧，顶层线圈12的末端位于基板11的外侧。中间层线圈由内向外呈螺旋状分布在基板11上，中间层线圈的起始端位于基板11的内侧，中间层的末端位于基板11的外侧。底层线圈由内向外呈螺旋状分布在基板11上，底层线圈的起始端位于基板11的内侧，底层线圈的末端位于基板11的外侧。其中，顶层线圈12的起始端、中间层线圈的起始端和底层线圈的起始端相连，顶层线圈12的末端、中间层线圈的末端和底层线圈的末端相连，从而将三层线圈12通过并联方式连接起来，其中，顶层线圈12或底层线圈的起始端和末端可以作为导线磁场取能装置的输出端与传感器等电子设备相连，进而将三层线圈12中产生的电能输送出去。
相邻层线圈12通过并联方式连接时，为了避免相邻层线圈12的电动势相互消减，相邻层线圈12的螺旋方向相同，例如，顶层线圈12为由内向外逆时针方向分布在基板11上，中层线圈12为由内向外逆时针方向分布在基板11上，底层线圈12为由内向外逆时针方向分布在基板11上。
可以理解的是，上述实施例仅是示意性的，并不是对本发明实施例的限制，PCB板10上可以设有两层或四层以上的线圈12。其中，多层PCB板工艺为本领域技术人员所理解的，这里不再详述。
在本发明再一些实施例中，中间通孔111为方形通孔，旋转永磁体组件20设在方形通孔的两个相对侧壁之间。
进一步，导线磁场取能装置还可以包括两个固定件40，两个固定件40设在方形通孔的相对侧壁上，每个固定件40设有第一定位孔，旋转永磁体组件20的转轴21伸入第一定位孔内。如图1所示，固定件40的一侧与方形通孔的侧壁相连，固定件40的另一侧向方形通孔的中心方向延伸。第一定位孔由固定件40的另一侧向固定件40的一侧方向凹陷形成，旋转永磁体组件20的转轴21的轴向方向与第一定位孔的延伸方向相同。
在本发明的一个具体实施例中，旋转永磁体组件20包括：轴承23和旋转永磁体22。
旋转永磁体22相对固定件40的一侧(如图1中旋转永磁体22的左侧或右侧)设有第二定位孔，转轴21的一端伸入第一定位孔内，转轴21的另一端伸入第二定位孔内。换言 之，旋转永磁体22与每个固定件40之间均上设有转轴21，每个转轴21的其中一端压接到第一定位孔内，另一端压接到第二定位孔内。
轴承23压接在第一定位孔内，轴承23的内环与转轴21的外周面配合，轴承23的外环与第一定位孔的内周面配合。通过在第一定位孔内设置轴承23，可以使得转轴21旋转过程中更加润滑，摩擦阻力小，用较小的驱动力就可以驱动旋转永磁体组件20旋转。
其中，固定件40、轴承23和转轴21均为非导磁件。例如，转轴21可以由铜材或铝材制备而成的，轴承23可以为陶瓷轴承。这样，可以避免导线200和固定永磁体30所产生的磁场作用于固定件40、轴承23和转轴21，进而避免旋转永磁体组件20的转动受到干扰。
可选地，旋转永磁体22与方向通孔间隙配合。由此，可以保证旋转永磁体22在磁场力的作用下在方形通孔内顺畅地旋转，并在线圈12内产生电流。
在本发明再一些实施例中，导线磁场取能装置还包括壳体(图未示出)，PCB板10设在壳体内，固定永磁体30设在PCB板10上。也就是说，PCB板10和设在PCB板10方形通孔内的旋转永磁体组件20均设在壳体内，PCB板10上设有与固定永磁体30相适配的容纳槽。可以理解的是，固定永磁体30也可以与PCB板10分开设置，即固定永磁体30和PCB板10分别设在壳体内，且固定永磁体30与旋转永磁体组件20相对设置，从而为旋转永磁体组件20提供直流偏置磁场。
可选地，如图1所示，固定永磁体30为两个条形永磁体，两个条形永磁体设在PCB板10的相对两侧。两个条形永磁体的延伸方向与旋转永磁体组件20的轴线平行，旋转永磁体组件20的轴向方向(如图1中的X轴方向延伸)与导线200的延伸方向相同，导线200所产生的磁场方向如图1中的Z轴方向，条形永磁体的充磁方向可以如图1中Y轴方向。由此，可以使得旋转永磁体22在导线200产生的磁场与固定永磁体30之间的磁力矩的耦合作用做大幅度转动，并通过基板11上的线圈12进行能量采集，为传感器等电子设备提供电能。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“上”、“下”“、底”、“内”、“外”、“水平”、“轴向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定” 等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征之“上”或之“下”可以包括第一和第二特征直接接触，也可以包括第一和第二特征不是直接接触而是通过它们之间的另外的特征接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”包括第一特征在第二特征正上方和斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”包括第一特征在第二特征正上方和斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本发明的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在不脱离本发明的原理和宗旨的情况下在本发明的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种基于电磁感应原理的PCB集成的导线磁场取能装置，其特征在于，包括：
    PCB板，所述PCB板包括：
    基板，所述基板限定出中间通孔；和
    线圈，所述线圈设置在所述基板上且环绕所述中间通孔呈螺旋状分布；
    旋转永磁体组件，所述旋转永磁体组件可转动地嵌设在所述中间通孔内；
    固定永磁体，所述固定永磁体与所述旋转永磁体组件相对设置，以为所述旋转永磁体组件提供直流偏置磁场。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的基于电磁感应原理的PCB集成的导线磁场取能装置，其特征在于，所述PCB板设有多层所述线圈，每层所述线圈在上下方向依次排布。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的基于电磁感应原理的PCB集成的导线磁场取能装置，其特征在于，相邻层的所述线圈通过串联或并联方式连接。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的基于电磁感应原理的PCB集成的导线磁场取能装置，其特征在于，所述中间通孔为方形通孔，所述旋转永磁体组件设在所述方形通孔的两个相对侧壁之间。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的基于电磁感应原理的PCB集成的导线磁场取能装置，其特征在于，所述导线磁场取能装置还包括两个固定件，两个所述固定件设在所述方形通孔的相对侧壁上，每个所述固定件设有第一定位孔，所述旋转永磁体组件的转轴伸入所述第一定位孔内。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的基于电磁感应原理的PCB集成的导线磁场取能装置，其特征在于，所述旋转永磁体组件包括：
    旋转永磁体，所述旋转永磁体相对所述固定件的一侧设有第二定位孔，所述转轴的一端伸入所述第一定位孔内，所述转轴的另一端伸入所述第二定位孔内；
    轴承，所述轴承压接在所述第一定位孔内，所述轴承的内环与所述转轴的外周面配合，所述轴承的外环与所述第一定位孔的内周面配合。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的基于电磁感应原理的PCB集成的导线磁场取能装置，其特征在于，所述固定件、轴承和所述转轴均为非导磁件。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的基于电磁感应原理的PCB集成的导线磁场取能装置，其特征在于，还包括壳体，所述PCB板设在所述壳体内，所述固定永磁体设在所述PCB板上。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的基于电磁感应原理的PCB集成的导线磁场取能装置，其特征 在于，所述固定永磁体为两个条形永磁体，两个所述条形永磁体设在所述PCB板的相对两侧，两个所述条形永磁体的延伸方向与所述旋转永磁体组件的轴线平行，所述旋转永磁体组件的轴向方向与所述导线的延伸方向相同。
  10. 根据权利要求6所述的基于电磁感应原理的PCB集成的导线磁场取能装置，其特征在于，所述旋转永磁体与所述方形通孔间隙配合。
PCT/CN2017/094746 2016-07-29 2017-07-27 一种基于电磁感应原理的pcb集成的导线磁场取能装置 Ceased WO2018019273A1 (zh)

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